Qatar Airways
Qatar Airways is the state-owned flag carrier of Qatar, established in 1993 and headquartered in Doha, with its primary hub at Hamad International Airport.[1][2] The airline operates a fleet exceeding 230 passenger aircraft, serving over 170 international destinations, and carried 43.1 million passengers in the 2023-24 fiscal year.[3][2][4] It joined the oneworld alliance as a full member in 2013, facilitating extensive codeshare and lounge access networks.[5] The carrier has earned widespread recognition for service excellence, securing the Skytrax World's Best Airline award a record nine times, most recently in 2025, alongside accolades for its business class products like the Qsuite.[6][7] Its modern fleet, featuring aircraft such as the Airbus A350 and Boeing 777, emphasizes long-haul connectivity from Doha to key global markets, supported by expansions at Hamad International to handle up to 65 million passengers annually.[8] Qatar Airways has faced controversies, including allegations from U.S. carriers that it receives substantial government subsidies—estimated in the tens of billions—enabling aggressive expansion and capacity on transatlantic routes in violation of international agreements, claims the airline has repeatedly denied as baseless and refuted with evidence of commercial loans converted to equity rather than direct aid.[9][10][11] Additional scrutiny has arisen over labor practices, with the International Labour Organization finding evidence of systemic sex discrimination in employment contracts and broader concerns about worker conditions in Qatar's aviation sector.[12][13] As a government entity, its operations reflect Qatar's strategic investments in aviation as a pillar of economic diversification, yielding record profits of $1.7 billion in 2023-24 amid post-pandemic recovery.[14][15]History
Origins and establishment (1962–1993)
Commercial aviation in Qatar originated in the 1950s through Gulf Aviation Company, founded in 1950 to provide regional services connecting Bahrain, Doha, and other Gulf locations using aircraft such as DC-3s and Avro Ansons.[16] Regular flights to Doha International Airport, which opened for commercial operations around this period, supported the growing oil economy, though infrastructure remained basic with limited runways and facilities into the 1960s.[17] In 1970, Gulf Aviation was rebranded as Gulf Air following nationalization efforts, and Qatar acquired a 25% ownership stake in 1973 alongside Bahrain, Abu Dhabi, and Oman, each holding equal shares after purchasing British Overseas Airways Corporation's interest.[18] This arrangement provided Qatar with scheduled international connectivity, but as the nation's liquefied natural gas sector expanded in the 1980s and 1990s, reliance on Gulf Air—prioritizing Bahrain as its primary hub—highlighted limitations in route development and scheduling flexibility tailored to Doha's strategic positioning.[19] By the early 1990s, amid economic diversification and ambitions to position Doha as a regional aviation hub, the Qatari government decided to launch an independent flag carrier. Qatar Airways was formally established on November 22, 1993, as a state-owned entity initially focused on low-cost regional operations to stimulate local aviation growth and compete with emerging budget carriers.[16] The airline commenced cargo services shortly after incorporation, setting the stage for passenger flights in 1994 using leased Boeing 727s for short-haul routes to nearby destinations like Sharjah, Dubai, and Amman.[20]Initial growth and restructuring (1994–2005)
Qatar Airways initiated commercial operations on January 20, 1994, following its establishment as a restructured entity the previous year, beginning with a single leased Airbus A310-200 previously operated by Kuwait Airways.[20] The airline's initial fleet also included leased Boeing 737-200 and Boeing 727-200 Advanced aircraft, supporting short-haul regional services to destinations such as Amman (its first international route, launched in May), Dubai, Sharjah, Cairo, Muscat, and Khartoum.[16] A second leased A310 joined in June 1994, enabling early long-haul attempts to Bangkok, Tokyo, and Osaka, though both A310s were retired by mid-1995 amid operational challenges and a focus on fleet rationalization.[20] In April 1995, the airline employed 75 staff under CEO Sheikh Hamad bin Ali bin Jabor Al Thani and had acquired two Boeing 747-100 (SR variants, ex-All Nippon Airways) to bolster long-haul capacity, followed by a Boeing 747SP (ex-Air Mauritius) in 1996 for extended range.[20] These acquisitions marked the onset of intercontinental expansion, but persistent inefficiencies prompted further government intervention. By 1997, the fleet stood at four aircraft, including the introduction of two leased Airbus A300-600Rs (ex-Garuda Indonesia and Ansett), signaling a shift toward an all-Airbus strategy.[20] A pivotal restructuring occurred in 1997 with the appointment of Akbar Al Baker as CEO, tasked by Qatari authorities with transforming the carrier from a loss-making regional operator into a competitive international airline.[21] Under Al Baker's leadership, management was overhauled to emphasize service quality, route network development, and fleet modernization, departing from the initial low-cost model to prioritize premium long-haul connectivity.[16] This included leasing additional A300-600Rs—six more between 2000 and 2003—and ordering Airbus A320 family aircraft, with leased A320s entering service from 1999 for denser regional routes.[20] The period saw accelerated growth, with the fleet expanding to 18 aircraft by 2003 and 28 by year-end, alongside network additions to European cities like London and Paris, and further Asian points.[16] In 2001, Qatar Airways placed an order for two Airbus A380s, followed in 2003 by a landmark $5.1 billion commitment for 32 Airbus aircraft, including A330-200s, A330-300s, A340s, and A320s, to support hub development at Doha International Airport.[20] By 2005, the airline served approximately 50 destinations with a modernizing fleet incorporating Airbus widebodies and narrowbodies, carrying millions of passengers annually and laying the foundation for global ambitions.[16]Global expansion and hub development (2006–2017)
