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Carom

Carom billiards, also known as French billiards or carambole billiards, is a family of cue sports played on a cloth-covered, pocketless table using three balls: two cue balls (one white and one yellow or spotted white) and one red object ball.^[1] The primary objective is to score points by executing a carom, in which a player's cue ball contacts both the other two balls in a single shot, often after the cue ball has rebounded off one or more cushions to increase the challenge and skill required.^[1] Matches are typically played to a predetermined number of points, with players alternating turns after a foul or successful carom, and the game emphasizes precision, strategy, and control over angles and spins.^[1] Originating in 18th-century France as an evolution of earlier outdoor ground billiards games, carom billiards gained prominence after the removal of pockets from tables around 1810, allowing focus on carom shots rather than pocketing.^[2] By the late 19th century, variants such as straight rail (developed in the 1870s in the United States) and three-cushion billiards (emerging in the 1870s) became widespread, with three-cushion requiring the cue ball to contact at least three cushions before hitting the second object ball.^[3] Other notable disciplines include balkline, which uses marked lines to limit repetitive shots in table areas, one-cushion, and artistic billiards, which rewards elaborate shot combinations.^[2] The sport is governed internationally by the Union Mondiale de Billard (UMB), which oversees competitions and standardizes rules across disciplines.^[2] Carom billiards remains particularly popular in Europe (especially France and Belgium), parts of Asia (such as South Korea and Japan), Latin America, and to a lesser extent in the United States, where it peaked in the early 20th century before pool games overtook it in popularity.^[4] Professional tournaments, such as the UMB World Three-Cushion Championship, attract top players who achieve high averages of caroms per inning, showcasing the game's technical depth.^[3]

Overview

Definition and Objective

Carom billiards, also known as carambole, is a family of cue sports played on pocketless billiard tables using three balls: two cue balls (one for each player, typically white and yellow-spotted white) and one red object ball. The game emphasizes skill in controlling the cue ball's path through rebounds off the cushions, without the presence of pockets found in other billiard variants.^[5] The fundamental objective is to score "counts" or points by executing a carom, where a player strikes their own cue ball with a cue stick to first contact one object ball and then the other, achieving a valid sequence as defined by the game's rules. Each successful carom awards one point, and the match continues until a predetermined number of points is reached by one player. The cue ball may rebound off the table's cushions multiple times during a shot, depending on the variation, but the core goal remains precision in contacting both object balls to accumulate points.^[5]^[6] The balls are placed on designated spots on the table: the red object ball on the foot spot (near one end), the opponent's cue ball on the head spot (near the opposite end), and the player's cue ball positioned approximately 18 cm to one side of the head spot. This setup facilitates the opening break shot, distinguishing carom billiards from pocket billiards, where the focus is on sinking balls into pockets rather than achieving controlled caroms through geometric precision and angle management on a seamless, pocketless surface.^[6]

Equipment

Carom billiards requires a specialized pocketless table designed for precise rebounds and extended play. The regulation table features a smooth, horizontal playing surface measuring 1.42 by 2.84 meters (4.7 ft by 9.3 ft), on a table typically 1.5 by 3 meters (5 ft by 10 ft) overall, though a slightly smaller variant of 1.4 by 2.7 meters (4.5 ft by 9 ft) overall is also used in some competitions. The bed consists of slate at least 45 mm thick or an equivalent UMB-approved material, covered in baize cloth for consistent ball roll, with rubber cushions measuring 37 mm in height to ensure reliable bounces without pockets to interrupt gameplay.^[7]^[5] The game employs three uniform balls crafted from durable phenolic resin for superior impact resistance and consistent performance. Each ball has a diameter of 61 to 61.5 mm and weighs between 205 and 220 grams, with no more than a 2-gram weight difference among them; the set includes one red object ball and two cue balls—one plain white and one white with a spot or yellow for player distinction.^[5]^[8] The cue stick, essential for striking the balls with accuracy, is typically constructed from wood or UMB-approved composite materials, measuring 1.4 to 1.5 meters in length with a tapered shaft and a leather tip for optimal spin control; no mechanical bridges are permitted in professional play, though a simple rake may assist in awkward positions.^[5]^[4] Supporting accessories include chalk applied to the cue tip to prevent slippage, an optional billiard glove for improved hand glide on the cloth, and diamond markers embedded along the rails to aid in shot alignment and positioning.^[5]

