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CHA

Cha is a word denoting tea in various languages, originating from the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation of the character 茶 (chá), which refers to the beverage derived from the leaves of Camellia sinensis.^[1] The term emerged during the Tang dynasty around 760 CE, when the character "Tu" evolved into "Cha" to specifically signify processed tea leaves, distinguishing it from earlier generic references to bitter herbal infusions.^[2] This Sinitic form of the word spread primarily overland from northern and inland China along the Silk Road trade routes, influencing pronunciations across Central Asia, the Middle East, and into Europe and Africa, such as "chay" (چای) in Persian, "chai" in Hindi and Russian, "çay" in Turkish, and "tsai" in Greek.^[3]^[4] In contrast to the maritime diffusion of the Fujianese "te" variant—which became "tea" in English, Dutch, and other Western languages—"cha" reflects causal pathways tied to caravan-based commerce rather than sea trade from southern ports.^[5] Introduced to English in the 1590s alongside "tea," it persists in compounds like "chai tea" and regional usages, underscoring the beverage's global linguistic divergence driven by historical trade dynamics.^[1]^[6]

Sports

Canadian Hockey Association

The Canadian Hockey Association (CHA) was a short-lived professional ice hockey league established in late 1909 amid internal disputes within the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association (ECAHA), which had transitioned to professional status but retained an amateur designation in its name.^[7] The CHA formed when several ECAHA teams, seeking to exclude the Montreal Wanderers due to ownership conflicts involving Wanderers' president P.D. Ross, voted to disband the ECAHA on November 25, 1909, and reorganized under the new banner.^[8] This move reflected growing tensions over player salaries, scheduling, and control in early professional hockey, as teams prioritized financial viability over collaborative governance.^[9] The league comprised four teams: the Ottawa Hockey Club, Quebec Bulldogs, Montreal Shamrocks, and All-Montreal Hockey Club. It operated for only a brief period, conducting a limited schedule of inter-team games in December 1909, with Ottawa posting an undefeated record in the three games played.^[8] Quebec finished with a 2-1 record, while the Montreal-based teams each recorded 2-2 marks, highlighting the league's instability from the outset.^[10] No formal champion was declared, and the CHA did not award or challenge for the Stanley Cup during its existence, though its teams participated in independent Cup challenges separately.^[7] By early January 1910, the CHA collapsed due to financial pressures and failure to attract sufficient fan interest or stable operations, leading to its suspension after fewer than two weeks of competitive play.^[11] The Ottawa and Shamrocks franchises were promptly absorbed into the newly formed National Hockey Association (NHA) on January 5, 1910, which had emerged as a rival circuit backed by additional investors and teams from northern Ontario mining towns.^[12] This dissolution underscored the chaotic early evolution of professional hockey in Canada, where short-term alliances gave way to more enduring structures like the NHA, the direct predecessor to the National Hockey League founded in 1917.^[9] The CHA's brief tenure exemplified how disputes over professionalization and market control accelerated the shift from amateur-dominated leagues to fully commercial enterprises.^[13]

College Hockey America

College Hockey America (CHA) was a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I conference that sponsored women's ice hockey competitions from the early 2000s until the 2023–24 season.^[14] Originally established in 1999–2000 as a men's hockey conference, it transitioned to focus exclusively on women's programs after the dissolution of its men's division following the 2009–10 season.^[15] The conference primarily served institutions in the northeastern and midwestern United States, providing a competitive structure for teams outside larger alignments like the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) or Hockey East.^[15] The men's CHA launched with six charter members: the United States Air Force Academy, United States Military Academy (Army), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Bemidji State University, University of Findlay, and Niagara University.^[15] Additional teams, including Bentley University and Mercyhurst University, joined shortly after from the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC).^[15] The division struggled with membership stability and geographic challenges, leading to its termination after Alabama–Huntsville's independent status and other departures left insufficient teams for NCAA conference requirements.^[16] No CHA men's team advanced to the NCAA Frozen Four during its existence, with regular-season and tournament titles often claimed by programs like Niagara and Alabama–Huntsville.^[15] Following the men's dissolution, CHA pivoted to women's ice hockey, becoming a key venue for NCAA Division I competition in the sport. Mercyhurst University dominated the conference, securing multiple regular-season and playoff championships and frequently representing CHA in NCAA tournaments, including appearances in the national semifinals. Other notable performers included Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) and Robert Morris University, which contributed to the conference's postseason success, though no CHA team won an NCAA women's title. The women's division expanded and contracted over time, reflecting program discontinuations and realignments, such as Robert Morris suspending its varsity team in 2021 due to financial pressures from the COVID-19 pandemic. In June 2023, CHA announced a merger with the Atlantic Hockey Association, culminating in the formation of Atlantic Hockey America for the 2024–25 season to enhance operational efficiency and competitive balance.^[14] This unified league now oversees both men's (from Atlantic Hockey) and women's (from CHA) Division I ice hockey among 11 men's and several women's programs, marking the end of CHA as a standalone entity.^[14] The merger addressed declining independent viability in smaller conferences amid rising costs and Title IX compliance demands.^[14]

Education

CHA University

CHA University is a private institution specializing in medical, health, and life sciences, with campuses in Pocheon and Pangyo, Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea.^[17]^[18] Founded in 1996 by Cha Kwang-yul, the university emphasizes advanced research in areas such as stem cells, human genomics, and reproductive medicine.^[19]^[18] Its name derives from the foundational principles of Christianity, Humanism, and Academia, reflecting the vision of its founder to integrate ethical humanism with scientific inquiry.^[20]^[18] The university operates multiple colleges, including Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Health Sciences, Life Sciences, and Integrated Social Sciences.^[17] The College of Pharmacy, established in 2011, focuses on training professionals for global pharmaceutical needs.^[21] Undergraduate and graduate programs emphasize practical training and high employability, with the institution recognized for producing graduates in healthcare fields.^[18] In global rankings, CHA University placed 1452nd worldwide and 44th nationally in the 2025 CWUR assessment, with strengths in research output ranking it 1396th globally.^[22] Research at CHA University centers on biotechnology and medical innovation, supported by affiliations with CHA Medical Center facilities.^[18] The institution maintains international collaborations for student exchanges and joint studies, particularly in biomedicine.^[23] Scholarships, such as the Presidential Scholarship covering full tuition and dormitory costs for four years, are available to top entrants.^[24] As a specialized university, it prioritizes empirical advancements in infertility treatments and genomic studies over broader liberal arts, aligning with South Korea's national focus on science and technology education.^[18]

