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88

88 is a white supremacist numerical code symbolizing "Heil Hitler," derived from substituting the number 8 for the letter H—the eighth in the alphabet—thus rendering 88 as HH.^[1]^[2] This shorthand emerged among neo-Nazis and broader extremist circles as a covert means to express allegiance to Nazi ideology, evading restrictions on overt symbols like the swastika in countries such as Germany.^[3]^[4] It appears ubiquitously in hate group iconography, including tattoos, graffiti, merchandise, and online usernames, often combined with 14 to reference the white supremacist slogan "We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children."^[1]^[5] While 88 holds innocuous mathematical properties—as the product of 8 and 11, or a highly composite number—and benign cultural connotations, such as denoting good fortune in Chinese numerology due to phonetic similarity to prosperity, its extremist appropriation dominates associations in monitoring by organizations tracking hate activity.^[1] The code's prevalence underscores challenges in detecting implicit extremism, appearing in contexts from prison gangs to digital propaganda.^[1]^[5]

Mathematical properties

Divisibility and prime factors

88 is a composite number whose prime factorization is $2^3 \times 11.^[6]^[7] This factorization is obtained by repeated division: 88 ÷ 2 = 44, 44 ÷ 2 = 22, 22 ÷ 2 = 11, with 11 being prime.^[8] The complete list of positive divisors of 88 is 1, 2, 4, 8, 11, 22, 44, and 88.^[6]^[9] These arise from all products of the prime factors raised to powers within their multiplicities: powers of 2 from $2^0 to $2^3 combined with powers of 11 from $11^0 to $11^1. The sum of divisors function σ(88), which totals these divisors, equals 180.^[6]^[9] This value is calculated using the formula for the sum of divisors of p^k q^m: σ(88) = (1 + 2 + 2^2 + 2^3)(1 + 11) = (1 + 2 + 4 + 8)(12) = 15 × 12 = 180.^[6] Euler's totient function φ(88), counting the integers from 1 to 87 coprime to 88, equals 40.^[6] It is computed as φ(88) = 88 × (1 - 1/2) × (1 - 1/11) = 88 × 0.5 × (10/11) = 44 × (10/11) = 40, reflecting the proportion of numbers not divisible by 2 or 11.^[6]

Algebraic and geometric significance

In number theory, the equation x^2 - 88y^2 = 1 is a Pell equation with discriminant 88, whose fundamental solution is given by x = 197 and y = 21, yielding $197^2 - 88 \times 21^2 = 1.^[10] This solution generates infinitely many others via the recurrence relations derived from the continued fraction expansion of \sqrt{88}, highlighting 88's role in approximating quadratic irrationals and units in the ring \mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{88}].^[10] Additionally, 88 admits a representation as a sum of three squares: $88 = 4^2 + 6^2 + 6^2, which is unique up to permutation and signs, consistent with the theorem that positive integers not of the form $4^a(8b + 7) can be expressed as sums of three squares.^[11] Such Diophantine representations underscore 88's properties in quadratic forms and integer solutions to norm equations. Geometrically, 88 figures as the number of sides in an octacontaoctagon, a regular polygon that approximates a circle as the side count increases, with interior angle \frac{(88-2) \times 180^\circ}{88} \approx 177.27^\circ.^[12] For large n, the perimeter of a unit-radius circumscribed octacontaoctagon approaches $2\pi via the limit of polygonal approximations to the circumference.

Scientific and technical uses

In chemistry

Radium is the chemical element with atomic number 88 and symbol Ra, classified as an alkaline earth metal.^[13]^[14] It was discovered in 1898 by Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, who isolated approximately 1 mg of the element from ten tonnes of pitchblende ore after identifying its intense radioactivity exceeding that of uranium.^[15]^[16] The Curies' work involved chemical separation techniques, including fractional crystallization of radium chloride, confirming radium as a distinct element through its spectral lines and decay properties.^[15] The standard atomic weight of radium is , reflecting its most prevalent isotope, radium-226 (^{226}Ra), which constitutes nearly all natural radium.^[17] Radium-226 undergoes alpha decay with a half-life of 1,600 years, emitting an alpha particle to form radon-222, the first step in its decay chain toward stable lead-206.^[18] Other isotopes, such as ^{223}Ra (half-life 11.4 days) and ^{224}Ra (half-life 3.6 days), occur in trace amounts from thorium and uranium decay series but are shorter-lived.^[17] Physically, radium appears as a silvery-white, lustrous, soft metal with a density of approximately 5 g/cm³ at standard conditions, higher than barium due to relativistic effects on its electron orbitals.^[19] It exhibits body-centered cubic crystal structure and melts at 700 °C, boiling at 1,737 °C.^[19] Chemically reactive like other group 2 elements, radium rapidly oxidizes in air to form radium oxide (RaO) and reacts vigorously with water to produce hydrogen gas and radium hydroxide (Ra(OH)₂); it also forms soluble halides such as radium chloride (RaCl₂).^[20] As an intense alpha emitter, radium's compounds were instrumental in early nuclear research, enabling studies of radioactive decay chains and prompting developments in radiochemistry.^[15]