History

Origins in Europe

Carom billiards traces its roots to precursor ground games played in 15th-century France and England, where players used mallets to strike balls across lawns in a manner akin to early croquet, aiming to hit targets or arches without fixed boundaries.^[9] These outdoor pursuits, documented as early as the 1340s and persisting into the 1600s, gradually shifted indoors during the 17th and 18th centuries to tables with raised edges, initially employing mace-like sticks before the evolution to modern cues for greater precision.^[10] This transition accommodated the game's growing popularity among nobility, transforming it from a seasonal lawn activity into a year-round indoor pastime.^[11] In France, the game formalized around the mid-18th century as jeu de billard carambole, emphasizing skillful contacts between balls rather than pocketing, though early versions retained table pockets similar to contemporary pool setups.^[12] By the early 19th century, French innovators removed the pockets entirely to heighten the focus on carom shots—direct collisions between the cue ball and two object balls—elevating the emphasis on geometry, angles, and spin over mere placement. This pocketless format, which distinguished carom from pocket billiards, gained traction in Parisian cafes and aristocratic salons, where it was refined for competitive play. The foundational rules of straight-rail carom emerged in the 1820s, requiring players to execute simple caroms by striking both object balls with the cue ball in sequence, without any obligation to contact the cushions.^[13] This straightforward variant prioritized positional control and repetitive scoring over complex maneuvers, making it accessible yet challenging for prolonged rallies.^[14] Its development addressed the limitations of earlier pocketed games, promoting endurance and strategic ball placement on the open table surface.^[15] Key advancements in 1775 included the introduction of a red object ball to differentiate it from the two white cue balls (one per player), enhancing visibility and standardizing the three-ball setup that remains central to carom play.^[16] By the mid-19th century, the game had spread from France to neighboring Belgium and the Netherlands, where local clubs adapted straight-rail rules and fostered regional tournaments, solidifying its European foothold.^[17] This diffusion laid the groundwork for carom's enduring appeal in continental Europe, distinct from the pocket-oriented variants emerging elsewhere.

Evolution and Global Spread

In the late 19th century, rule innovations sought to counter the dominance of prolonged scoring sequences in straight-rail carom billiards, particularly those enabled by massé shots and repetitive nurse positions. Balklines were introduced in 1883, with an initial 8-inch demarcation from the table's edges to restrict ball clustering in corners and limit such tactics, marking a pivotal refinement to promote more dynamic play.^[18] The three-cushion variant, requiring the cue ball to contact at least three cushions before striking the second object ball, emerged in the United States during the 1870s as an evolution from one-cushion billiards, initially gaining traction among American players for its strategic depth. By the 1920s, European players refined the game through competitive standardization, elevating it from a novelty to a sophisticated discipline that emphasized precision and geometry.^[19]^[20] Professionalization accelerated in the early 20th century as straight-rail gave way to more engaging formats. By the 1930s, balkline's popularity waned due to its complexity, leading to three-cushion's ascent as the premier carom discipline, with champions like Willie Hoppe transitioning and dominating international matches until the mid-20th century. This shift culminated in the formation of the Union Mondiale de Billard (UMB) in 1959, establishing a centralized international framework for governance and tournaments.^[21]^[22] Carom billiards reached its zenith in Western Europe before World War II, particularly in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, where dense networks of clubs and national federations fostered widespread amateur and professional engagement. Postwar resurgence in Asia began in the late 20th century, with South Korea's investment in infrastructure and training—starting with the founding of its national federation in 1981—transforming it into a powerhouse with millions of participants and consistent world champions. Turkey experienced parallel growth from the late 1980s, expanding to over 21,000 registered players by the early 2010s through inclusive programs across disciplines. In Latin America, Cuban expatriate players and cultural exchanges in the 1960s spurred adoption in countries like Venezuela and Colombia, building on pre-revolution traditions to integrate carom into regional sports scenes.^[23]^[24] As of 2025, the UMB oversees competitions across 71 member nations, reflecting carom's enduring global footprint amid diversification. Carom billiards featured in the 2025 World Games in Chengdu, China, highlighting its international status. Digital simulations, such as interactive training tools on platforms like Kozoom, have enhanced accessibility by allowing virtual practice of complex shots. Complementing this, youth programs through the World Confederation of Billiards Sports (WCBS) and regional federations—including international youth championships and coach academies—have cultivated new talent, with events like the European youth tournaments drawing participants from over a dozen countries to sustain the sport's vitality.^[22]^[25]^[26]^[27]

