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Ads

'''Ads''' may refer to:
  • [[Advertising]], the practice of promoting products, services, or ideas
==Arts, entertainment, and media==
  • ''Ads'' (broadcasting), a term for advertisements in media
  • ''Ads'' (video games), possibly referring to in-game advertising or ad-supported models
==Aviation==
  • ADS (surveillance systems), such as Automatic Dependent Surveillance
  • ADS (regulatory directives), aviation-related standards or directives
==Science and technology== ==Other uses==
  • ADS (finance), e.g., American Depositary Shares
  • ADS (organizations), various acronyms
  • ADS (miscellaneous), other meanings

Arts, entertainment, and media

Broadcasting

ADS served as the callsign for a pioneering in , , launched on 24 October 1959 by Advertiser Newspapers Ltd., the publisher of the local daily newspaper The Advertiser. As the second station in the city following NWS-9's debut earlier that year, ADS-7 quickly established itself as a key affiliate of the Seven Network, drawing on staff from the affiliated radio station 5AD and the local theater community to build its operations. Initial broadcasts were in , featuring live programming that included bulletins, shows, and imported series, reflecting the early era's emphasis on real-time production. Key milestones in ADS-7's history included its expansion to color broadcasting on 1 March 1975, aligning with the national switchover that enhanced visual quality and viewer engagement across Australian networks. The station maintained its affiliation until a significant channel swap on 27 December 1987, when ownership changes led to ADS-7 exchanging frequencies with SAS-10, resulting in ADS becoming 10 while retaining its callsign but shifting to . ADS began terrestrial transmissions on 1 January 2001 as part of the national rollout to major cities including , improving signal reliability and enabling multi-channel services. As of 2025, ADS remains the callsign for 10's station, broadcasting from studios in Eastwood and producing local news such as .) ADS-7 played a vital role in shaping South Australia's media landscape by prioritizing local content tailored to regional audiences, such as the flagship (Adelaide edition), which provided daily coverage of state-specific events from its North Adelaide studios starting in 1959. Entertainment programming highlighted unique South Australian flavors, exemplified by the station's launch night hosted by Bennett, which showcased local talent and set a tone for community-focused variety and drama productions throughout the and . This emphasis on regionally relevant news and fostered a distinct identity for viewers amid the growing national broadcast ecosystem.

Video games

In () video games, ADS refers to "Aiming Down Sights," a core mechanic that enables players to align their viewpoint with a weapon's or for enhanced precision during targeting. This feature shifts the camera to a zoomed-in perspective, reducing bullet spread and improving accuracy compared to hip-fire shooting, where weapons are fired from a lowered position without sighting. Introduced to simulate real-world marksmanship, ADS became a staple in titles to balance fast-paced action with tactical depth. The mechanic gained widespread popularity with the series beginning with (2003), which integrated ADS as a key element of its World War II-themed gameplay, allowing players to toggle between hip-fire and sighted aiming for more immersive combat encounters. Unlike earlier games that relied solely on central crosshairs, 's implementation emphasized realism by incorporating weapon-specific sight alignments, setting a precedent for subsequent entries in the series and influencing genre standards. While (1999) emphasized precision through crosshair-based aiming without dedicated ADS, it contributed to the broader evolution of skill-based shooting mechanics in competitive environments.) Technically, ADS is triggered via dedicated input controls, such as the right mouse button on PC or the left trigger/LT on consoles, which instantly adjusts the player's field of view (FOV) to mimic optical zoom. In hip-fire mode, the FOV typically spans around 90° horizontally to provide broad situational awareness, but ADS narrows it to approximately 60° or less, tightening the view cone for distant targets while introducing trade-offs like slower movement speed. This FOV reduction enhances realism by replicating the focused perspective of peering through sights, though it can limit peripheral vision in close-quarters scenarios. In modern esports and console gaming, ADS has evolved to support balanced competitive play, particularly in titles like (2017) and (2020). These games refine the mechanic with dynamic adjustments, such as heightened recoil patterns during ADS to discourage overuse in rapid engagements, ensuring hip-fire remains viable for mobility-focused strategies. For instance, applies ADS selectively to certain weapons like SMGs for burst accuracy, while integrates it with building mechanics to reward precise peeking. This progression reflects influences from military simulations, where sighted aiming prioritizes control over speed.