Geography

Chah, Cameroon

Chah is a village in the Fungom Subdivision of Menchum Division, North-West Region of Cameroon.^[25]^[26] It is situated near Lake Nyos, a volcanic crater lake prone to limnic activity.^[27] The village gained international attention due to its devastation during the Lake Nyos disaster on August 21, 1986. A limnic eruption at the lake released an estimated 1.6 million tons of carbon dioxide gas, forming a dense cloud that flowed downslope and engulfed surrounding settlements, including Chah.^[27]^[28] The gas, heavier than air, displaced oxygen and caused asphyxiation among residents and livestock; Chah was among the most severely impacted sites, with initial reports documenting around 40 corpses in the village shortly after the event.^[29] The disaster resulted in approximately 1,746 human deaths and the loss of 3,500 livestock across affected villages such as Chah, Nyos, Subum, Fang, and Mashi, with no immediate survivors identified in Chah itself.^[27]^[28] Survivors from the region, including those displaced from Chah, were resettled into camps and new communities, primarily within Menchum Division, leading to the village's near-total abandonment.^[30]^[31] In the aftermath, resettled populations have endured persistent socio-economic hardships, including land disputes, inadequate infrastructure, and health issues linked to the gas exposure, with over 12,000 individuals still residing in displacement camps in Menchum as of 2023.^[32] These challenges have been exacerbated by the Anglophone crisis and armed conflicts in the North-West Region since 2016, further hindering recovery efforts for former Chah residents.^[33] Despite degassing operations at Lake Nyos since 2001 to mitigate future risks, Chah remains largely depopulated and serves as a poignant site of the disaster's legacy.^[28]

Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport

Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (IATA: CHA, ICAO: KCHA), also known as Lovell Field, is the primary commercial service airport for Chattanooga, Tennessee, situated in Hamilton County along the Tennessee River in the southeastern part of the state.^[34] It handles scheduled passenger flights, general aviation, and limited cargo operations, serving the Chattanooga metropolitan area with connections to major U.S. hubs.^[35] The airport features two asphalt runways: 02/20 measuring 7,100 feet by 150 feet and 15/33 measuring 7,400 feet by 150 feet, with an elevation of 683 feet above sea level.^[36] The site's aviation history traces to the early 1900s with informal fields, followed by Marr Field's opening as Chattanooga's first commercial airfield in December 1919, which closed due to safety issues.^[37] Land for the current location was acquired in 1927 for $29,000 (equivalent to about $461,000 in 2021 dollars), and Lovell Field formally opened on July 3, 1930, named after local aviation advocate John E. Lovell.^[37] Initial dirt runways were paved in 1936 under Works Progress Administration projects, enabling scheduled passenger service in 1937 and airmail operations from 1930.^[37] During World War II, the facility supported military pilot training. Postwar expansions included a new runway and terminal in the 1950s, a 1964 terminal, and transfer of operations to the Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport Authority in July 1985.^[37] The current terminal, designed by Gensler, opened in 1992, with recent additions including two boarding gates in March 2024 and sustainability features like a solar farm installed in 2011 (expanded 2013) that supplies approximately 90% of the airport's electricity as of 2017.^[37]^[38] Commercial passenger service is provided by Delta Air Lines, American Airlines, United Airlines, Allegiant Air, and Spirit Airlines, offering nonstop flights to 14 destinations including Atlanta (ATL), Charlotte (CLT), Chicago (ORD), Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW), Las Vegas (LAS), New York (LGA/EWR), Orlando (MCO/SFB), and Punta Gorda (PGD).^[39] Connecting service via these hubs reaches over 1,000 destinations worldwide.^[40] The single concourse terminal includes eight gates, TSA screening (average wait times of 10-20 minutes), dining options, free Wi-Fi, and parking facilities.^[41] Cargo operations are modest, with air freight enplanements totaling 966,178 pounds in May 2025 alone, handled alongside general aviation services like charters and fixed-base operations.^[42]^[43] In 2024, the airport achieved a record 556,958 passenger enplanements, a 14.17% increase from 2023 and surpassing the pre-pandemic peak of 554,050 in 2019.^[44] This growth reflects expanded low-cost carrier routes and regional demand, though the airport remains a reliever for nearby hubs like Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson.^[45]

Linguistics

Che (Cyrillic letter)

Che (Ч ч; italics: Ч ч) is a letter of the Cyrillic script employed in numerous Slavic languages to represent a voiceless affricate consonant, typically [tʃ] (postalveolar) or [tɕ] (alveolo-palatal).^[46] ^[47] Its uppercase form Ч resembles a reversed Latin C enclosing a vertical bar, while the lowercase ч features a curved descender. The letter emerged in the 9th century AD as part of the Early Cyrillic alphabet, developed in the First Bulgarian Empire to transcribe Slavic sounds not present in the Greek uncial script from which Cyrillic largely derives.^[48] ^[49] In Russian, Che denotes the palatalized affricate [tɕ], as in час ("chas", hour), pronounced with the tongue raised toward the hard palate, distinct from harder sibilants like Ш [ʂ].^[46] This sound is consistently soft, without a hard counterpart in standard modern Russian orthography, though historical pronunciations varied regionally. In Bulgarian and Macedonian, it corresponds to [tʃ], a postalveolar affricate akin to the "ch" in English "church", as in Bulgarian час (hour).^[47] Serbian employs Ч for [tʃ] in words like čas (moment), maintaining the affricate without palatalization in most dialects.^[50] The letter's form likely stems from Glagolitic influences or ligatures adapted for Slavic phonology, rather than direct Greek antecedents like Chi (Χ, which inspired Cyrillic Ха Х for or [χ]).^[51] Early manuscripts, such as those from the Preslav Literary School around 893–927 AD under Tsar Simeon I, integrated Che to fill gaps in Greek-derived letters for affricates.^[49] In non-Slavic adaptations, such as Kazakh Cyrillic (pre-2021 Latin shift), Ч represented [t͡ʃ] or [t͡sʰ], reflecting Turkic phonetics.^[52] Che remains integral to alphabets in Russian (33 letters), Bulgarian (30), and Serbian (30), with no major orthographic reforms altering its role since Peter the Great's 18th-century civil script updates, which standardized lowercase forms for printing.^[53]

