Reu

Reu (Hebrew: רְעוּ, Reʿu, meaning "friend") is a biblical patriarch mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as a descendant of Shem, the son of Noah, and part of the lineage leading to Abraham.^[1]^[2] He is described in the genealogy of post-Flood generations in Genesis 11:18–21 as the son of Peleg, born when Peleg was 30 years old, and the father of Serug, whom he begot at age 32.^[3] After fathering Serug, Reu lived an additional 207 years, fathering other sons and daughters, and died at the age of 239.^[3] Reu's name appears in the parallel genealogical account in 1 Chronicles 1:25, reinforcing his position in the ancestral line from Shem through Peleg to Serug.^[1] In the New Testament, he is referenced in the Gospel of Luke's genealogy of Jesus, tracing Joseph's lineage back through "the son of Reu, the son of Peleg" (Luke 3:35), thus linking him to the broader Christian scriptural tradition.^[4] Beyond these brief mentions, no additional narratives or deeds are attributed to Reu in canonical texts, highlighting his role primarily as a connective figure in the patriarchal genealogy.^[1]

Biblical Account

Genealogy in Genesis

In the Book of Genesis, Reu appears as a key figure in the post-Flood genealogy tracing the lineage from Shem, the son of Noah, to Terah, the father of Abraham. This genealogy, detailed in Genesis 11:10-26, serves as a transitional narrative bridging the antediluvian (pre-Flood) world described in earlier chapters to the patriarchal era, emphasizing the continuity of humanity through the line of Shem amid the repopulation of the earth after the deluge. The section forms part of the broader "Table of Nations" framework in Genesis 10-11, which outlines the dispersion and diversification of peoples from Noah's sons, with chapter 11 focusing specifically on the Semitic line leading to the covenant with Abraham. Reu is positioned as the son of Peleg, born when Peleg was thirty years old, as stated in Genesis 11:18: "And Peleg lived thirty years, and begat Reu." In turn, Reu becomes the father of Serug, with the text noting in Genesis 11:20-21: "And Reu lived two and thirty years, and begat Serug: And Reu lived after he begat Serug two hundred and seven years, and begat sons and daughters." This places Reu sixth in the sequence from Shem: Shem begat Arphaxad, who begat Salah, who begat Eber, who begat Peleg, who begat Reu, who begat Serug, followed by Nahor, Terah, and ultimately Abraham. The genealogy spans exactly ten generations from Shem to Abraham, underscoring a compressed timeline compared to the longer-lived antediluvian patriarchs, and highlighting divine providence in preserving the messianic line. As Abraham's great-great-grandfather—through the intermediary generations of Serug, Nahor, and Terah—Reu represents a pivotal link in the ancestral chain that sets the stage for the Abrahamic covenant in Genesis 12. This lineage not only authenticates Abraham's Semitic heritage but also illustrates the theological theme of election, where God selects this specific branch from Noah's descendants to fulfill promises of blessing and land.

Lifespan and Descendants

Reu, positioned as the son of Peleg in the Shemite lineage, is described in the Book of Genesis as having a total lifespan of 239 years. Genesis 11:20 records that Reu fathered his son Serug at the age of 32. Following the birth of Serug, Reu lived for an additional 207 years and also had other sons and daughters, as noted in Genesis 11:21. Traditional biblical chronologies, including Archbishop James Ussher's framework, place Reu's life approximately between 2200 and 2000 BCE, aligning with the period of early post-Babel dispersion in ancient Near Eastern history.^[5]

Etymology and Name

Hebrew Origin and Meaning

The name Reu (Hebrew: רְעוּ, Reʾu) derives from the Hebrew root רע (rʿ), specifically the noun רֵעַ (rēaʿ), which signifies "friend," "companion," or "associate." This etymological connection underscores a core meaning centered on interpersonal relationships and mutual support within communal structures.^[6]^[7] A secondary connotation arises from the related verb רָעָה (rāʿâ), which carries dual senses of "to associate with" or "to pasture/shepherd," potentially evoking imagery of guidance or communal herding in an agrarian context. This polysemy reflects the interconnectedness of social and pastoral roles in ancient Hebrew lexicon, where terms for companionship could overlap with those for tending flocks.^[8]^[9] Scholars interpret names like Reu as emblematic of social bonds in ancient Near Eastern onomastics, where personal names often encoded relational ideals amid emerging post-Flood tribal formations. Such naming practices prioritized themes of alliance and kinship to reinforce group cohesion in a repopulating world.^[10] Reu appears in the biblical genealogy as a link between Peleg and Serug, further emphasizing his role in tracing ancestral lines. Unlike many contemporaneous biblical names that incorporate theophoric elements (e.g., references to El or Yahweh), Reu lacks any divine component, highlighting instead a secular emphasis on human relational dynamics. This distinction aligns with broader patterns in early postdiluvian nomenclature, focusing on earthly ties rather than explicit theological assertions.^[6]