Aviation

Surveillance systems

Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) is a satellite-based surveillance technology used in for tracking and , where automatically transmit their , altitude, , and other via datalink to providers and other . This system relies on onboard navigation equipment, primarily (GPS) receivers, to determine the 's location with high accuracy, typically achieving integrity limits of less than 0.2 nautical miles and reported accuracy of less than 0.05 nautical miles. ADS enhances in areas lacking traditional coverage, such as oceanic and remote regions, by enabling precise, real-time monitoring without ground-based interrogation. A significant advancement in ADS is space-based ADS-B, which uses satellites to receive ADS-B signals globally, providing coverage over oceans and polar regions where ground receivers are infeasible. Operational since 2019 in the North Atlantic through partnerships like Aireon with NEXT satellites, it has expanded worldwide, enabling reduced separation minima and improved safety. As of 2025, space-based ADS-B has been certified by the (EASA) as a provider, supporting ICAO's global navigation goals and transforming in remote . There are two primary variants of ADS: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract (ADS-C). ADS-B operates by continuously broadcasting data from the to any compatible receiver within range, using frequencies like 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (ES) or 978 MHz Universal Access Transceiver (UAT), with transmissions occurring every 0.5 to 1 second to support dense environments. In contrast, ADS-C is a point-to-point system tailored for low-traffic areas, where and service providers establish a "" specifying transmission types, such as periodic reports every 10 to 30 minutes, event-based updates (e.g., for deviations), or on-demand requests. Key components include the 's GPS for positioning, for data processing, and satellite or VHF datalinks (like VDL Mode 2 for ADS-C) for transmission, ensuring compatibility with ICAO standards outlined in Annex 10, Volume IV. The development of ADS began in the mid-1990s under ICAO initiatives to modernize global air traffic , with early standards and concepts for automatic dependent formalized in ICAO's 1995 of the Council, emphasizing with emerging systems. Implementation progressed through ICAO's Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS-ATM, Doc 4444), which define ADS operations and performance requirements, leading to widespread adoption. By 2020, ADS-B became mandatory in high-traffic airspaces, including U.S. under FAA rules (14 CFR 91.225), to support NextGen . ADS-C has been operational in oceanic regions since the late 1990s, with trials in starting in 1999. One of the primary benefits of ADS is the reduction in separation minima, improving efficiency and capacity. In oceanic , where procedural separation previously required 50 nautical miles longitudinally and laterally, ADS-C enables reductions to 30 nautical miles, as implemented by the FAA in 2005 for equipped in the North Atlantic. Similarly, ADS-B supports radar-like precision in continental areas, allowing separations as low as 3-5 nautical miles in en-route , which has led to fuel savings, reduced emissions, and fewer in high-density corridors. These advancements align with ICAO's global navigation satellite system (GNSS) framework, promoting equitable surveillance capabilities worldwide.

