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SPM

Carlos Coy (born October 5, 1970), better known by his stage name South Park Mexican (SPM), is an American rapper and record executive from Houston, Texas, who rose to prominence in the underground hip-hop scene through his independent label Dope House Records, which he founded in 1995, but whose career was halted by a 2002 conviction for aggravated sexual assault of a child.^[1] Drawing his moniker from the South Park neighborhood where he grew up, Coy produced and released multiple albums featuring gritty narratives of street life, family struggles, and Chicano culture, gaining a dedicated following in the Southwest rap community despite limited mainstream exposure.^[1] His entrepreneurial efforts built Dope House into a key player in Latin-owned independent music, fostering collaborations with regional artists and emphasizing DIY distribution in an era before widespread digital platforms.^[2] However, in 2002, Coy was arrested on charges stemming from allegations by multiple underage girls, culminating in a guilty verdict for the 2001 assault of a nine-year-old relative of his daughter; he received a 45-year sentence without parole eligibility until after serving half the term, a ruling upheld on appeal.^[3]^[3] Recent parole hearings in 2024 and 2025 denied release, citing the severity of the offense and institutional records, extending consideration to at least 2028.^[3]^[4] While supporters have petitioned for clemency arguing evidentiary issues in the trial, court records and victim testimonies formed the basis of the conviction, reflecting the case's enduring impact on his legacy amid ongoing debates in hip-hop circles.^[3]

Places

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Saint Pierre and Miquelon is a French overseas collectivity comprising a small archipelago located in the North Atlantic Ocean, approximately 25 kilometers (16 miles) south of Newfoundland, Canada. It consists of eight islands, with the main inhabited ones being Saint Pierre (the capital island), Miquelon (including Langlade), and smaller islets like Grand Renoir and Île-aux-Marins. The territory covers a total land area of 242 square kilometers (93 square miles), characterized by a temperate maritime climate with frequent fog, strong winds, and rocky terrain supporting limited agriculture and forestry. First settled by French fishermen and Basque mariners in the early 17th century, it represents the last remnant of France's once-extensive colonial holdings in North America following territorial exchanges with Britain, notably after the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 and its confirmation as French territory in 1816. The population of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is estimated at approximately 5,600 as of 2025, with the vast majority residing on Saint Pierre Island and a smaller community on Miquelon-Langlade; the islands experience net emigration due to limited economic opportunities, resulting in a stable but aging demographic predominantly of French and Basque descent.^[5] Administratively, it operates as a collectivité d'outre-mer with a prefect appointed by the French government serving as representative, alongside a locally elected Territorial Council and a president; residents hold full French citizenship, vote in French national elections, and send one deputy to the French National Assembly, while the territory uses the euro as currency but maintains a distinct status outside the Schengen Area and EU customs union as an Overseas Country and Territory (OCT).^[6] The economy relies heavily on public sector employment, tourism, and fisheries, though the 1992 Canadian cod moratorium severely impacted traditional deep-sea fishing, prompting diversification into fish processing, aquaculture, and services for regional maritime traffic; construction and retail trade have grown with EU-funded infrastructure projects aimed at enhancing attractiveness and employment.^[6] Unemployment remains elevated, and the territory benefits from French subsidies covering much of its budget, with limited natural resources beyond its exclusive economic zone rich in seafood and potential offshore hydrocarbons.^[7] France maintains treaty-based fishing rights in adjacent waters, though access has diminished post-moratorium via arbitration rulings.^[8]

Organizations

Somali Patriotic Movement

The Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM) was a major clan-based political and military faction during the initial phases of the Somali Civil War, primarily drawing support from Ogaden sub-clans within the Darod clan family. It formed in April 1989 following a mutiny by Ogadeni soldiers in Kismayo, triggered by President Siad Barre's dismissal of Ogaden Defense Minister Aden Abdullahi Nur Gabiyo and subsequent arrests of Ogaden officers, which heightened clan grievances over resource access in the Juba Valley.^[9] Initial leadership fell to General Bashir Beliliqo, Gabiyo's brother-in-law, who commanded early operations against Barre's forces.^[9] The SPM's primary objectives centered on overthrowing Barre's regime, which Ogaden elements viewed as favoring rival Darod sub-clans like the Marehan, and addressing perceived marginalization within the military and pastoral economy.^[9] Some factions pursued irredentist aims to reclaim the Ethiopian Ogaden region, conflicting with Barre's 1988 peace accord with Ethiopia that ceded Somali claims.^[10] Colonel Ahmed Omar Jess emerged as a pivotal commander after defecting from the Somali National Army in June 1989 with troops from Hargeisa, briefly aligning with the Somali National Movement before consolidating SPM control in southern Somalia.^[9]^[10] By early 1990, the group expanded operations into Bay and Lower Juba regions, coordinating joint offensives with the United Somali Congress and Somali National Movement by October 1990 to pressure Barre's collapse.^[9]^[11] Post-Barre, in 1991, the SPM allied with General Mohamed Farah Aidid's Habar Gidir faction of the United Somali Congress to seize Kismayo from Somali National Front forces under General Mohamed Said Hersi Morgan, capturing the port city and engaging in retaliatory clan violence, including the December 19, 1992, massacres targeting non-Ogaden groups that contributed to regional famine exacerbation.^[10] Jess's SPM faction formalized ties with Aidid in the Somali National Alliance on August 12, 1992, focusing on southern territorial control, including Gedo and Jubba valleys.^[11] Internal fractures emerged along sub-clan lines, with Jess aligning against Morgan while Adan Abdullahi Nur Gabeeyow (former Barre defense minister) sided with the Somali National Front, leading to clashes in Lower Jubba as late as January 1993.^[11] Kenyan support initially bolstered Gabeeyow's branch, but shifting alliances eroded SPM cohesion.^[11] By June 1994, Jess signed a neutrality pact with Aidid to counter Morgan, but escalating inter-clan fighting and independent elder reconciliations—such as those between Ogaden Aulihan and rival Marehan—diminished the faction's viability.^[10] Jess's SPM-Ogaden branch effectively ceased independent operations by 1994, integrating into broader alliances or dissolving amid localized truces, while the Harti-aligned SPM variant persisted marginally until around 2003 before fading into clan-based militias.^[10] The movement's legacy involved significant territorial gains in the south but also deepened clan divisions, contributing to Somalia's prolonged fragmentation without establishing lasting governance structures.^[11]

