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The Baseball Network

The Baseball Network was a short-lived American television broadcasting joint venture between Major League Baseball (MLB), the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), which produced and aired regular-season and postseason MLB games from 1994 to 1995 under a revenue-sharing model that eliminated traditional rights fees.^[1]^[2] Announced in May 1993, the partnership aimed to maximize advertising revenue by having MLB directly produce broadcasts, with ABC and NBC each contributing $10 million in startup costs for a planned six-year deal, under which MLB would retain 88 percent of profits in the first two years while the networks split the remainder.^[1] The network debuted with the 1994 All-Star Game on NBC on July 12, followed by the regular-season launch on July 16 with ABC's "Baseball Night in America," a prime-time program at 8 p.m. EDT featuring up to 13 simultaneous regionalized games, where viewers saw a mix of live action from a primary "hub" matchup and cut-ins or highlights from others, coordinated from a central control room.^[2] ABC handled the first six weeks of broadcasts starting in mid-July, with NBC taking the next six weeks from late August, enforcing strict exclusivity by blacking out local telecasts and non-competing games to prioritize national revenue.^[2]^[3] The venture faced immediate challenges, including technical complexities in switching between games and criticism for limiting fan access through blackouts and inflexible scheduling that often ended coverage after nine innings, even if games extended longer.^[2]^[3] The 1994 MLB players' strike, beginning August 12, canceled the remainder of the season, including the World Series, and generated only $130 million in ad revenue by early September—far short of the $330 million annual target—leaving networks with minimal financial risk but MLB bearing the losses.^[1] In 1995, despite resuming operations with similar formats and regionalized postseason coverage for the League Championship Series, low viewership, ongoing fan alienation from the restrictive model, and disputes over revenue allocation led ABC and NBC to withdraw from the partnership on June 23, effectively ending The Baseball Network by August 15.^[4]^[5]^[3] The failure prompted MLB to overhaul its television strategy, securing a $1.7 billion, five-year deal in November 1995 with Fox, NBC, ESPN, and others, restoring rights fees and more traditional broadcasting arrangements that boosted team revenues to $12 million each annually.^[3]^[6]

Formation and Background

Origins in Television Contracts

The evolution of Major League Baseball's (MLB) national television contracts began in the 1960s, marking a shift from localized broadcasts to a unified national package. In 1965, MLB awarded NBC a three-year deal worth $30.6 million for the 1966-1968 seasons, providing each of the 20 teams with $300,000 annually to air a Saturday "Game of the Week," the league's first comprehensive national television agreement. This contract followed years of fragmented coverage, where individual teams negotiated local deals, and it aimed to boost visibility amid growing competition from other sports like the NFL.^[7] By the 1970s and 1980s, MLB's TV rights expanded significantly through partnerships with ABC and NBC, which alternated coverage of regular-season games, the All-Star Game, playoffs, and World Series. A pivotal 1983 agreement between MLB, ABC, and NBC established a six-year package valued at over $1.1 billion, with the networks sharing postseason broadcasts and ABC focusing on Monday Night Baseball while NBC handled the Game of the Week. These deals generated substantial revenue but also introduced complexities like divided exclusivity, as cable networks began fragmenting audiences with regional games.^[8] The landscape shifted dramatically in December 1988 when CBS secured exclusive national rights for 1990-1993 in a four-year, $1.06 billion contract, averaging $265 million annually, covering 12 regular-season games, the All-Star Game, playoffs, and World Series. However, the deal quickly proved burdensome due to overpayment relative to viewership; CBS reported $500 million in losses by 1993, exacerbated by declining ratings from competition with local cable telecasts and fewer national games (down from over 30 annually under the prior ABC-NBC split). Ratings for key events like the 1990 World Series and playoffs hit historic lows, prompting CBS to seek a rebate and threaten early termination.^[9]^[10]^[11] In response to CBS's mounting financial woes and the contract's expiration after 1993, MLB owners, acting as a unified entity under acting commissioner Bud Selig, rejected CBS's lowball extension offer of $120 million per year for 1994-1995 and pursued a innovative model to regain control over production and revenue. Negotiations in early 1993 with ABC and NBC addressed the fragmentation caused by cable's rise, leading MLB to favor an in-house production approach through a joint venture that would eliminate fixed rights fees in favor of shared advertising revenues, thereby mitigating risks from volatile ratings while centralizing content distribution. This arrangement, formalized later that year, directly paved the way for the creation of The Baseball Network.^[12]^[13]^[14]

Joint Venture Agreement

The joint venture agreement establishing The Baseball Network was approved by Major League Baseball owners on May 28, 1993, following negotiations that concluded earlier that month between MLB, ABC, and NBC. This six-year deal, valued at no upfront rights fees for the networks, represented a departure from prior contracts by tying compensation directly to advertising sales rather than guaranteed payments. The official name for the partnership was announced on August 25, 1993, reflecting MLB's aim to take greater control over its broadcast production and distribution amid ongoing labor tensions.^[14]^[15] The agreement's revenue-sharing model allocated 88 percent of net advertising and sponsorship revenues to MLB, with ABC and NBC each receiving 6 percent. MLB assumed primary responsibility for producing the broadcasts in-house, while the networks provided technical facilities, studios, and personnel; coverage alternated in six-week blocks between ABC and NBC for regular-season games, with NBC handling the 1994 All-Star Game as the network's launch event on July 12, 1994, from Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh. This structure allowed for flexible scheduling, including prime-time slots on Mondays and Saturdays, to maximize viewer access without conflicting with local telecasts.^[16]^[17] Exclusivity provisions barred other national networks or cable outlets, such as ESPN or superstations like WGN and WTBS, from airing MLB games on the designated broadcast dates—twelve regular season dates, typically including Monday and Saturday nights—ensuring The Baseball Network's sole national window. The focus on regionalized feeds, where games were distributed based on local team affiliations, aimed to reach the majority of U.S. households, covering an estimated 75 percent through targeted markets while minimizing blackouts. These terms were shaped by the power vacuum following Commissioner Fay Vincent's forced resignation on September 7, 1992, which empowered owners to steer negotiations; acting Commissioner Bud Selig, in his interim role since then, played a pivotal part in finalizing the partnership to bolster league revenues ahead of collective bargaining renewal.^[18]

