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Segue

A segue (/ˈsɛɡweɪ/ SEG-way) is an uninterrupted transition from one musical section, topic, activity, or scene to another, often executed smoothly to maintain flow.^[1] The term originates from the Italian word segue, meaning "it follows," which is the third-person singular present indicative of seguire ("to follow"), ultimately derived from the Latin sequi ("to follow").^[2] First appearing in English around 1740 as a musical direction to proceed without pause, it evolved into a verb by circa 1913 and a noun by 1937, reflecting its adoption beyond notation.^[1] In music, a segue instructs performers to connect pieces seamlessly, avoiding breaks between movements or songs, as seen in compositions where themes blend continuously.^[1] This usage has extended to other fields, such as broadcast media, where it describes fluid shifts between segments in radio, television, or podcasts to sustain listener engagement.^[3] In everyday language, segue commonly refers to conversational pivots, like transitioning topics without awkward interruption, and has entered broader cultural contexts including writing, theater, and digital interfaces for smooth narrative progression.^[4] The word's pronunciation often leads to confusion with "Segway," the branded personal transporter, but they are etymologically unrelated, with segue rooted in Romance languages rather than modern invention.^[1] Its versatility underscores its role in emphasizing continuity, making it a staple term in creative and communicative arts.^[2]

Etymology and history

Origin of the term

The term "segue" derives from the Italian word segue, which is the third-person singular present indicative form of the verb seguire, meaning "to follow," ultimately tracing back to the Latin verb sequi, also meaning "to follow."^[2] In musical notation, it functions as a direction equivalent to the imperative "follow," instructing performers to proceed smoothly into the subsequent section without interruption.^[1] This Italian origin reflects the historical dominance of Italian terminology in Western classical music notation during the 18th century. The first recorded use of "segue" in English appears around 1740, as a musical direction in scores, specifically in a translation of a French musical dictionary where it was glossed as "it follows, or comes after." This early adoption marked its integration into English-language music publishing and performance practice, emphasizing continuity between movements or sections.^[1] By the mid-18th century, it had become a standard term in orchestral and operatic scores to guide seamless progression.^[2] In English, "segue" is pronounced /ˈsɛɡweɪ/ (SEG-way), preserving the approximate sound of its Italian roots, though the original Italian form segue is pronounced more closely as /ˈseɡwe/.^[5] It is related to the Italian musical term attacca, meaning "attack" or "attach," which also directs an immediate continuation to the next section without pause, similar to segue but often emphasizing a direct onset.^[6]^[1] Over time, the term began to extend beyond music into general English usage in the 20th century.^[3]

Evolution into modern usage

The term "segue," originating as an Italian musical direction meaning "follows," entered English in the mid-18th century through printed music scores, where it served as an imperative verb instructing performers to proceed without pause to the next section.^[1]^[7] For nearly two centuries, its usage remained confined primarily to musical contexts and performers, appearing in italics as a specialized term rather than integrated into everyday English.^[8] By the 1930s, "segue" began appearing in English without italics, marking its gradual shift toward broader application beyond music.^[3] Its popularization in American English accelerated during the 1950s and 1960s, particularly among radio disc jockeys who employed "segues" to describe seamless transitions between songs in the emerging Top 40 format, influencing colloquial speech by the 1970s.^[8]^[9] This evolution extended the noun form, first attested around 1937, and solidified the verb "to segue" by the mid-20th century, defined in dictionaries like Merriam-Webster as "to make a transition without interruption from one activity, topic, scene, or part to another."^[1]^[2] A common point of confusion arose in the late 20th and early 21st centuries with the trademarked name "Segway," a two-wheeled personal transporter developed by Dean Kamen and unveiled in 2001, though the trademark process began earlier around 1999.^[10] The identical pronunciation led many to misspell the transition term as "segway," despite their unrelated etymologies—"segue" from Italian "seguire" (to follow), and "Segway" as a coined brand name evoking forward movement.^[10]^[2]