In astronomy

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) officially recognizes 88 constellations, which collectively partition the entire celestial sphere into non-overlapping regions.^[21] These boundaries ensure complete coverage of the sky, totaling 41,253 square degrees, with no gaps or overlaps between adjacent constellations.^[22] This system provides a standardized framework for cataloging celestial objects, such as stars and deep-sky phenomena, by assigning them to specific constellations based on their coordinates.^[23] The 88 constellations were formalized by the IAU at its first General Assembly in Rome in 1922, drawing from ancient Greek patterns documented by Ptolemy (48 constellations) and later additions from explorers and astronomers.^[21] Boundaries for these regions were refined from earlier proposals, notably Johann Elert Bode's Uranographia (1801), the first star atlas to delineate constellation limits using lines of right ascension and declination.^[24] Bode's work influenced the IAU's adoption of precise, astronomically defined edges rather than vague traditional outlines, enabling unambiguous assignment of objects like the star Alpha Ursae Majoris in Ursa Major.^[23] Prominent examples include Ursa Major, spanning 1,280 square degrees and containing the asterism known as the Big Dipper, and Hydra, the largest at 1,303 square degrees.^[25] This enumeration reflects empirical mapping of the sky's 360 degrees in longitude and latitude equivalents, prioritizing observational utility over mythological narratives.^[26]

In music and instruments

The standard piano keyboard comprises 88 keys, including 52 white keys and 36 black keys, arranged in seven full octaves plus a minor third to cover the chromatic scale from A0 to C8.^[27] This configuration provides a frequency range starting at A0 (27.5 Hz) and extending to C8 (4186 Hz), enabling reproduction of the full spectrum of pitches typical in Western classical and contemporary music.^[28] Prior to the late 19th century, piano keyboards commonly featured 85 keys, spanning from A0 to A7, which sufficed for earlier Baroque and Classical repertoire but limited the upper register.^[29] Manufacturers extended this to 88 keys by adding the notes A♯7/B♭7, B7, and C8, a change pioneered by Steinway & Sons around 1880 to meet demands for expanded tonal range in Romantic-era compositions that emulated orchestral sonorities.^[30] This modification addressed engineering challenges in string tension and hammer action while accommodating composers' needs for higher pitches without compromising playability.^[31] By the late 1880s, the 88-key design had become the industry standard across major piano makers, standardizing production and performer expectations for concert instruments.^[32] The layout's fixed octave repetition and alternating white-black pattern optimizes finger navigation, with black keys elevated for tactile distinction, a feature refined through iterative acoustic and ergonomic testing in the 19th century.^[27]

Military applications

German 8.8 cm Flak in World War II

The 8.8 cm Flak series originated from adaptations of Imperial German naval 8.8 cm guns dating to 1916, with the Flak 18 model developed in the early 1930s by Krupp in collaboration with Swedish firm Bofors to circumvent Versailles Treaty restrictions on heavy artillery.^[33]^[34] Standardized variants including the Flak 36 and Flak 37 featured an L/56 barrel length, achieving a muzzle velocity of approximately 820 m/s with standard high-explosive or armor-piercing rounds weighing about 9.4-10 kg.^[35] Effective anti-aircraft ceiling reached up to 10,600 m, while maximum horizontal range extended to around 15,000 m, though practical anti-tank engagement distances were typically under 2,000 m.^[34] Armor penetration with the PzGr. 39 round was approximately 105 mm at 1,000 m against 30° sloped plate, equivalent to about 121 mm at 0°, enabling it to defeat most Allied and Soviet medium tanks at combat ranges.^[36] Over 10,000 Flak 18, 36, and 37 guns were in service by August 1944, with total wartime production exceeding this figure across variants, reflecting heavy investment in anti-aircraft defenses that were frequently repurposed for ground combat.^[37] In North Africa, Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps employed the 88 mm Flak as an expedient anti-tank weapon during the 1941 Siege of Tobruk and subsequent engagements, where its flat trajectory and high velocity allowed crews to destroy British Matilda and Cruiser tanks at ranges beyond standard German anti-tank guns' effectiveness, contributing to defensive successes against numerically superior armored assaults.^[38] On the Eastern Front from 1941 onward, the gun proved decisive in halting Soviet tank advances, such as during the 1942 Battle of Stalingrad, where elevated Flak batteries engaged T-34s at over 1,000 m, leveraging superior optics and ammunition to achieve multiple penetrations per engagement despite the weapon's primary anti-aircraft orientation.^[39] Despite its battlefield impact, the 8.8 cm Flak faced logistical drawbacks, including high production costs relative to dedicated anti-tank guns and limited mobility in rugged terrain due to its 5-ton weight and reliance on half-track or tractor towing, which strained supply lines in fluid campaigns.^[40] Crews of 10-11 men were required for efficient operation, and repositioning under fire often exposed the gun to counter-battery fire, though its hydraulic recoil system and dual-purpose ammunition enhanced versatility across roles.^[41] Post-war, the design's emphasis on high-velocity anti-aircraft guns for anti-armor use influenced Soviet adaptations, such as the 85 mm D-5 series, which mirrored the 88 mm's caliber-scaled performance in tank and anti-tank applications while prioritizing lighter weight for mobility.^[42]