Broadcast Coverage

Regular Season Programming

The Baseball Network marked a significant departure from prior national broadcast models by implementing a regionalized approach to regular season coverage, prioritizing local market interests over unified national games. This shift reduced the number of weekly prime-time windows to one per network, with MLB producing the telecasts in-house for distribution to ABC and NBC affiliates. The format emphasized simultaneous broadcasts of multiple games, allowing affiliates to select matchups relevant to their viewers, often resulting in up to 14 concurrent telecasts across the country.^[2]^[19] Programming commenced after the All-Star Game, with the first regular season telecast on July 16, 1994, on ABC, followed by weekly slots typically on Saturdays or Mondays at 8:00 p.m. or 11:00 p.m. Eastern Time. ABC handled the initial six weeks, while NBC was slated for the subsequent six, creating a 12-week schedule that avoided interleague play or favoritism toward specific teams, instead basing selections on regional appeal and the new six-division alignment. Due to the players' strike beginning August 12, 1994, only ABC aired regular season games—four prime-time telecasts in total—leaving NBC without any such broadcasts that year.^[2]^[19]^[1] In 1995, The Baseball Network resumed regular season coverage with a similar regionalized format for 12 scheduled prime-time dates, split evenly between ABC and NBC. ABC handled the first six weeks starting in late April, but following the networks' withdrawal announcement on June 23, coverage was curtailed, with ABC airing games through mid-June and no NBC regular season telecasts occurring. The remaining national broadcast slots were sold to ESPN on a game-by-game basis.^[20]^[4] The regionalization model relied on split feeds or separate signals to deliver localized content, with each affiliate typically receiving one game per market, though two-team areas like New York or Chicago were assigned a single shared telecast. This approach, branded as Baseball Night in America, integrated live action from selected games with highlights from others but introduced accessibility challenges through effective blackout rules: fans in a given market could not view their local team if it was not chosen for regional airing or if time zone conflicts favored East Coast matchups over West Coast ones. Approximately 200 regular season game broadcasts were planned across both networks for 1994, though the strike curtailed this to far fewer actual telecasts.^[19]^[2]

Baseball Night in America

"Baseball Night in America" served as the flagship prime-time programming block for The Baseball Network, debuting on July 16, 1994, as a two-hour window that replaced the conventional Game of the Week format with a more dynamic, multi-game presentation.^[2] This 12-week series alternated between ABC for the first six weeks and NBC for the subsequent six, starting August 26, airing on Saturday and Sunday evenings to capitalize on weekend viewership.^[21] The program aimed to broaden baseball's appeal by integrating live action from numerous contests into a cohesive broadcast, drawing in casual fans through its innovative structure rather than focusing on a single matchup.^[22] The format emphasized regional relevance and real-time excitement, featuring up to 14 simultaneous games tailored to local affiliate preferences, with announcers providing play-by-play for select contests while studio hosts oversaw transitions.^[2] Graphics overlays displayed scores and highlights from non-televised games, complemented by hosted segments that included taped recaps and analysis to keep viewers engaged across the league.^[21] John Saunders anchored for ABC, introducing the show with previews, while Greg Gumbel handled NBC's portions, ensuring a seamless blend of local and national elements in the prime-time slot.^[2] Key innovations included the "shuttle system," which allowed producers to switch feeds based on unfolding action, marking an early use of multi-feed integration for a national audience and enhancing the viewer experience beyond traditional linear broadcasts.^[2] Designed for non-traditional baseball viewing nights, the program targeted broader demographics with its fast-paced, highlight-driven approach, though it initially scheduled for Friday and Saturday evenings before settling into weekend prime time.^[23] The debut episode on July 16, 1994, showcased this format with multiple games, including the New York Yankees at Seattle Mariners on ABC, called by Al Michaels, Jim Palmer, and Tim McCarver, alongside the Los Angeles Dodgers at Philadelphia Phillies, demonstrating the regional selection process in action.^[21]^[19]