Core Gameplay

Basic Rules

Carom billiards games commence with a lag shot to determine the breaking player. Each participant places their cue ball on or behind the head string, approximately 40 cm from the head rail, and strokes it straight toward the foot rail; the ball stopping closest to the foot rail without touching it wins the lag, granting the choice to break or defer to the opponent. For the opening break, the red object ball is positioned on the foot spot, the non-breaker's cue ball on the head spot, and the breaker's cue ball anywhere behind the head string. The breaker must strike their cue ball to contact the red ball first, and a valid carom—hitting both the red and opponent's cue ball—may score a point to begin the inning.^[5]^[1] A player's inning proceeds with consecutive shots from the position left by the previous stroke, continuing as long as valid caroms are executed, each awarding one point; the inning concludes without a point if the cue ball fails to contact both object balls or if a foul occurs. The opponent then assumes control, striking their own cue ball from wherever it rests among the three balls, with play alternating strictly between players unless an extended inning occurs. Standard play imposes no time restrictions per shot or inning, emphasizing precision over speed.^[5]^[6] Fouls encompass several procedural violations, including the cue ball leaving the table (scratching), any object ball jumping off the table, failure to hit both required balls in sequence, touching or moving any ball except with a proper cue stroke, playing the wrong cue ball, or double-hitting the cue ball. Additional fouls involve not maintaining at least one foot on the floor during the stroke, shooting while balls are still in motion, or using an improper cue (e.g., without a leather tip). Upon committing a foul, the player forfeits their inning and any potential point, with no further penalty in basic play; balls that leave the table are respotted on their designated spots according to the rules of the specific discipline, and the opponent continues from the resulting position without ball-in-hand privileges.^[5]^[6] Matches follow a race format to a fixed point total, commonly 50 points, though adjustable by tournament organizers, with the first player reaching or exceeding the target declared the winner; ties may require a shoot-out or additional set. Turns alternate after each completed inning, ensuring balanced opportunity regardless of run lengths.^[1]^[5] The pocketless carom table includes diamond-shaped markers embedded in the rails at regular intervals, serving as reference points for players to calculate angles, rebounds, and shot trajectories with mathematical precision. A range of stroke techniques is permitted to achieve caroms, including draw shots that apply backspin to curve the cue ball toward the object balls, masse shots that arc the path via elevated cue angles for tight navigation, and jump shots that elevate the cue ball over intervening balls, provided they comply with general foul prohibitions unless variant-specific restrictions apply.^[5]^[1]

Scoring System

In carom billiards, a point is scored for each valid carom, defined as the cue ball making contact with both the opponent's cue ball and the object ball (typically red) in any order during a single stroke.^[5]^[28] The carom must be intentional, with the referee validating the sequence based on ball paths and contacts to ensure compliance with game rules.^[5] During an inning, a player continues play after scoring and accumulates multiple points until failing to execute a valid carom, at which point the turn ends and the opponent takes over.^[1] In professional three-cushion play, an average inning yields 1 to 2 points, though exceptional performances can produce runs of 10 or more points.^[29] A game concludes when one player reaches a predetermined point total, commonly 40 to 50 points in three-cushion matches, with the referee announcing the final point as valid.^[30] If scores tie at the target, resolution typically involves a sudden-death shoot-out where the first player to score wins.^[1] In straight-rail variants, advanced techniques like nurse shots enable repeated easy caroms by gently advancing the balls along a rail, allowing extended runs, though such strategies are restricted in other carom games to prevent stagnation.^[13]