Other Type 88 designations

The Imperial Japanese Army introduced the Type 88 75 mm anti-aircraft gun in 1928, a truck-towed system with a muzzle velocity of 720 m/s (2,360 fps), a rate of fire of 15-20 rounds per minute, and a horizontal range of 15 km (15,000 yards).^[43]^[44] Designed primarily for air defense against low- to medium-altitude targets, it fired high-explosive and anti-aircraft projectiles, with over 2,000 units produced before and during World War II.^[44] Japan's post-war Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force fielded the Type 88 surface-to-ship missile (SSM-1), developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries starting in the early 1980s and entering service around 1990.^[45] This truck-mounted, subsonic anti-ship weapon uses a solid-fuel booster and turbojet sustainer engine, achieving a maximum range of 150-180 km with active radar homing for terminal guidance.^[45]^[46] Each battery typically includes four to eight launchers, emphasizing mobile coastal defense against naval threats.^[45] North Korea adopted the Type 88 rifle in the late 1980s as a licensed and modified copy of the Soviet AK-74 assault rifle, chambered in 5.45×39mm with a 30-round magazine capacity.^[47]^[48] It features a gas-operated mechanism, effective firing range of approximately 400 meters, and variants with fixed, side-folding, or underfolding stocks for special forces use.^[48] Production continues domestically, prioritizing reliability in rugged conditions over advanced ergonomics.^[47] China developed the QBU-88 (Type 88) marksman rifle in the 1980s alongside the 5.8×42mm DBP88 cartridge, serving as a designated marksman weapon with a 10-round magazine and effective range extending to 800 meters.^[49] It employs short-stroke gas piston operation and a heavier barrel for improved accuracy over standard assault rifles, though its penetration and ballistics are optimized for intermediate engagements rather than heavy armor defeat.^[50]

Cultural and symbolic meanings

Positive associations in East Asian cultures

In Mandarin Chinese, the pronunciation of the number 88 as bā bā closely resembles fā fā, a homophone for the word fā (prosper or wealth), derived from phrases like fā cái meaning "to get rich".^[51] This linguistic association positions 88 as a symbol of doubled prosperity and good fortune, amplifying the auspicious qualities of the single digit 8, which itself evokes abundance.^[52] The preference for 88 manifests in commercial and everyday practices, particularly in pricing strategies where amounts ending in 88, such as 88 yuan for gifts or products, are selected to invoke financial success and customer appeal.^[53] In telecommunications, numbers incorporating 88 command premiums; for instance, a Beijing mobile number 8888-8888 auctioned for 10.5 million yuan (approximately $1.5 million USD) in 2017, reflecting market valuation of numerological beliefs.^[54] Vehicle license plates featuring 88 similarly fetch elevated prices in auctions across Chinese-influenced regions. In Hong Kong, the single-digit plate "88" sold for HK$11.4 million in February 2025, underscoring empirical demand driven by cultural superstition.^[55] In Taiwan, the vanity plate BMW-8888 commanded NT$890,000 (about US$30,333) at a 2016 auction.^[56] An econometric analysis of Hong Kong's license plate market confirms that "lucky" combinations like those with multiple 8s yield statistically significant price premiums, with buyers willing to pay up to 20-30% more based on repetition of auspicious digits.^[57] While primarily rooted in Chinese linguistic traditions, the positive connotations of 88 extend modestly to Japanese and Korean contexts through shared Sino characters (kanji and hanja), where business and diaspora communities influenced by Chinese commerce may favor it for evoking abundance, though local numerological preferences differ and lack the same intensity.^[58]