Postseason and All-Star Coverage

The Baseball Network's coverage of the All-Star Game began with the 1994 midsummer classic, broadcast nationally on NBC from Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh on July 12.^[24] The following year, ABC aired the 1995 All-Star Game on July 11 from The Ballpark in Arlington in Texas.^[20] Due to the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike, there was no postseason play in 1994, including the cancellation of the World Series.^[25] The 1995 playoffs marked the debut of MLB's expanded format, introduced after the 1994 realignment with the addition of a wild card team per league and a new Division Series round, and The Baseball Network provided the first national broadcasts of this structure.^[26] Coverage of the Division Series was split, with NBC handling Games 1 and 2 of all four series regionally on October 3–4, while ABC televised Games 3, 4, and any Game 5 nationally on October 6–8.^[20] For the League Championship Series, ABC broadcast Games 1 and 2 of both the ALCS (Indians vs. Mariners) and NLCS (Braves vs. Reds) on October 10–11, with NBC covering Games 3 through 6 (and any Game 7) on October 13–17.^[20] The 1995 World Series between the Atlanta Braves and Cleveland Indians alternated between the networks under The Baseball Network's arrangement, with ABC airing Games 1, 4, and 5 on October 21, 25, and 26, and NBC broadcasting Games 2, 3, 6, and any potential Game 7 on October 22, 24, and 28.^[27] This series concluded on October 28 with NBC's telecast of Game 6, in which the Braves defeated the Indians 1–0 to win the championship 4–2, serving as the final broadcast of The Baseball Network.^[28] Playoff productions utilized a seven-camera setup to capture the action, emphasizing key angles from home plate, bases, outfield, and dugouts.

Production and Talent

Production Techniques

The Baseball Network marked Major League Baseball's shift to in-house production of its national telecasts, allowing the league to exert centralized control over content and distribution from its New York headquarters, rather than relying on external networks for full production oversight.^[2] This arrangement, brokered with ABC and NBC, enabled MLB to produce broadcasts that were then fed to the networks for airing, incorporating elements like custom scorebugs and on-screen elements tailored to the venture.^[19] For remote site coverage, the production leveraged technical resources from ABC and NBC, including their mobile units, to handle live game feeds while MLB directed the overall format and integration.^[29] A key innovation was the implementation of enhanced regional feeds under the "shuttle" system, which simultaneously covered up to 14 games on Saturdays by prioritizing local team matchups for specific markets while inserting live cut-ins and taped highlights from other contests to maintain national interest.^[2] This approach represented an early effort at multi-game coordination in prime time, blending authenticity from local perspectives with league-wide storytelling, though it required precise timing to avoid viewer confusion during switches. Graphics were standardized across feeds, featuring MLB-branded elements such as team flags on announcer microphones, marking a departure from network-specific designs.^[19] Instant replay usage was emphasized for key moments, with slow-motion angles drawn from multiple cameras to heighten drama in regional broadcasts, though not yet at the automated levels seen in later eras. Logistically, producing these overlapping regional games demanded extensive coordination, including the deployment of multiple production units across ballparks to capture feeds that could be routed back to New York for editing and distribution.^[2] The venture integrated inputs from local team production facilities where possible, ensuring home-team authenticity in commentary and visuals while adhering to MLB's unified standards. Challenges arose particularly from the 1994–95 players' strike, which abbreviated the season to 112–117 games per team and eliminated the postseason, forcing rapid adjustments to scheduling, reduced inventory of highlight material, and contingency planning for incomplete coverage arcs.^[30] Overseeing MLB's broadcast operations was executive vice president Mike Trager, who managed sales, production strategy, and partnerships, drawing on his background in sports media to navigate the venture's innovative but turbulent launch.^[29] Producers like Lance Garrett handled day-to-day execution, focusing on seamless multi-feed integration amid the logistical demands of prime-time slots.^[31]

Announcers and Broadcast Teams

The Baseball Network assembled its announcing teams by recruiting experienced broadcasters from prior Major League Baseball television deals with CBS and ABC, aiming to capitalize on their established expertise in covering the sport.^[2] ABC's primary broadcast team featured play-by-play announcer Al Michaels, alongside analysts Jim Palmer and Tim McCarver, who offered strategic insights into gameplay and player performance.^[21] Brent Musburger served as the studio host, coordinating pre- and post-game segments, while sideline reporter Suzyn Waldman became the first woman to hold a national role in baseball broadcasting.^[32] NBC's team included play-by-play announcer Bob Costas, with analysts Joe Morgan and Bob Uecker providing color commentary focused on tactical analysis.^[21] Greg Gumbel hosted the studio show, and reporter Jim Gray conducted on-field interviews with players and managers.^[2] To ensure balanced exposure, the announcing teams switched networks midway through the season, with ABC handling the initial six weeks of regular-season coverage and NBC taking the subsequent six.^[21] Across both networks, there were 12 primary announcers, while minor games relied on local talent without dedicated color commentators.^[21]

