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Salsa

Salsa ( for "sauce") most commonly refers to a variety of sauces or condiments originating in , particularly Mexican, used with tacos, chips, and other foods. It may also refer to a genre of music and associated partner dance that originated in in the 1960s among Afro-Caribbean communities, blending Cuban, Puerto Rican, and other influences.) For other uses, see the sections below.

Food and condiments

Salsa (sauce)

Salsa is a versatile or dip originating from , typically prepared with a base of chopped tomatoes, onions, chilies, and cilantro, often seasoned with juice, , and . The term "salsa" derives from the word for "," which itself comes from the Latin salsus, meaning "salted," reflecting its historical role as a seasoned . While rooted in , salsa has been adapted worldwide, appearing in various forms in Latin American dishes and international fusion cuisines, with its popularity surging in the United States by the late . The historical roots of salsa trace back to pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, including the and Mayans, who combined native ingredients like chilies, tomatoes, and squash seeds to create early versions of the sauce. colonizers encountered these mixtures upon arriving in the in the early 1500s and formalized the name "salsa" in written records by 1571, integrating European influences like onions while preserving elements. Over time, salsa evolved from a cooking staple in Mexican households to a table , with fresh and cooked varieties emerging to suit different culinary needs. In Mexican and broader , salsa serves primarily as a for tacos, enchiladas, and grilled meats, or as a paired with chips, enhancing flavors with its fresh, tangy profile. Common types include fresh salsas like —a chunky, uncooked mixture of diced tomatoes, onions, chilies, and cilantro, translating to "rooster's beak" in —and cooked versions simmered for deeper flavor. Variations range from mild to extremely spicy, depending on the type and quantity of chilies used, such as jalapeños or serranos, allowing customization to individual heat preferences. Regional adaptations include salsa roja (red, tomato-based) and (green, often tomatillo-based). Basic preparation involves finely chopping or grinding fresh ingredients, traditionally using a —a volcanic stone —to release oils and flavors from the chilies and herbs, though modern methods employ food processors for efficiency. Fresh salsas are assembled raw and served immediately to preserve vibrancy, while cooked salsas are briefly roasted or boiled to meld tastes and reduce acidity. These methods highlight salsa's simplicity and adaptability, making it a staple in both home and commercial kitchens.

Salsa Lizano

Salsa Lizano is a thin, tangy originating from , known for its versatile role in local cuisine. Developed in 1920 by bar owner Próspero Jiménez in , who collaborated with the Lizano company to produce it commercially, the sauce quickly became a staple in Costa Rican households. The sauce's composition features a blend of water, sugar, iodized salt, mixed vegetables including onions, carrots, , and cucumbers, along with , , spices such as and , modified , acetic acid, and . This creates a smooth, light brown liquid that is milder and thinner than traditional salsas, serving as a regional with a distinctive balance of flavors. In Costa Rican cooking, Salsa Lizano is commonly used to enhance dishes like , the national rice-and-beans meal, where it adds depth during preparation or as a finishing . It also functions as a table sauce for grilled meats, fried eggs, and vegetables, or as a marinade to impart subtle tanginess to and . Its mild heat from and , combined with sweet-sour notes from , , and , elevates everyday meals without overpowering them. Commercially, the Lizano company was acquired by Bestfoods in 1991, and Unilever took ownership in 2000 through its purchase of Bestfoods, leading to expanded production and international distribution. Today, it remains widely available across Central America and in export markets like the United States, where it is sold in supermarkets and online.

Salsa golf

Salsa golf is a creamy, cold sauce originating from , typically prepared by combining with or to create a pink-hued with a tangy, mildly sweet flavor. It was invented in the mid-1920s at the Club de Golf in , a coastal resort city, by Argentine biochemist , who later won the in 1970 for his work on sugar nucleotides. According to legend, Leloir mixed the ingredients while seeking a suitable for at the club, resulting in a that quickly gained popularity among diners. The basic recipe involves equal parts and , blended until smooth, though some preparations use for a less sweet profile. Variations often incorporate additional ingredients such as a dash of for depth, mustard for sharpness, or even a splash of like to enhance complexity, particularly in Peruvian adaptations. This simple yet versatile mixture yields a thick ideal for cold preparations, distinguishing it from spicier, tomato-based salsas. In Argentine cuisine, salsa golf serves primarily as a dressing for seafood dishes like prawns or king crab, fresh salads, and ensalada rusa—a potato and vegetable salad akin to Russian salad—adding a rich, creamy element to these coastal favorites. It holds cultural significance in Argentina's seaside regions, especially around Mar del Plata, where it embodies a lighthearted culinary innovation tied to leisure and social gatherings at resorts and clubs; often referred to as "pink sauce" or salsa rosada, it has become an iconic staple evoking summer traditions. The sauce's popularity extends beyond Argentina to neighboring Southern Cone countries like Uruguay, where it accompanies similar cold appetizers and salads, and further to Peru and other Latin American nations, though its Argentine roots remain central to its identity. This spread reflects broader Latin American preferences for creamy, mayonnaise-led condiments that blend influences with local tastes.