From 2006 to 2017, Qatar Airways aggressively expanded its global network, growing from approximately 70 destinations served by a fleet of 47 Airbus aircraft to over 150 destinations with a diversified wide-body fleet exceeding 200 aircraft by the period's end.[22][23] This expansion was fueled by substantial aircraft orders, including 80 Airbus A350s in May 2007 valued at $16 billion to enable efficient long-haul operations, and Boeing 787 Dreamliners alongside additional 777s ordered in November 2007.[24] By 2010, the airline had committed to over 200 aircraft worth more than $40 billion, incorporating Boeing 777 deliveries to support route growth across Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas.[25] Key milestones included reaching 100 destinations by April 2011 and launching services to nine new points in 2007 alone, such as expansions in India with added capacity and routes.[26][27][28] In 2012, new routes to Baku, Tbilisi, Zagreb, Perth, and Kigali further diversified the network, targeting emerging markets in the Caucasus, Australia, and Africa.[29] The airline's entry into the oneworld alliance on October 30, 2013, provided access to codeshare partners and enhanced frequent flyer reciprocity, accelerating connectivity to over 1,000 destinations worldwide.[30] By 2017, expansions included 11 new destinations such as Auckland—establishing the world's longest commercial flight at the time—and U.S. cities like Atlanta and Los Angeles.[31][32] Parallel to route growth, hub development focused on Hamad International Airport (HIA), with construction commencing in 2005 to address capacity constraints at Doha International Airport.[33] Designed as a state-of-the-art facility under Qatar Airways' management, HIA opened ceremonially on April 30, 2014, featuring a 600,000 square meter terminal and capacity for 50 million passengers annually.[34] Full operational transfer occurred by May 27, 2014, enabling seamless expansion of transfer traffic and positioning Doha as a central aviation hub for intercontinental connections.[35] This infrastructure upgrade directly supported the airline's hub-and-spoke model, facilitating increased frequencies and long-haul efficiencies amid rapid network buildup.[36]
Post-blockade recovery and recent advancements (2018–2025)
Following the Al-Ula Agreement on January 5, 2021, which resolved the blockade imposed by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Egypt since June 2017, Qatar Airways anticipated operational benefits from reopened airspace and normalized relations, enabling restored overflight rights and potential route expansions.[37] During the blockade period from 2018 onward, the airline mitigated impacts—such as a 9% passenger decline in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2018—by launching 24 new destinations and diversifying its network beyond the Gulf region.[38][39] Post-blockade, combined with post-COVID recovery, passenger traffic rebounded sharply; by fiscal year 2022 (ending March 31, 2022), the carrier reported an operating profit exceeding 10 billion Qatari riyals (QAR), reversing prior losses.[40] Financial performance strengthened further into the mid-2020s, with net profit reaching QAR 7.85 billion (approximately $2.15 billion USD) in fiscal year 2024/25 (ending March 31, 2025), a 28% increase from the prior year, driven by 43 million passengers carried and revenue growth to QAR 86 billion.[41][8] This marked the strongest results in the airline's history, supported by capacity expansion and ancillary revenues, though challenges like regional airspace disruptions persisted.[42] Fleet modernization accelerated post-2021, with the addition of aircraft including Boeing 777 freighters and Qatar Executive jets in fiscal 2021/22, growing the total fleet to 233 aircraft by 2025, plus 14 on order.[43][44] In May 2025, Qatar Airways placed a historic order for up to 210 Boeing widebody aircraft, including 787 Dreamliners, positioning it as the Middle East's largest Dreamliner operator and enabling long-term capacity growth.[45][46] Plans for all-economy Airbus A321neo deliveries starting October 2025 targeted high-density regional routes from Doha.[47] Network expansion resumed vigorously, with increased frequencies to over 15 destinations in the winter 2025/26 schedule and new routes such as Doha to Red Sea International Airport in October 2025, enhancing regional connectivity.[48][49] By 2025, the airline operated to more than 170 destinations, leveraging Hamad International Airport's hub status for traffic recovery exceeding pre-blockade levels in key markets like Europe and Africa.[50] Recent innovations emphasized digital and premium enhancements, including AI-powered booking via "Sama" unveiled at Web Summit Qatar 2025 and onboard smart functionality for cabin crew rolled out in 2023.[51][52] Qatar Airways retained the Skytrax World Airline of the Year title for a record ninth time in June 2025, reflecting sustained service quality amid expansions.[6]Corporate Structure
Ownership and governance