Regulatory directives

Airworthiness Directives (ADs) are legally enforceable regulations issued by aviation authorities such as the (FAA) in the United States and the (EASA) to address unsafe conditions in , engines, propellers, or appliances. Under 14 CFR Part 39, the FAA defines ADs as mandatory instructions designed to correct or prevent conditions that could compromise flight safety, ensuring continued airworthiness of aviation products. Their primary purpose is to mitigate identified hazards that may exist or develop in similar products, thereby protecting public safety through required inspections, repairs, or modifications. ADs are categorized into several types based on urgency and procedural needs, including normal (or standard) ADs issued through a notice of proposed followed by a final rule, emergency ADs for immediate action, and superseding ADs that replace or amend prior directives. Normal ADs allow for public comment before finalization, while ADs this for rapid implementation when an imminent is identified. Superseding ADs update existing requirements, often incorporating new data or revised procedures without standalone compliance if the prior AD is fully addressed. The issuance process begins with hazard identification, often through service difficulty reports (SDRs) submitted by operators to alert authorities of defects or malfunctions. Upon determining an unsafe condition likely affecting other products, the FAA develops the AD, which is then published in the as a final rule or proposed rulemaking. Compliance deadlines vary: emergency ADs require immediate action, such as grounding until rectified, whereas normal ADs specify time-based or cycle-based limits for operators to complete mandated actions. EASA follows a parallel process, publishing ADs in the Official Journal of the , with efforts toward global post-2000 enhancing reciprocal acceptance between authorities like the FAA and EASA through bilateral agreements. A notable historical example is the response to the 1988 Aloha Airlines Flight 243 incident, where explosive decompression from fuselage failure prompted the FAA to issue an emergency airworthiness directive mandating detailed inspections of lap joints on Boeing 737-200 aircraft. This AD, building on prior directives like AD 87-21-08, required operators to examine high-stress areas for corrosion and fatigue, leading to widespread repairs and influencing maintenance standards for aging fleets. Such events underscored the role of ADs in proactive safety, contributing to post-2000 international harmonization initiatives that align FAA and EASA procedures for efficient cross-border compliance.

Science and technology

Computing

Active Directory Services (AD DS), often abbreviated as ADS, is a implemented by for networks, enabling centralized , , and management of users, computers, and other network resources. Introduced as a core component of Server, AD DS replaced earlier domain management technologies like NT domains and provided a scalable framework for enterprise environments. It stores directory objects—such as user accounts, groups, computers, and printers—in a hierarchical database, accessible via the (LDAP) for querying and modification operations. This protocol allows clients to perform searches and updates on directory entries, supporting standards-based interoperability while integrating with Windows-specific extensions for enhanced functionality. The architecture of AD DS is organized in a logical consisting of , trees, and forests, which facilitate partitioning and replication of directory data across distributed networks. A represents a boundary and administrative unit containing objects with a shared , while trees group multiple into a contiguous with a common root , and forests encompass one or more trees sharing a common schema and global catalog. Key features include Objects (GPOs), which are collections of settings linked to sites, , or organizational units to enforce policies, , and across the network. Replication occurs through a multi-master model, where changes made on any are propagated to others using a store-and-forward , ensuring while minimizing conflicts via update sequence numbers and timestamps. Over time, AD DS has evolved to support cloud environments through integration with (formerly Azure Active Directory), enabling of on-premises identities to the cloud for seamless and access management. This capability was advanced with the introduction of Azure AD Connect in 2014, building on AD's preview release in 2013, to facilitate bidirectional of user and group objects between AD DS and Entra ID. AD DS demonstrates high scalability, supporting forests with millions of objects—such as over 100 million users in large deployments—and handling up to 2.15 billion objects per over its lifetime, making it suitable for global enterprises managing vast networks.