Major Variations

Three-Cushion Billiards

Three-cushion billiards requires the cue ball to contact at least three cushions—either sequentially or with multiple hits on the same cushion counting individually—before caroming off both object balls to score a point.^[31] The cue ball must first hit one object ball or a cushion, but the sequence can vary, such as cushion-first, ball-first, or third-ball-first approaches, as long as the three-cushion minimum is met prior to the second object ball contact.^[32] Failure to achieve this results in a foul, leading to loss of turn with no point awarded, and the incoming player continues from the current ball positions.^[33] The game begins with the red object ball placed on the foot spot, the opponent's cue ball (yellow) on the head spot, and the player's cue ball (white) placed anywhere behind the head string on a pocketless 5x10-foot table covered in tight-napped cloth.^[33]^[34] Players alternate turns, with the breaker aiming for an opening shot that positions the balls favorably; defensive plays include leaving the cue ball frozen to a cushion to limit opponent options, though shooting directly into a frozen cushion is a foul.^[6] Common shot types encompass bank shots, where the cue ball rebounds off multiple rails before contacting balls, and combination shots, where one object ball is used to drive into the other after cushion contacts.^[33] Strategy centers on precise angle geometry, often using the diamond system to map rail contacts and predict ball paths across the table's marked diamonds.^[35] Spin control is essential for adjusting trajectories, enabling longer angles or curve shots to navigate complex patterns involving four or more cushions when needed.^[32] Openings typically favor third-ball-first for controlled positioning or cushion-first for aggressive breaks, emphasizing safety and average-building over high-risk runs due to the game's high skill ceiling.^[32] This variant gained dominance among carom games in the 1920s as balkline waned, becoming the standard for professional play by the 1930s.^[10] It remains the most popular carom discipline globally, particularly in Europe, Asia, and the Americas, with the UMB World Cup series held annually since 1988 featuring matches to 50 points in finals.^[36]^[37]

Balkline Billiards

Balkline billiards emerged in the late 1880s as a refinement of straight-rail carom to counteract "nursing," a repetitive technique where players gently nudged balls along rails or into corners for prolonged scoring sequences.^[38] The core rule foundation involves marking the table with balklines—straight lines drawn parallel to each rail, usually at a distance of 18 inches (about 47 cm) from the cushions—dividing the playing surface into nine rectangular zones, or "cadres."^[39] To score a point, the cue ball must strike both the opponent's cue ball and the red object ball (a carom), but if both object balls are in the same zone at the start of the shot, the incoming object ball must cross into an adjacent zone after the carom; failure to do so results in no score for that shot.^[38] Key variants include the 18.2 or 47/2 balkline, which permits up to two consecutive caroms within a zone before requiring the object ball to exit, and the 71/2, which allows up to seven caroms in the four larger central zones but only two in the smaller corner "anchor" zones, which measure about 9 inches square where balklines meet the rails.^[39] These restrictions, known as "counts," force players to alternate their cue ball strategically, promoting open-table play rather than clustered positioning.^[38] In the 18.1 or 47/1 variant, only one carom is allowed per zone entry, heightening the demand for precise positioning.^[38] Penalties for violations, such as failing to drive the object ball across a balkline, include nullifying the shot's score and, in some cases, deducting a point from the shooter's total, with balls left in place or repositioned by the referee if fouled.^[39] The technical setup requires a standard pocketless carom table, typically 5 by 10 feet, with balklines and anchor zones marked using tailor's chalk and a straightedge for accuracy; diamonds along the rails are often adjusted or supplemented to align with these lines for measurement.^[38] Balls begin placed in designated head spots or zones, with players alternating turns using their designated cue ball (white or yellow) against the opponent's and the red object ball.^[39] Referees use French-derived calls like "entrée" (entry into a zone) or "dedans" (shot within the zone) to track compliance, ensuring the game's emphasis on tactical mobility over static nursing.^[38] Balkline billiards peaked in popularity during the early 1900s in the United States, where it became the dominant professional carom discipline, exemplified by tournaments sponsored by manufacturers like Brunswick-Balke-Collender.^[39] However, its complexity and slower pace contributed to a decline starting in the 1930s, as three-cushion billiards gained favor for its dynamic rail interactions, leading to balkline's status as a niche pursuit with major events largely ceasing by the 1950s.^[40]