Qatar Airways Group Q.C.S.C. is wholly owned by the Government of the State of Qatar, functioning as a Qatari closed shareholding company with the state as the sole shareholder.[53][43] This ownership structure provides the government with complete control over the airline's strategic direction, fleet investments, and international expansion, without public listing or minority shareholders diluting authority.[54] Governance is directed by a Board of Directors appointed by the shareholder government, ensuring alignment with national economic and foreign policy objectives. The board is chaired by Saad bin Sherida Al-Kaabi, who concurrently serves as Qatar's Minister of State for Energy Affairs, reflecting the integration of state enterprise leadership with key governmental portfolios.[55] Other board members include Mansoor bin Ebrahim Al Mahmoud as vice chairman and figures such as Sheikh Faisal bin Thani bin Faisal Al Thani, a member of the ruling family who also chairs entities like Ooredoo Group.[55][56] This composition underscores the role of senior officials and Al Thani family members in overseeing operations, with decisions subject to ultimate state approval. Day-to-day management falls under the Group Chief Executive Officer, currently Engr. Badr Mohammed Al-Meer, who assumed the role on November 5, 2023, succeeding Akbar Al Baker after his 28-year tenure.[57] Al-Meer, previously COO of Hamad International Airport, reports to the board and drives implementation of the airline's "Qatar Airways 2.0" strategy, focusing on financial recovery and network growth post-2017 blockade.[8] The governance framework emphasizes operational autonomy within state-defined parameters, with annual financial reporting and sustainability disclosures mandated under Qatari commercial regulations.[58]Key executives and leadership
Qatar Airways Group is led by Group Chief Executive Officer Engr. Badr Mohammed Al-Meer, who assumed the role on November 5, 2023, succeeding H.E. Akbar Al Baker after 27 years of service.[59] Al-Meer, a Qatari engineer with prior experience as chief operating officer of Hamad International Airport, has overseen strategic initiatives including a $96 billion aircraft order in May 2025 and membership on the International Air Transport Association's Board of Governors since December 2023.[57] Under his leadership, the airline maintained its position as the world's top airline in the 2025 Skytrax World Airline Awards.[7] Akbar Al Baker, who served as CEO from 1997 to 2023, transformed Qatar Airways from a small regional operator into a major global carrier with over 200 destinations and membership in the oneworld alliance.[59] His tenure included fleet modernization, premium service innovations like Qsuite, and navigation through the 2017–2021 Gulf blockade, though it drew criticism for aggressive expansion tactics and labor practices reported in aviation disputes.[59] The Executive Board is chaired by Saad bin Sherida Al Kaabi, who also serves as CEO of QatarEnergy, reflecting the airline's alignment with state energy and investment priorities under the Qatar Investment Authority's ownership.[55] Vice Chairman Mansoor bin Ebrahim Al Mahmoud supports governance oversight.[55] Key operational roles include Chief People Officer Antonio Schulthess and regional vice presidents such as Eric Odone for the Americas, focusing on network expansion and customer experience amid competitive pressures in the Gulf aviation sector.[60][61]| Position | Name | Tenure Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Group CEO | Engr. Badr Mohammed Al-Meer | Since November 2023[59] |
| Chairman, Executive Board | Saad bin Sherida Al Kaabi | Current[55] |
| Vice Chairman, Executive Board | Mansoor bin Ebrahim Al Mahmoud | Current[55] |
| Former CEO | H.E. Akbar Al Baker | 1997–2023[59] |
Subsidiaries and affiliated operations
Qatar Airways Group operates a network of wholly owned subsidiaries that support its core airline activities, including cargo transport, ground handling, catering, and retail services, primarily centered at Hamad International Airport in Doha. These entities enable integrated operations from passenger boarding to onboard amenities, contributing to the group's revenue diversification beyond scheduled flights.[62] Qatar Airways Cargo, established in 1997 as a dedicated cargo arm, manages freight operations using a fleet of 31 freighters alongside belly-hold capacity on over 200 passenger aircraft, serving more than 70 freighter destinations and 160 additional points via passenger routes. The subsidiary emphasizes digital tools like its online booking portal and sustainability initiatives under the WeQare program, while pursuing joint ventures such as a planned global cargo business with IAG Cargo and MASkargo announced in April 2025.[63][64][65] Qatar Executive, launched in June 2009, functions as the private aviation division, providing charter services on a fleet of 24 business jets, including recent additions of Gulfstream G700 models delivered in January 2025. It caters to high-net-worth clients with features like 10-minute check-ins and worldwide charters bookable within four hours.[66][62][67] Qatar Aviation Services (QAS) handles ground operations at Hamad International Airport for Qatar Airways and third-party carriers, encompassing passenger check-in, baggage, ramp services, and cargo handling for private and VVIP flights. As a key enabler of hub efficiency, QAS joined the International Air Transport Association's environmental management system in August 2022 to align with industry sustainability standards.[68][69] Qatar Aircraft Catering Company (QACC), operational since 2002, supplies in-flight meals to Qatar Airways and other airlines from facilities at Hamad International Airport, producing over 16 million meals in 2021 alone during post-pandemic recovery. It focuses on customized culinary offerings across economy, business, and first-class cabins.[70][62] Qatar Duty Free, a 100% owned retail subsidiary, operates boutiques at Hamad International Airport featuring luxury brands and has expanded through the full acquisition of Qatar Distribution Company in February 2024, securing exclusive distribution rights for wines and spirits in Qatar. This integration bolsters non-aviation revenue streams amid growing passenger traffic.[62][71][72] Additional affiliated operations include Discover Qatar for destination management and tours, Qatar Airways Holidays for packaged leisure travel, Al Maha Services for premium meet-and-greet assistance, and Internal Media Services for inflight and airport advertising, all enhancing ancillary services within the group's ecosystem.[62]Business Model and Operations