Musical applications

Notation and performance directions

In music notation, segue serves as a directive to performers to transition immediately to the following section or movement without any pause or interruption, ensuring a continuous flow in the composition. This instruction is typically placed at the conclusion of a movement in multi-movement works, such as symphonies, sonatas, or suites, to prevent breaks that might disrupt the overall momentum.^[1]^[4] The term is largely synonymous with the Italian attacca, which also commands an immediate and seamless progression to the subsequent part, as if the sections were fused into a single entity.^[11] Both terms guide performers to omit ritardando, applause, or other conventional pauses, particularly in ensemble settings where precise timing is essential.^[12] This notation appears in sheet music across genres, including classical, jazz, and contemporary compositions, where it helps sustain rhythmic and emotional continuity in extended pieces. In classical works, for instance, it is employed to link movements fluidly, as seen in 18th-century scores by composers such as Mozart, who used phrases like "segue N:° 12" in autographs to denote direct progression between dance sections.^[13] Similarly, Haydn incorporated explicit segue directions in his String Quartets, Op. 50, to minimize pauses and enhance the work's structural cohesion.^[14] In jazz arrangements and contemporary scores, segue facilitates smooth modulations or shifts between improvisational segments and composed parts, adapting the classical convention to more fluid performance practices.^[15]

Examples in recordings and live settings

In studio recordings, segues often create a continuous narrative flow by linking tracks without abrupt stops or fades. A prominent example is The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), where the band intentionally eliminated gaps between songs and incorporated crossfades, such as the blend from "Good Morning Good Morning" into "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)" using multiple tape machines to achieve seamless transitions.^[16] This approach enhanced the album's conceptual unity, treating it as a unified performance rather than isolated tracks. Similarly, Frank Zappa's Freak Out! (1966) features experimental linking of pieces, such as the extended improvisational suite in "The Return of the Son of Monster Magnet," which connects disparate elements without traditional fades to evoke chaotic continuity.^[17] In live performances, segues facilitate dynamic shifts during jam sessions, allowing bands to extend improvisations or switch material fluidly. Jam bands like Phish exemplify this in extended sets, where tracks such as "Mike's Song" segue into "I Am Hydrogen" and then "Weekapaug Groove," building mammoth improvisational bridges that maintain momentum across 20-30 minutes or more.^[18] Rock ensembles like Little Feat also employ segues in live contexts, transitioning from "Cold, Cold, Cold" into "Dixie Chicken" through instrumental interplay that sustains energy without pauses.^[19] In Brazilian genres, samba roda and forró performances highlight fluid transitions inherent to their improvisatory nature; samba ensembles explore rhythmic variations in continuous play, often exceeding 20 minutes per set, while forró live shows blend baião, xote, and arrasta-pé into extended, genre-mixing sequences that prioritize communal flow over discrete songs.^[20]^[21] Modern examples in progressive rock and electronic music further illustrate segues for immersive experiences. Pink Floyd's The Wall (1979) uses seamless track connections, such as the direct flow from "The Happiest Days of Our Lives" into "Another Brick in the Wall, Part 2," to reinforce its rock opera structure and thematic continuity.^[22] In electronic mixes, DJs achieve segues through crossfading—gradually overlapping volumes of outgoing and incoming tracks—and key modulation, selecting compatible keys (e.g., mixing a track in 8A Camelot key to 9A for harmonic progression) to ensure smooth energy shifts, as seen in trance and EDM sets where long blends maintain dancefloor momentum.^[23] These techniques, rooted in performer directions like "segue," emphasize conceptual cohesion over isolated playback.

