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Aug

August (abbreviated Aug.) is the eighth month of the Gregorian calendar, positioned between July and September and comprising 31 days.^[1]^[2] The month originated as Sextilis, the sixth month in the early Roman calendar, but was renamed Augustus in 8 BCE to honor the emperor Augustus Caesar, who had it adjusted to 31 days to match July's length, reflecting his political prestige.^[3]^[4] In the Northern Hemisphere, August generally falls within the summer season, often associated with peak vacation periods and agricultural harvests, while in the Southern Hemisphere, it aligns with winter.^[5] Notable annual observances include various national independence days and international events, underscoring its role in modern calendars despite its ancient imperial renaming, which prioritized ruler veneration over prior numerical sequencing.^[3]

Abbreviations and symbols

Abbreviation for August

"Aug." serves as the standard three-letter abbreviation for August, the eighth month in the Gregorian calendar, which consists of 31 days and follows July.^[6] This abbreviation facilitates concise representation in date formats, such as "15 Aug 2025," commonly employed in English-language business correspondence, calendars, and documentation to avoid spelling out the full month name.^[7] The month August originated as Sextilis, the sixth month in the early Roman calendar, reflecting its position before the addition of January and February.^[8] In 46 BC, Julius Caesar's calendar reform extended Sextilis from 29 to 31 days, aligning it with July to prevent the latter from having more days, as part of broader adjustments to synchronize the lunar and solar years.^[9] The renaming to Augustus occurred in 8 BC via a Roman Senate plebiscite to honor Emperor Augustus, whose title derived from the Latin augustus meaning "venerable" or "majestic," commemorating his achievements including the conquest of Egypt and multiple consulships.^[10]^[4] This abbreviation persists due to the enduring influence of the Roman-derived Julian and Gregorian calendars on Western temporal systems, with "Aug" achieving widespread standardization in modern English usage without notable alternatives in formal contexts, though periods may appear as "Aug." in certain style guides.^[11] Unlike numeric formats in ISO 8601 (e.g., 2025-08), alphabetic abbreviations like "Aug" prioritize readability in non-digital, abbreviated notations across international English-adopting regions.^[12]

IMA symbol for augite

The "Aug" symbol represents augite in the standardized list of mineral abbreviations approved by the International Mineralogical Association's Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (IMA-CNMNC), enabling consistent reference in mineralogical databases and petrological nomenclature.^[13] Augite, a clinopyroxene-group silicate, possesses the general formula (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)₂O₆, with end-member compositions varying by substitution of Fe²⁺ for Mg and minor Al or Ti incorporation, yielding molecular weights around 236 g/mol.^[14] It forms prismatic to blocky crystals in the monoclinic system, displays vitreous luster, and ranges from dark green to black in color due to iron content, with a Mohs hardness of 5–6.5 and specific gravity of 3.2–3.6.^[15]^[14] This mineral crystallizes early from mafic magmas at temperatures exceeding 1000°C, serving as a key indicator of high-temperature igneous processes in rocks like basalt, gabbro, and peridotite, as well as in achondritic meteorites reflecting planetary differentiation.^[15] Documented sites include oceanic ridge basalts worldwide and layered intrusions such as South Africa's Bushveld Complex (dated ~2.06 billion years), where augite occurs in symplectites signaling late-stage fluid interactions during cooling.^[16] In geochemistry, "Aug" notation supports quantitative modal analysis and phase equilibria modeling, with empirical data from X-ray diffraction confirming lattice parameters (e.g., a ≈ 9.7 Å, β ≈ 105°) and spectroscopy revealing trace element partitioning that traces mantle source compositions and volcanic evolution.^[17]^[14]