Kha (Cyrillic letter)

The Cyrillic letter kha (uppercase: Х, lowercase: х) represents the voiceless velar fricative /x/ or /χ/, a sound produced by expelling air through the back of the vocal tract without vocal cord vibration, comparable to the "ch" in Scottish "loch" or German "Bach".^[54]^[55]^[49] This phoneme occurs in many Slavic languages, where kha distinguishes words like Russian хлеб ("khleb", bread) from those without the fricative.^[56] Introduced in the 9th century as part of the original Cyrillic alphabet developed for Old Church Slavonic, kha derives its crossed form directly from the Greek letter chi (Χ χ), which in medieval Greek had shifted to a similar fricative value before its adoption into Slavic scripts.^[57] In the Early Cyrillic period, the letter's name was хѣръ (transliterated xěrŭ), reflecting acrophonic naming conventions akin to other letters like azъ for А. It held a numerical value of 600 in the Cyrillic numeral system, which adapted Greek isopsephy for computations in manuscripts until the 17th century.^[58] Kha occupies the 23rd position in the modern Russian alphabet of 33 letters, following ф (ef) and preceding ц (tse).^[56]^[59] The Unicode Consortium encodes uppercase kha as U+0425 (CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA) and lowercase as U+0445 (CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA), designating it for core Cyrillic blocks used in Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, and other orthographies.^[57] Its visual similarity to the Latin X often leads to confusion in uncontextualized text, though the phonetic distinction remains clear in native usage.^[54] In contemporary Slavic languages, kha's frequency correlates with the presence of /x/ in Proto-Slavic roots, such as from satemization shifts; it is productive in Russian (e.g., хорошо, "khorosho", good) but marginal in Serbo-Croatian, where /x/ arises mainly in loanwords or dialects.^[57] Non-Slavic adaptations include extended forms like ha with descender (Ҳ ҳ, U+04B2/U+04B3) in Tajik Cyrillic, modifying the sound to approximant /ɦ/, but standard kha retains its fricative role across primary users.^[57]

Cha (Indic consonant)

Cha is the aspirated voiceless palatal affricate consonant in the phonemic inventory of Brahmi-derived Indic abugidas, positioned as the second letter in the tālavya (palatal) varga after the unaspirated ca. In classical Sanskrit, its phonetic realization is [t͡ɕʰ], involving a palatal affricate release followed by audible breath.^[60] In modern Indo-Aryan languages like Hindi, the sound often shifts toward [tʃʰ], reflecting alveolo-palatal or postalveolar articulation influenced by regional phonologies.^[61] The standard glyph for cha in Devanagari is छ, encoded in Unicode as U+091B DEVANAGARI LETTER CHA since version 1.1 (1993).^[62] Analogous representations exist across related scripts: Bengali and Assamese use ছ (U+099B BENGALI LETTER CHA); Gurmukhi employs ਛ (U+0A1B GURMUKHI LETTER CHA); Gujarati features છ (U+0A9B GUJARATI LETTER CHA); and Telugu has ఛ (U+0C1B TELUGU LETTER CHA).^[62] These forms trace to the Brahmi script of the 3rd century BCE, as evidenced in Ashokan edicts, where the precursor glyph evolved from earlier Semitic influences into a distinct aspirated marker.^[63] In abugida orthography, the cha glyph implies an inherent schwa vowel (/ə/), suppressible via the virama (halant) for consonant clusters, yielding forms like ः (cha with virama).^[61] Vowel modifications attach as matras, e.g., छे (che) for /t͡ɕʰeː/. Conjuncts with subsequent consonants often fuse into ligatures, such as क्छ (kcha), prioritizing visual economy in writing systems used for Sanskrit, Hindi, and regional languages. In the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST), cha is rendered as "cha" to preserve aspiration.^[64] This convention facilitates romanization in scholarly texts, distinguishing it from English "ch" (/tʃ/) by emphasizing the breathy release.^[65]

Science

Chamaeleon (constellation)

Chamaeleon is a small southern constellation located near the south celestial pole, introduced by the Dutch cartographer Petrus Plancius in 1597–1598 based on observations from navigators Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman during their voyages to the East Indies.^[66]^[67] It ranks as the 79th largest of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union, spanning 132 square degrees or approximately 0.3% of the celestial sphere.^[68]^[69] The constellation depicts a chameleon lizard and lacks ancient mythological associations, as it was created to map previously unobserved southern stars.^[70] It is circumpolar for observers south of about 28°S latitude, remaining visible year-round from locations like southern Australia or Antarctica.^[68] The brightest star in Chamaeleon is Alpha Chamaeleontis, a white subgiant of apparent magnitude 4.16 located 63 light-years from Earth, visible to the naked eye under dark skies.^[69] Beta and Gamma Chamaeleontis follow as the next brightest, both around magnitude 4.3, forming a roughly diamond-shaped asterism resembling the lizard's body.^[67] Only one star bears an IAU-approved proper name: Ceibo (HD 63454), a yellow giant of magnitude 5.1.^[68] Chamaeleon contains no Messier objects but hosts the Eta Chamaeleontis Cluster, a loose group of about 12 young stars aged roughly 8 million years, discovered in 1999 and situated 315 light-years away without evident association to nearby molecular clouds.^[68] Prominent deep-sky features include the Chamaeleon Complex, a star-forming region comprising three dark nebulae clouds (Chamaeleon I, II, and III) rich in molecular gas and dust, spanning over 100 light-years and containing T Tauri stars indicative of ongoing stellar birth.^[71] NGC 3195 is a planetary nebula 5,000 light-years distant, featuring a bright central star and intricate shell structure observed in Hubble imagery, representing the remnant of a low- to intermediate-mass star's outer layers ejected during its asymptotic giant branch phase.^[68] These objects make Chamaeleon a key area for studying early stellar evolution and interstellar medium dynamics in the southern sky.^[72]

People

Cha (Korean surname)