Broadcasting and media

Usage in radio and television

In radio broadcasting, a segue refers to the seamless transition between musical selections without interruption from announcements or commercials, allowing for continuous play that enhances listener engagement. This technique became prominent in the mid-20th century as disc jockeys adopted the term to describe flowing from one song to the next, particularly starting around 1958.^[8]^[24] The practice originated with the rise of Top 40 formats in the early 1950s, pioneered by stations like those owned by Todd Storz, which emphasized back-to-back hits to compete with television's growing dominance and maintain high time spent listening.^[25]^[26] In these formats, segues were optimized through careful song sequencing based on tempo, genre, and energy to create "forward flow," influencing continuous music radio and boosting ratings in genres like Adult Contemporary and pop.^[26] In television production, segues facilitate smooth shifts between scenes, advertisements, or program segments, often using crossfades or brief music cues to avoid jarring cuts and sustain narrative momentum. This approach is essential in structured shows, where transitions must align audio and visual elements precisely, such as backtiming music to end with video segments.^[27] For instance, in news broadcasts, anchors employ segues to move from weather reports to sports coverage, incorporating short music bumpers or stingers to signal the change and maintain viewer retention.^[28] In sports media, announcers use segues to transition fluidly from live play-by-play commentary to post-action analysis or highlight reels, ensuring uninterrupted excitement without abrupt pauses. This is exemplified in ESPN's SportsCenter during the 1990s, where hosts like Dan Patrick and Keith Olbermann explicitly called out "Segue!" to connect lead-ins to video highlights, blending precise timing with witty phrasing to elevate the broadcast's rhythm and critique traditional TV grammar.^[29] Such techniques, honed in radio-to-TV crossovers, have shaped modern sports announcing by prioritizing seamless storytelling over segmented delivery.

Techniques for seamless transitions

In broadcasting, audio techniques for seamless segues prioritize continuity to maintain listener engagement without disruption. Crossfading involves gradually reducing the volume of one audio track while simultaneously increasing another, creating a smooth overlap that blends elements like music or dialogue. This method is particularly effective in radio for transitioning between songs or segments, often without requiring precise beat alignment, as broadcasters typically aim for natural flow rather than club-style mixing. Sound bridging extends this by overlapping ambient noises or recurring motifs, such as crowd sounds from a sports report carrying into a related interview, to provide auditory continuity across content types. These approaches were notably adopted by radio DJs in the 1950s to enhance program pacing during the rise of formatted music shows. Beat-matching, while less common in traditional radio than in live DJ sets, synchronizes the tempos of adjacent tracks—typically measured in beats per minute (BPM)—to ensure rhythmic alignment during transitions, preventing abrupt tempo shifts that could jar listeners. In music-heavy broadcasts, this technique allows for extended overlaps where percussion or bass lines from one piece harmonize with the next, fostering a cohesive playlist experience. Visual techniques in television complement audio segues by aligning imagery with narrative flow. Quick cuts, or match-on-action edits, transition between shots by completing an action in one scene and initiating its visual echo in the next, such as a door closing in a studio segment cutting to an exterior view. Dissolves provide a softer overlap, where the end of one shot gradually fades into the start of another, often used to denote time passage or subtle scene changes in news broadcasts. Thematic overlaps, exemplified by graphic match cuts, carry visual motifs forward—like a spinning wheel in a report dissolving into a rotating globe—to reinforce conceptual links without halting momentum. Software and equipment enable precise execution of these techniques in professional broadcasting workflows. Digital audio workstations (DAWs) like Avid Pro Tools facilitate segues through automation playlists, which allow editors to program volume fades, pan adjustments, and parameter changes with sample-accurate timing for broadcast compliance. In radio, automation tools such as ProppFrexx ONAIR or Radiologik integrate crossfading and playlist scheduling, enabling seamless track overlaps via customizable fade durations and artist separation rules to avoid repetition. These systems support both live mixing consoles and pre-built rotations, ensuring transitions adhere to strict timing standards like those in automated syndication. Challenges in achieving seamless segues often center on timing synchronization, which varies significantly between live and pre-recorded broadcasts. In live environments, such as sports events, clock drift between audio and video sources can accumulate, leading to lip-sync discrepancies up to 125 milliseconds if unaddressed, exacerbated by real-time processing delays in IP-based systems. Pre-recorded content mitigates this through post-production adjustments using timecode standards like SMPTE, but live segues demand on-the-fly corrections via genlock or wordclock synchronization to prevent jarring shifts. For instance, mismatched ambient bridging in live radio may result from unpredictable event durations, requiring broadcasters to employ delay buffers or precision protocols like PTPv2 to maintain alignment.