Music and dance

Salsa music

Salsa music originated in the 1960s in , primarily among Cuban and Puerto Rican immigrant communities in neighborhoods like Spanish Harlem and , where it evolved as a fusion of Cuban , , and elements of and Puerto Rican bomba and . The genre drew from earlier Afro-Cuban rhythms brought by migrants fleeing political upheavals in and economic challenges in , creating a vibrant urban sound that reflected the cultural of life. The term "salsa," meaning "" in Spanish to evoke its spicy, flavorful essence, was coined in the late 1960s by record producer of , which played a pivotal role in commercializing and branding the music through albums and live performances. At its core, salsa music is structured in 4/4 time, with the clave rhythm—a foundational two-bar pattern of alternating strong and weak beats—serving as the rhythmic backbone that synchronizes all instruments and vocals. Ensembles typically feature a horn section of trumpets and trombones for punchy, improvisational riffs, alongside piano montunos that provide syncopated, repeating chord progressions to build energy, and congas, timbales, and bongos driving the percussion. Vocals often employ a call-and-response format between the lead singer (sonero) and chorus, fostering an interactive, communal feel that encourages audience participation during live sets. Over time, salsa diversified into subgenres, with salsa dura representing the "hard" or traditional style of the , marked by aggressive, brass-dominated arrangements and fast tempos that emphasized dance-floor intensity. In contrast, salsa romántica emerged in the as a softer, ballad-oriented variant focusing on lyrical themes of love and emotion, often with slower rhythms and prominent string sections or synthesizers. Iconic figures like , whose vibraphone and timbale work bridged and early salsa, and , dubbed the "Queen of Salsa" for her powerful voice and hits like "," exemplified these styles and helped define the genre's golden era. Salsa's global reach expanded rapidly from its New York roots, particularly in the 1970s and 1980s, as it spread to —where cities like became salsa hubs with local adaptations—and , outselling other genres and inspiring a of artists. This period marked its peak popularity, influencing by incorporating salsa rhythms into broader hits and fostering fusions with and , while its energetic style continues to underpin partner dances worldwide.

Salsa dance

Salsa dance is a vibrant that emerged in the and within Latin American communities in , particularly among and Puerto Rican immigrants, evolving from earlier Afro- forms such as , , and cha-cha-chá. It draws heavily from , a circular partner style, and Puerto Rican cultural expressions, blending African rhythms with European dance structures to create a dynamic form emphasizing connection and . At its core, salsa is performed in 8-beat patterns, typically structured as quick-quick-slow steps over two measures of four beats each, with the leader and follower maintaining a close frame while incorporating pronounced hip movements—known as cubaneo—and frequent turns or spins to highlight rhythm and flair. These elements foster both linear (forward-backward) and circular motion, allowing for expressive body isolations where the upper body remains relatively stationary while the hips and legs drive the energy. The dance manifests in several major regional styles, each distinguished by timing, footwork, and partnering techniques. style, also called "on-2" or timing, breaks forward on the second beat of the measure, featuring linear footwork with precise, complex steps and an elegant, upright frame that emphasizes musical and dramatic gestures. In contrast, style, or "on-1," initiates the break on the first beat, promoting smoother, more acrobatic linear patterns influenced by and , with a sensual partnering hold that incorporates sways, dips, and lifts for theatrical expression. Cuban style, often danced as rueda de casino, revolves in circular patterns around the partner or in group formations led by a caller, using simpler footwork with taps on beats 4 and 8, flexible arm connections for push-pull dynamics, and strong hip isolations rather than intricate turns. Socially, salsa thrives in nightclubs and social dance scenes worldwide, where participants engage in free-form partnering to salsa music's clave rhythm, often inserting shines—solo footwork breaks for individual flair. Competitively, it features in international festivals and congresses, such as the annual World Salsa Summit in Florida, which since 2013 has offered divisions for professionals, amateurs, teams, and solos, awarding over $20,000 in prizes and drawing global dancers for workshops and performances. Advanced forms incorporate lifts and aerials, particularly in Los Angeles and performance-oriented variants, enhancing spectacle in team routines. From its 1960s and 1970s roots, salsa has globalized, fusing with styles like bachata or reggaetón in hybrids such as salsa choke, adapting to diverse cultural contexts while preserving its communal spirit. As of 2025, salsa continues to thrive worldwide through international festivals, new music releases, and fusions with modern genres, despite competition from rising styles like bachata.