Financial performance and trends
Qatar Airways Group achieved record net profits of QAR 7.85 billion (US$2.15 billion) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, marking a 28% increase from QAR 6.1 billion the prior year and the strongest results in its history.[8][41] Revenue and other operating income grew 6% to QAR 86 billion (US$23.6 billion), driven by 43.1 million passengers carried, reflecting sustained post-pandemic demand for premium long-haul travel.[41][73] Cargo operations contributed significantly, with revenue rising 17% to QAR 17.9 billion (US$4.9 billion), bolstered by global supply chain recovery and dedicated freighter capacity.[74] The prior fiscal year, ended March 31, 2024, saw net profits of QAR 6.1 billion (US$1.7 billion), a 39% year-over-year gain, with over 40 million passengers and revenue of approximately QAR 81 billion.[14][75] This rebound followed deep losses during the COVID-19 pandemic, including substantial operating deficits in fiscal year 2021 (April 2020–March 2021) due to grounded fleets and border closures, before achieving operating profits exceeding QAR 10 billion in fiscal year 2022 amid initial traffic recovery.[40] Longer-term trends reflect resilience amid geopolitical challenges, such as the 2017–2021 Gulf blockade that strained routes but prompted diversification into new markets. Pre-pandemic fiscal years, like 2019 (ended March 2020), showed operating profits around QAR 3–4 billion amid fleet expansion, though exact net figures varied with fuel costs and competition. The carrier's state ownership by Qatar's government has enabled capital injections during downturns, supporting a shift toward high-yield premium cabins and cargo, which accounted for over 20% of group revenue in recent years.[75]| Fiscal Year (ended March 31) | Net Profit (QAR billion) | Revenue (QAR billion) | Passengers (millions) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Loss (significant) | N/A | N/A |
| 2022 | Positive turnaround | N/A | N/A |
| 2023 | 4.4 | 76.3 | N/A |
| 2024 | 6.1 | ~81 | >40 |
| 2025 | 7.85 | 86 | 43.1 |
Strategic investments and sponsorships
Qatar Airways has pursued strategic equity investments in foreign airlines to expand its global network and influence, holding minority stakes in several carriers as of 2025. These include a 25.1% stake in International Airlines Group (IAG), parent of British Airways; a 25% stake in South African regional carrier Airlink, acquired in August 2024 to enhance codeshare operations; a 10% stake in LATAM Airlines Group; a 25% stake in Virgin Australia, approved by Australia's Foreign Investment Review Board in February 2025; and a 9.99% stake in Cathay Pacific, contributing to a portfolio spanning six airline groups.[76][77][78][73] Beyond aviation equity, the airline has committed to infrastructure projects supporting its operations, such as a reported $19 billion investment in New Terminal One at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport, incorporating biometric technology and premium lounges to bolster U.S. market presence.[79] These moves align with Qatar Airways' "Qatar Airways 2.0" strategy, emphasizing diversified growth amid slower organic expansion.[8] In sponsorships, Qatar Airways focuses on high-profile sports and cultural events to enhance brand visibility, serving as a FIFA Partner since May 2017 and Official Airline Partner for the FIFA Club World Cup 2025, while also sponsoring clubs like Paris Saint-Germain and FC Internazionale Milano.[80] Additional deals include a multi-year partnership with the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and Barclays Center since 2018; Official International Airline Sponsor for the Sydney Swans in Australian football since August 2016; and a 2025 collaboration with Art Basel for contemporary art promotion.[81][82] These initiatives, often tied to Qatar's broader soft-power efforts, have supported marketing amid regional geopolitical challenges.[83]Sustainability and innovation initiatives
Qatar Airways has committed to achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050 as part of the oneworld alliance, the first global alliance to align on this target, emphasizing fuel-efficient fleet modernization with aircraft such as the Airbus A350 and Boeing 787 to lower operational emissions.[84][85] The airline reports ongoing fuel optimization measures, including weight reduction strategies and compliance with international aviation regulations, which contributed to managing a 45% rise in aircraft emissions from 12 million tonnes in 2014-2015 to 17.5 million tonnes by recent years amid network expansion.[86][87] In sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) adoption, Qatar Airways pledged to incorporate at least 10% SAF into its jet fuel mix by 2030, collaborating with stakeholders like Shell for 3,000 metric tonnes of blended SAF at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in 2023, equivalent to avoiding 7,500 tonnes of CO2 emissions, and with Gevo for up to 25 million gallons over five years starting from future production.[88][89][90] Additional 2024 SAF purchases by the group offset 19,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent, including partnerships with Formula 1 and participation in World Economic Forum SAF coalitions.[91] Waste reduction efforts include minimizing single-use plastics, food waste, and water usage across operations, with recycling programs and passenger carbon offset options supporting verified CO2 avoidance projects.