Broader applications

In speech and conversation

In speech and conversation, a segue denotes a fluid transition from one topic or idea to another without interruption, allowing dialogue to proceed naturally.^[1] This verbal technique mirrors a seamless shift, often facilitated by discourse markers that signal the change to listeners.^[30] Common transitional phrases enable such segues, including "that reminds me," "speaking of which," or "by the way," which subtly redirect the conversation while preserving its momentum.^[31] In everyday interactions, for example, a discussion of travel experiences might segue into food recommendations through a linking remark like "And the cuisine there was exceptional—speaking of which, you should try the local spot downtown," keeping the exchange engaging and cohesive. In public speaking, segues serve as rhetorical bridges to connect sections of a speech or debate, maintaining audience attention by avoiding abrupt jumps.^[32] Speakers employ techniques such as thematic linkages or forward-pointing phrases to guide listeners, ensuring the presentation feels unified and purposeful.^[33] Psychologically, segues contribute to conversational flow and rapport by functioning as discourse markers that provide cues for coherence, helping participants anticipate and follow the direction of ideas.^[34] Communication research underscores their role in realizing interpersonal and affective stances, fostering mutual understanding and social connection in spoken exchanges.^[35]

In writing and other performances

In writing, a segue refers to a smooth transition that connects ideas, paragraphs, or chapters without disrupting the narrative flow, often achieved through linking sentences or phrases that bridge themes logically.^[36] For instance, in essays and novels, writers employ transitional phrases such as "this leads to" or "in a similar vein" to shift from one concept to another, ensuring coherence and guiding the reader seamlessly.^[37] This technique enhances readability by avoiding abrupt changes, much like how verbal segues maintain conversational rhythm, though in written form it allows for more deliberate crafting.^[1] In fiction, segues manifest prominently in narrative techniques like stream-of-consciousness, where thoughts flow uninterrupted to mimic the mind's natural progression, eliminating traditional breaks between ideas. A classic example appears in James Joyce's Ulysses, where Leopold Bloom's internal monologue transitions fluidly from sensory observations to reflections, creating an immersive, unbroken experience for the reader.^[38] In non-fiction, such as essays or blog posts, segues often pivot from personal anecdotes to broader analysis; for example, a writer might conclude a story with "This experience illustrates the broader challenge of..." to link individual narrative to thematic discussion, making abstract points more relatable.^[39] In theatrical performances and stand-up comedy, segues facilitate seamless shifts between acts, scenes, or comedic bits, preserving momentum without pauses that could break audience engagement. In plays, directors use creative elements like dance or prop manipulation to transition scenes, as seen in productions of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, where fairies guide shifts between lovers' pursuits, blending action and mood fluidly.^[40] Similarly, stand-up comedians craft verbal bridges between jokes, such as tying a punchline's theme to the next setup, to maintain a continuous rhythm in their routine.^[41] In digital interfaces, the term segue describes smooth transitions between screens or views in user interface design, particularly in mobile app development, to enhance user experience by maintaining narrative or interactive flow. For example, in Apple's iOS development using UIKit, a segue defines the transition between view controllers, allowing developers to create custom animations for seamless navigation.^[42] Stylistic advice for effective segues emphasizes natural integration over artificial contrivances, urging writers and performers to prioritize logical or thematic connections that align with the overall structure. Forced transitions, such as overly explicit phrases like "now moving on to," can feel mechanical and disrupt immersion, so experts recommend testing for organic flow by reading aloud or rehearsing.^[43] Instead, aim for subtlety—relying on shared motifs or evolving character insights—to foster coherence and elevate the work's impact.^[44]