Other Variants

One-cushion billiards, a straightforward variant of carom, requires the cue ball to contact at least one cushion before striking the second object ball to score a point.^[5] Games typically proceed to a predetermined score, such as 40 points in amateur play, with the first player to reach it declared the winner.^[41] This simplicity makes it accessible for beginners, emphasizing basic carom mechanics without complex rail requirements. Straight-rail billiards, also known as the free game in some contexts, imposes no cushion or zonal restrictions, allowing players to score points solely by caroming the cue ball off both object balls.^[13] Unlimited "nursing"—repeatedly positioning balls close together for successive shots—is permitted, often leading to extended innings that can last hundreds of points.^[13] Originating in the 19th century, it served as the foundation for modern carom disciplines but has become rare in competitive settings due to its potential for prolonged play.^[13] Artistic billiards shifts focus from direct competition to performance, where players execute predefined routines of 28 figures in group stages and 1/8-finals, or 35 figures in quarterfinals, semi-finals, and finals, consisting of intricate shots such as jumps, spins, and balances, within a time limit.^[42] Scoring relies on successful completion of these figures, judged by panels based on difficulty coefficients ranging from 1 to 10 points, with three attempts allowed per shot; failure results in zero points for that figure.^[42] Unlike opponent-based games, it emphasizes creativity and precision, often as an exhibition format. Regional variants include four-ball carom, popular in East Asia, which uses two cue balls and two object balls on a pocketless table, scoring points by caroming the cue ball off both object balls (and sometimes the opponent's cue) in one stroke.^[43] In Korea, known as sa-gu, hitting both reds yields one point and continued play, while contact with the opponent's cue deducts a point and ends the turn.^[44] Japanese forms like yotsudama follow similar mechanics but may incorporate unique positional rules. The unrestricted free game also serves as a training tool, allowing unrestricted caroms to build foundational skills without zonal penalties.^[5] These variants highlight carom's emphasis on creativity and simplicity over structured competition, with the Union Mondiale de Billard recognizing them but hosting limited events compared to more prominent disciplines.^[5]

Professional Scene

Governing Bodies and Tournaments

The Union Mondiale de Billard (UMB), founded on June 1, 1959, in Madrid, serves as the international governing body for carom billiards, establishing official rules, maintaining world rankings, and coordinating competitions across more than 50 member national federations as of 2025.^[45]^[22] Headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, the UMB promotes the sport globally through standardized regulations and oversight of professional events.^[46] The UMB organizes the flagship World Three-Cushion Championship, held annually since 1928 with modern iterations featuring knockout and round-robin formats to determine the discipline's top players.^[47] Complementing this is the UMB World Cup circuit in three-cushion billiards, which has run yearly since 1986 with a minimum of five tournaments per season, typically expanding to between three and ten stops worldwide to accumulate ranking points. These events emphasize three-cushion as the dominant professional variant. Regional championships under UMB auspices include the biennial European Championship, organized by the Confédération Européenne de Billard, and the Asian Carom Billiards Championship, managed by the Asian Carom Billiard Confederation since its affiliation with the UMB.^[48] Women's divisions have expanded significantly since the early 2000s, with dedicated world championships starting in 1999 and increasing participation reflecting broader growth in female involvement. Professional matches generally race to 40-60 points within a 40-50 innings limit, fostering strategic depth.^[5] In recent years, carom billiards has gained visibility through inclusion in the 2025 Southeast Asian Games, featuring events in the discipline alongside other billiard formats.^[49] Efforts for Olympic recognition, led by the World Confederation of Billiards Sports, remain ongoing but stalled as of 2025, with focus shifting toward potential inclusion in the 2028 Los Angeles Games after missing Paris 2024.^[50] Top UMB tournaments collectively offer prize funds exceeding €500,000 annually, bolstered by new series like the 2026-2028 World Masters with a total of USD 1.064 million in prize money across four tournaments.^[51]