Armaments

Steyr AUG

The Steyr AUG, designated Armee-Universal-Gewehr (Army Universal Rifle), is a bullpup assault rifle developed by Steyr Mannlicher in the early 1970s to meet Austrian Army requirements for a modular, compact standard-issue firearm.^[18] Prototyping began around 1970, with the design finalized by 1977 and official adoption by Austria in 1978 as the StG 77, replacing the StG 58.^[18]^[19] The bullpup configuration positions the action and magazine behind the trigger, enabling a 508 mm (20 in) barrel length within an overall length of 790 mm (31 in), enhancing maneuverability in confined spaces compared to conventional rifles of similar barrel size while maintaining ballistic performance.^[20] Chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO, the AUG employs a gas-operated short-stroke piston system for reliable cycling, a quick-change barrel allowing swaps in seconds without tools for hot or cold conditions, and extensive polymer construction reducing unloaded weight to 3.6 kg (7.9 lb).^[20]^[21] It features an integrated 1.5× optical sight for rapid target acquisition and a selective-fire mechanism supporting semi-automatic, fully automatic (up to 700 rounds per minute), and three-round burst modes.^[20] The design prioritizes modularity, with interchangeable barrels (e.g., 382 mm carbine or 508 mm rifle variants) and compatibility across roles from infantry to squad automatic via the HBAR (heavy barrel) configuration.^[20] Subsequent variants include the AUG A3, introduced around 2004, incorporating Picatinny rails for optics and accessories, improved ambidextrous controls, and enhanced ergonomics for left-handed users, addressing early right-side ejection limitations through optional conversion kits.^[22] Civilian semi-automatic models, such as the AUG/SA, feature fixed magazines or compliant modifications for legal markets.^[23] The AUG has been adopted by over 30 militaries worldwide, including Australia (F88 variant, 1988), Ireland, and New Zealand, demonstrating its versatility in diverse environments.^[24] Empirical testing highlights high reliability, with field reports and endurance evaluations showing consistent function in adverse conditions like dust and mud, as evidenced by minimal stoppages in operational use.^[25] Accuracy reaches effective ranges of 600 m with low recoil due to the bullpup's weight distribution and piston operation, outperforming some contemporaries in controllability during sustained fire.^[25] In conflicts such as the Gulf War, limited deployments by allied forces confirmed resilience in desert operations, with no widespread failures reported.^[26] Criticisms center on the stock trigger pull, ranging from 4.5 to 8 lb with a two-stage design prone to creep, though aftermarket springs or replacement packs reduce this to around 3-4 lb without compromising safety.^[25] Early ergonomics favored right-handers, but A3 upgrades and bolt conversions mitigate ejection issues.^[22] In the U.S., the 1994 Federal Assault Weapons Ban restricted AUG imports until its expiration in 2004, classifying it among banned semiautomatic rifles due to features like pistol grips and high-capacity magazines.^[27] However, FBI Uniform Crime Reports data from the 1990s through 2020s show rifles, including models like the AUG, involved in less than 3% of firearm homicides annually, contrasted with handguns accounting for over 70-80%, indicating that such rifles are rarely used in crimes relative to their ownership rates and underscoring the limited causal impact of feature-based restrictions on overall violence patterns.^[28]^[29]

Music

Augmented triad

An augmented triad consists of a root note, a major third above the root, and an augmented fifth above the root, formed by stacking two major thirds.^[30]^[31] In equal temperament, this yields intervals of four semitones from root to third and another four semitones from third to fifth, dividing the octave symmetrically into three equal parts of 240 cents each.^[32] This symmetry produces enharmonic ambiguity, as the chord's pitch classes (e.g., C–E–G♯) can be reinterpreted with any of the three notes as root without altering the sonority, such as E–G♯–C or G♯–C–E.^[32] In just intonation approximations, the intervals approach ratios of 5:4 for each major third and 25:16 for the augmented fifth, though these introduce slight inharmonicity compared to the purer 4:5:6 ratios of major triads.^[33] The chord's instability arises from its lack of a definitive root position, unlike major or minor triads, which feature a stable perfect fifth providing perceptual grounding via low beating frequencies between root and fifth.^[34] This absence promotes voice leading toward resolution, often to a dominant seventh chord, as the augmented fifth enharmonically equates to a minor sixth, facilitating substitution in modulatory contexts.^[30] In acoustic terms, the augmented fifth's eight-semitone span exceeds the consonant perfect fifth (seven semitones), introducing higher-order partial mismatches verifiable through spectrographic analysis of synthesized tones, where increased beating contributes to tension without the overt dissonance of a tritone.^[35] Augmented triads appear in classical harmony as the mediant (III+) in harmonic minor scales, enabling chromatic tension in progressions, as in Chopin's Prelude in C minor, Op. 28, No. 20.^[36]^[32] In jazz, they function for dissonance and modulation, substituting for dominant chords or creating unresolved "floating" effects due to root ambiguity, often resolving to major or minor triads.^[37]^[38] Their rarity in popular music stems from this perceived instability, which disrupts stable tonal centers, though analyses of chord progressions in diverse repertoires confirm their utility for enharmonic pivot without implying cultural deconstructions of consonance.^[39] The notation "aug" or "+" denotes the chord, as in C^aug, distinguishing it from major (Δ) or minor (m) triads.^[30]

Aug (band)