References

[1]
SEGUE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
1. to proceed without pause from one musical number or theme to another 2. to make a transition without interruption from one activity, topic, scene, or part ...
[2]
Segue - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
Originating from Italian segue (1740), from Latin sequi meaning "to follow," the word means a musical instruction to continue smoothly to the next section.
[3]
segue, n. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English Dictionary
The earliest known use of the noun segue is in the 1930s. OED's earliest evidence for segue is from 1937, in a dictionary by L. Lewis.<|control11|><|separator|>
[4]
SEGUE Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
verb · (often foll by into) to proceed from one section or piece of music to another without a break · (imperative) play on without pause: a musical direction.
[5]
segue verb - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes
Word OriginItalian, literally 'follows'. Definitions on the go. Look up any word in the dictionary offline, anytime, anywhere with the Oxford Advanced Learner's ...
[6]
Italian Musical Terms - Music Theory
assai, assai, very, eg: allegro assai = very fast ; attacca, attacca, go straight on, Indicates an immediate move to the next section of music.
[7]
segue, v. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English Dictionary
OED's earliest evidence for segue is from 1740, in a dictionary by James Grassineau. segue is a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Italian segue, seguire.
[8]
Old vocabulary “segueing” into new vocabulary - Michigan Public
Apr 13, 2014 · “But for almost 200 years, it's used primarily as an Italian term, to refer to proceeding from one movement to another in a musical piece ...
[9]
American DJ's of the 1960s - Nostalgia Central
Murray the K made radio history with his innovative segues, jingles, sound effects, antics, and frenetic, creative programming. Kaufman died of cancer a week ...
[10]
Which way: 'segue' or 'segway'? - Merriam-Webster
This segue was adopted into English from Italian, where segue means "there follows." The other segway is actually a trademark: it refers to a motorized, two ...Missing: entry 18th century
[11]
Segway - Wikipedia
The name is a registered trademark of Segway Inc. It was brought to market in 2001 as the Segway HT, and then subsequently as the Segway PT. HT is an ...Segway Inc. · Dean Kamen · Personal transporter
[12]
ATTACCA | RogerEvansOnline.com
Aug 23, 2010 · The Italian word segue has been used in music scores since at least operas of ... The word attacca is a synonym. In a review of the final ...
[13]
Attacca - Musical Dictionary | Music Terms Made Simple
The term “attacca” originates from the Italian word meaning “attack” or “begin.” Its use dates back to the Baroque era when composers sought more cohesive ...
[14]
[PDF] ORCHESTRAL WORKS - DME Mozarteum
the direction “segue N:° 12.” in the autograph notation of the Trio of No. 6: Mozart had obviously combined both series of dances, changing the order in the ...
[15]
String Quartets, Op.50 (Haydn, Joseph) - IMSLP
String Quartets, Op.50 (Haydn, Joseph) ; 6 quartets · 1787 · Quartets; For 2 violins, viola, cello; Scores featuring the violin; [6 more...] ...Missing: segue direction
[16]
[PDF] Musical terms and directions for performance - Trinity College London
occurs at any part of a piece, it signifies that the music is to be repeated ... Segue. Then follows, i.e. go on with what comes next. Sentimento. Sentiment.
[17]
Mixing: Sgt Pepper crossfades, Good Morning Good Morning
The Beatles wished for there to be no gaps, or rills, between the Sgt Pepper songs. Furthermore, they wished to have two crossfades from one song to another ...
[18]
'Freak Out!': Frank Zappa's Masterclass In Mischief - uDiscover Music
Nov 6, 2020 · Welcome to the twisted realm of Frank Zappa and 'Freak Out!,' the double-LP that unleashed his cohorts the Mothers of Invention.
[19]
Phish Live in Brooklyn - All About Jazz
Aug 20, 2006 · Some may find problematic the predictability in the mammoth segues such as "Mike's Song, serving as a bridge to "I am Hydrogen, then on to " ...Missing: examples | Show results with:examples
[20]
Little Feat: Live in Holland 1976 - All About Jazz
Jun 14, 2014 · As the group segues from "Cold Cold Cold" into "Dixie Chicken," Barrere and Payne engage in some interplay that suggests there's more ...
[21]
[PDF] performing samba - IDEALS
improvisatory character common to live performances, exploring the many possibilities for playing samba on this ensemble. Among the songs recorded in the ...