Education

Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia

The Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM), or Malaysian Certificate of Education, serves as the primary national examination certifying the completion of secondary education for students in Form 5, typically aged 16 to 17. Administered centrally by the Malaysian Examinations Syndicate (Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia) under the Ministry of Education, it evaluates proficiency across a range of subjects essential for academic progression, vocational training, or entry-level employment.^[12] The examination aligns with the national curriculum, emphasizing foundational skills in language, mathematics, history, and sciences, while allowing specialization through electives.^[13] Introduced as part of Malaysia's post-independence education reforms to standardize secondary assessment beyond the colonial-era system, the SPM has evolved to reflect national priorities, including the integration of Malay-medium instruction following the 1970s shift from English-medium schools.^[13] Key modifications include designating History as a must-pass subject alongside Bahasa Melayu starting in 2013, with a required credit (grades A+ to C) in Bahasa Melayu and a pass (A+ to E) in History for overall certification.^[14] English became compulsory without a pass requirement for certification, though proficiency influences further opportunities. From 2021, the exam adopted a revised format under the Secondary School Standard Curriculum (Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah, KSSM), incorporating school-based assessments alongside written papers to better align with competency-based learning.^[13] Core subjects mandatory for all candidates include Bahasa Melayu, English Language, History, Mathematics, and either Moral Studies or Religious Studies (Islamic or non-Islamic based on background). Science subjects like Basic Biology, Chemistry, and Physics are often required in science streams, while arts or technical streams offer electives such as Principles of Accounting, Commerce, or Computer Science. Students typically sit for 8 to 12 subjects, selected based on their academic track.^[15] The grading scale ranges from A+ (highest achievement) to G (fail), employing a relative normalization system where results reflect cohort performance rather than absolute scores, with GP (Gred Pontuan) values assigned for aggregation (e.g., A+ = 6 points, C = 2 points).^[16] The SPM holds critical gatekeeping function in Malaysia's education system, determining eligibility for pre-university programs like STPM or matriculation, as well as public university admissions via the Unified Examination Entry system, which prioritizes SPM aggregates in key subjects. High achievers (e.g., 5A+ or better) often secure scholarships or exemptions in higher education, while minimum passes enable access to vocational certificates. Exams occur annually from late November to mid-December, with results released around April, as announced by the Ministry for the 2024 cohort on April 24.^[13] Despite its rigor, the exam's relative grading has drawn critiques for variability year-to-year, though it remains a verifiable benchmark of secondary attainment.^[15]