Cha (Korean: 차; Hanja: 車) is a Korean surname meaning "cart," "wagon," or "chariot."^[73]^[74] The surname derives exclusively from the single Hanja character 車 for this purpose, distinguishing it from homophones like those for "tea" (茶).^[73] It is linked to the Yeonan Cha clan (연안 차씨), the sole bon-gwan (clan seat) for bearers, with origins tracing to the 10th-century founder Cha Hyo-jeon, son of Yu Cha-dal.^[75] In South Korea, Cha ranks as the 36th most common surname, borne by approximately 203,973 individuals as of recent demographic estimates derived from national data.^[76] This places it among moderately prevalent names, comprising a small but notable fraction of the population amid the dominance of surnames like Kim, Lee, and Park.^[76] The surname appears less frequently in North Korea but maintains presence across the peninsula.^[77] Prominent individuals include Cha Bum-kun (born 1953), a former professional footballer who played for Eintracht Frankfurt and the South Korean national team, earning recognition as one of Asia's top players in Europe during the 1980s. Other notables are actors Cha Seung-won (born 1970), known for roles in films like The Man from Nowhere (2010), and Cha Tae-hyun (born 1976), a versatile performer in television dramas and variety shows.^[78] Figure skater Cha Jun-hwan (born 2002) has also gained international acclaim, winning medals at the World Figure Skating Championships.^[79]

Organizations

Chicago Housing Authority

The Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) is a municipal corporation created by the Illinois state legislature in 1937 under enabling legislation modeled on the federal Housing Act of that year, tasked with providing decent, safe, and affordable housing to low-income residents of Chicago.^[80] Initially, it focused on slum clearance and constructed low-rise row houses and garden apartments between 1938 and 1941, serving around 6,000 residents in integrated neighborhoods with working-class tenants who paid rents tied to income.^[81] Post-World War II, amid federal funding shifts and local pressures from labor unions favoring large-scale construction jobs, the CHA pivoted to high-density high-rise projects, building over 25,000 units in developments such as the Robert Taylor Homes (28 sixteen-story buildings completed in 1962) and Cabrini-Green between 1948 and 1966.^[82] These projects, often racially segregated due to discriminatory site selection and tenant policies, concentrated extreme poverty in isolated towers, fostering conditions of institutional neglect, high crime rates, and physical deterioration by the 1970s; by 1995, CHA properties encompassed 11 of Chicago's 15 poorest census tracts.^[83] In 1999, following a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) consent decree addressing decades of mismanagement—including corruption scandals and maintenance failures—the CHA initiated its Plan for Transformation in 2000, committing to demolish or rehabilitate approximately 25,000 distressed units, relocate residents, and replace them with mixed-income communities integrating public housing with market-rate and affordable units to deconcentrate poverty and promote self-sufficiency.^[84] The plan displaced over 25,000 families, many to scattered-site housing or vouchers, but progress lagged due to construction delays, funding constraints, and disputes over relocation support; by 2015, only about 21,000 public housing units had been completed or rehabilitated, roughly 2,000 short of targets, leaving more than 100 acres of vacant land and exacerbating waitlists amid a shortage of affordable options.^[85] High-profile demolitions, such as the Robert Taylor Homes by 2007 and remaining Cabrini-Green towers by 2011, symbolized the shift, though critics, including resident advocates, argue the model failed to restore equivalent public housing stock or prevent resegregation in new developments.^[86] As a Moving to Work (MTW) agency since 1999, the CHA merges HUD funding streams for flexibility, with its fiscal year 2026 operating budget relying on operating subsidies comprising about 13% or $185 million, supplemented by voucher programs and development partnerships.^[87] It currently manages around 16,000 public housing units—down from nearly 38,000 in 1999—while administering Housing Choice Vouchers for over 35,000 households, serving a total of more than 65,000 low-income families, seniors, and disabled individuals citywide.^[88]^[83] Recent initiatives like the 2025 "Year of Renewal" emphasize rehabilitation of 32 properties and new mixed-income projects, such as 207 apartments at Roosevelt Square Phase 3B, but face ongoing scrutiny for maintenance lapses, with hundreds of vacant, deteriorating scattered-site homes and over 1,000 leaseholders owing an average of nearly two years' rent due to lax enforcement.^[89]^[90] In October 2025, the CHA sued HUD to block new grant conditions perceived as restricting diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts, highlighting tensions over federal oversight.^[91] Reports project decades more to fully replace demolished units without accelerated city and state intervention, amid persistent challenges like contractor disputes and board member-linked vendor payments totaling $22 million.^[92]^[93]

Catholic Health Association of the United States

The Catholic Health Association of the United States (CHA) serves as the national leadership organization representing Catholic health care providers across the country. Established in 1915 as the Catholic Hospital Association, it originated from efforts to standardize and support Catholic hospitals amid growing demands for organized medical care aligned with Church teachings. Headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri, with an office in Washington, D.C., CHA focuses on empowering its members through resources, advocacy, and education to fulfill the healing ministry rooted in Catholic principles.^[94]^[95] CHA's mission centers on advancing Catholic health care by caring for people and communities, emphasizing human dignity, the common good, and ethical standards derived from Church doctrine. It represents over 2,200 Catholic health care organizations, including more than 650 acute care hospitals and 1,600 long-term care and other health facilities operating in all 50 states. These facilities care for more than one in seven patients in the U.S. each day, forming the largest nonprofit health care network in the nation. Catholic health care providers employ hundreds of thousands of workers and deliver substantial community benefits, such as uncompensated care exceeding billions annually, though exact employment figures vary with system expansions and mergers.^[95]^[96]^[97] Key activities include policy advocacy before Congress and federal agencies on issues like health coverage expansion, Medicaid funding, and protections for faith-based providers. CHA develops educational programs, publications, and tools for mission integration, leadership development, and operational efficiency in Catholic settings. In ethics, it provides annotations and guidance on the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops' Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services (ERDs), which prohibit procedures such as direct abortion, euthanasia, and non-therapeutic sterilization while mandating care for the vulnerable and promotion of life from conception to natural death. These directives, updated periodically with CHA input, ensure consistency in member facilities' adherence to Catholic moral theology, influencing decisions on partnerships, treatments, and end-of-life care.^[98]^[99]^[100] Under President and CEO Sister Mary Haddad, RSM, since 2016, CHA has pursued strategic plans like the 2025-2027 initiative, prioritizing bold adaptations to challenges such as workforce shortages, regulatory changes, and technological integration while upholding core ethical commitments. The organization publishes Health Progress magazine and hosts events to foster collaboration among sponsors, typically religious congregations, and lay leaders managing increasingly secularized health systems.^[101]^[95]