Spiritual and numerological interpretations

In the Hebrew Bible, the number 88 is recorded in 2 Chronicles 11:21 as the total progeny of King Rehoboam, who fathered twenty-eight sons and sixty daughters through eighteen wives and sixty concubines, marking the largest documented royal family among the monarchs of Israel or Judah.^[59] This figure contrasts sharply with Rehoboam's father, Solomon, who had fewer children despite possessing seven hundred wives and three hundred concubines, highlighting themes of familial excess amid political division following the kingdom's schism.^[60] Certain biblical numerologists link 88 to the foundational symbolism of 8, which denotes resurrection, regeneration, and new beginnings—as in the eighth day of creation or Christ's post-resurrection appearances—doubled to suggest amplified renewal or judgment.^[61] However, direct scriptural exegesis attributes no explicit prophetic or symbolic weight to 88 beyond its historical occurrence, with interpretations varying by tradition and lacking canonical endorsement. In numerology, 88 is commonly regarded as a master number embodying abundance, karma, and material achievement, resulting from the repetition of 8 (associated with executive ability, financial reward, and cosmic balance) multiplied by its own essence, often reducing to 16/7 for introspective wisdom.^[62] Proponents describe it as a vibration of progress and attainment, tempered by life's tests, though empirical validation remains absent in psychological or statistical studies of numerical patterns.^[63] The visual form of 88 evokes two sideways eights, interpreted in esoteric traditions as dual infinity symbols (∞), signifying boundless energy, eternal cycles, or the intersection of material and spiritual infinities.^[64] This motif appears in modern spiritual literature, where 88 signals infinite potential or karmic resolution. Contemporary "angel number" frameworks, emerging in New Age texts from the late 20th century and proliferating online post-2000, posit 88 as a divine signal of prosperity, hard work's reward, and upcoming success, urging alignment with intuitive business acumen.^[65] Such views, drawn from channeled or intuitive sources rather than peer-reviewed analysis, emphasize 88's role in manifesting wealth, with anecdotal reports of synchronicities tied to financial shifts.^[61] These interpretations reflect broader cultural interest in numerological signs amid self-help trends, though they prioritize subjective experience over causal evidence.

Use in amateur radio

In amateur radio, particularly during continuous wave (CW) Morse code transmissions, the numeric code 88 signifies "love and kisses" as a informal sign-off, often used in personal or affectionate communications between operators.^[66]^[67] This usage parallels the code 73, which denotes "best regards," and both derive from the 92 Code—a standardized list of 92 numeric abbreviations adopted by Western Union telegraphers in 1859 for efficient messaging.^[67]^[68] While not part of the official International Telecommunication Union (ITU) phonetic alphabet or Q-codes, 88 gained traction in early 20th-century amateur radiotelegraphy etiquette, appearing in operator logs and publications by the 1920s as a non-binding but conventional shorthand for closing transmissions with warmth.^[67] The code's adoption in ham radio reflects practical brevity in Morse code, where repeating 88 (dit-dah-dit-dah dit-dah-dit-dah) conveys sentiment faster than spelled words, though its use remains optional and context-dependent, typically reserved for non-professional exchanges rather than formal nets or contests.^[66]^[69] It differs from technical numeric references, such as band frequencies (e.g., operations near 3.88 MHz in the 80-meter allocation), which denote spectrum allocations rather than procedural signals. Empirical evidence from operator surveys and historical logs shows 88 persisting into digital modes like PSK31, albeit less frequently than 73, due to its informal nature amid evolving radio practices.^[67]

Association with neo-Nazism and white supremacy

The numeral 88 serves as a white supremacist code representing "Heil Hitler," derived from H being the eighth letter of the alphabet, thus 88 denoting HH.^[1] This encoding emerged in neo-Nazi circles in the late 20th century as a covert means to express allegiance to Adolf Hitler and Nazi ideology while evading detection in written or visual media.^[1] The code gained prominence among white supremacists following the imprisonment of David Lane, a neo-Nazi activist and member of the terrorist group The Order, who in the 1980s authored the "14 Words" slogan—"We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children"—a 14-word phrase promoting racial separatism.^[70] Lane's influence led to the frequent pairing of 14 and 88 as "1488," symbolizing a dual commitment to his slogan and Hitler salutes, which proliferated in prison correspondence, manifestos, and propaganda from the 1990s onward.^[71] This combination appears in tattoos, license plates, and online handles to signal affiliation without overt language, aiding recruitment and coordination in restricted environments like prisons.^[1] In prison settings, 88 tattoos mark members of Aryan Brotherhood affiliates and similar gangs, often alongside swastikas or SS runes, as identifiers of Nazi-inspired loyalty amid interracial violence.^[72] The Anti-Defamation League has documented hundreds of such instances in gang databases, noting their role in intimidation and hierarchy enforcement since the 1970s, when Aryan groups adopted numeric codes to bypass scrutiny from authorities. Public displays include graffiti and banners at events like the 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, where neo-Nazi participants incorporated 88 alongside torches and shields bearing runes, amplifying visibility amid chants evoking Third Reich rhetoric.^[73] Online, the code spreads via forums and merchandise—such as "88" stickers or apparel on e-commerce sites tied to far-right vendors—facilitating evasion of platform moderation algorithms designed to flag explicit hate speech.^[1] Federal assessments since the 1990s have classified 88 as a recurring far-right identifier in threat reporting, underscoring its utility in coded communication across decentralized networks.^[74]