Military applications

The (ADS) is a non-lethal developed by the U.S. military for , area denial, and perimeter security. It employs a focused beam of 95 GHz millimeter waves to rapidly heat the surface layer of to approximately 44°C (111°F), inducing an intolerable burning sensation that prompts individuals to flee without causing penetration beyond about 0.4 mm or long-term harm. Developed by under the U.S. and the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate, the system completed its Advanced Concept Technology Demonstrator phase by the end of 2005 and underwent extensive testing, including evaluations on over 15,000 volunteers with a reported injury rate below 0.1% and no permanent injuries observed. The ADS has an effective range of up to 1 km, allowing engagement beyond distances while minimizing collateral effects due to its beam precision. In 2010, a vehicle-mounted ADS prototype was deployed to as part of U.S. operations but was withdrawn without combat use after commanders determined there was no operational need, amid concerns over potential negative public perception and ethical optics. Despite demonstrations and further refinements, such as solid-state versions for lighter mounting on Marine Corps vehicles, the system has not been widely fielded, though it continues to influence non-lethal directed-energy research. In naval contexts, "ADS" refers to Air Defense Ship classifications, denoting vessels optimized for anti-aircraft roles. During , the U.S. employed hull code AD for destroyer tenders that supported anti-aircraft operations by maintaining escort vessels equipped for air defense, though dedicated air defense ships evolved from earlier and designs. In modern usage, the term gained prominence with the Indian 's Project 71, initially designated as an Air Defence Ship (ADS) in the early 1990s to enhance carrier-based air defense capabilities. Approved in 2003 and redesigned from an initial 20,000-ton concept to 37,500 tons, the project shifted to Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC) nomenclature in 2006, culminating in —the first vessel of the class—laid down in 2009 and launched on August 12, 2013. , commissioned in 2022, integrates advanced air defense features, including vertical launch systems for missiles like the Barak-8. Historically, air defense ship designs have progressed from WWII-era anti-aircraft platforms reliant on gun-based systems to contemporary integrated architectures, exemplified by the U.S. Navy's Aegis Combat System introduced in 1983 on cruisers like USS Ticonderoga (CG-47). Aegis employs phased-array radar and vertical launch missiles for multi-threat air and missile defense, representing a shift toward networked, automated protection for carrier groups and surface fleets. This evolution has influenced global navies, including India's, in incorporating similar command-and-control integrations for enhanced force projection.

Physical sciences

In the physical sciences, the acronym ADS primarily refers to two significant systems: the Astrophysics Data System and the Advanced Design System software. The Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is a NASA-funded digital library operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, serving as a comprehensive repository for astronomical and astrophysical literature. Established with its initial web-based interface in 1994 and full operational linking to journals by 1995, ADS has evolved into a critical tool for researchers worldwide, indexing over 28 million records across astronomy, astrophysics, physics, and related fields like heliophysics and planetary sciences. It includes all arXiv e-prints and provides access to abstracts, full-text articles, and scanned historical documents dating back to the 19th century. Key features encompass advanced search capabilities, such as full-text querying, author and keyword searches, and browsable interfaces for exploring collections. ADS facilitates citation tracking and bibliometric , enabling users to monitor scholarly impact through metrics like counts and statistics, which support research evaluation and discovery in . Its integration with open-access platforms, including direct links to and publisher archives, promotes widespread dissemination of preprints and peer-reviewed papers, with agreements covering nearly all major astronomical journals. This role has made ADS indispensable for collaborative research, as evidenced by its use in over 8 million documents and recognition from scientific societies for advancing in astronomy. The Advanced Design System (ADS) is an (EDA) software developed by Technologies, specialized for simulating and designing RF and circuits. It employs for circuit layout, alongside electromagnetic (EM) solvers like the 3D planar simulator, to model high-frequency behaviors accurately. Supporting frequencies up to and beyond 100 GHz, ADS handles mmWave applications critical to modern communications. As of 2025, the software has been updated to version ADS 2025, incorporating advanced features for research, / automation, and support. Core simulation algorithms include , a frequency-domain for analyzing nonlinear in analog RF systems, which efficiently solves large-scale circuits by balancing harmonic components. In research contexts, ADS software is widely applied in physical sciences for , where it integrates circuit-level simulations with analysis to optimize and , reducing hardware prototyping needs. For instance, it verifies compliance with standards through (EVM) simulations and supports electrothermal modeling for high-power RF components. This has enabled advancements in wireless technologies, with the tool's modular environment allowing seamless workflow from schematic to system verification.