Science and Computing

Statistical Parametric Mapping

Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) is a statistical framework and associated software package designed for the analysis of neuroimaging data, enabling inference on regionally specific effects in brain images from modalities such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography (EEG).^[17]^[18] It employs a general linear model to characterize data as a linear combination of explanatory variables plus error, facilitating voxel-wise statistical testing across the brain volume.^[19] The approach assumes Gaussian distributed errors and uses parametric statistics to generate maps of test statistics, such as t or F values, thresholded for significance to identify activated regions.^[20] The development of SPM originated in the early 1990s under Karl Friston at the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University College London, building on prior work in functional imaging analysis.^[21] The first publication explicitly introducing "statistical parametric mapping" appeared in 1990, proposing it as a method for hypothesis testing in PET data via spatially extended statistical processes.^[22] By 1991, Friston formalized the core SPM project, which evolved into an open-source MATLAB-based toolbox, with versions like SPM8 and later iterations supporting diverse imaging sequences from single subjects or cohorts.^[17] This progression addressed challenges in handling temporal correlations and multiple comparisons inherent in high-dimensional brain data.^[21] Core principles of SPM involve preprocessing steps like spatial normalization, smoothing, and high-pass filtering to mitigate noise and align images to a standard template, followed by model specification and inference.^[23] Inference proceeds via classical hypothesis testing, correcting for multiple comparisons using family-wise error rates or false discovery rates, though critiques highlight potential over-reliance on parametric assumptions, such as normality, which may falter in low-variance voxels or nonuniform sampling scenarios.^[24]^[25] Empirical validation through simulations and real datasets has supported its robustness for detecting task-related activations, but users must verify assumptions via diagnostics like residual analysis.^[20] Applications span cognitive neuroscience, clinical studies of disorders like Alzheimer's or schizophrenia, and extensions to biomechanics for one-dimensional time-series data, such as gait analysis, where SPM tests continuous waveforms without discretizing into discrete phases.^[18]^[26] In neuroimaging, it underpins group-level analyses to correlate brain activity with behavioral or genetic variables, with over 100,000 citations in peer-reviewed literature reflecting its widespread adoption.^[27] Despite extensions, primary utility remains in functional imaging, where causal interpretations require caution due to correlational nature absent interventional designs.^[23]

Suspended Particulate Matter

Suspended particulate matter (SPM), also referred to as total suspended particulates (TSP), comprises a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the atmosphere that can be captured by standard high-volume air samplers without a specific size cutoff.^[28] These particles include a wide range of sizes, from coarse dust exceeding 10 micrometers in diameter to finer aerosols below 2.5 micrometers, though SPM is often operationally defined as encompassing particles up to approximately 10 micrometers that remain airborne rather than settling quickly.^[29] Unlike regulated fine particulate matter (PM2.5) or inhalable coarse particles (PM10), SPM measurement historically captures the total mass of ambient particulates, reflecting broader atmospheric loading before modern size-selective standards were adopted by agencies like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the 1980s.^[30] Primary sources of SPM include natural processes such as wind-blown soil, pollen release, sea spray, and volcanic eruptions, alongside anthropogenic contributions from fossil fuel combustion in vehicles and power plants, industrial emissions, construction dust, and biomass burning.^[30] Secondary SPM forms through atmospheric reactions, where gaseous precursors like sulfur dioxide and volatile organic compounds condense or react to produce sulfate and nitrate aerosols.^[31] Composition varies by source and location but typically involves inorganic components (e.g., sulfates, nitrates, metals like lead or iron), organic matter (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from incomplete combustion), and crustal materials (e.g., silica, aluminum oxides); urban areas often show higher proportions of carbon-rich soot, while rural settings feature more biogenic particles.^[32] SPM is measured using gravimetric methods, such as high-volume samplers that draw air through filters at rates of 1.13 to 1.7 cubic meters per minute, collecting particulates for subsequent weighing to determine mass concentration in micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³).^[33] Equivalent automated techniques include beta-ray attenuation monitors and tapered element oscillating microbalances (TEOM), which provide real-time mass readings by detecting changes in filter oscillation or radiation absorption, though these require calibration against reference gravimetric data for accuracy.^[34] Sampling occurs over 24-hour periods to average diurnal variations, with U.S. EPA historical standards for TSP setting an annual mean limit of 75 μg/m³ until phased out in favor of PM10 standards by 1997 due to TSP's inclusion of non-inhalable coarse fractions irrelevant to health risks.^[35] Exposure to elevated SPM concentrations is associated with adverse health outcomes, including exacerbated respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), reduced lung function, and increased cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction.^[36] Cohort studies, including those analyzing U.S. data from the 1980s-1990s, report correlations between short-term SPM spikes and excess mortality, with risk ratios rising 1-2% per 10 μg/m³ increment in daily averages, though confounding factors like co-pollutants and socioeconomic variables complicate isolating causal effects.^[37] Fine components within SPM penetrate deep into alveoli, triggering inflammation via oxidative stress and cytokine release, while coarser particles irritate upper airways; vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly, show heightened sensitivity, as evidenced by elevated hospitalization rates during pollution episodes in cities like London (1952) and Beijing (ongoing monitoring).^[38]^[39] Regulations now prioritize PM2.5 and PM10 over SPM metrics, with EPA annual standards at 9 μg/m³ for PM2.5 as of 2024, reflecting empirical evidence that smaller particles drive most systemic health burdens despite SPM's utility in tracking total emissions.^[40]