[22]
[PDF] music, migrancy, and modernity: a study of brazilian forró by adriana ...
live performance of a particular set of musical genres. The genres that I am considering as part of Forró are baião, xote, arrasta-pé, xaxado, coco and forró.
[23]
The Wall by Pink Floyd (Album, Rock Opera) - Rate Your Music
Rating 3.8 (58,420) · 30-day returnsDecember 1978 - November 1979 · 3.83 / 5.00.5 from 58,420 ratings · #5 for 1979, #316 overall · Rock Opera, Art Rock · Symphonic Rock, Progressive Rock.
[24]
How to DJ Trance Music - We Are Crossfader
Discover the fundamentals of mixing trance music. Master long blends, EQ, harmonic mixing and creative FX to make your transitions seamless.
[25]
Glossary of Radio Broadcasting Terms - S - Radio Connection
Segue (Pronounced seg-way) – moving from one musical selection to another without any announcing or interruption. Share – The number of persons who listened to ...Missing: 20th | Show results with:20th
[26]
'Something in the Air' and the Rise of Radio - NPR
Jan 31, 2007 · In the early 1950s, a young Nebraskan reinvented radio by hiring charismatic DJs to spin the same 40 hits. Radio has never been the same.
[27]
Super Song Segues: Creating & Maintaining 'Forward Flow' In Music ...
from the Italian segue [se:ɡwe], which means 'follows' — is what Wikipedia calls 'a smooth transition from one topic or section...
[28]
Bumps and Segues - Videomaker
In general, it defines a smooth transition from one segment to another – or one song to another. In the dance club environment, you'd hear a segue as a ...
[29]
Music Bumpers and Stingers (+ Examples) - Soundscape.io
It is a short music passage played to denote transitions in videos, news broadcasts (TV and radio), and podcasts. TV News broadcasts use music bumpers cutting ...
[30]
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/segue
[31]
Segue - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
A segue is a smooth transition. When you segue in conversation, you change the topic so smoothly that people might not even notice.
[32]
Mastering an English Homophone: Segue vs Segway - Verbling
May 11, 2016 · Common phrases that signal a segue in conversation include "by the way...", "that reminds me...", and "speaking of topic, have you heard/seen ...
[33]
Speech transitions: words and phrases to connect your ideas
Jun 28, 2018 · Speech transitions are words and phrases that allow you to smoothly move from one point to another so that your speech flows and your presentation is unified.
[34]
10 Tips for Using a Segue in Public Speaking - HubPages
Sep 6, 2022 · A segue (pronounced "seg-way") is a smooth transition in a speech from one topic to another without confusing the audience as to why the transition was made.
[35]
[PDF] The Impact of Discourse Markers on Conversational Coherence
Nov 3, 2022 · Although the absence of discourse markers does not alter the well-formedness of a sentence, they hinder the significant clues that the listener ...
[36]
[PDF] INTERPERSONAL AND AFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN ...
As illustrated, discourse markers are employed for linguistic realization of the interpersonal and affective stances of speech participants during social ...
[37]
None
### Summary of Transitions, Segues, and Signals in Writing
[38]
Using Transitional Words and Phrases - UW-Madison Writing Center
Transitional words and phrases can create powerful links between ideas in your paper and can help your reader understand the logic of your paper.
[39]
Stream of Consciousness - Definition and Examples | LitCharts
Stream of consciousness is a style or technique of writing that tries to capture the natural flow of a character's extended thought process.
[40]
How to Write an Anecdote: Bring Your Nonfiction to Life - Jerry Jenkins
Knowing how to write an anecdote lets you utilize the power of story with your nonfiction and engage your reader from the first page.
[41]
7.8: Lesson 7- Crosses and Transitions
### Summary of Transitions in Theater from 7.8: Lesson 7- Crosses and Transitions
[42]
Comedy Terms
Definition: POVs (Points of View): Key elements in stand-up comedy ... segue. Transitional sentences or phrases that lead joke to the next joke or routines ...
[43]
Transitions | Explorations of Style
Feb 23, 2011 · 1. Avoid unclear reference. · 2. Avoid unnecessary transition words. · 3. Avoid the mere appearance of causality. · 4. Use transition words to ...
[44]
The Rules of Using Transition Statements And Words In Essays
Transitions preserve logical flow, connect ideas, and should not require explanation. Avoid forcing transitions, and use common transitions as a last resort.