[92][93] On innovation, Qatar Airways launched "AI Skyways" in 2025 with Accenture to integrate artificial intelligence across customer service, operational efficiency, and employee training, aiming to set aviation benchmarks through generative AI applications demonstrated at regional tech conferences.[94][95] The airline accelerated Starlink satellite connectivity rollout on its Boeing 777 fleet, completing over 6,000 equipped flights by early 2025 and targeting full implementation a year ahead of schedule for enhanced in-flight internet.[96][97] Partnerships with Panasonic Avionics for smart cabin systems on Boeing 777-9 aircraft and Thales for advanced in-flight entertainment on Airbus A321neo extenders incorporate zero-touch interfaces and edge computing to improve passenger connectivity and crew operations.[98][99] Through the QRDI Council, the carrier solicits innovations in resource management and collaborates on Qatar's national strategy for operational advancements.[100]Global Network
Destinations and route development
Qatar Airways operates a hub-and-spoke network centered at Hamad International Airport in Doha, serving 183 destinations in 86 countries as of October 2025, including one domestic route within Qatar.[101] The airline's route development emphasizes connectivity across Africa, Asia, Europe, the Americas, and Oceania, with a focus on secondary cities and emerging markets to leverage Doha's geographic position as a bridge between continents.[101] Following its re-launch under new management in 1997, Qatar Airways expanded rapidly from a handful of regional routes to international long-haul services, adding destinations in Europe and Asia during the early 2000s amid fleet modernization and the opening of Doha International Airport's expansions.[20] By 2011, the carrier launched flights to 15 new destinations, prioritizing European cities such as Bucharest and Budapest to capitalize on demand for premium services.[102] Preceding the 2017 Gulf blockade, the network reached approximately 160 routes, supported by widebody aircraft acquisitions and alliances.[103] The 2017-2021 blockade by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Egypt severed access to 18 destinations and reduced capacity by nearly 20%, prompting Qatar Airways to redirect resources toward alternative markets in Africa, South Asia, and the Indian Ocean, where it added routes to sustain growth despite a 12% network contraction.[38] Post-blockade resolution in January 2021, the airline accelerated recovery, surpassing prior passenger volumes by diversifying into underserved regions and increasing frequencies; by 2023, it introduced seven new routes across Africa, Asia, and Europe while resuming 11 suspended services.[104] In recent years, route development has included capacity boosts to high-demand leisure and business hubs, with the winter 2025 schedule featuring increased frequencies to 15 popular destinations amid global travel rebound.[105] Key 2025 launches encompass thrice-weekly service to Red Sea International Airport in Saudi Arabia, commencing October 21, enhancing connectivity to the kingdom's tourism developments, alongside codeshare expansions with Kenya Airways covering 19 East African routes starting October 26.[106][107] These initiatives reflect a strategy of organic growth and partnerships to exceed 200 destinations, bolstered by ongoing fleet investments.[108]Alliances, codeshares, and partnerships
Qatar Airways became a full member of the oneworld alliance on October 30, 2013, marking the first entry of a Gulf-based carrier into the global partnership of 13 major airlines.[30] This membership integrates Qatar Airways' hub-and-spoke network from Doha Hamad International Airport with oneworld's combined reach exceeding 1,000 destinations in over 170 countries, enabling passengers to earn and redeem frequent flyer miles across member airlines and access tier-based benefits such as priority boarding, lounge entry, and extra baggage allowances.[109][110] As part of oneworld, Qatar Airways operates codeshare agreements with alliance partners including American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific, and Qantas, allowing reciprocal flight numbering on select routes for enhanced connectivity without separate ticketing.[111] These arrangements facilitate seamless travel, such as linking Qatar's Middle East and Asia routes with American Airlines' U.S. domestic network or British Airways' European services.[112] In October 2025, Qatar Airways expanded codeshares with International Airlines Group (IAG) affiliates Aer Lingus and LEVEL—fellow oneworld participants—adding access to 18 routes across the United States, Argentina, Chile, and Europe, including flights from Dublin to U.S. cities like Chicago and Los Angeles.[113] Beyond oneworld, Qatar Airways maintains bilateral codeshare and interline partnerships with non-alliance carriers to broaden its network. A notable agreement with Kenya Airways, expanded on October 20, 2025, introduces codeshares on 19 routes within East Africa, effective from October 26, 2025, connecting Doha passengers to destinations like Nairobi, Mombasa, and Entebbe via Nairobi's Jomo Kenyatta International Airport.[107] Similarly, a strategic partnership with Virgin Australia, approved in February 2025 with Qatar Airways acquiring a 25% stake, enables codesharing and reciprocal benefits; Virgin Australia plans to launch direct flights from Melbourne and Brisbane to Doha starting December 1, 2025, integrating with Qatar's global routes and offering Velocity Frequent Flyer members earning on Qatar-operated flights.[78][114] Additional codeshares exist with IndiGo for India connectivity and other regional carriers, supporting Qatar Airways' strategy of leveraging partnerships for market access where full alliances are not feasible.[115]Fleet Composition
Current aircraft in service