Business and Industry

Sales Performance Management

Sales Performance Management (SPM) encompasses the systematic processes, tools, and strategies employed by organizations to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of sales teams, focusing on aligning individual and team activities with revenue objectives through goal setting, performance monitoring, coaching, and incentive structures.^[41] This approach integrates planning, execution, and analytics to bridge gaps between sales targets and actual outcomes, enabling leaders to identify underperformance early and implement corrective measures.^[42] Unlike ad hoc sales oversight, SPM emphasizes data-driven decision-making to optimize resource allocation and foster sustainable growth.^[43] Core components of SPM include sales planning, which involves territory optimization and quota assignment to ensure balanced workloads and realistic targets; incentive compensation management, where pay structures are designed to motivate behaviors aligned with business priorities; performance analytics for tracking metrics like pipeline velocity and win rates; and coaching mechanisms to develop skills through targeted training.^[44]^[45] Sales forecasting and benchmarking further support these elements by providing predictive insights into future performance based on historical data and market trends.^[46] Empirical research underscores the causal links in these components, such as field managers' monitoring enhancing salespeople's emotional intelligence and interpersonal skills, which in turn mediate improved sales results.^[47] SPM practices have evolved from early 20th-century performance optimization efforts rooted in industrial efficiency principles to modern, technology-enabled systems that leverage real-time data and automation for dynamic adjustments.^[48] This progression reflects a shift from static annual reviews to continuous feedback loops, incorporating software for automated quota modeling and predictive analytics, which allow organizations to adapt to volatile market conditions more effectively.^[49] Adopting SPM yields measurable benefits, including higher quota attainment rates and reduced sales cycle times, as evidenced by studies showing that sales managers allocating more time to coaching rather than administrative tasks directly boosts team productivity.^[50] Research also identifies best practices distinguishing top performers, such as emphasizing persuasive communication, production focus, and managerial oversight, which correlate with superior outcomes across sales roles.^[51] Tools like specialized SPM platforms facilitate these practices by integrating CRM data with compensation modeling, though their efficacy depends on accurate input data and organizational alignment to avoid misaligned incentives.^[44]

Single Point Mooring

A single point mooring (SPM), also referred to as a single buoy mooring (SBM), is an offshore anchoring system comprising a buoy fixed to the seabed that serves as a single attachment point for vessels, such as tankers, enabling them to weathervane—rotate freely around the buoy in response to prevailing winds, waves, and currents—while facilitating the transfer of liquid cargoes like crude oil or petroleum products via hoses connected to subsea pipelines or floating storage units.^[52]^[53] This configuration eliminates the need for fixed jetties or harbors, allowing operations in deep or exposed waters where conventional port infrastructure is impractical.^[54] SPM systems originated in the mid-20th century as a solution for efficient offshore oil loading, with the first catenary anchor leg mooring (CALM)—a prevalent SPM variant—installed in Sweden as an oil loading facility adhering to single point principles.^[55] Their adoption expanded in the 1970s alongside floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) units, driven by the need to access remote deepwater fields and mitigate port congestion from very large crude carriers (VLCCs) exceeding 200,000 deadweight tons (DWT).^[54] Today, SPMs support global oil and gas logistics, handling billions of barrels annually, particularly in regions like the North Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Southeast Asia.^[56] Key components of an SPM include the buoy hull, typically a steel cylinder or turret 10–20 meters in diameter designed to withstand mooring loads up to 200 tonnes; the anchoring system, consisting of catenary chains, wire ropes, or synthetic lines (e.g., polyester) connected to suction anchors, drag embeds, or piles driven 10–50 meters into the seabed; the product transfer system, featuring marine loading arms, floating hoses (up to 12-inch diameter for 5,000 cubic meters per hour flow rates), and swivels for 360-degree rotation without twisting; and ancillary elements like fenders, quick-release hooks, and radar reflectors for safety.^[57]^[58] The primary types are catenary anchor leg mooring (CALM), employing multiple horizontal or catenary-suspended legs from the buoy to seabed anchors, suitable for water depths of 20–200 meters and offering redundancy against single-line failures; and single anchor leg mooring (SALM), using a single taut or vertical leg (often a rigid riser or chain) for depths exceeding 300 meters, which provides higher vertical stability but less horizontal compliance.^[52]^[59] Less common variants include turret moorings integrated with FPSOs for dynamic positioning.^[54] SPMs excel in operational flexibility, enabling year-round access to deepwater sites (beyond 50 meters, where fixed structures falter) and reducing onshore infrastructure costs by up to 50% compared to jetties; they also minimize spill risks by isolating operations offshore and accommodate VLCCs that cannot enter shallow ports.^[53]^[60]^[61] However, they face challenges including vulnerability to extreme weather—limiting operations in waves over 4–6 meters or winds exceeding 20 knots—high initial installation costs (often $50–100 million per system), and maintenance demands from corrosion, fatigue in mooring lines (with chain replacements every 5–10 years), and hose degradation.^[53]^[62] Risks encompass vessel collisions (accounting for 30% of incidents), seabed scour undermining anchors, and transfer failures leading to spills, mitigated by emergency quick-release mechanisms, underbuoy breakaway couplings rated for 1,000–2,000 kN pull forces, and real-time monitoring via tension meters and environmental sensors.^[63]^[64] Design and operations adhere to standards from the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF), such as the 2025-updated guidelines for SPM hawser testing (minimum breaking load 1.5–2.0 times safe working load) and mooring procedures emphasizing crew training for hose handling; classification societies like the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) mandate fatigue analysis for 25-year service life under combined wind (up to 50 m/s), wave (Hs 10–15 m), and current (1–2 knots) loads, plus seismic considerations in prone areas.^[65]^[66] U.S. regulations under 33 CFR 149.650 require environmental durability and spill prevention, with periodic inspections ensuring mooring integrity factors above 1.67.^[67] These protocols have reduced incident rates, though failures like the 2010 Deepwater Horizon-related moorings underscore the need for robust causal analysis beyond regulatory compliance.^[68]