Other uses

Finance

An American Depositary Share (ADS) is a financial instrument representing ownership of shares in a foreign company, enabling those shares to be traded on U.S. stock exchanges in U.S. dollars without the need for direct foreign market access. ADSs are issued by U.S. depositary banks, such as JPMorgan, which hold the underlying foreign securities and issue receipts to U.S. investors. These instruments operate under exemptions like SEC Rule 12g3-2(b), which allows eligible foreign private issuers to furnish English translations of their home-country disclosures to the SEC instead of full U.S. registration and reporting. For example, Alibaba Group Holding Limited's ADSs, issued through a depositary bank and listed on the New York Stock Exchange, began trading in 2014, providing U.S. investors exposure to the Chinese e-commerce giant. Trading mechanics of ADSs involve a specified ratio between the ADS and the underlying foreign shares, which adjusts the price and ownership proportion; for instance, one Alibaba ADS represents eight ordinary shares of the company. Depositary banks manage corporate actions, including dividend distributions, by converting payments from the foreign company's currency to U.S. dollars and deducting any applicable fees before remitting to ADS holders. Tax implications arise for non-U.S. persons holding ADSs, with depositaries required to withhold taxes on U.S.-sourced income like dividends and report details via IRS Form 1042-S, which documents the gross income, withholding, and net amount paid. The ADS structure originated in 1927, when created the first for the British retailer , allowing U.S. investors to trade foreign equities amid post-World War I interest in international markets. This innovation grew significantly over the decades, with over 2,000 ADS programs listed as of , spanning companies from more than 70 countries.

Organizations

The Association for Dental Safety (ADS) is a dedicated to advancing dental prevention, , and professional in oral health care. Originally founded in 1984 as the Organization for Safety, Asepsis and Prevention (OSAP), it rebranded to ADS in 2024 to better reflect its mission. ADS serves as a for dentists and dental professionals, offering resources, training programs, and annual conferences focused on best practices in , , and . Through efforts, it influences policies on control standards within the U.S. dental community and promotes evidence-based guidelines to enhance oral health outcomes. Historically, ADS has played a pivotal role in shaping U.S. dental safety protocols, particularly in response to emerging infectious disease challenges since the 1980s, including contributions to national guidelines on sterilization and barrier techniques. The organization fosters international collaborations, partnering with global health bodies to share resources and harmonize standards for dental practice worldwide. These efforts have supported cross-border education initiatives and policy alignment on oral health prevention. The Australian Diabetes Society (ADS) is Australia's premier nonprofit medical and scientific body addressing , , and clinical care. Established in 1973, it comprises over 1,100 members, primarily endocrinologists, researchers, and health professionals, and operates through programs that fund innovative studies, develop evidence-based clinical guidelines, and host annual scientific meetings for . ADS emphasizes for improved policies and supports multidisciplinary approaches to prevention and management. In its historical contributions, ADS has influenced Australian health policy by funding key research that informed national diabetes strategies and by collaborating internationally with organizations like the International Diabetes Federation to advance global clinical standards and resource sharing. Other notable entities include the (ADS), a nonprofit founded in 1889 to promote the scientific study of the English language and its varieties in ; it conducts educational outreach through publications, annual conferences, and advocacy for linguistic diversity. Additionally, the (ADS), launched in 1992 as a NASA-funded managed by the , serves as a critical initiative for the astronomical community, providing to millions of publications and datasets that support research efforts aligned with organizations like the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.

Miscellaneous

In informal digital contexts, particularly on platforms since the early , "ADS" or more commonly "ads" serves as for advertisements, often highlighting user experiences like "ads fatigue," where repeated exposure to promotional content leads to diminished engagement and annoyance. This usage reflects the proliferation of targeted , where users encounter personalized promotions across feeds, contributing to broader discussions on digital overload and concerns in computational advertising environments. In wireless communication protocols, "ADS" can refer to advertising mechanisms integral to device discovery, as seen in (BLE), a low-power variant aligned with the IEEE 802.15.1 standard for personal area networks. BLE employs advertising packets—short broadcasts on specific channels—to enable peripherals to announce their presence and services, facilitating scanning and connection by central devices without prior , which supports applications like beacons and connectivity. In , "ADS" abbreviates acquired demyelinating syndromes, a group of immune-mediated disorders that includes (ADEM), a rare condition characterized by sudden inflammation and multifocal lesions, often post-infection or . This broader use of ADS appears in specialized pediatric and neurological reports, with ADEM specifically managed using corticosteroids and supportive care.

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