Notable Players and Achievements

Pioneers of carom billiards include Maurice Vignaux of France, who dominated balkline variants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, winning the world 18.1 balkline championship in 1903 and the 18.2 balkline title in 1904, while remaining Europe's recognized balkline champion until 1910.^[52] Vignaux's influence extended through his role in popularizing carom in the United States, where he coached and competed against emerging American talent.^[53] Willie Hoppe of the United States emerged as a transformative figure, defeating Vignaux in 1906 at age 18 to claim his first world 18.1 balkline title in Paris, a victory that marked the rise of American dominance in the sport.^[53] Hoppe amassed numerous world championships across balkline, cushion carom, and three-cushion variants, including 11 three-cushion titles from 1936 to 1952, establishing records for longevity and versatility that shaped professional carom for decades.^[53] In the modern era, Raymond Ceulemans of Belgium stands as one of the most accomplished players, securing 21 UMB world three-cushion championships between 1963 and 2001, a record that underscores his unparalleled consistency and strategic innovation in the discipline.^[54] Ceulemans' career also includes 35 total world titles across variants, advancing techniques like precise position play that remain foundational.^[55] Frédéric Caudron of Belgium has continued this legacy, winning four UMB world three-cushion championships in 1999, 2013, 2017, and 2025, often achieving averages exceeding 2.500 in high-stakes matches.^[56] Known for his fluid style and record high runs, including a 32-carom run in 2021, Caudron's contributions have elevated the sport's technical standards.^[57] Tayfun Taşdemir of Turkey achieved prominence by capturing the 2022 UMB world three-cushion title in Donghae City, South Korea, defeating Ruben Legazpi 50-14 in the final, highlighting Turkey's growing influence in international carom.^[58] Women have broken barriers in carom, with Therese Klompenhouwer of the Netherlands pioneering parity since her first European three-cushion title in 2005, followed by 10 consecutive European wins through 2023 and six UMB women's world championships as of 2025.^[59]^[60] Klompenhouwer's dominance, including a 2025 World Games gold in women's three-cushion and her sixth UMB world title in Cartagena, has spurred dedicated women's circuits and increased participation globally.^[61] Notable records include Marco Zanetti's 40 points in 6 innings (average of 6.667) in a 2014 Italian league match, exemplifying peak performance in three-cushion play.^[62] Ceulemans holds the benchmark for sustained excellence with his 21 world titles, while Caudron's multiple high averages above 2.500 illustrate the sport's evolving precision.^[29]