People

South Park Mexican

Carlos Coy (born October 5, 1970), better known by his stage name South Park Mexican (SPM), is an American rapper and record executive from Houston, Texas.^[69] His pseudonym derives from the South Park neighborhood where he grew up, a predominantly Hispanic area known for its socioeconomic challenges.^[1] Prior to his music career, Coy held low-wage jobs including at a chemical plant and as a door-to-door perfume salesman, and later engaged in crack cocaine distribution.^[70] Coy entered the hip-hop scene in 1994, debuting under the SPM moniker the following year.^[70] In 1995, he co-founded Dope House Records with his brother Arthur Coy and associate Juan Sotomayor, an independent label focused on Southern hip-hop and Chicano rap artists from Houston's underground circuit.^[70] The label distributed his early mixtapes and albums, which featured themes of street life, hustling, and regional pride, gaining a cult following in Texas and beyond without major label support. Key releases include Hustle Town (1998), The 3rd Wish: To Rock the World (1999), and Never Change (2001), which emphasized raw production and bilingual lyrics blending English and Spanish.^[71] Post-incarceration efforts by Dope House continued sporadic releases attributed to SPM, such as When Devils Strike (2006) and The Son of Norma (2013), often compiled from unreleased material or collaborations.^[72] In February 2002, Coy was arrested and charged with two counts of aggravated sexual assault of a child under Texas Penal Code § 22.021, involving a nine-year-old female relative.^[73] Following a jury trial in Harris County, he was convicted on May 30, 2002, and sentenced to 45 years in prison without parole eligibility until serving half the term.^[74] The conviction stemmed from testimony alleging assaults occurring between 1997 and 2000 at Coy's residence; defense claims of fabrication were rejected by the jury and upheld on direct appeal, with the Texas First Court of Appeals affirming the verdict in 2003 based on sufficient evidence including victim statements and corroboration.^[73] Subsequent habeas corpus petitions, including a 2007 federal filing, were denied for lack of merit.^[75] Coy has consistently proclaimed his innocence through label statements and supporters, attributing the case to false accusations amid his rising fame, though no exonerating evidence has altered the judicial outcome.^[76] As of January 13, 2025, Coy remains incarcerated at the Wallace Pack Unit in Texas, having been denied parole after 23 years served; his next review is scheduled for 2028.^[76] Dope House Records persists under family management, maintaining SPM's catalog availability on streaming platforms and issuing occasional archival projects, sustaining a niche fanbase despite the legal fallout.^[72]

Other Uses

Super Pursuit Mode

Super Pursuit Mode (SPM) refers to a fictional high-speed transformation capability of the Knight Industries Two Thousand (K.I.T.T.), the self-driving Pontiac Trans Am featured as the protagonist vehicle in the American television series Knight Rider, which aired from 1982 to 1986. Debuting in the fourth-season premiere episode "Knight of the Juggernaut," broadcast on October 4, 1985, SPM was engineered by the Foundation for Law and Government (F.L.A.G.) to equip K.I.T.T. for escalated pursuit scenarios against heavily armed adversaries, such as the episode's Juggernaut monster truck. The mode enhances K.I.T.T.'s aerodynamics and power output through structural modifications, enabling sustained high-velocity chases that exceed the vehicle's standard performance envelope of approximately 300 mph.^[77] Activation occurs via a dedicated dashboard button pressed by K.I.T.T.'s primary operator, Michael Knight, prompting hydraulic or mechanical extensions including pop-out side wings for stability, a deployable rear spoiler for downforce, and a raised front bumper assembly to optimize airflow and traction. These alterations reduce drag coefficients while integrating with K.I.T.T.'s existing turbojet-assisted propulsion, oil-slick dispensers, and computer-controlled suspension, allowing for abrupt acceleration—demonstrated in episodes as surging from 70 mph to over 100 mph in seconds—and improved braking via a roof-mounted emergency flap that generates aerodynamic resistance akin to air brakes on high-performance aircraft. SPM also incorporates heat dissipation vents to manage engine thermal loads during prolonged operation, reflecting the series' portrayal of K.I.T.T. as a molecularly bonded shell with reinforced titanium micro-lattice for durability under extreme stresses.^[77]^[78] In the series' narrative, SPM represented an evolutionary upgrade amid rising threats, with K.I.T.T.'s onboard AI voice-actor, William Daniels, announcing "Super Pursuit Mode activated" during deployment, often synchronized with the theme's synth motifs for dramatic effect. Production utilized modified 1983 Pontiac Firebird SE coupes supplied by General Motors, customized by automotive designer George Barris; close-up hero cars featured functional flaps and intakes powered by hydraulics, while stunt vehicles employed fixed body kits for practicality. Post-series, original SPM-configured K.I.T.T.s were dismantled or crushed due to wear and contractual obligations, though functional replicas—incorporating LED scanners, smoke effects, and partial transformations—have appeared in auctions, such as a 2018 sale of a Barris-built example, and fan restorations using modern aftermarket parts for exhibitions.^[77]^[78]