Qatar Airways maintains a modern fleet primarily composed of wide-body aircraft for long-haul operations, with a smaller number of narrow-body jets for regional routes, alongside a dedicated all-Boeing freighter fleet for cargo services. As of October 2025, the airline operates 225 passenger aircraft across 11 variants from Airbus and Boeing, emphasizing fuel-efficient models like the A350 and 787 families to support its extensive global network from Doha. The average fleet age stands at approximately 10.3 years, reflecting ongoing modernization efforts.[44] The passenger fleet includes a significant reliance on Boeing 777-300ERs for high-capacity routes, supplemented by Airbus A350s for efficiency on medium- to long-haul flights. Narrow-body operations are handled mainly by aging A320-200s pending replacement, while legacy A330s continue on select routes despite their higher operating costs compared to newer twins. A380s remain in limited service on premium high-demand corridors, though their future utilization is under review amid rising fuel prices and slot constraints at major hubs.[44]| Aircraft Type | In Service | Average Age (Years) | Primary Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Airbus A320-200 | 27 | 13.3 | Regional passenger |
| Airbus A321neo | 1 | 0.1 | Regional passenger |
| Airbus A330-200 | 4 | 17.1 | Medium-haul passenger |
| Airbus A330-300 | 10 | 16.6 | Medium-haul passenger |
| Airbus A350-900 | 33 | 8.5 | Long-haul passenger |
| Airbus A350-1000 | 25 | 5.4 | Long-haul passenger |
| Airbus A380-800 | 7 | 9.9 | Ultra long-haul passenger |
| Boeing 777-200LR | 6 | 15.7 | Long-haul passenger |
| Boeing 777-300ER | 56 | 12.5 | Long-haul passenger |
| Boeing 787-8 | 32 | 11.2 | Long-haul passenger |
| Boeing 787-9 | 24 | 3.8 | Long-haul passenger |
Orders, deliveries, and fleet modernization
Qatar Airways has pursued aggressive fleet expansion and renewal through substantial aircraft orders from both Boeing and Airbus, emphasizing fuel-efficient widebody and narrowbody models to support long-haul growth and replace aging assets. In May 2025, the airline announced its largest-ever widebody order with Boeing for up to 210 aircraft, comprising 130 firm 787 Dreamliners and 30 firm 777X airplanes, with options for additional units to address rising demand for efficient long-range operations.[118] This commitment persisted despite prior tensions with Boeing, reflecting a strategic pivot toward proven models amid certification delays for the 777X, originally ordered in 2013 but now expected post-2025.[119] On the narrowbody front, Qatar Airways cancelled its May 2023 order for 25 Boeing 737 MAX 10 aircraft plus 25 options in May 2025, attributing the decision to persistent delivery delays stemming from production and certification issues at Boeing.[120] [121] The airline shifted focus to Airbus, reinstating a 2021 order for 50 A321neo-family aircraft (40 A321neos and 10 A321LRs) following resolution of a prior paint-corrosion dispute in 2024.[122] Initial deliveries of three all-economy configured A321neos, each with 236 seats, commenced in October 2025, targeted for high-density regional routes from Doha to replace older A320s and A330s.[123] [124] Fleet modernization efforts prioritize sustainability and capacity, with ongoing deliveries of Airbus A350-1000s—17 units remaining from prior orders—enhancing ultra-long-haul efficiency through advanced composites and aerodynamics.[125] Qatar Airways has retained its Airbus A380 fleet despite high operating costs, opting for upgrades over retirement to leverage premium capacity on key routes, while Boeing 787 and 777X introductions aim to phase out less efficient Boeing 777-300ERs over time.[126] These initiatives, backed by Qatar's state funding, position the carrier to maintain a young fleet average age below 7 years, focusing on twin-engine reliability over quadruple-engine redundancy.[127]| Manufacturer | Model | Firm Orders | Options | Expected First Delivery |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boeing | 787 Dreamliner | 130 | Additional 787s | Post-2025 |
| Boeing | 777X | 30 | Up to 170 more | Delayed beyond 2025 |
| Airbus | A321neo/LR | 50 | None specified | October 2025 onward |
Passenger Services
Cabin classes and amenities
Qatar Airways operates three cabin classes: First, Business, and Economy, with amenities varying by aircraft type and route length. First Class is exclusive to the Airbus A380 fleet, featuring private suites in a 1-2-1 configuration with fully lie-flat beds measuring up to 79 inches long.[128] Passengers receive Diptyque amenity kits, The White Company lounge wear, à la carte dining options, and access to an onboard lounge with a bar serving cocktails and snacks.[129] [130] Business Class, often equipped with the Qsuite product on Boeing 777-300ER and select Airbus A350 aircraft, provides private suites with sliding doors, configurable quad layouts for companions, and 78- to 80-inch lie-flat beds.[131] [132] Each suite includes power outlets, USB and HDMI ports, adjustable lighting, and a media panel for pre-flight entertainment selection via the Oryx One app.[133] On non-Qsuite aircraft, Business Class offers reverse herringbone seats with direct aisle access. Dining features multi-course meals with à la carte options on select flights, served on fine bone china.[134] Qatar Airways lacks a dedicated Premium Economy cabin, unlike many competitors; instead, Economy passengers can select extra-legroom seats in "Economy Comfort" sections with 38-inch pitch compared to the standard 31-32 inches.[135] [136] Economy Class seats are among the widest in their category at 17-18 inches, with adjustable headrests, recline functionality, and personal in-flight entertainment screens.[137] Amenities on long-haul flights include complimentary meals, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, USB charging ports, and AC power outlets on newer aircraft like the Boeing 787.[138] [139] Long-haul passengers receive amenity kits containing an eye mask, toothbrush, toothpaste, socks, earplugs, and lip balm.[140] [141]In-flight entertainment and dining