Notable Calls and Moments

One of the most memorable broadcasts under The Baseball Network was the 1994 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh, aired on NBC with play-by-play announcer Bob Costas, alongside analysts Joe Morgan and Bob Uecker. The game, which marked the inaugural national telecast of the joint venture, featured a dramatic 10th-inning walk-off double by Moises Alou that scored pinch-runner Tony Gwynn, who slid home safely to secure an 8-7 National League victory and snap the AL's six-game winning streak. Costas' call captured the excitement: "Alou hits it to left, base hit! Gwynn around third, here he comes... he slides, safe! The National League wins it!" This moment, highlighted by Gwynn's heads-up baserunning and the pre-strike festivities, remains preserved in MLB's digital archives as a high point of the Network's early coverage.^[33] In 1995, amid the postseason realignment following the strike, The Baseball Network delivered iconic calls during the expanded playoffs. Game 5 of the American League Division Series between the New York Yankees and Seattle Mariners, broadcast on ABC with Brent Musburger on play-by-play and analyst Jim Kaat, culminated in one of baseball's most famous finishes. With the score tied 4-4 in the 11th inning and the Mariners facing elimination, Edgar Martinez crushed a double off Jeff Nelson, scoring Joey Cora and Ken Griffey Jr. to win 6-5 and clinch the ALDS series. Musburger's exuberant narration—"Extraordinary! The tying run scores, the winning run scores! The Seattle Mariners have the victory and the American League West!"—encapsulated the drama and helped revive fan interest in the sport post-strike, with the call archived by MLB for its historical significance. Joe Morgan, contributing analytical insights across Network telecasts, emphasized during the series how the expanded playoffs and wild card format were reshaping baseball's competitive landscape in the wake of labor unrest.^[34] The Network's postseason coverage peaked with NBC's broadcast of the 1995 World Series, particularly Game 6 on October 28 between the Atlanta Braves and Cleveland Indians. Bob Costas, again paired with Morgan and Uecker, narrated Tom Glavine's masterful one-hitter shutout, allowing just one hit over eight innings before Mark Wohlers closed the save in the ninth for a 1-0 clincher. David Justice's solo home run in the sixth provided the lone run, and Costas' poised delivery on the final out—"Ground ball to short, thrown to first, and the Atlanta Braves are World Champions!"—highlighted Glavine's dominance and the Series' tension, all five completed games decided by one run. This telecast, featuring Morgan's breakdowns of pitching strategies amid the strike's lingering effects, is preserved in MLB archives as a cornerstone of the Network's legacy, underscoring its role in restoring baseball's national prominence. Coverage also included notable 1995 regular-season moments like Albert Belle's record-setting 50 home runs and 50 doubles for the Indians, previewed in regional "Baseball Night in America" games that built excitement for Cleveland's pennant run.^[35]

Reception and Impact

Ratings and Viewership

The Baseball Network's regular season broadcasts under the "Baseball Night in America" banner averaged a 6.2 Nielsen rating during the strike-shortened 1994 season, marking a decline from CBS's pre-1994 national Game of the Week averages of approximately 8.5. In 1995, the average rating dropped further to 5.8, reflecting ongoing challenges in recapturing audience interest.^[36]^[12] The 1994 All-Star Game, broadcast on NBC, drew a 15.7 Nielsen rating, while the 1995 edition on ABC achieved a 13.9 rating, both showing a downward trend from prior years amid lingering effects of the labor dispute.^[37] Postseason viewership provided a brighter spot, with the 1995 American League Championship Series (ALCS) on ABC averaging a 10.2 rating and the National League Championship Series (NLCS) on NBC at 9.8; the World Series, shared between ABC and NBC, reached an average of 19.5—the highest for The Baseball Network and the top-rated Fall Classic of the post-strike era.^[38]^[39] Overall viewership trends for The Baseball Network indicated a decline attributed to fan bitterness from the 1994–95 strike, which canceled the postseason and alienated millions of viewers. The joint venture's regionalized coverage model, which aired different games in various markets rather than a single national telecast, further fragmented the audience and limited broad national engagement compared to unified broadcasts of previous eras.^[40]^[36]

Criticisms and Fan Reactions

The regionalization of games under The Baseball Network drew significant backlash from fans, who were often unable to watch their preferred teams due to blackout-like restrictions in non-local markets. This approach prioritized coverage for larger audience areas, such as New York, leaving viewers in smaller markets frustrated by limited choices and the inability to select specific matchups. For instance, fans of teams like the Chicago Cubs frequently missed key games because the network's exclusivity prevented local or alternative broadcasts, exacerbating feelings of alienation during prime viewing windows.^[41]^[22] Scheduling issues further compounded these problems, with the network's complex structure causing widespread confusion among viewers. Games were divided into regional blocks on ABC and NBC, requiring fans to navigate frequent switches between studio updates and live action, which disrupted the traditional flow of baseball broadcasts. Thursday night slots in 1994 were particularly criticized as makeshift fillers to bolster weak network lineups, conflicting with local telecasts and other programming like the British Open, making it difficult for audiences to anticipate availability. Even industry insiders described the setup as requiring "a couple of advanced degrees to understand," highlighting the accessibility barriers for average fans.^[41] Media outlets amplified these concerns, with The New York Times labeling the 1994 season opener an "unopening day" for network television due to the absence of national coverage until mid-July, robbing fans of the ritual excitement of Opening Day. The same publication warned that regionalizing postseason series, such as the League Championship Series, could inflict "psychic pain" on supporters by denying them national access to high-stakes games. While specific Variety coverage on promotion was limited, the overall press consensus pointed to inadequate marketing that failed to clarify the convoluted format, contributing to low awareness and viewership—evidenced by ratings that underscored the experiment's unpopularity.^[22] Fan reactions were overwhelmingly negative, manifesting in letters and complaints directed at Major League Baseball offices, protesting the loss of choice and the network's monopoly on national exposure. Supporters expressed outrage over being "robbed" of their teams' games, with particular ire from markets outside major hubs where regional priorities sidelined local favorites. These grievances helped fuel broader discontent that doomed the venture, though one positive highlight was the hiring of Suzyn Waldman as a color commentator, marking her as the first woman to call a national television baseball game—a milestone that advanced gender diversity in broadcasting but was largely overshadowed by the format's flaws.^[22]^[42]^[43]