References

[1]
SPM Artist Profile - AAE Music
South Park Mexican (born Carlos Coy, October 5, 1970 in Houston, Texas) is a rapper whose stage name is derived from the South Park neighborhood in which he ...
[2]
SPM - YouTube
Established in 1995 by rap artist Carlos Coy (also known as South Park Mexican, or SPM) in Houston, TX, Dope House Records is one of the largest Latin-owned ...Missing: person | Show results with:person
[3]
South Park Mexican up for parole after 23 years in prison - MySA
Jul 7, 2024 · Texas rapper, sex offender South Park Mexican up for parole in October · He was sentenced for the sexual assault of a 9-year-old girl. · Who is ...
[4]
Houston rapper, South Park Mexican was denied parole ... - Facebook
Jan 15, 2025 · After more than two decades behind bars, Carlos Coy, also known as SPM, was denied parole by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
[5]
Saint Pierre & Miquelon Population (2025) - Worldometer
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2025 population is estimated at 5,574 people at mid-year. Saint Pierre and Miquelon population is equivalent to 0.000068% of the total ...
[6]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon - International Partnerships
The EU is a long-standing partner in the economic restructuring of the island. EU actions have contributed to improving the attractiveness of the territory, ...
[7]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | AFD
Its economy is dominated by the construction industry, services and trade. Saint Pierre and Miquelon has been severely hit by the deep-sea fishing crisis, ...Missing: relations | Show results with:relations
[8]
Why was St-Pierre-Miquelon targeted by both Donald Trump and a ...
May 21, 2025 · Despite historic treaty-based rights, France's access to fishing grounds declined after Canada's 1992 cod moratorium and an arbitration ruling ...
[9]
None
### Summary of the Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM)
[10]
[PDF] Warlords of the Somali Civil War (1988-1995) - DTIC
Apr 1, 2015 · The Somali. National Front, the Somali Patriotic Movement and the United Somali Congress are the three factions the aforementioned leaders led.
[11]
Somalia: Civil War, Intervention and Withdrawal 1990 - 1995
By 1990, the Ogadeen, fearing that they might go down with the regime, also decided to create their own 'opposition' front, the Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM) ...
[12]
MyGOV | Seating for Public Exam for Secondary Schools
The Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) examination is the national main examination, administered centrally and is conducted at the end of secondary education. SPM ...
[13]
Education in Malaysia - WENR
Jan 6, 2023 · This overview of current educational trends in Malaysia features information about the country's education system, student mobility trends, ...
[14]
A Glance At The Malaysian Education System - StudyMalaysia.com
Jun 25, 2024 · Along with Bahasa Malaysia, History has been made a must-pass subject in the SPM examination from 2013. English has also been made a compulsory ...
[15]
The Basics of SPM & IGCSE - Superprof
Rating 5.0 (6) Jan 31, 2023 · SPM and IGCSE have their own grading system. The grades ... Students who opt to sit for SPM is required to take six compulsory subjects:.
[16]
An Overview of PMR and SPM Exams - MyPrivateTutor Malaysia
The Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) exams are taken by the students of the 5th year of secondary school. This examination, more commonly known as the Malaysian ...
[17]
SPM - Statistical Parametric Mapping
The SPM software package has been designed for the analysis of brain imaging data sequences. The sequences can be a series of images from different cohorts, or ...Documentation · Software · SPM8 · SPM Installation with MATLAB
[18]
Statistical Parametric Mapping - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is defined as a statistical method for analyzing variations in brain activity during functional neuroimaging ...Introduction to Statistical... · Theoretical Foundations and...
[19]
Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear ...
Statistical parametric maps are spatially extended statistical processes that are used to test hypotheses about regionally specific effects in neuroimaging data ...
[20]
Introduction to Statistical Parametric Mapping
Statistical parametric mapping entails the construction of spatially extended statistical processes to test hypotheses about regionally specific effects ( ...
[21]
SPM: A history - PMC - PubMed Central
Karl Friston began the SPM project around 1991. The rest is history. Keywords: SPM, History. Introduction. Much has already been said about the history of ...
[22]
From mapping to explaining brain function: the generative ...
Sep 10, 2025 · The first paper to use the phrase “statistical parametric mapping” was published by Friston et al. in 1990 (Friston et al. 1990). It was ...
[23]
Statistical Parametric Mapping - ScienceDirect.com
This book provides the background and methodology for the analysis of all types of brain imaging data, from functional magnetic resonance imaging to ...
[24]
The problem of low variance voxels in statistical parametric mapping
The statistical parametric mapping (SPM) approach to the analysis of neuroimaging data rests upon the application of frequentist statistics to reject a null ...Missing: criticisms | Show results with:criticisms
[25]
On the validity of statistical parametric mapping for nonuniformly and ...
Jun 25, 2019 · It has been reported that statistical parametric mapping's (SPM's) probability values can be invalid for such cases. The purpose of this paper ...
[26]
Statistical parametric mapping of biomechanical one-dimensional ...
Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was originally developed for statistical inference on neuroimaging data where dependent variables are sampled on a large ...Missing: developers | Show results with:developers<|separator|>
[27]
Statistical parametric mapping: a catalyst for cognitive neuroscience
Aug 1, 2025 · Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) is a statistical framework and open source software package for neuroimaging data analysis.