Aug is a hard rock and heavy metal band formed in Wallington, New Jersey, in 2008.^[40] The group consists of experienced musicians from the East Coast rock scene, with a lineup featuring AUG on lead vocals and guitar, Tommy Shauger on lead guitars and vocals, Rich Tanis on bass and vocals, and Russ Latamer on drums and percussion.^[41] Their music emphasizes straightforward, hard-driving riffs with melodic elements, drawing from classic influences such as Ozzy Osbourne, Van Halen, and Guns N' Roses while maintaining an authentic, unpolished edge.^[41] The band's debut album, 20 Years in Hell, was produced as an independent "basement project," reflecting their DIY approach to recording and distribution.^[41] In 2014, they released their second full-length album, Be Careful What You Wish For, which featured improved production and included a cover of Toto's "Africa."^[41] These releases were distributed independently, contributing to a niche presence in underground rock and metal communities without major label support.^[40] Aug has performed regionally, opening for established acts including King's X, Savatage, and Joe Lynn Turner, which helped build a dedicated following among East Coast rock enthusiasts.^[42] Critical reception highlights the band's raw energy and songwriting consistency, with one review describing Be Careful What You Wish For as "40 minutes of pure perfection" with no weak tracks, praising its old-school metal vibe updated for modern listeners.^[41] Despite limited mainstream exposure, their commitment to authentic, self-produced work underscores a resistance to commercialization, appealing to fans valuing genuineness over polished trends.^[41] The band's status remains unknown as of recent records, with no further releases documented after 2014.^[40]

People

Andrus Aug

Andrus Aug (born 22 May 1972 in Jõgeva, Estonia) is a retired Estonian professional road bicycle racer who competed from 1990 to 2008.^[43] Standing 190 cm tall and weighing 83 kg during his career, Aug rode for several UCI teams, including the Italian squads Domina Vacanze and Ceramica Flaminia, focusing on endurance events in European circuits.^[44] His professional tenure aligned with Estonia's post-Soviet sports landscape following independence in 1991, where national cycling emphasized grassroots development and international exposure amid limited resources, with riders like Aug achieving consistent mid-pack finishes in UCI-ranked pelotons rather than podium dominance.^[43] Aug secured 12 professional victories, including six one-day races, with a standout win at the 2002 GP Nobili Rubinetterie, a 177.3 km event in Italy completed in 3 hours 57 minutes 11 seconds ahead of sprinters Ivan Quaranta and Daniele Bennati.^[43] ^[45] He participated in two Grand Tours, both editions of the Giro d'Italia, and earned top finishes such as fifth place in a stage of the 2002 Étoile de Bessèges behind Jaan Kirsipuu and Robbie McEwen.^[43] ^[46] Representing Estonia, Aug competed in Baltic regional tours and UCI continental events, contributing to the nation's emerging road racing presence without involvement in major doping scandals that plagued contemporaneous European cycling.^[43] Post-retirement, Aug transitioned to roles supporting Estonian cycling development, leveraging his experience from over 18 years of racing that included national championship contention and international stage racing.^[43] His career reflects the challenges of mid-tier professionals in the 1990s-2000s, prioritizing volume training and tactical positioning over sprint power, as evidenced by his results in endurance-focused UCI calendars.^[47]