Financial Performance and Sponsorships

The Baseball Network was structured as a revenue-sharing venture between Major League Baseball (MLB), ABC, and NBC, designed to generate income primarily through advertising sales rather than upfront rights fees paid by the networks. The partnership aimed to produce at least $330 million in combined advertising and sponsorship revenue over its first two years (1994–1995) to ensure renewal beyond 1995, with MLB receiving 85% of the first $140 million annually and the remainder split equally among the partners. However, the 1994 players' strike, which canceled the postseason and World Series, severely disrupted these projections; by early August 1994, the network had secured about $130 million in advertising commitments, with an additional $35 million anticipated before the strike, but the loss of an estimated $165 million in postseason ad revenue left actual 1994 earnings well below the $140 million target for that year.^[44]^[45]^[1]^[17]^[46] In 1995, the network secured approximately $140 million in advertising commitments prior to the season, but the lingering effects of the strike—including reduced game inventory and a weakened advertising market—prevented it from reaching the $290 million threshold needed to extend the deal, contributing to the venture's early dissolution. Production expenses, shared among the partners, added further strain, as the networks' limited 6% revenue share after MLB's cut proved insufficient to offset costs without guaranteed postseason exposure. The strike not only eliminated key revenue-generating events but also deterred advertisers wary of labor instability, exacerbating MLB's overall financial pressures in a post-strike environment where national broadcasting deals faced heightened scrutiny.^[47]^[48]^[17] Sponsorships formed a critical but limited component of the network's income, with major partners providing category exclusivity and integrated advertising opportunities. Anheuser-Busch served as the charter sponsor and official beer of MLB broadcasts, committing $20 million annually for two years (with a third-year option) to secure advertising spots, rights to MLB trademarks and logos, and national sweepstakes privileges, including Budweiser ads integrated during innings. General Motors was the largest corporate sponsor, while other notable deals included Avis (approximately $6.5 million for rental car exclusivity), Chevrolet, Gillette, MCI Inc., Sherwin-Williams, Texaco, and Russell Athletic, though the venture's short lifespan and strike-related uncertainties limited broader title sponsorship opportunities. These partnerships, while innovative in tying brands to baseball's national reach, could not fully compensate for the ad shortfalls tied to low regular-season viewership.^[49]^[50]^[51]

Demise and Aftermath

Impact of the 1994 Strike

The Major League Baseball players' strike began on August 12, 1994, halting play after teams had completed between 113 and 117 games and canceling the final six weeks of the regular season along with the entire postseason, including the World Series.^[52] For The Baseball Network, which had debuted earlier that summer, the work stoppage came just weeks into its operations, with the All-Star Game on July 12, 1994, at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh serving as its inaugural broadcast and the last major event aired before the shutdown.^[28] This interruption eliminated dozens of remaining regular-season games that the network had scheduled to televise, as well as all planned playoff and World Series coverage, severely curtailing its programming slate.^[53] The financial repercussions were profound, contributing to league-wide losses estimated at $580 million for team owners due to foregone ticket sales, concessions, and broadcasting income.^[53] The Baseball Network suffered particularly acutely, forfeiting an estimated $40-70 million in additional advertising revenues from the canceled postseason, with total 1994 sales reaching approximately $130 million—far short of projections.^[1] Without a contractual safeguard against labor disruptions, the network's reliance on ad sales and sponsorships left it vulnerable, undermining the joint venture's viability from the outset.^[44] On-air, broadcasters adapted to the unfolding crisis, with lead announcer Bob Costas openly discussing the strike's ramifications during NBC's final games and in post-shutdown interviews, emphasizing its potential to reshape the 1995 season and baseball's public image.^[54] The network refrained from airing any national broadcasts of the replacement player exhibitions held in spring 1995, as Major League Baseball opted against pursuing national television deals for those non-competitive contests to avoid further alienating fans and the players' union.^[55] The labor dispute endured for 232 days, concluding on April 2, 1995, after federal mediation and a new collective bargaining agreement, which compelled teams to play a compressed 144-game schedule that year rather than the standard 162.^[16]

Dissolution and Replacement

In June 1995, ABC and NBC announced their decision to dissolve The Baseball Network partnership with Major League Baseball (MLB) after the conclusion of the 1995 season, citing inadequate advertising revenue and the lingering effects of the 1994 strike-shortened schedule.^[4]^[56] The original agreement had included an automatic renewal clause if combined revenues from 1994 and 1995 reached $330 million, but the cancellation of the 1994 postseason limited total 1994 sales to approximately $130 million, making renewal impossible despite efforts to renegotiate.^[4]^[57] The 1995 season proceeded as a lame-duck year under the existing contract, with The Baseball Network handling regular-season games, playoffs, and the World Series without any prospect of extension.^[58] Although the 1995 League Championship Series averaged a 13.1 rating—considered respectable given the prior year's disruptions—overall network revenues remained below expectations, and no renewal talks advanced beyond initial August discussions.^[59] The partnership's final broadcast occurred on October 28, 1995, with NBC airing Game 6 of the World Series, in which the Atlanta Braves defeated the Cleveland Indians to win the championship.^[60] To formally end the arrangement, ABC and NBC settled with MLB on revised revenue-sharing terms, reducing their financial obligations for the 1995 broadcasts and avoiding further joint production costs.^[28] This settlement allowed both networks to exit without additional liability, as the venture's structure—where networks paid no upfront rights fees but shared 87% of ad revenue with MLB—had proven unviable amid declining viewership.^[61] Following the dissolution, MLB negotiated a new five-year national broadcasting contract for 1996–2000 valued at $1.7 billion, awarding prime-time Saturday games and the All-Star Game to Fox, the Game of the Week to NBC, and cable rights including Sunday nights to ESPN, with additional postseason packages split among the partners.^[62]^[63] Fox committed $575 million over the term, while NBC paid $400 million, primarily for playoff and All-Star rights.^[64] The end of The Baseball Network marked MLB's return to full control over its broadcasting rights, shifting from the collaborative joint-venture model to direct negotiations with individual networks and cable outlets.^[65] This transition eliminated the shared production approach, enabling MLB to customize packages and regain leverage in future media deals.^[66]