[28]
[PDF] SECTION 13.0 - DEFINITIONS - EPA
"Total Suspended Particulate" means particulate matter as measured by the method described in Appendix B, 40 CFR 50. "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) ...
[29]
Definitions of PM 2.5 , SPM and PM 10 . SPM (Suspended particulate...
SPM (Suspended particulate matter) is defined as airborne particles with a diameter smaller than or equal to 10 μm. The U.S. EPA defines PM 10 (PM 2.5 ) as ...
[30]
Particulate Matter (PM) Basics | US EPA
May 30, 2025 · PM stands for particulate matter (also called particle pollution): the term for a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air.
[31]
Suspended Particulate Matter - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
TSP, or total suspended particulate matter (SPM), is defined as particulate contaminants in aquatic systems that can transport heavy metals and vary in ...
[32]
Suspended Particulate Matter - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
The three major characteristics of particulate pollutants in the ambient atmosphere are total mass concentration, size distribution, and chemical composition.
[33]
Appendix B to Part 50, Title 40 -- Reference Method for the ... - eCFR
The concentration of total suspended particulate matter in the ambient air is computed as the mass of collected particles divided by the volume of air sampled, ...
[34]
[PDF] Continuous Measurements of PM10 Suspended Particulate Matter ...
Sampling options for PM10 compliance monitoring fall into two categories: "reference" methods and. "equivalent" methods. This Chapter, IO-1, "Continuous ...
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One definition might come from the comparison of the nature of suspended ... suspended particulate matter requires control of secondary source gases and vapors.<|separator|>
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May 23, 2025 · Numerous scientific studies have linked particle pollution exposure to a variety of problems, including: premature death in people with heart ...
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Observed health effects include increased respiratory symptoms, decreased lung function, increased hospitalizations and other health care visits.
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An update on adverse health effects from exposure to PM 2.5
Additionally, PM suspended in the atmosphere significantly alters air quality, influences climate change, and damages human health (Gen et al., 2022).
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Effects of atmospheric suspended particulate matter on the immune ...
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the air triggers immune system responses, which in turn determines a wide range of diseases based on chronic inflammation.
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Aug 25, 2025 · Particulate matter (PM) is one of the air pollutants regulated by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).(PM) Basics · Contact Us about Particulate... · Setting and Reviewing...
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What is Sales Performance Management (SPM)? - CaptivateIQ
Sales performance management (SPM) is a combination of processes, plans and resources that enable sales leaders to sufficiently monitor and improve sales ...
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What Is Sales Performance Management (SPM)? Everything you ...
May 9, 2025 · There are several key elements of SPM, each of which aims to fuse the gaps between a sales team's planning, execution, and measurable outcomes.
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What is Sales Performance Management? - NiCE
Key components of sales performance management include: Goal setting and planning: This involves setting clear sales targets and defining the strategies and ...
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What Do You Need to Know About Sales Performance Management?
Dec 17, 2024 · Key components of sales performance management · Sales planning · Sales coaching and training · Sales incentives and compensation · Sales analytics ...
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What is Sales Performance Management (SPM)? - Xactly
May 20, 2025 · The Core Components of Sales Performance Management · Sales Planning & Territory Optimization · Sales Performance Tracking & Benchmarking.
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Sales Performance Management Guide: Strategy, Tools, and Best ...
Jun 13, 2025 · Learn what sales performance management is, why it matters, key components, tools, and tips to improve team results. Actionable guide for ...1. Sales Planning And Quota... · 2. Sales Forecasting · Why Accurate Data Is Key For...Missing: benefits | Show results with:benefits
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(PDF) Pathways towards Sales Performance: Empirical Evidence on ...
Jun 8, 2023 · The findings of the study show that the emotional intelligence and interpersonal mentalizing skills of salespeople partially mediate the ...
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What Is Sales Performance Management? Benefits, How-tos, & Tips
Nov 30, 2023 · The three most common components of sales performance management software are territory management, quota management, and incentive compensation ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
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Oct 13, 2025 · Key components of sales performance management strategies today · Sales goals and benchmarks · Territory and account alignment · Activity tracking ...
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This practice raises questions about how sales managers' time allocation to managing and selling activities affects sales team performance. Building on ...
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Driving Sales Performance: 4 Research Driven Best Practices
Oct 14, 2025 · The findings reveal four practices that most consistently distinguish highly effective salespeople: Production, Persuasive, Management Focus, ...
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How Single Point Mooring (SPM) Offshore Operation Works?