Other notable references

In transportation

Interstate 88 (I-88) consists of two discontinuous auxiliary Interstate Highways in the United States. The Illinois segment spans 140 miles (226 km) from its western terminus at I-80 in East Moline to its eastern terminus at I-290 in Hillside, serving as a key corridor connecting the Quad Cities region to the Chicago metropolitan area.^[75] The New York segment extends 117.75 miles (189.50 km) in a northeast-southwest direction from I-81 north of Binghamton to I-90 near Schenectady, facilitating travel through rural areas and the Catskill Mountains region.^[76] Several U.S. state highways are designated as Route 88. California's State Route 88, also known as the Carson Pass Highway, traverses east-west from near Stockton through the Sierra Nevada, climbing to over 8,500 feet (2,600 m) at Carson Pass with engineering features including steep grades and switchbacks suited for seasonal access.^[77] Colorado's State Highway 88 covers 19.171 miles (30.853 km) within the Denver metropolitan area, linking urban and suburban routes. Other examples include Oklahoma's SH-88, a 26-mile (42 km) north-south route through Rogers County, and Arizona's SR 88 (Apache Trail), which includes unpaved sections through rugged desert terrain east of Phoenix.^[78]^[79] The Oldsmobile 88 was a full-size automobile series produced by General Motors' Oldsmobile division from 1949 to 1999, noted for its engineering innovations in postwar American automotive design. Early models, such as the 1949-1953 Rocket 88, featured a pioneering 303-cubic-inch (5.0 L) overhead-valve V8 engine delivering approximately 160 horsepower, which provided superior performance compared to contemporaries with flathead engines and contributed to its success in stock car racing.^[80]^[81] By the mid-1950s, engines evolved to a 324-cubic-inch (5.3 L) V8 in models like the 1955 Eighty-Eight sedan, paired with a three-speed manual or optional Hydra-Matic automatic transmission for rear-wheel-drive configuration.^[82] Later generations from the 1980s onward shifted to more efficient 3.8-liter (231 ci) V6 engines producing 170-240 horsepower, emphasizing fuel economy amid regulatory changes.^[83]

In organizations and media

The 88 is an American indie rock and power pop band formed in 2003 in Los Angeles, California, consisting primarily of Keith Slettedahl on vocals and guitar and Adam Merrin on keyboards and vocals.^[84] ^[85] The band's name references the 88 keys on a standard piano, reflecting their keyboard-heavy sound influenced by British Invasion and David Bowie styles.^[86] They released albums such as Von Trier (2005) and Not Far from the River (2008), gaining recognition through independent marketing and festival appearances like SXSW.^[87] 88mph is a seed-stage venture capital firm and accelerator founded in 2011, headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, with an additional office in Cape Town, South Africa.^[88] ^[89] It focuses on early-stage web and mobile technology companies targeting African markets, providing investments of around $25,000 per startup along with mentorship and office space during three-month programs.^[90] By 2021, the firm had invested in over 40 companies.^[91] In motorsports media, the number 88 has been prominently associated with NASCAR, particularly the No. 88 Chevrolet driven by Dale Earnhardt Jr. for Hendrick Motorsports from 2008 to 2017.^[92] Earnhardt Jr. competed in 340 races with the car, securing 9 wins, and it featured various sponsor paint schemes commemorated in his final season.^[93] ^[94] The number returned to NASCAR's Xfinity Series in 2025 with JR Motorsports, driven by Connor Zilisch under crew chief Mardy Lindley.^[95] The 2015 Canadian thriller film 88, directed by April Mullen and written by Tim Doiron, stars Katharine Isabelle as a woman awakening in a diner with amnesia, embarking on a revenge quest across dual timelines involving violence and betrayal.^[96] Featuring Christopher Lloyd in a supporting role, the 88-minute film premiered at festivals and received mixed reviews for its stylistic execution despite narrative flaws.^[97] It explores themes of trauma and retribution without direct numerical symbolism tied to the title.^[98]