Qatar Airways provides in-flight entertainment through its Oryx One system, offering passengers up to 8,500 options including movies, television programs, audio content, and games, with selections refreshed monthly.[142] Screen sizes vary by aircraft type and cabin class; for instance, on the Boeing 787, business class features 17- to 18.5-inch displays, while economy class has 12.1-inch screens.[143] The airline introduced zero-touch technology in 2021, allowing passengers to control seatback screens via paired personal devices for contactless operation.[144] In premium cabins like Qsuite on the Boeing 777-300ER, recent upgrades include movable 4K OLED screens, marking a first in the industry as of 2024.[145] For dining, Qatar Airways offers à la carte menus in first and business classes via its "Dine Anytime" service, enabling meal requests at any time during the flight.[146] Economy passengers receive scheduled multi-course meals tailored to flight duration, with options such as beef curry, roast chicken, or vegetarian dishes on long-haul routes.[147] Special meals accommodate dietary restrictions, including religious, medical, and child-specific preferences, prepared according to Islamic principles where applicable.[148] The 2024 menu incorporates seasonal, locally sourced ingredients for varied food and beverage selections across classes.[149] Qatar Airways received the Best Catering award from Airlineratings.com in 2024, recognizing its food quality in all cabins.[150] Independent reviews highlight consistent praise for fresh, flavorful dishes and presentation, even in economy, though portion sizes and variety can depend on route and duration.[151] [152] Pre-dining beverages are served on flights departing between 09:00 and 21:00, enhancing the onboard experience.[153]Privilege Club loyalty program
The Privilege Club is Qatar Airways' frequent flyer program, launched in 2000 to reward loyal passengers by allowing them to earn points on flights and redeem them for travel benefits.[154] Initially using Qmiles as its currency, the program transitioned to Avios as the reward points system worldwide starting in late March 2022, aligning it with other carriers like British Airways and Iberia that also employ Avios for enhanced transferability among partners.[155] Membership is free upon enrollment, with members earning Avios primarily through flights operated by Qatar Airways or its oneworld alliance partners, as well as through bookings of Qatar Airways Holidays packages and select everyday purchases via co-branded credit cards or partner merchants.[156] Elite status is determined separately via Qpoints accrued on qualifying flights, with thresholds requiring 150 Qpoints for Silver, 300 for Gold, and 600 for Platinum within a 12-month period, after which status validity extends to the end of the following year if requirements are met.[157] The program features four tiers: Burgundy as the entry-level for all members, followed by elite levels of Silver, Gold, and Platinum, each providing escalating perks such as bonus Avios earnings (25% for Silver, 50% for Gold, 100% for Platinum on eligible flights), priority check-in and boarding, and additional baggage allowances.[158] Higher-tier members gain access to Qatar Airways' Al Safwa and Al Mourjan lounges in Doha, along with oneworld partner lounges, while Platinum members receive guaranteed economy-to-business class upgrades on Qatar-operated flights subject to availability and a five-segment minimum flown.[159] Family pooling allows Burgundy and Silver members to nominate up to four family members or friends to consolidate Avios earnings, a feature not extended to Gold or Platinum tiers.[160] In 2024, the Privilege Club Collection was introduced, enabling members to redeem Avios for tickets to sports, entertainment, and lifestyle events, expanding beyond traditional travel rewards.[161] Avios can be redeemed for award flights on Qatar Airways and over 50 partner airlines including oneworld members, with dynamic pricing determining required points based on route, cabin class, and demand rather than fixed charts; for example, a one-way economy award from Doha to London might require 20,000–30,000 Avios plus taxes.[162] Other redemption options include cabin upgrades, extra baggage, hotel stays via partnerships, and purchases at Qatar Duty Free, with a Cash + Avios payment flexibility introduced to offset points shortfalls.[163] A 2022 partnership with Visa facilitates earning Avios on card spends and seamless redemptions, while oneworld integration allows status matching and mileage crediting across the alliance.[164] Program changes, such as those effective July 1, 2016, adjusted earning rates and introduced Qpoints for status qualification to better align rewards with flown distance and fare class.[165] In July 2025, Privilege Club Pro was launched as a subscription add-on, providing monthly Avios deposits for members seeking consistent earning without flying.[166]Airport lounges and ground services