Legacy in Baseball Broadcasting

The failure of The Baseball Network underscored the perils of over-centralizing MLB's television rights under a single joint venture, as its model limited local affiliate flexibility and failed to attract sufficient advertisers amid the 1994-1995 strike, leading to revenues well below the $330 million combined target for 1994-1995. This experience prompted MLB to diversify its broadcasting strategy post-1995, shifting toward multiple national partners including Fox, ESPN, and NBC, which restored competitive bidding and increased annual rights fees from $140 million under The Baseball Network to $290 million in the 1996-2000 cycle.^[17]^[67]^[68] The Network's regional distribution approach, which allocated non-prime-time games to local stations while centralizing select national windows, highlighted the value of hybrid national-local models and influenced the expansion of regional sports networks (RSNs) by demonstrating how targeted feeds could balance league-wide exposure with team-specific revenue. By emphasizing MLB-produced content over traditional network control, it served as an early precedent for league-involved media ventures, echoing in modern efforts like MLB's 2022 streaming agreements with Apple TV+ and Peacock, which centralized out-of-market rights while preserving local RSN primacy. This structure prefigured the league's push toward integrated digital platforms, as seen in the 2025 ESPN deal for exclusive out-of-market streaming sales.^[17]^[69]^[70] Culturally, The Baseball Network amplified the 1994 strike's erosion of fan engagement, with the absence of a World Series and fragmented coverage contributing to a 20% drop in per-game attendance in 1995 and a broader decline in national interest. However, the ensuing competitive media landscape paved the way for a revenue resurgence, as diversified deals and innovations like MLB Advanced Media drove total league revenues from $1.9 billion in 1993 to over $8 billion by 2013, fostering a "Golden Age" of attendance from 2003-2013 through enhanced accessibility and marketing.^[71]^[72] Games from The Baseball Network era, including the 1994 All-Star Game and select 1995 matchups, are preserved in the MLB Vault, a comprehensive digital archive accessible via MLB.com and YouTube, allowing for ongoing historical analysis and fan access to over a century of footage. These recordings have appeared in retrospectives within MLB Network's programming, such as classic game compilations, underscoring the Network's role in baseball's broadcast history.^[73]^[74]^[75]