Etymology

Cha (tea)

Cha is a term for tea originating from the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation chá of the character 茶, which denotes the beverage and the Camellia sinensis plant.^[1] This pronunciation reflects northern and inland Chinese dialects, contrasting with the coastal Min Nan dialect's t'e or te, from which the English "tea" derives.^[3] The character 茶 itself evolved during China's Tang dynasty around 760 CE, shifting from earlier forms like "tu" to standardize "cha" for tea-specific usage.^[2] The term "cha" spread primarily overland along trade routes such as the Silk Road, reaching Central Asia, Persia, and beyond by the medieval period.^[3] In Persian, it became chay (چای), influencing Hindi chai, Russian chai (чай), Turkish çay, and Arabic shai.^[6] Japanese cha (茶) and Korean cha (차) adopted it directly from early Chinese cultural exchanges, predating wider Eurasian dissemination.^[3] Portuguese traders, encountering tea via northern Chinese ports, introduced chá to Europe in the 16th century, appearing in English as "cha" or "chaw" by the 1590s alongside "tea."^[1] ^[6] This land-based diffusion created a linguistic divide: languages tied to overland routes favor "cha" variants, while maritime trade from Fujian ports propagated "te" forms to Western Europe.^[3] Examples include Swahili chai, Mongolian tsai, and Uyghur chay, all tracing to chá via contiguous cultural contacts rather than oceanic voyages.^[102] The pattern underscores tea's historical export dynamics, with "cha" dominating in Asia and adjacent regions by the 17th century as tea cultivation and consumption expanded beyond China.^[103]