Film and media

Salsa (1988 film)

Salsa is a 1988 American romantic drama film directed by and produced by Films, focusing on the world of competitive salsa dancing within the community in . The story centers on (played by Robby Rosa), a young Puerto Rican mechanic who works at an auto shop by day but dedicates his nights to salsa dancing, aspiring to win a major competition at the annual Puerto Rican festival. navigates personal challenges, including a budding romance with fellow dancer Lola (Moon Orona), tensions with his best friend Ken () over Ken's involvement with 's younger sister, and the demands of balancing his passion with family responsibilities. The film incorporates vibrant dance sequences choreographed by , showcasing authentic salsa moves and rhythms that highlight the cultural vibrancy of the characters' lives. The supporting cast includes as Luna, a dance instructor, alongside appearances by notable salsa musicians such as and , who perform in the film. The soundtrack features a mix of original and popular salsa tracks, including "Cali Pachanguero" by and "Margarita" by Wilkins, which underscore the energetic dance scenes and contribute to the film's rhythmic pulse. Released on May 6, 1988, Salsa was written by , Eli Tabor, and Tomás Benitez, with cinematography by David Gurfinkel, capturing the neon-lit nightlife and street culture of 1980s . Produced during the height of Cannon Films' output, it reflects the company's interest in low-budget, genre-driven stories that capitalized on emerging cultural trends. Critically, Salsa received mixed reviews, with a 20% approval rating on based on five critic scores, often faulted for clichéd dialogue, uneven acting, and a formulaic plot that veered into . However, it earned praise for its infectious dance choreography and the of its performers, particularly Rosa's energetic portrayal of , which helped launch his music career. Audience has been more positive, with a 79% score on from over 2,500 ratings, appreciated as a fun, nostalgic that celebrates heritage. The film faced criticism for perpetuating , such as the "exotic" portrayal of its characters through a somewhat outsider's lens, yet it contributed to greater visibility for salsa dancing and Puerto Rican culture in mainstream American cinema during the late . This era saw a surge in interest in forms, paralleling films like , though Salsa specifically spotlighted the Afro-Caribbean roots and communal spirit of the genre.

Salsa (2000 film)

Salsa is a 2000 French romantic comedy film directed by Joyce Buñuel, focusing on the passion for salsa music and dance amid a tale of identity and romance. The story centers on Rémi Bonnet, a 24-year-old classical pianist who abandons his traditional training to pursue his secret love for salsa, relocating to Paris where the dance thrives. To join a popular salsa band and win the heart of dancer Nathalie, Rémi disguises himself as a Latino named Mongo, leading to comedic mishaps, competitions, and eventual revelations that test their budding relationship. The film stars Vincent Lecoeur as Rémi, Christianne Gout as Nathalie, and features Cuban artists Alexis Valdés and Aurora Basnuevo, with music by the group providing an authentic salsa-infused soundtrack of original songs that blend Latin rhythms with European sensibilities. Directed by Buñuel in her signature light-hearted style, Salsa emphasizes vibrant choreography and live performances, showcasing salsa's energetic appeal through band scenes and dance sequences. Released on February 9, 2000, in , the film achieved moderate commercial success, appealing to audiences interested in music-driven stories, though specific figures are limited due to its nature. Critically, it received mixed reviews, praised for its infectious and cultural energy (earning a 6.2/10 on and 89% audience score on ) but critiqued for predictable plotting. The movie's themes explore cultural fusion, contrasting classical music traditions with the lively, immigrant-influenced world of salsa, highlighting themes of self-discovery and romance. It contributed to the early interest in in , helping bridge salsa's popularity beyond communities.