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[PDF] The baseball strike of 1994-95 - Bureau of Labor Statistics
The owners principally sought revenue sharing, with players guaranteed 48 percent of revenues from ticket sales and media contracts; a pay-for-performance ...
[17]
MLB's Winning and Losing Efforts to Conquer TV, Part I: The Strike
Feb 26, 2020 · In the end, MLB went with a shared revenue agreement with ABC and NBC that they hoped would provide $140 million in 1994. With ESPN's annual ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[18]
Vincent, Bowing to Owners' Will, Resigns as Baseball Commissioner
Sep 8, 1992 · These owners felt it was essential to remove Vincent before entering into new negotiations with the union. "This is not a good day for baseball ...
[19]
1994 MLB Season - 506 Archive
ABC and NBC are partners with MLB in The Baseball Network. All games on certain days (selected Saturdays and Mondays) are televised on a regional basis ...National Television · Local Broadcast TV Info · Local Cable TV Info
[20]
Baseball Season Gets Late Start on Network TV - Los Angeles Times
Jul 8, 1994 · NBC will televise Tuesday's All-Star game, then the new baseball network kicks into gear July 16 with the debut of “Baseball Night in America,” ...Missing: launch | Show results with:launch
[21]
BASEBALL: TV SPORTS; Network Baseball's Unopening Day
Apr 4, 1994 · Hey, guys, let's put on a broadcast! Two of the 14 games will be helmed by network teams. For NBC, one team will be Bob Costas and Bob ...
[22]
NEW NETWORK PLUGS BASEBALL NATIONWIDE - The ...
March 31, 1994More ... The Baseball Network's suite of offices and be sure to stomp on home plate. ... They're going to call it "Baseball Night in America ...<|separator|>
[23]
The Baseball Network | Major League Sports Wiki - Fandom
The Baseball Network was a short-lived television broadcasting joint venture between Major League Baseball and the ABC & NBC networks.Missing: history | Show results with:history
[24]
1995 MLB Season - 506 Archive
For the first time since TV's stone age, two networks cover the World Series. ... The Baseball Network package, but ABC had not. (Could Fox have stepped in ...
[25]
PLAYOFFS;This Season, TV Doesn't Have It Covered
Oct 3, 1995 · In the championship series, ABC will air Games 1, 2 and 7, NBC Games 3, 4, 5 and 6. So starting tonight, viewers will be confined to one game, ...Missing: rotation | Show results with:rotation
[26]
ABC, NBC Want Their Turn at Bat in Baseball : Commentary: Each ...
May 8, 1995 · That widely criticized expenditure helped lead to the new NBC-ABC/major league partnership called The Baseball Network, a planned six-year ...
[27]
Abc, Nbc Split Series - The Spokesman-Review
Jul 21, 1995 · The postseason became the Battle of the Network Stars when The Baseball Network said ABC and NBC will split the coverage. Under the unique ...Missing: rotation | Show results with:rotation
[28]
The Baseball Network (1994-1995) - A Foot In The Box
Sep 24, 2017 · The Baseball Network consisted of prime-time games that were produced by MLB itself. The games would switch between NBC and ABC throughout the season.
[29]
Baseball telecasts technology - Wikipedia
Equipment: Seven cameras: One at first and third base each, one at home plate, one at center field, one at left field, and each in the dugout. · Camera lenses: ...
[30]
Be like Mike - Sports Business Journal
Feb 15, 2015 · When Major League Baseball was struggling without a network offer in 1993, Trager helped run The Baseball Network, an idea far ahead of its time ...
[31]
Baseball strike in 1994-95 began 25 years ago - NBC Sports
Aug 12, 2019 · On August 11, 1994, there were nine games. Pretty typical for a Thursday, which is often a travel day. Fridays are almost always full slates ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[32]
Lance Garrett - IMDb
Lance Garrett. Producer: The Baseball Network. Lance Garrett is known for The Baseball Network (1994).
[33]
Rachel Balkovec joins group of women who broke barriers | Athletics
Suzyn Waldman knows what it took. The first female sportscaster to call play-by-play on a national broadcast of a baseball game on July 24, 1994, Waldman was a ...
[34]
NL rallies, walks off in 1994 All-Star Game - MLB.com
Jul 12, 1994 · 7/12/1994: The National League rallies in the 9th on Fred McGriff's homer and then walks off in the 10th to win the 1994 All-Star Game.
[35]
Ripken, Braves, WC: What made '95 so special - MLB.com
Apr 4, 2020 · We'll be taking a weekly look back at a specific year in baseball history. What happened, why it mattered, what we'll remember most.
[36]
Glavine, Justice seal 1995 WS-clinching Game 6 - MLB.com
Oct 28, 1995 · 10/28/1995: Tom Glavine throws a one-hitter and David Justice hits a go-ahead homer as the Braves take Game 6 and win the World Series.Missing: Bob Costas call
[37]
FOX Hearkens Back to The Baseball Network With 'Baseball Night in ...
... The Baseball Network for its. ... Ratings were substantially higher for regular season games on TBN during the strike-shortened 1994 (6.2) and 1995 (5.8) ...
[38]
All-Star Baseball Games Historical U.S. TV Ratings - Nielsen
To date, the 1976 and 1980 games claim the largest TV audiences, with 36.3 million and 36.2 million viewers, respectively. View Nielsen's historic MLB All-Star ...Missing: 1994 6.2<|separator|>
[39]
SPORTSBUSINESS - Chicago, Boston boost playoff TV ratings - ESPN
Oct 7, 2003 · It was the highest rating since 1995 ... Game 5 of the Boston-Oakland series got an 8.5 rating compared with a season-low 10.2 for ABC's coverage ...
[40]
World Series Ratings - AP News
Nov 2, 2023 · World Series Ratings ; 1996 (Fox), 17.4, 29 ; 1995 (ABC-NBC), 19.5, 33 ; 1994, No Series ; 1993 (CBS), 17.3, 30.
[41]
How MLB Roared Back After 1994 Strike With Revenue Up 400%
Aug 11, 2014 · While successful on a regional basis, MLB often suffers from comparatively lower national television ratings that could prevent it from signing ...
[42]
Baseball Network tough to tune in – Baltimore Sun
The TV Repairman: Even people in the business act as though you have to have a couple of advanced degrees to understand The Baseball Network's coverage of ...Missing: criticism | Show results with:criticism<|separator|>
[43]
Even After Radio Hall of Fame Honor, Suzyn Waldman Looks Forward
Aug 8, 2022 · Waldman thinks back to 1994 when she became the first woman ... television baseball broadcast when she did a game for The Baseball Network.
[44]
Memories & Dreams: Suzyn Waldman - Marty Appel
She worked some nationally televised games for The Baseball Network, the 1994-95 entity that presented baseball on NBC and ABC. The road wasn't easy ...
[45]
TV SPORTS; Account Running Dry For Baseball Network
Sep 2, 1994 · The 28 teams have a credit line. But what protection does The Baseball Network have if the strike wipes out the post-season, where most of ...