References

[1]
Cha - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
Origin and history of cha "tea," 1590s, also chaw, ultimately from the Mandarin ch'a "tea;" used in English alongside tea when the beverage was introduced.
[2]
Origins of the name "TEA" and "CHA"
During the Tang dynasty, around 760, the Chinese character "Tu" evolved to "Cha"which we use today, and specified the meaning of tea. Therefore, everything ...
[3]
Tea if by sea, cha if by land: Why the world only has two words for tea
The term cha (茶) is “Sinitic,” meaning it is common to many varieties of Chinese. It began in China and made its way through central Asia, eventually becoming ...
[4]
A cup of tea… or cha? | FAO
Both words originate in China, which is widely believed to be the 'home of tea' and where the plant was first domesticated, and come from the Chinese character: ...
[5]
https://www.uptontea.com/blog/tea-consultants-notes/the-etymology-of-tea/b/th-012/
[6]
How Did Tea Get Its Name? - Boston Tea Party Ships
In the Persian, Japanese, and Hindi languages, the word settled as cha, in Arabic shai, in Tibetan ja, in Turkish chay, and in Russian chai.
[7]
Professional Hockey Leagues - History of North American Hockey
Canadian Hockey Association (1909-1910) - League formed by the all-pro teams of the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. · National Hockey Association ( ...
[8]
Canadian Hockey Association (CHA) - History - RetroSeasons
The Canadian Hockey Association (CHA) was an early men's professional ice hockey league. It was founded in November, 1909, as the result of a dispute within ...
[9]
National Hockey Association (1910-1917) - Fun While It Lasted
The National Hockey Association (NHA), direct forerunner of the National Hockey League (NHL), was formed in 1909 after the dissolution of the Eastern Canada ...
[10]
CHA - Standings, Teams, Games, Scores, Stats & More
Canadian Hockey Association CHA · 1909-1910 CHA Standings · 1909-1910 CHA Player Stats · 1909-1910 CHA Goalie Stats · 1909-1910 Demographics · CHA Games · CHA ...
[11]
National Hockey Association - 1909-10 NHA Season Overview
In an effort to freeze out the Montreal Wanderers, the ECHA disbanded in December 1909 and a new league called the Canadian Hockey Association (CHA) was formed, ...
[12]
National Hockey Association history and statistics at hockeydb.com
The National Hockey Association of Canada was a professional hockey league that was founded on December 2, 1909. The league was formed in response to the ...
[13]
National Hockey Association (1909-1917)
The National Hockey Association (1909-1917) was a professional ice hockey organization with teams in Ontario and Quebec, Canada.
[14]
Atlantic Hockey and College Hockey America Join to Form Atlantic ...
Apr 30, 2024 · The Atlantic Hockey Association and College Hockey America announced Tuesday they will begin competing jointly as one united league under the name Atlantic ...
[15]
USCHO.com: Timeline: Division I men's college hockey conferences ...
1999-2000: College Hockey America (CHA) forms with Air Force, Army, Alabama-Huntsville, Bemidji State, Findlay and Niagara. Bentley, Mercyhurst join MAAC ...
[16]
What was the old WCHA, and why do so many people here miss it?
Feb 20, 2025 · Bemidji State was in the College Hockey America conference until it's men's division dissolved around 2010, then they were in the WCHA for ...
[17]
College Hockey America - Wikipedia
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.. Region, New York, Pennsylvania, Missouri, U.S.. Official website, http://www.chawomenshockey.com. Locations.
[18]
CHA University
College of Nursing. College of Health Sciences. College of Life Sciences. College of Pharmacy. College of Integrated Social Sciences ; General Graduate School.
[19]
CHA University - CHA Medical Center - 차병원
The Korea's best medical-science specialized university with world-class technology in stem cell, human genome and infertility/reproductive medicine research.
[20]
CHA University CHA 2025 Rankings, Courses, Tuition & Admissions
Founded in 1996, CHA University is a private higher education institution located in the small city of Pocheon (population range of 50,000-249,999 ...
[21]
CHA University focuses on staying agile amid global changes
Jul 5, 2020 · Based on the words of the founder Cha Kwang-yul, “CHA” of CHA University stands for “Christianity”, “Humanism” and “Academia," and the ...
[22]
Greetings - 차 의과학대학교 약학과
The College of Pharmacy at CHA University was established in 2011 with the aim of cultivating key pharmaceutical talents to meet the social needs of the global ...<|separator|>
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Cha University Ranking | 2025 | CWUR
Cha University's world rank is 1452 out of 21,462, with a regional rank of 533 in Asia and a national rank of 44. Its research rank is 1396.<|separator|>
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Cha University, South Korea | Application, Courses, Fee, Ranking
Cha University, established in 1996, is located in Pocheon, South Korea, focusing on medicine, healthcare, and life sciences, with international collaborations ...
[25]
On-campus scholarship - 차 의과학대학교
Presidential Scholarship, ・Entrance fee, full tuition for 4 years ・Support for dormitory expenses (based on 4-person room) for 4 years for students who pass ...
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Neighbourhood - Village CHAH (FUNGOM SUBDIVISION)
CHAH is a neighbourhood/village in the Subdivision of FUNGOM, MENCHUM Division in the North-West Region of Cameroon.<|separator|>
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Chah Map - Village - North-West Region, Cameroon - Mapcarta
Chah, or Cha, is a village in the Northwest Province of Cameroon that was largely abandoned after the Lake Nyos disaster of 1986, when an eruption of carbon ...
[28]
Gas cloud kills Cameroon villagers | August 21, 1986 - History.com
An eruption of lethal gas from Lake Nyos in Cameroon kills nearly 2,000 people and wipes out four villages on August 21, 1986. Carbon dioxide, though ...
[29]
The 1986 Deadly Gas Blanket From Lake Nyos - Explorersweb »
Aug 21, 2024 · Around 1,800 people died, all living in the affected towns of Nyos, Cha, Fang, Mashi, and Subum. Most residents were farmers. About 3,500 ...
[30]
Cameroon: A Horrible Souvenir - allAfrica.com
Aug 21, 2006 · On arrival at a village called Chah we found the first 40 corpses of the victims. I was the first journalist to arrive at the scene of the ...
[31]
[PDF] Resettlement Challenges and the Plight of Lake Nyos Disaster ...
May 7, 2025 · the deserted village of Chah, where no survivors were found, he proceeded to Subum and encountered some survivors. There, he organized a mass ...
[32]
[PDF] Lake Nyos Gas Disaster: A Socio- Economic Assessment of its ...
Three main villages affected by the disaster (Nyos,. Chah and Subum), but the survivors were dispersed to seven. In the resettled areas, the identity (in terms ...
[33]
37 years after: Lake Nyos disaster survivors still in tears!
Aug 22, 2023 · Thirty-seven years after the catastrophe broke out, survivors of the disaster, which killed over 1,700 persons, including thousands of ...
[34]
Cameroon: Lake Nyos disaster survivors afflicted by civil war
Aug 23, 2022 · Hell broke loose in a small peasant community in North-Western Cameroon on 21 August, 1986 when lethal gas erupted from Lake Nyos - killing ...
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Chattanooga Airport
Everything's easier when you fly from the Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport. Check flight statuses, parking availability, get terminal info, and more.Airlines & DestinationsFlight StatusContactParking & DirectionsTerminal Overview & Map
[36]
Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (Lovell Field) - UNIS
The primary commercial airport for Chattanooga, serving as a regional hub for passenger and cargo operations. ... Passenger traffic increased by 6.1% year ...