Variants in Ancient Translations

In the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible completed in the third to second centuries BCE, Reu's name from Genesis 11:18–21 is transliterated as Ῥαγαύ (Rhagaú), commonly rendered in English as Ragau, to approximate the phonetic qualities of the Hebrew רְעוּ (Rəʿū) within Greek linguistic norms. This adaptation reflects the common practice of rendering the Hebrew ayin (ע) as gamma (γ) in Greek, as seen in other names like Gaza. The Latin Vulgate, translated by Jerome in the late fourth century CE, retains the form Reu for the name in Genesis 11:18–21, preserving a close fidelity to the Hebrew while employing Latin orthography without additional phonetic adjustments.^[11] This straightforward transliteration facilitated its adoption in Western Christian traditions. The Greek variant Ragau exerted influence on early Christian and Jewish exegesis, notably appearing in the New Testament's genealogy of Jesus in Luke 3:35 and echoed in patristic texts such as those of Eusebius of Caesarea, where it underscores the continuity of Abrahamic lineage. In contrast, the Samaritan Pentateuch and Aramaic Targums exhibit only minor orthographic variations, such as subtle shifts in vowel pointing or script rendering (e.g., consistent use of רעו in Samaritan paleo-Hebrew), without altering the name's essential form or introducing semantic differences.^[12]

Mentions in Later Traditions

New Testament Reference

In the Gospel of Luke, Reu appears in the genealogy of Jesus as recorded in Luke 3:35, where he is identified as "the son of Peleg, the son of Eber," forming part of the lineage tracing backward from Jesus through David, Abraham, and ultimately to Adam. This placement positions Reu as an ancestral link in the post-Flood generations descending from Shem, paralleling the sequence found in Genesis 11. Luke's genealogy serves a distinct theological purpose by connecting Jesus to the universal human family through Adam, in contrast to the Gospel of Matthew's focus on the royal Judahite line from Abraham to David. Reu, lacking any narrative elaboration beyond his genealogical role, functions primarily as one of the intermediate figures in this comprehensive 77-generation schema from Adam to Christ, underscoring the continuity of God's redemptive plan across history. Theologically, Reu's inclusion reinforces Jesus' universal salvific mission, portraying him as the second Adam who restores humanity's relationship with God for all nations, thereby echoing the Abrahamic promises and Genesis themes of blessing extending beyond Israel.

In Josephus and Other Ancient Sources

In Flavius Josephus' Jewish Antiquities (Book 1, Chapter 6), Reu appears as Ragau in the post-Flood genealogy of Shem's line, positioned between Peleg and Serug.^[13] Josephus records that Peleg (Phaleg) fathered Ragau at the age of 130, and Ragau in turn fathered Serug at age 130, aligning with the Septuagint tradition's chronology rather than the shorter Masoretic figures.^[13] This placement situates Ragau's lifetime amid the dispersion of nations following the Tower of Babel event, during which Peleg's generation marked the "division of the earth," and early settlements emerged among the Arphaxadites, identified as the progenitors of the Chaldeans.^[13] References to Reu in other ancient sources remain sparse and functional, serving primarily as chronological anchors without narrative elaboration. In Eusebius of Caesarea's Chronicle (Book 1), Reu is depicted using the Hebrew textual chronology: he fathered Serug at age 32 and lived an additional 207 years, dying in the 78th year of Abraham's life, thus totaling 239 years.^[14] Eusebius provides no further details on Reu's actions, character, or legacy, treating him solely as a link in the patriarchal timeline from the Flood to the Abrahamic era.^[14] Similarly, no legendary or anecdotal expansions appear in these texts, underscoring Reu's role as a mere generational marker in ancient historiographical synchronizations.