References

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Number 88 is a composite number. Factors of 88 are 2^3 * 11. Number 88 has 8 divisors: 1, 2, 4, 8, 11, 22, 44, 88. Sum of the divisors is 180.
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Dec 14, 2015 · An 88-sided polygon is called an octacontaoctagon. Isn't that just a lovely name? Just imagine all the happy little shapes you could create with ...What is the name of an 800 sided polygon?Why does 800 sided polygon is called as a 800 sided ...More results from math.answers.com
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Standard tuning fork A is A4=440Hz. Piano range is A0=27.50Hz to C8=4186Hz. Guitar strings are E2=82.41Hz, A2=110Hz, D3=146.8Hz, G3=196Hz, B3=246.9Hz, E4=329.6 ...
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(AP Armor Piercing), 88mm 9.4Kg 810M/Sec. Quoted Penetration 105mm @ 1000mtr/30° ( ≈ 121mm/0°). Range(Mtr), 100, 200, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400.
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[39]
German 88mm Flak Gun (Stalingrad 1942) - WWII Forums
Dec 26, 2012 · The guns did indeed prove very useful against Soviet tank attack ; in late September when the Don Front attacked 6th Army to the North of ...Missing: performance | Show results with:performance
[40]
The Weapon GIs Hated Worst - HistoryNet
Aug 9, 2018 · In contrast, what made the German gun especially useful was its high mobility. The 88 had an eleven-man crew consisting of gun commander, gun ...
[41]
German 88mm Artillery: Flak 18/36/37 | Defense Media Network
Aug 19, 2013 · The German 88mm Flak has to be considered the most famous artillery piece of World War II. Designed as an anti-aircraft gun in the 1920s.<|separator|>
[42]
Why was the Soviet 85mm inferior to the German 88mm (kwk 36 ...
Jul 21, 2021 · The Soviet 85mm cannon, like its German 88mm and American 90mm counterparts, was a modification of an existing anti-aircraft cannon. All of ...How come the Soviet designers where able to fit an 85mm gun into ...How does the T34/85 85mm gun performance compare with ... - QuoraMore results from www.quora.com
[43]
Japanese 75mm Anti-Aircraft Gun Type 88 (1928) - Pacific Wrecks
The 75mm Type 88 had a 75mm caliber, 2,360 fps muzzle velocity, 20 rpm rate of fire, 15,000 yard horizontal range, 30,000 feet vertical range, and used AA, HE, ...
[44]
Type-88 75mm Anti-Aircraft Artillery - GlobalSecurity.org
Jun 14, 2019 · The Type-88 75mm was a truck-drawn, mobile anti-aircraft gun adopted in 1928, with a low rate of fire and reach, and a 15-20 shots/min rate.<|separator|>
[45]
Anti-ship missile system SSM-1 (Type-88) - Missilery.info
The SSM-1 (Type-88) is a Japanese coastal anti-ship missile system developed by Mitsubishi, adopted in 1988, with a 150-180 km range, and a battery including ...Description · Composition
[46]
Breaking News: Japan Conducts First Ever Type 88 Anti-Ship ...
Jun 25, 2025 · The missile is powered by a solid-fuel booster and a turbojet engine, offering a maximum range of up to 180 kilometers. During its flight, the ...
[47]
[PDF] North Korean Small Arms and Light Weapons: Recognition Guide
North Korean Small Arms and Light Weapons / Recognition Guide. Weapons identification. Type 88 rifle. Small arms. Type. Self-loading rifle. Calibre. 5.45 × 39 ...<|separator|>
[48]
Type 88: The North Korean Army's AK-74 Alternative
Nov 18, 2021 · The Type 88 is a copy of the AK-74 assault rifle, whose primary advantage over the AK-47 was the adoption of the smaller, lighter 5.45- ...
[49]
QBU-88 - Modern Firearms
Length: 920 mm. Feed Mechanism: 10 rounds detachable box magazine. Effective range: up to 800 meters. The QBU-88 rifle (also sometimesreferred to as Type 88 ...
[50]
Sniper Rifle - NORINCO QBU-88 (Type 88) - Military Factory
The QBU-88 firing action is accomplished through gas operation of a short stroke piston mechanism and offers up an effective range of up to 800 meters.
[51]
Lucky and Unlucky Numbers in China: Symbolism (8,4)
8 is the luckiest number in China. 6, 9, and others are also lucky. 4 is very unlucky. Cultural meanings, fengshui, and the zodiac dictate number luck.<|separator|>
[52]
Lucky numbers and their secret meanings in Chinese culture
With a pronunciation similar to the word for "fortune" (发 - fā) in Mandarin, the number eight (八 - bā) has become synonymous with wealth and prosperity.
[53]
Lucky Numbers in China: Cultural Significance and a Traveler's Guide
88 – 八八 (Bā Bā): Extremely Lucky: Double “8” signifies double wealth and prosperity. It's one of the luckiest combinations, often seen in prices, gifts, and ...
[54]
Numbers game in China - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune
Jul 4, 2006 · A regional Chinese airline reportedly paid about 2.4 million yuan, or $300,000, to have 8888 8888 for a telephone number. Chinese newspapers ...
[55]
Buyers quick off mark as Hong Kong car plates 'S' and '88' go for ...
Feb 16, 2025 · 'S' plate, a rare single-letter registration mark, fetches HK$14.2 million while “88” makes HK$11.4 million.
[56]
Taiwan's vanity plates sell for big bucks - Taipei Times
Apr 26, 2022 · The license plate BMW-8888 went for NT$890,000 (US$30,333) in a 2016 auction, while VVV-8888 fetched NT$881,000 in 2019.
[57]
[PDF] How much would you pay for lucky numbers? - Economics
Apr 14, 2025 · Our paper examines the valuation of numerological superstition using the Hong Kong license plate market as a case study. Combining empirical ...
[58]
Chinese Lucky & Unlucky Numbers Guide: Symbolism, Meanings
Aug 28, 2025 · In Chinese culture, 8, 2, 6, 9 are lucky numbers due to their auspicious sounds/associations. 4, 7, 3 are unlucky numbers with unfavorable ...
[59]
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Chronicles%2011%3A21&version=NIV
[60]
Meaning of the Number 88 in the Bible
The king's 88 children are the largest recorded royal family of any ruler over Israel or Judah. This is in stark contrast to his father Solomon who, although he ...
[61]
Angel number 88: Here's what the number means in Numerology ...
Nov 15, 2023 · In the Bible, angel number 88 can be related to the number 8. This number represents resurrection and regeneration, signifying the act of ...
[62]
Numerology Number 88 Meaning - Numerologist PRO
The numerology of 88: A lesson in learning from mistakes and karma. This number gives beauty and charisma but also brings tests in life.
[63]
Number 88 Meaning - Affinity Numerology
88 is analytical, intuitive, and efficient. It has a scientific approach, but is also introspective and comfortable with spiritual matters.
[64]
Number 88 Symbolism, 88 Meaning and Numerology
Dec 19, 1998 · The number eight being the symbol of the infinity, 88 symbolizes the double directions of the infinity of the universe, that is to say the ...
[65]
ANGEL NUMBER 88
Jul 15, 2011 · Angel Number 88 is a powerful vibration telling of achievements, success, striving forward, progress and attainment.
[66]
Ham Radio Abbreviations - Electronics Notes
88 - Love and kisses, a greeting sent by radio amateurs over ... This abbreviation really means OK and it is widely used for ham radio Morse transmissions.
[67]
ORIGINS OF HAMSPEAK, CQ, 73, DX, etc. - AC6V
The actual source of "73" and "88" was the list of numerical abbreviations used by wire telegraphers. These abbreviations were used in a manner similar to Q ...
[68]
88, Or How Telegraphers Coded 'Love and Kisses' - The Atlantic
Jan 6, 2014 · 88 was the fastest possible way to transmit love. It was the emoji heart of its day. (It's something else today, sadly.)
[69]
“Best Regards,” “Love and Kisses,” and “the End” Decoded
Feb 12, 2021 · “73” meant “best regards” and was often used to conclude a correspondence. For more familiar good-byes, “88” could be used for “love and kisses.”
[70]
David Lane - Southern Poverty Law Center
A member of the terrorist group The Order, which was responsible for the 1984 assassination of Jewish radio host Alan Berg and many other crimes, Lane became ...Missing: code | Show results with:code
[71]
14 Words - ADL
14 Words is a reference to the popular white supremacist slogan: "We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children."
[72]
15 prison tattoos and their meanings - Corrections1
Apr 30, 2024 · Aryan Brotherhood. Aryan brotherhood.png. Media Lib. This prison gang has a variety of tattoos to look out for, ranging from 'AB' to Nazi ...
[73]
Unite the Right Rallies - ADL
A weekend of deadly white supremacist rallies in Charlottesville, Virginia, threw a spotlight on the profound threat posed by domestic extremism.Missing: 88 | Show results with:88
[74]
The Escalating Terrorism Problem in the United States - CSIS
Jun 17, 2020 · Based on a CSIS data set of terrorist incidents, the most significant threat likely comes from white supremacists, though anarchists and ...
[75]
Highways | Interstate 88 - Larry's Phat Page
Total length: 140 miles (226 km) ; Western terminus: East Moline, IL, at JCT I-80 ; Eastern terminus: Hillside, IL, at JCT I-290.
[76]
New York State Roads - I-88 Exit List
Interstate 88 is a rural freeway running from Binghamton to Albany. It was not part of the original interstate system but was added in 1968.
[77]
California State Route 88 - AARoads Wiki
Aug 6, 2025 · SR 88 begins just outside Stockton as Waterloo Road, heading northeast towards Waterloo and Lockeford. After leaving the city, the route passes ...
[78]
Colorado State Highway 88 - Wikipedia