Qatar Airways maintains several premium lounges at Hamad International Airport (HIA) in Doha, its primary hub, catering to First and Business Class passengers as well as eligible members of its Privilege Club loyalty program and the oneworld alliance. The Al Safwa First Class Lounge, located on Level 3 of the terminal, offers exclusive access to passengers traveling in First Class on Qatar Airways-operated flights, Privilege Club Platinum members flying in Business Class, and certain invited guests; it spans multiple zones including a 250-seat à la carte restaurant serving international cuisines, a duty-free boutique, a media room with private screening pods, Qspa treatment rooms, and a thermal jacuzzi for relaxation.[167][168] The lounge operates 24 hours a day to accommodate varying flight schedules and emphasizes privacy with dedicated quiet areas and concierge services.[169] Complementing this, the Al Mourjan Business Lounge provides access to Business Class passengers on Qatar Airways flights and oneworld Emerald or Sapphire tier members, regardless of cabin class; divided into South and North sections on Level 3, it covers over 10,000 square meters and accommodates up to 1,000 guests with features such as multi-level seating, buffet and à la carte dining outlets offering global dishes, 24 quiet sleep pods, seven spa treatment rooms, a fitness studio, and views of the terminal's central garden.[170][171] An extension, the Al Mourjan Garden Lounge, opened in the north terminal expansion around 2024 and overlooks the airport's Orchard garden, incorporating garden-themed relaxation zones and additional wellness facilities.[172][173] Qatar Airways also operates arrival lounges airside and landside at HIA for First and Business Class inbound passengers, providing showers, buffets, workstations, and expedited immigration processing.[174] Beyond Doha, Qatar Airways does not operate its own branded lounges in most destinations but leverages its oneworld membership for reciprocal access to over 700 partner lounges worldwide, subject to travel class, elite status, or paid entry where available; eligibility prioritizes Business or First Class tickets or high-tier status like Emerald for premium facilities.[175] Privilege Club Gold and Platinum members receive additional lounge privileges at select partner airports, including priority access during peak times.[176] Qatar Airways' ground services are managed through its subsidiary Qatar Aviation Services (QAS), which handles operations at HIA for the airline and more than 45 other carriers. QAS oversees passenger processing, including check-in, boarding, and special assistance; baggage handling with automated sorting systems; ramp services such as aircraft loading/unloading of cargo and provisions; and equipment maintenance for pushback, towing, and lavatory servicing to ensure efficient turnarounds.[177][62] These services support high-volume operations, with QAS employing specialized teams for VIP, charter, and general aviation handling, contributing to HIA's capacity for over 50 million passengers annually as of recent expansions.[68][178]Awards and Recognition
Major industry accolades
Qatar Airways has received numerous accolades from Skytrax, an independent UK-based research organization that conducts annual passenger satisfaction surveys. In 2025, it was named the World's Best Airline for a record ninth time, based on a global survey of over 100 airlines involving more than 13 million passenger questionnaires completed between September 2023 and May 2025.[7][6] The airline also secured World's Best Business Class and Best Airline in the Middle East in the same awards, with its Al Mourjan Business Lounge recognized as the World's Best Business Class Lounge.[179][180] Prior Skytrax wins for World's Best Airline include 2011, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2024, and 2025, marking consistent high rankings in categories such as cabin service and product quality.[181] In 2024, Qatar Airways again topped the overall ranking, outperforming Singapore Airlines and Emirates, with additional honors for World's Best Business Class and World's Best First Class.[182] These awards stem from voter evaluations of factors including seat comfort, staff service, and onboard catering, though critics note potential influences from high-frequency routes and marketing efforts on survey participation.[183] Beyond Skytrax, Qatar Airways' Qsuite business class product was named in Forbes Travel Guide's 2025 Verified Air Travel Awards for excellence in premium cabin experience.[184] The airline has also earned regional distinctions, such as Best Airline in the Middle East annually since 2015 per Skytrax, reflecting strengths in hub operations at Hamad International Airport.[185][186]Service quality rankings and peer comparisons
Qatar Airways has consistently ranked among the top global airlines in passenger satisfaction surveys, particularly in premium service categories. In the 2025 Skytrax World Airline Awards, based on a survey of over 100 nationalities evaluating aspects such as cabin staff service, onboard products, and in-flight entertainment, Qatar Airways was named the World's Best Airline for the ninth time, ahead of Singapore Airlines in second place and Emirates in fourth.[187] [188] The airline also secured first place for World's Best Business Class, reflecting strengths in seat configuration and privacy features like the Qsuite product.[6] In peer comparisons within the Middle East, Qatar Airways outperformed rivals in the 2024 Skytrax regional rankings, taking first place as the Best Airline in the Middle East, with Emirates in second and Etihad Airways unranked in the top 10.[189] Against Asian competitors, Qatar edged out Singapore Airlines in the overall 2025 Skytrax standings, though Singapore led in cabin crew service, highlighting Qatar's edge in product innovation over interpersonal service metrics.[187] Alternative evaluations, such as AirlineRatings' 2025 assessment incorporating product quality, fleet age, and staff feedback, placed Qatar second globally behind Korean Air, with Singapore fifth and Emirates sixth, indicating robust but not unchallenged service quality relative to diversified criteria beyond passenger votes.[190]| Ranking Body | Year | Qatar Position | Key Peers' Positions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skytrax World's Top 100 | 2025 | 1st | Singapore Airlines (2nd), Emirates (4th) |
| AirlineRatings World's Best | 2025 | 2nd | Korean Air (1st), Emirates (6th) |
| Skytrax Middle East | 2024 | 1st | Emirates (2nd), Etihad (not top 10) |