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Lovell Field - KCHA - AOPA Airports
Overview ; Attendance: Attended. Year-round, 7 Days a Week,All. FAA ; Runways: 02/20, 15/33. Longest paved runway: 7,400 ft (2,256 m) ; Elevation: 683 ft (Surveyed).
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Chattanooga Airport — History
Chattanooga's aviation history began in the early 1900s, with the first commercial airfield in 1919. Marr Field was condemned, and Lovell Field opened in 1930. ...
[39]
Functional meets fabulous at the Chattanooga Airport
Mar 4, 2025 · On the airport "grounds," there's space for up to 29 different aircraft hangars, with 20 currently in existence. These hangars house corporate ...
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I Heart Non-Stop Destinations - Chattanooga Airport
I Heart Non-Stop Destinations ; Atlanta, GA. via Delta Air Lines. ; Charlotte, NC. via American Airlines. ; Chicago, IL. via United Airlines and American Airlines.
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Chattanooga Airport
The Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport offers nonstop or one-stop service to over 1000 destinations.
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Chattanooga Airport — Amenities
The Chattanooga Airport is proud to offer great amenities such as EPB wireless internet and recharging stations, restaurants and bars, airport paging, ...Missing: runways | Show results with:runways
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[PDF] CHATTANOOGA METROPOLITAN AIRPORT AUTHORITY ...
OPERATIONS SUMMARY FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 2025. CURRENT. MONTH. LAST. YEAR ... AIR FREIGHT ENPLANED (LBS). 966,178. 950,128. 1.69. 4,649,282. 4,361,086. 6.61. AIR ...
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General Aviation Service + Charters - Chattanooga Airport
Charter / Air Taxi services including flights to Memphis on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays as well as Courier and Cargo service for documents and ...
[45]
Chattanooga Airport hits record passenger mark in 2024
Jan 14, 2025 · The airport drew 556,958 passenger boardings in 2024, up from the pre-pandemic high of 554,050, figures show. Boardings for last year jumped ...
[46]
Chattanooga Airport sets record-breaking passenger numbers in 2024
Jan 14, 2025 · The airport says it saw its highest amount of passengers ever in 2024, up 14.17% from the amount in 2023. 556,958 passengers boarded planes at ...Missing: Metropolitan cargo
[47]
How To Read And Pronounce The Russian Alphabet (Cyrillic)
Ч ч. Letter, Sound, Example, Transcription. Ч ч, [ч'], [ʧ'], час, свечи, [ч'ас], [св'эч'и], [ʧ'ɑs], [sv'ɛʧ'ɪ]. [ш], [ʃ], конечно, [кан'эшна], [kʌn'ɛʃnʌ]. The ...
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Bulgarian Alphabet: Learn Cyrillic Letters and Sounds - Preply
Х х – like “h” in “hat” but stronger; Ц ц – like “ts” in “bits”; Ч ч – like “ch” in “church”; Ш ш – like “ ...
[49]
The History of the Cyrillic Alphabet and Its Greek Roots
Aug 19, 2025 · Factually speaking, the Cyrillic alphabet was derived directly from the Greek script. This is more than evident when we look at the two writing ...
[50]
A Guide to the Russian Cyrillic Alphabet and Its History - Verbal Planet
It traces its roots back to the 9th century when two Byzantine monks, Cyril and Methodius, developed the Glagolitic alphabet to translate religious texts into ...
[51]
Balkanology Overview The Cyrillic Alphabet in the Balkans
The following table shows the three main variations of the Cyrillic alphabet used in the Balkans: Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Serbian.
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Cyrillic Script | Encyclopedia MDPI
For centuries Cyrillic was used by Catholic and Muslim Slavs too (see Bosnian Cyrillic). Cyrillic is derived from the Greek uncial script, augmented by letters ...
[53]
Cyrillic Alphabet Facts For Kids | AstroSafe Search - DIY.ORG
The Cyrillic alphabet is used in various languages across Eastern Europe and Central Asia, including Russian, Bulgarian, and Serbian. It consists of 33 ...
[54]
The Cyrillic Alphabet | Chris Pinnock
Jan 27, 2014 · Ч(ч) - pronounced like the ch in choose. Ш(ш) - pronounced like sh and is thought to derive from a Hebrew letter. Щ(щ) - pronounced like ...Missing: history phonetics usage
[55]
Russian Alphabet: Everything You Need to Know [2025] - Lingopie
Apr 21, 2025 · The Cyrillic alphabet has a fascinating history dating back over a thousand years. ... Х х - Pronounced like "kh" in Scottish "loch" (not "x"). 3.
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Cyrillic Letters History, Translation & Nations | Study.com
The Cyrillic alphabet, developed around 860 AD, is used in many Slavic languages, including Russian, Ukrainian, and Serbian, and some Asian countries.<|separator|>
[57]
Russian Alphabet Table - Russian Lesson 1
Russian Alphabet Table Russian Lesson 1 ; Х х, H h, KH kh, Like "h" in hello or like the "ch" in Scottish 'loch' or German 'Bach', "khah" ; Ц ц, TS ts, Like "ts" ...
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None
### Summary of Cyrillic Letter HA (Kha)
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[PDF] cyrillic numerals - Repo UGM
Table 1 Number values of the Cyrillic alpha- bet. The Cyrillic numeral system, like the alphabet it is based on, orig- inated from the Greek numerals and thus ...
[60]
Russian Alphabet Table with Sound - RusslandJournal.de
Learn the Russian alphabet with audio samples. Russian letters with animated handwriting and transcription. The Russian alphabet uses the Cyrillic script.
[61]
(PDF) IPA Chart of Sanskrit Phonemes - Academia.edu
International Phonetic Alphabet chart enumerating Sanskrit phonemes, based on the current standard phonology of Sanskrit. This can help you in Sanskrit ...
[62]
Introduction to indic scripts - r12a.io
Aug 15, 2003 · The table below shows a superset of Indic consonant sounds in a traditional articulatory arrangement. ... DEVANAGARI LETTER KA + U+0908 DEVANAGARI ...
[63]
Devanagari - Unicode
Devanagari Letter Cha. 091C, ज, Devanagari Letter ... These two accents should not be used with the Devanagari script; they have no Indic shaping properties.
[64]
The hybrid origin of Brāhmī script from Aramaic, Phoenician and ...
Aug 7, 2025 · The 43 Prakrit letters are: a, ā, i, ī, u, ū, e, ai, o, au, ka, kha, ga, gha, ṅa, ca, cha, ja, jha, ña, ṭa, ṭha, ḍa,. THE HYBRID ORIGIN OF ...<|separator|>
[65]
International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST)
International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST). Vowels. अ(a) आ(ā) ... Consonants. क(ka) ख(kha) ग(ga) घ(gha) ङ(ṅa) च(ca) छ(cha) ज(ja) झ(jha) ञ(ña)
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IAST Transliteration Guide - Learn Sanskrit IAST - GoSanskrit
IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration) is a ... cha, like 'ch' but with strong breath. ज, ja, like 'j' in 'jam'. झ, jha, like 'j ...
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Meet the Chamaeleon, a southern constellation - EarthSky
Apr 25, 2024 · The origin of the Chamaeleon Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman created the Chamaeleon, along with 11 other Southern Hemisphere ...
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Constellation: Chamaeleon - NOIRLab
The brightest stars in Chamaeleon are Alpha, Gamma, and Beta Chamaeleontis. ... The annotations are from a standardized set of 88 western IAU constellations and ...
[69]
Chamaeleon Constellation: Stars, Myth, Facts, Location
Chamaeleon contains one formally named star. The star name approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) is Ceibo (HD 63454). Chamaeleon belongs to the ...
[70]
Chamaeleon Constellation - Facts & Features - The Planets
It is listed as the 79th largest Constellation filling around 0.3% of the night sky and is one of the southern most Constellations we know about. The most ...
[71]
Chamaeleon - Star Tales - Ian Ridpath