[46]
Baseball now takes swing at revenues - Variety
Apr 10, 1995 · The ABC-NBC revenue-sharing partnership, the Baseball Network, TBN, has a sales goal of more than $300 million for 1994-95, its first two ...
[47]
OWNERS LOOK TO THE BASEBALL NETWORK TO PUMP UP ...
... goal ... OWNERS LOOK TO THE BASEBALL NETWORK TO PUMP UP EARNINGS. 05.24.1995 ... Still, since TBN is unlikely to reach its two-year $330M sales goal, owners will ...Missing: revenue | Show results with:revenue
[48]
[PDF] H II$3.95 - World Radio History
Mar 27, 1995 · The good news: The Baseball Network has commit- ments totaling $140 million for the 1995 season. The bad news: Those commitments are ...
[49]
TV SPORTS; All Are to Blame for Baseball Network's Demise
Jun 27, 1995 · All parties share blame for the end of The Baseball Network, a ... The Baseball Network until 1996 to meet its financial target -- $330 ...
[50]
Short Takes - Variety
Mar 30, 1994 · The Baseball Network, a joint venture of ABC and NBC, announced that it has signed Anheuser-Busch as a charter sponsor. In addition to ...
[51]
N.C.A.A. TOURNAMENT: TV SPORTS; One Game vs. Seven ...
Correction: Anheuser-Busch's sponsorship agreement on The Baseball Network is for $20 million annually. . . . If you missed making a pledge on WFAN's two ...<|separator|>
[52]
THE MEDIA BUSINESS: ADVERTISING; Marketers Finding Other ...
G.M. is the largest corporate sponsor of the Baseball Network, the new joint venture of ABC, NBC and Major League Baseball, that began only last month to ...
[53]
Looking back at the impact of the 1994 Major League Baseball strike
Aug 11, 2019 · The 1994 World Series was called off, replacement players filled spring training rosters in 1995, and attendance dipped for a decade. No one ...
[54]
The 1994 Strike: What Was the Deal? - Banished to the Pen
Aug 12, 2016 · In 1994, ABC, NBC, and MLB formed a joint venture called The Baseball Network to air nationally televised games. The strike cost The Baseball ...
[55]
September 14, 1994 | Charlie Rose - YouTube
Aug 27, 2007 · First, Bob Costas of NBC Sports talks about the continuing baseball strike and its implications for the 1995 season.
[56]
MLB 1994 strike: Replacement players provided comic relief
Aug 12, 2019 · A wacky six weeks of replacement-player ball that was a fantasy camp for participants, an embarrassment to coaches and executives who oversaw it.Missing: TV | Show results with:TV
[57]
ABC, NBC Quit Baseball Network : Television: Rights probably will ...
Jun 23, 1995 · The two networks, partners with owners in The Baseball Network, decided to pull out of the joint venture when acting Commissioner Bud Selig ...
[58]
ABC, NBC drop major league baseball - UPI Archives
ABC, NBC drop major league baseball. June 23, 1995. Audio Coming Soon ... Major League Executive Council announced it would look for another network hookup.Missing: dissolution | Show results with:dissolution
[59]
TV SPORTS; Demise of a Network Opens Baseball Format
Jul 7, 1995 · Let's not label ABC's Al Michaels a traitor for pointing out flaws in the Baseball Network, the TV and advertising venture that immolated ...<|separator|>
[60]
News Briefs: Summer 1995 - roadsidephotos.sabr.org!
While no one's shedding tears over the demise of The Baseball Network, its messy death further tarnished baseball's image. NBC and ABC executives publicly ...<|separator|>
[61]
WORLD SERIES: THE BASEBALL NETWORK'S LAST HURRAH
Oct 19, 1995 · With the World Series set to begin this weekend (ABC televises Games 1,4,5,7 and NBC has 2,3,6), sports media writers from around the ...
[62]
BASEBALL / ROSS NEWHAN : TV Dispute Points to 'Chaos, Disaster'
Jun 27, 1995 · The Baseball Network was hardly off the drawing board when the strike hit, ultimately wiping out the World Series and the opportunity for both ...
[63]
Fox, NBC, Cablers Take Home Baseball In $1.7 Billion Deal - Variety
Nov 12, 1995 · The league on Nov. 6 officially announced that Fox, NBC, ESPN and the Fox Sports/Liberty Cable venture will air games from 1996 through the 2000 season.
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MLB signs five-year television deal - UPI Archives
Nov 6, 1995 · NBC reportedly will pay $400 million to televise the 1997 and 1999 World Series and the 1996, 1998 and 2000 All-Star games. The network will ...
[65]
Fox Gets Baseball; NBC Is Part of Deal - Los Angeles Times
Nov 6, 1995 · After CBS lost about $500 million over the four years, baseball owners came up with the Baseball Network concept in which revenue was shared by ...
[66]
The Impact of Baseball's New Television Contracts - Project MUSE
In these new contracts, MLB formed a joint venture with NBC and ABC, called the Baseball Network, which required MLB to sell commercial slots to sponsors. Not ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[67]
The Impact of Baseball's New Television Contracts - ResearchGate
Aug 6, 2025 · In these new contracts, MLB formed a joint venture with NBC and ABC, called the Baseball Network, which required MLB to sell commercial slots to ...
[68]
TV SPORTS; The Baseball Network Says the Players' Analyst Struck ...
Aug 26, 1994 · TV SPORTS; The Baseball Network Says the Players' Analyst Struck Out. Share full article.
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https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/03/09/mlb-deals-with-apple-and-peacock-worth-115-million-annually-combined/
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MLB Deals With Apple And NBC Sports Are Worth A Combined ...
Mar 9, 2022 · The new streaming deal between Major League Baseball and Apple is worth $85 million annually over seven years, according to several sources ...
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MLB, ESPN have agreement for network to sell all out-of-market and ...
Aug 21, 2025 · Major League Baseball and ESPN have a framework agreement that would give the network the exclusive rights to sell all out-of-market regular ...
[72]
How MLB Roared Back After 1994 Strike - Northwestern Now
Aug 12, 2014 · MLB would likely not have been in a position to use iBeacon technology without building or making significant upgrades to its ballparks. Since ...
[73]
https://www.mlb.com/video/topic/mlb-vault
[74]
MLB Vault Videos
Apr 14, 2021 · MLB Vault · History of Baseball in Toronto · Recounting weather-related World Series moments · Silver Slugger rookies over the last 25 years · Don Mattingly's first ...
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1994 MLB All-Star Game | Classic Games - YouTube
May 31, 2024 · Fred McGriff and Tony Gwynn created legendary moments in this classic All-Star Game! Don't forget to subscribe!
[76]
1994 MLB All Star Game PITTSBURGH Original NBC Broadcast
Jan 27, 2021 · ... all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 12, ...