Brands and products

Salsa Cycles

Salsa Cycles is an American bicycle brand founded in the early 1980s in California by frame builder Ross Shafer, who initially focused on custom mountain bike frames and components during the burgeoning off-road cycling scene. The company emerged from Shafer's passion for durable, adventure-oriented designs, starting with a small operation that emphasized steel construction and innovative geometry suited for rugged terrain. By the mid-1990s, Salsa had established a reputation among early mountain bikers for reliable, handcrafted bikes that prioritized exploration over speed. In 1997, was acquired by (QBP), a Minnesota-based , which relocated the brand's to Bloomington and integrated it into a broader portfolio alongside sister brands like Surly and All-City. This shift allowed Salsa to scale production while maintaining its roots in enthusiast-driven design, leading to expansions in product lines and a stronger emphasis on . Under QBP's ownership, the brand has hosted rider events, supported custom frame builds through dealer networks, and fostered inclusive initiatives such as the Bikepacking Roots grant for underrepresented adventurers. Salsa's product range centers on and off-road bicycles, including touring models for long-distance , gravel bikes for mixed-surface routes, bikes for , and fat bikes for snow or navigation. The brand is renowned for its durable frames, which offer vibration and longevity, as seen in innovative designs like the Fargo—a versatile drop-bar off-road touring bike launched in 2008 that accommodates multiple wheel sizes and heavy loads for bikepacking. Other highlights include the gravel racer and the Beargrease fat bike, both pioneering carbon constructions that set industry benchmarks for lightweight durability in extreme conditions. Salsa occupies a niche in bikepacking and exploratory , appealing to riders seeking versatile machines for self-supported adventures across diverse terrains. Its focus on modular accessories, like cages and bags, enhances utility for multi-day trips, earning a within cycling subcultures for bikes that "go anywhere" without compromising ride quality. Models like the Fargo have become icons in this , symbolizing freedom and resilience for a dedicated community of gravel grinders and trail explorers.

Other uses

Salsa (grape)

Salsa is a white variety, primarily known as a synonym for Chasselas Cioutat, a of the ancient Chasselas Blanc within the . This is characterized by its distinctive parsley-like leaf shape, early ripening, and neutral flavor profile with subtle fruity notes, making it suitable for blending in light white wines or as a base for sparkling varieties. It exhibits moderate acidity and is often used for producing crisp, refreshing wines that highlight rather than varietal intensity. The grapes are medium-sized with green to golden skin when ripe, and the variety shows less vigor than standard Chasselas, with sensitivity to millerandage (uneven berry development). The variety has a long history in European viticulture, with over 90 synonyms indicating its antiquity, likely originating in as a natural mutation of Chasselas, one of the oldest cultivated grapes dating back potentially to times. It was bred and selected for its ornamental structure and early maturity, though not specifically for disease resistance in the modern sense; however, its inherent hardiness has allowed persistence in traditional plantings. Over time, Salsa has declined in popularity due to the rise of higher-quality alternatives, but it remains grown for bulk wine production and as a in limited areas. Occasionally, the grapes are harvested for fresh consumption, offering a mild, sweet taste. Salsa thrives in cooler climates due to its early bud burst and ripening, with no certified clones available yet, requiring careful viticultural management to mitigate and pressures. It is cultivated primarily in Western and Central Europe, including , , and (where it is known as Uva Salsa), but also appears in Eastern European countries like (as Saszla, a related Chasselas form) and the for both wine and table use. Small plantings exist in New World regions such as parts of the and , valued for its cold tolerance in marginal viticultural zones. In wine production, it yields , low-alcohol whites (typically 10-12% ABV) with green apple and citrus aromas, often blended to add freshness or used in entry-level sparkling wines.

SalSa (computing)

SalSa, or the Self-Adapting Large-scale Solver Architecture, is a computational project developed by the Innovative Computing Laboratory at the , Knoxville, aimed at automating the selection and tuning of numerical solvers for large-scale scientific simulations. Initiated in the early with significant advancements reported in 2006, it forms part of broader U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and (NSF) efforts to advance capabilities for complex scientific problems. The project addresses the challenge of choosing optimal algorithms for solving linear and nonlinear systems arising in (HPC) environments, reducing the need for expert intervention and enabling efficient scaling to massive parallel systems. Key components of SalSa include an framework that analyzes input data characteristics, a history database for learning from past runs, and metadata models to guide solver decisions, all integrated to support libraries like PETSc for parallel numerical computations. Designed for deployment on leadership-class supercomputers, such as the Blue Gene/P at , SalSa facilitates simulations in domains including climate modeling, biological systems, and physics-based phenomena like and electromagnetics. By employing techniques, such as decision trees and statistical analysis, it dynamically selects preconditioners and iterative methods tailored to the problem's sparsity and structure, optimizing performance on petascale architectures. The project has yielded advanced parallel algorithms that enhance solver robustness and efficiency, contributing to breakthroughs in areas like simulations for in and modeling of plasma behaviors. For instance, its heuristic-based selection mechanisms have improved rates in sparse linear systems common to these fields, allowing researchers to tackle previously intractable problems on facilities. SalSa's legacy extends into the 2010s exascale computing era, where its adaptive principles influenced modern HPC frameworks, including components of the DOE's , by promoting data-driven solver optimization for heterogeneous architectures and extreme-scale parallelism. These contributions underscore the shift toward intelligent, self-tuning software essential for sustaining scientific discovery at ever-larger scales.

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