References

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AUG. definition in American English - Collins Dictionary
the eighth month of the year, consisting of 31 days. Collins English Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers. Quick word challenge. Quiz Review.
[2]
Aug - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
Add to list. Other forms: Augs. Definitions of Aug. noun. the month following July and preceding September.
[3]
Origin Of The Month Of August | Dictionary.com
Aug 1, 2024 · August, a word that means “inspiring reverence or admiration,” is the name of the eighth month of the year in our Gregorian calendar.
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August - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
Originating from Latin "augustus," meaning "venerable, majestic," the word signifies solemn grandeur; also denotes the eighth month renamed to honor Emperor ...
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AUGUST definition in American English - Collins Dictionary
3 senses: 1. dignified or imposing 2. of noble birth or high rank the eighth month of the year, consisting of 31 days.... Click for more definitions.<|separator|>
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Abbreviations of the Names of the Months | Yale University Library
May 1, 2018 · English Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Belorusian.
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Common month abbreviations include Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov, and Dec. Days of the week are Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, and Sat.<|separator|>
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How Did the Months Get Their Names? | The Old Farmer's Almanac
... Sextilis was renamed August in honor of Roman Emperor Augustus in 8 BC. Of course, all the renaming and reorganizing meant that some of the months' names no ...
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August—History of the Month's Origin - InfoPlease
August was named after Augustus, who was made emperor. The Senate made it 31 days long, and the extra day was taken from February.
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In honor of this reform, Sextilis was renamed Augustus. It was that month, says Macrobius (I. 12), that Augustus first had been elected consul, Egypt had ...
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Aug 21, 2023 · August comes from the Latin Augustus, the name of the Roman emperor for whom the eighth month of the year was named in 8 BCE.Missing: aug | Show results with:aug
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Jul 31, 2025 · Month Abbreviations ; July, July, Jul. ; August, August, Aug. ; September, September, Sep. / Sept. ; October, October, Oct.
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[PDF] IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols
List of IMA-CNMNC approved mineral symbols (4753 new and 991 previously ... Augite*. Aug. Bariosincosite. Bscs. Arrheniusite-(Ce). Arrojadite-(BaFe). Arr-Ce.
[14]
Augite Mineral Data - Mineralogy Database
Augite Mineral Data ; Help on Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6 ; Help on Composition: Composition: Molecular Weight = 236.35 gm.
[15]
Augite: A rock-forming mineral found throughout the world
Augite has a chemical composition of (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)2O6 with many paths of solid solution. Commonly associated minerals include orthoclase, ...
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Symplectitic augite from the Platreef –textural evidence for fluid/rock ...
Mar 9, 2017 · This paper describes the occurrence of a rare form of exsolution texture known as symplectitic augite in a melagabbronorite from the lower ...
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) R110063 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry
Name: Augite RRUFF ID: R110063 Ideal Chemistry: (Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O6. Locality: Betroka, Madagascar Source: Marcus Origlieri [view label] Owner: RRUFFMissing: symbol | Show results with:symbol
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Dec 20, 2024 · AN AUG STORY: BIRTH OF A BULLPUP. The year is 1963. Colonel Walter Stoll of the Austrian Armed Forces is tasked by his superiors with building ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
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Focus on the Steyr AUG: Anniversary at the shooting range
May 17, 2024 · The development of the assault rifle that would later be named the “Army Universal Rifle” (AUG) began in the early 1970s and was used as the ...<|separator|>
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AUG A1 | STEYR ARMS
Specifications ; Caliber. 5.56×45 NATO ; Overall length. With 382mm (15″) barrel: 690mm (27″) With 417mm (16”) barrel: 725mm (29”) With 508mm (20”) barrel: 790mm ...
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Steyr AUG - Guns in Movies, TV and Video Games
Specifications · Type: Rifle / Assault Rifle / Carbine · Country of Origin: Austria · Caliber: 5.56x45mm NATO · Weight: 7.9 lbs (3.6 kg) - Rifle / 7.3 lbs (3.3 kg) ...
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AUG A3 | STEYR ARMS
STEYR AUG A3 9mm. Caliber. 5,56×45 NATO / 1 in 9“ or 1 in 7“. Overall length. With 382 mm (16“) barrel: 690 mm (27“) With 417 mm (16,4“) barrel: 725 mm (29“)
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21st Century Steyr: Can The AUG Be Saved? - Recoil Magazine
Oct 22, 2024 · STEYR AUG A3 M1 SPECS · Overall Length: 28.2 inches · Barrel Length: 16.4 inches · Caliber: 5.56 · Capacity: 10, 30, 42 · Weight: 7.7 pounds · MSRP: ...
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The Steyr AUG: A Revolutionary Bullpup in Military History - Bereli Inc.