The celestial chameleon, named after the colour-changing lizard, is one of the constellations representing exotic animals introduced by the Dutch navigators.
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Chamaeleon Constellation | Star Map & Facts | Go Astronomy
Chamaeleon is the 79th largest constellation. It's brightest star is Alpha Chamaeleontis at magnitude 4.05. The boundary of the Chamaeleon constellation ...<|separator|>
[73]
A Guide to the Chamaeleon Constellation and Stars
Sep 18, 2024 · The Chamaeleon constellation is one of the 88 modern constellations recognised by the International Astronomical Union. It's named after the chameleon.The Chamaeleon... · Chamaeleon's Stars · Nebulae in the Chamaeleon...
[74]
Cha Surname Meaning & Cha Family History at Ancestry.com®
Korean (Ch'a): written 자 in Chinese characters 車 meaning 'cart' or 'wagon'. This is the only Chinese character for the surname Ch'a and the Yŏnan Ch'a clan ...Missing: hanja | Show results with:hanja<|separator|>
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Cha Surname/Last Name: Meaning, Origin, Family History 2024
58.2% Korean origin. 93.52% Asian/Pacific Islander in US. Korean (Ch'a): written 자, in Chinese characters 車, meaning 'cart' or 'wagon'. This is the only.Missing: hanja | Show results with:hanja
[76]
Cha (Korean name) - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
Cha is an uncommon family name in Korea. The Yeonan Cha clan is the only clan. The founding ancestor was Cha Hyo-jeon, son of Yu Cha-dal (10th century AD).
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Most Common South Korean Surnames & Meanings - Forebears
Most Common Last Names In South Korea ; 34, Ku, 214,187 ; 35, Kwak, 207,818 ; 36, Cha, 203,973 ; 37, U · 197,937 ...
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Cha Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
It is also common in North Korea, where 35 percent are found and South Korea, where 22 percent are found. ... Cha Last Name Statistics demography. The ...
[79]
Cha Bum-kun - Wikipedia
Cha Bum-kun is a South Korean former football manager and player. A forward, he was nicknamed Tscha Bum or "Cha Boom" in Germany because of his name and ...
[80]
Celebrities with last name: Cha - FamousFix.com list
1. Cha Seung-won. South Korean actor · 2. Cha In-pyo. Korean actor · 3. Ginny Cha. American designer · 4. Cha Tae-hyun. South Korean actor (born 1976) · 5. Kwang- ...
[81]
Category:Cha (surname) - Wikimedia Commons
Jun 2, 2023 · Cha Jangsub (1 P, 2 F) · Cha Ji-cheol (2 F) · Cha Ji-hwan (1 F) · Cha Ji-yeon (3 F) · Cha Joo-young (1 F) · Cha Jun-hwan (1 C) ...
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Chicago Housing Authority - Encyclopedia of Chicago
Founded in 1937, the Chicago Housing Authority (CHA), has been responsible for all public housing in the city of Chicago. It is a municipal not-for-profit ...
[83]
The Chicago Housing Authority Explained - South Side Weekly
Feb 25, 2022 · Created in 1937, the Chicago Housing Authority is a municipal not-for-profit agency whose primary objective is to provide housing options for low-income ...
[84]
[PDF] Understanding the Demise and Transformation of Chicago's High ...
Between 1948 and 1966, the Chicago Housing Authority (CHA), a state-chartered housing agency, built vast numbers of multi-story projects like the Robert Taylor ...
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HOUSING JUSTICE: UNWELCOME - Story of Public Housing ...
Jun 7, 2025 · Throughout Chicago, extreme poverty and total institutional neglect plagued the projects. In 1995, CHA developments made up 11 of the 15 poorest ...
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Chicago Claims Its 22-Year “Transformation” Plan Revitalized ...
Dec 16, 2022 · Under the plan, launched in 2000, the Chicago Housing Authority would demolish most of the city's public housing developments, displacing ...Missing: details | Show results with:details
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Transformed? Public Housing in Chicago 2000-2015
Feb 17, 2016 · According to the 2015 data from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 21,285 public housing units have been completed and ...
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As CHA's Plan For Transformation Turns 25, Advocates Worry It ...
Aug 11, 2025 · Along with the demolitions, the CHA pledged to build or rehab thousands of homes in new mixed-income developments. But residents and advocates ...Missing: details | Show results with:details
[89]
Chicago Housing Authority sues U.S. Department of Housing and ...
Oct 16, 2025 · Chicago Housing Authority sues U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development over new conditions for grant funding ... CHICAGO (Oct.16, 2025) – ...
[90]
[PDF] CHA Quarterly Report, 4th Quarter 2020 - Chicago Housing Authority
CHA's housing portfolio includes 15,926 Public Housing units in Traditional Family, Scattered Site, Mixed-Income, and Senior developments throughout Chicago.
[91]
Chicago Housing Authority's “Year of Renewal” marks key progress ...
Jul 30, 2025 · Construction has yet to begin on 32 properties. We now anticipate that this work will be ongoing through at least the end of 2026, and possibly ...
[92]
Chicago Housing Authority is owed millions in rent, report finds
Feb 18, 2025 · More than 1,000 Chicago Housing Authority residents who are behind on rent have not paid for an average of nearly two years.Missing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
[93]
https://www.wbez.org/government-politics/2025/10/10/chicago-housing-authority-debra-parker-cha-contracts-investigation
[94]
Report: Chicago Housing Authority Still Decades Away from ...
To this day, more than 100 acres of land and buildings remain vacant, while the Chicago Housing Authority has 19,000 fewer public housing units than it did ...
[95]
CHA has paid $22 million to companies tied to board member
Oct 10, 2025 · CHA has paid $22 million to companies tied to board member · The three vendors include longtime CHA Commissioner Debra Parker's daughter, sister ...
[96]
History - Catholic Health Association
How CHA Began. The Catholic Health Association of the United States (originally named the Catholic Hospital Association) was founded as an organization ...
[97]
About Us - Catholic Health Association
The Catholic Health Association is the national membership association of Catholic health care in the United States, providing expertise and resources for ...
[98]
Facts & Statistics - Catholic Health Association
The Catholic Health Association is the national membership association of Catholic health care in the United States, providing expertise and resources for ...<|separator|>
[99]
Facts and Statistics - Catholic Health Association
Every day, more than one in seven patients in the U.S. is cared for in a Catholic hospital. Download the PDF.
[100]
Advocacy - Catholic Health Association
The Catholic Health Association is pleased to make available e-Advocacy, a ... Faith-Based and Ethical Concerns · Health Coverage for Children (CHIP) ...
[101]
Ethical and Religious Directives - Catholic Health Association
The Ethical and Religious Directives: Annotations by the Catholic Health Association of the United States. This publication incorporates the original text of ...
[102]
New CHA guide aids in interpretation of Ethical and Religious ...
Sep 15, 2023 · The purpose of the guide, called "The Ethical and Religious Directives: Annotations by the Catholic Health Association of the United States," is ...
[103]
Leadership - Catholic Health Association
Sr. Mary Haddad, RSM, a member of the Sisters of Mercy of the Americas, is the 10th president and chief executive officer of the Catholic Health Association ...
[104]
https://www.harney.com/blogs/news/tea-etymology
[105]
Why almost every language calls tea 'Tea' or 'Cha' - Nation Thailand
Jun 27, 2025 · As tea spread, so did the word cha, which is derived from the Chinese character 茶 (chá). In regions like Central Asia, Persia (modern-day Iran) ...