State Highway 88 (SH 88) is a state highway located within the Denver Metropolitan Area in the US state of Colorado. Spanning 19.171 miles (30.853 km)
[79]
Oklahoma State Highway 88 - AARoads Wiki
Sep 27, 2024 · State Highway 88, abbreviated to SH-88 or OK-88, is a state highway in Oklahoma. It runs for 26.0 miles (42 km) north–south through Rogers ...
[80]
State Route 88 (Apache Trail) - Arizona Department of Transportation
ADOT has reopened the 5-mile unpaved section of State Route 88 (Apache Trail) from Fish Creek Vista (milepost 222) to milepost 227 near Reavis Trailhead Road.Missing: United States
[81]
The 1949-53 Oldsmobile 88 was a breakthrough design, so why ...
Dec 13, 2018 · The first generation Oldsmobile 88 was a hugely important car. When it came out in 1949, it introduced one of the first postwar overhead valve V-8 designs.
[82]
Oldsmobile's Rocket 88 | NASCAR Hall of Fame | Curators' Corner
Mar 16, 2023 · The 88 represented a sweet spot – it came equipped with the powerful 303-cubic-inch Rocket 88 engine, one of the first modern V-8s with overhead ...
[83]
1955 Oldsmobile 88 2gen 4-Door Sedan full range specs
4-door sedan body type; RWD (rear- wheel drive), manual 3-speed gearbox; gasoline (petrol) engine with displacement: 5315 cm3 / 324.3 cui, advertised ...
[84]
Oldsmobile Eighty Eight Guide
The engines during this era included the 3.8L 3800 Series I and II V6 engines, with horsepower ranging from 170 to 240, depending on whether the engine was ...
[85]
The 88 - MusicBrainz
Sep 10, 2017 · The 88 was an American pop rock band from Los Angeles, California. The group consisted of Keith Slettedahl (vocals and guitar), Adam Merrin ...
[86]
The 88 reviews, music, news - Sputnikmusic
The 88 are an American pop rock band from Los Angeles, California. The Group consists of Keith Slettedahl (vocals and guitar), Adam Merrin (keyboards and ...
[87]
The 88 Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More | Al... - AllMusic
The 88 (followed by 11 users) ; Active. 2000s ; Formed. in Calabasas, CA ; Genre. Pop/Rock ; Styles. Alternative/Indie Rock, Indie Rock ; Group Members. Carlos ( ...Missing: formation | Show results with:formation
[88]
SXSW Interview: The 88 - 30 Days Out
Mar 14, 2010 · But they're completely 21st century – The 88 have used the internet to market their three indie releases and their sole major-label album Not ...
[89]
88mph investment portfolio | PitchBook
Founded in 2011, 88mph is an accelerator firm based in Nairobi, Kenya. The firm seeks to invest in early-stage companies operating in the technology sector ...
[90]
88mph - TeaserClub
88mph is a venture capital firm and accelerator founded in 2011, with headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya, and an additional office in Cape Town, South Africa.
[91]
Meet the 10 startups that debuted at 88mph's Demo Day - Ventureburn
Sep 15, 2025 · 88mph provided each startup with seed-funding to the value of US$25 000, office space and utilities for the three months, as well as mentorship ...Missing: firm | Show results with:firm
[92]
88mph - 2025 Investor Profile, Portfolio, Team & Investment Trends
Sep 19, 2025 · 88mph is a venture capital firm founded in 2010. It is primarily based out of Nairobi, Kenya. As of Aug 2021, 88mph has invested in 40 companies ...
[93]
Through the years: Drivers of the No. 88 - NASCAR.com
Dale Earnhardt Jr.: Joining Hendrick Motorsports in 2008, Junior drove the No. 88 through the 2017 season after years of being in the No. 8. 19 of 21. Getty ...
[94]
88 — The r/NASCAR Historian
From 2008-2017 Dale Earnhardt Jr. was the driver of the #88 for Hendrick Motorsports. He started 340 races and has 9 wins in the number.
[95]
Evolution of Earnhardt's No. 88 paint schemes - Hendrick Motorsports
In honor of Dale Earnhardt Jr.'s final ride in the No. 88 at Homestead-Miami Speedway, take a look back at his paint schemes through the years.
[96]
No. 88 - 2025 - JR Motorsports
Crew chief Mardy Lindley will have a new driver for 2025 as well as a new car number, with Connor Zilisch joining as driver of the No. 88 Chevrolet for JR ...<|separator|>
[97]
88 (2015) - IMDb
Rating 4.9/10 (3,708) 88: Directed by April Mullen. With Katharine Isabelle, Christopher Lloyd, Tim Doiron, Kyle Schmid. A young woman comes to in a roadside diner with no idea ...Todos los temas · Full cast & crew · Christopher Lloyd, April Mullen · Parents guide
[98]
88 - Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 26% (24) Discover reviews, ratings, and trailers for 88 on Rotten Tomatoes. Stay updated with critic and audience scores today!
[99]
88 (2015) - User reviews - IMDb
-The pace is good, but the flashbacks are even out of order, making some of them feel unnecessary, and making the film feel a little too long. For an 88 minute ...