May 12, 2025 · Since its adoption in 1977, the Steyr AUG has been fielded by over 30 countries, including Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, and ...Missing: list | Show results with:list
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Steyr AUG Review [Range Tested] - Pew Pew Tactical
Overall, a well designed platform that's reliable and accurate. Let's say I wanted a rifle, chambered in 5.56, with a 16-inch barrel, and I wanted it to be ...<|separator|>
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Small Arms In The Gulf | An Official Journal Of The NRA
Feb 4, 2016 · The Steyr AUG was used in relatively small numbers by some of the Arab allies in the Gulf conflict. It's a 5.56x45 mm. Undoubtedly there are ...
[27]
[PDF] Impacts of the 1994 Assault Weapons Ban - Office of Justice Programs
Steyr AUG. Austrian: 0.223 Remington/5.56mm caliber, $2,500. Imports banned. 4 semiautomatic paramilitary design rifle. in 1989. TEC–9. Domestic: 9mm ...
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FBI — Expanded Homicide Data Table 8
Weapons, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019. Total, 13,847, 15,355, 15,206, 14,446, 13,927. Total firearms: 9,143, 10,398, 11,014, 10,445, 10,258.
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State, Total murders1, Total firearms, Handguns, Rifles, Shotguns, Firearms (type unknown), Knives or cutting instruments, Other weapons, Hands, fists,
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Augmented Chords - The Complete Guide - Piano With Jonny
Apr 21, 2023 · Augmented Triads. An augmented triad is a 3-note chord built by stacking two major 3rds. The term “augmented” comes into play because the ...
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Augmented triad - (AP Music Theory) - Vocab, Definition, Explanations
Augmented triads consist of two major thirds stacked upon each other, resulting in an interval of an augmented fifth, which gives them a bright yet tense sound.
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Augmented Options – Open Music Theory - VIVA's Pressbooks
III+ in harmonic minor is the only time the augmented triad appears in the major/minor system without chromatic alteration.
[33]
Question about augmented chords : r/musictheory - Reddit
Oct 17, 2021 · In just intonation (JI) a major third is the frequency ratio 5:4—ie ... frequency ratio 25:16, a "classic augmented fifth". Meanwhile a ...Questions about Just intonation : r/musictheory - RedditWhy does an augmented triad sound dissonant, despite all of its ...More results from www.reddit.com
[34]
Why does an augmented triad sound dissonant, despite all of its ...
Nov 20, 2018 · Augmented is dissonant because of it's symmetrical structure, it's lack of root support intervals, and it's lesser degree of tonal function.Protips on distinguishing between augmented and diminished ...This simple chord progression really inspired me. Here is my ...More results from www.reddit.com
[35]
Triad's consonance and dissonance: combining roughness and ...
Jan 22, 2024 · where \bar{f} =(f_1+f_2)/2, and f_1, f_2 are the beating frequencies. As shown in Fig. 2, the CB is nearly constant and equal to 100 Hz in ...
[36]
Augmented triads in classical music - chords - Music Stack Exchange
Sep 12, 2017 · Chopin used augmented triads in his prelude in e minor (augmented triad with a major 7th) and a full augmented triad in his prelude in c minor.Uses for augmented chords in composition - Music Stack ExchangeIs the basis of classical music triads while the basis of jazz is ...More results from music.stackexchange.com
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Elevate Your Playing With Augmented Chords - Learn Jazz Standards
Dec 11, 2024 · An augmented chord is a major triad with an augmented fifth, which is a minor sixth interval, one half-step larger than a perfect fifth.
[38]
Augmented Triads For Guitar - Diagrams and Voicing Charts
Mar 6, 2025 · Since there's no clear "home" note, augmented chords create a floating, unresolved feeling—great for modulation and tension in jazz, classical, ...
[39]
Week 2: The Augmented Triad + Cheat Sheet - Hear and Play
It's called an augmented triad because of the augmented fifth interval it contains. With any known major triad, you can form an augmented triad by raising its ...
[40]
Aug - Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives
Jul 20, 2014 · Country of origin: United States; Location: Wallington, New Jersey; Status: Unknown; Formed in: 2008. Genre: Hard Rock/Heavy Metal ...
[41]
AUG - Punk Globe Magazine
Based in New Jersey and made up of accomplished veterans from the East Coast rock scene, AUG is back with a new album to re-kick your ass with.
[42]
AUG - rockfm.com
Aug is a hard rock band from New Jersey. The band was formed in 2008 and have since released two albums and have opened for many bands including King's X, ...
[43]
Andrus Aug - Pro Cycling Stats
Andrus Aug (born 1972-05-22 in Jõgeva) is a former professional road racing cyclist from Estonia, active between 1990 and 2008. His best results are winning ...
[44]
Andrus Aug - Olympedia
Biographical information ; Andrus•Aug · 22 May 1972 in Jõgeva, Jõgevamaa (EST) · 190 cm / 83 kg · Domina Vacanze, (ITA) · Estonia ...
[45]
GP Nobili Rubinetterie -, winners, podium, distance, average speed
Winners, podium, distance, average speed ; 2002, Andrus Aug 3hr 57min 11sec, Ivan Quaranta @ s.t., Daniele Bennati @ s.t., 177.3 km ; 2003, Andrea Ferrigato 3hr ...
[46]
McEwen wraps up Etoile de Besseges - Velo
1. Jaan Kirsipuu (Est), AG2R 150Km in 3:21:41; 2. Robbie McEwen (Aus), -Lotto s.t.; 3. Steffen Radocchla (GER s.t.; 4. Endrio Leoni (I), s.t.; 5. Andrus Aug ( ...
[47]
Andrus Aug - FirstCycling
Andrus Aug is a 53-year-old cyclist from Estonia, born May 22nd 1972. He has won 23 UCI races.Missing: biography | Show results with:biography