Jun 17, 2019 · Single point mooring (SPM) is a floating buoy/jetty anchored offshore to allow the handling of liquid cargo such as petroleum products for tanker ships.Missing: history | Show results with:history
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What is Single Point Mooring of Ship and How Does it Work?
Sep 24, 2024 · A single-point mooring system is an offshore mooring arrangement where a floating vessel, such as a tanker, is anchored at a single point and yet still allows ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
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Single Point Mooring - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Single-point mooring (SPM) systems are designed to accommodate deep-draft tankers while they transfer crude oil and fuel oil to and from shore.
[55]
[PDF] 1977 Offshore Oil Loading Facilities - Sofec
The first oil loading facility built in accordance with the single point mooring principle was a Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring. It was installed in Sweden in ...
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A Single Point Mooring (SPM) Calm Buoy System is an offshore mooring point used to facilitate tankers loading or discharging various forms of liquid product ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition<|separator|>
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Nov 19, 2021 · The SPM system consists of four main components, namely, the body of the buoy, the anchoring and mooring components, the fluid transfer system ...
[58]
single point mooring ( spm ) calm buoy design and installation
The single point mooring (SPM) buoy consists of a cylindrical shaped hull buoy that is permanently connected to the seabed by means of multiple mooring chains.
[59]
SPM (Single Point Mooring) or SBM Operations - Cult of Sea
The two main types of mooring configurations for SPMs are Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) and Single Anchor Leg Mooring (SALM). CALM holds the buoy in ...
[60]
5 Benefits To Single Point Moorings - Stewart Technology Associates
Single point moorings are capable of handling extra-large vessels in a better capacity than certain loading docks and even certain anchor systems.Missing: disadvantages applications
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[PDF] Offshore Single Point Mooring Systems
The main environmental components examined are wind, wave, current, and seismic activity. The ocean floor and soil conditions at each site are also examined. In ...
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Jun 23, 2025 · They provide access to offshore oil and gas fields, enabling efficient extraction and transfer of resources 👍Operational Flexibility and ...
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Single Point Mooring (SPM) terminal typical hazards and risks to underbuoy operations due to vessel collision or extreme weather conditions.
[64]
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1.Risk of collision. One of the most common risks is a collision between a tanker or other random vessel and an SPM. · 2. Natural disasters · 3. Seabed ...Missing: disadvantages | Show results with:disadvantages
[65]
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Refer to Section 4-4-1 for requirements applicable to the safety equipment. 9. Swivel and Cargo Transfer Equipment. Swivel assemblies; foundations, seals and ...
[66]
OCIMF Updates Guidelines on Safe Single Point Mooring for Tankers
Mar 25, 2025 · Testing and specification of SPM hawsers is crucial for ensuring the hawsers have the required strength, durability and reliability to perform ...Missing: standards | Show results with:standards
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Each single point mooring and its attached hose must be designed for the protection of the environment and for durability under combined wind, wave, and current ...Missing: safety | Show results with:safety<|control11|><|separator|>
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Dec 15, 2022 · The main failures during the use of the single point mooring system are main bearing damage, anchor chain wear and breakage, rotating head ...
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South Park Mexican on Jango Radio | Full Bio, Songs, Videos
Carlos Coy (born October 5, 1970), better known by his stage name South Park Mexican, is an American rapper, founder of Dope House Records, and convicted felon.
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Coy started his musical career in 1994. One year later, he, his brother Arthur, and one of their friends founded Dope House Records. Coy debuted as South Park ...
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South Park Mexican - Spotify
Popular releases ; Smoking KillingLatest Release • Album ; Never Change2001 • Album ; When Devils Strike2006 • Album ; The 3rd Wish to Rock the World1999 • Album.
[73]
Coy, Carlos v. The State of Texas--Appeal from 351st District Court ...
Appellant Carlos Coy was charged with aggravated sexual assault of a child. The jury found appellant guilty and assessed punishment at 45 years confinement and ...
[74]
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Petitioner, Carlos Coy, is a person in state custody who brings this action seeking a Writ of Habeas Corpus (Docket Entry. No. 1). Pending before the court ...
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South Park Mexican denied parole after 23 years in prison - MySA
Jan 14, 2025 · Houston-area rapper and convicted sex offender South Park Mexican (SPM) denied parole on January 13. He is next eligible for parole in 2028.
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Knight Rider's Super Pursuit Mode KITT: What It Is And Whether It ...
Apr 6, 2022 · finished its life as a hypercar chasing slice of muscle that could overcome any obstacle. What Is 'Knight Rider' K.I.T.T's Super Pursuit Mode?
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Aug 3, 2018 · KITT #3 features functional flaps on its rear quarters that fold away from the car for extra braking power like a Bugatti Veyron. It also has a ...Missing: capabilities | Show results with:capabilities