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Major tournaments are played in sets of fifteen points. The three-cushion championship is the oldest tournament which has be conducted since the late 1920s. ...Missing: sources | Show results with:sources
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UMB World Cup Winners - 3-Cushion Billiards
Jun 3, 2014 · UMB World Cup Winners ; 1988/6, Torbjörn Blomdahl / Sweden, Tokyo, Japan ; 1989/1, Richard Bitalis / France, Deurne, Belgium ; 1989/2, Ludo Dielis ...
[40]
Balkline - United States Billiard Association
Feb 26, 2013 · Balkline games developed because players were too good at the championship game a form of straight rail where a triangular zone in the corners limited the ...Missing: introduction | Show results with:introduction
[41]
18.2 Balkline Rules - Billiards
Apr 15, 2009 · Official 18.2 Balkline Carom Rules. 18.2 Balkline, which is a variant of carom billiards, evolved from Straight Line or straight rail billiards ...Missing: authoritative | Show results with:authoritative
[42]
History of The Game - PoolRoom Billiards
Balkline is a version of carom billiards with lines drawn on the table to form rectangles. When both object balls lie in the same rectangle, the number of shots ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[43]
Discover the rules for Carom billiards - Billards Breton
3-Cushions. Cue ball must rebound at least on three cushions before it hits the last ball. Balkline. There are 3 differents balkline games: 47 ...Missing: UMB | Show results with:UMB
[44]
[PDF] World Championship Rules Artistic discipline
Large indicating/score boards for each billiard table with clear visibility must be available in the arena. Billiard tables and indicating boards should display ...
[45]
https://www.eurobillard.org/medias/rolls-of-honors/100-years-world-billiards-federation.pdf
[46]
Sa-gu, Korea's popular alternative to pocket pool - Alex Pickett
Dec 23, 2010 · Most pool tables here have no pockets. And there are only four balls. That's why it's called sa-gu (사구). Sa is Korean for “four” and gu is “ball.”
[47]
[PDF] 100 years of the World Billiard Associations
And so, on June 1, 1959, the Union Mondiale de Billard (UMB) was founded in Madrid - at the instigation of the CEB and the South American billiards federation ...Missing: formation date
[48]
Union Mondiale de Billard
UMB Active events. · UMB website · UMB World Ranking Three... · ImageMissing: headquarters nations
[49]
UMB World Championship Tournament Videos - 3-Cushion Billiards
Dec 8, 2023 · The Union Mondiale de Billard (UMB) is the governing body for 3-Cushion Billiards in the world. Each year since 1928 (with few interruptions) the UMB has ...
[50]
Three-Cushion World Cup - Wikipedia
The BWA organized the World-Cup along with the world governing body, the Union Mondiale de Billard (UMB). Between 1988 and 1993, the UMB no longer hosted any ...Missing: formation | Show results with:formation
[51]
European top at the start of 10 days championship
Apr 27, 2017 · The European championship is a bi-annual event where the best carom players compete for gold, silver and bronze. The individual 3-cushion event, ...Missing: frequency | Show results with:frequency
[52]
Asian Carom Billiard Confederation - Wikipedia
The Asian Carom Billiard Confederation (ACBC) is the Asian governing body of carom billiards and is affiliated to the world federation Union Mondiale de ...
[53]
Billiards & Snooker - SEA GAMES Thailand 2025
Carom Billiards: Hit your designated ball as specified before the game ... Billiards and Snookerat the 2025 SEA Games will consist of 3 categories : Billiards , ...Missing: inclusion | Show results with:inclusion
[54]
Is Billiards in the Olympics? Current Status Explained - SportSurge
No, billiards is not in the Olympics as of 2025. Learn why, its IOC recognition status, and chances for future inclusion.
[55]
UMB 3-Cushion World Masters – A New Era for Global Carom Billiards
Oct 18, 2025 · The new project, titled “UMB 3-Cushion World Masters”, aims to expand the global Carom Economy through world-class entertainment events that ...
[56]
MAURICE VIGNAUX DEAD.; Famous French Billiardist Played Many ...
Maurice Vignaux, the famous French billiard player, died at Monte Carlo Thursday, according to a cable dispatch to the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company.Missing: carom | Show results with:carom
[57]
Hall of Fame Inductees, 1966-1968 - Billiard Congress of America
In 1906, at the tender age of 18, Hoppe won his first world's title by defeating the renowned French champion, Maurice Vignaux, at 18.1 Balkline in a memorable ...
[58]
All results - Raymond Ceulemans
Detailed list of individual victories of Raymond Ceulemans ; Tournai (Bel), European champion, 3-Cushion, 1,366 ; Las Vegas (USA), Worldchampion, 3-Cushion, 1,164.
[59]
Raymond Ceulemans, the legend turns 80! • 3-Cushion - Kozoom TV
Jul 7, 2017 · The best billiard player ever, in an era of autocracy and absolute power, won 35 world titles (20 in the three cushion), 48 European titles and ...
[60]
Frédéric Caudron crowned king in his homeland • 3-Cushion
Oct 18, 2025 · ANTWERP – The three-cushion world title in a Belgian titanic battle went to Frédéric Caudron this Saturday.
[61]
High Run of 32 World Record Frederic Caudron 3 Cushion Billiard
Sep 9, 2021 · Hello, I'm the Bilardo Matematiği (Billiard Mathematics). Youtube is my biggest passion. I'm uploading new videos every week for the world ...
[62]
Tayfun Tasdemir is the 2022 UMB Three Cushion World Champion
Dec 6, 2022 · Tayfun Tasdemir has won the 2022 UMB 3-cushion world title. In Donghae City, South-Korea, he defeated Ruben Legazpi in a one-sided final: 50-14 in 15/14 ...Missing: youngest | Show results with:youngest
[63]
Ten European titles: Therese is unique • 3-Cushion
Apr 12, 2023 · It seems like an eternity ago, but Therese's first European title dates back to 2005, when she beat another Dutch player, Gerrie Geelen, in sets ...Missing: female | Show results with:female
[64]
CHASING THE FIRST WORLD GAMES GOLD MEDAL - Aramith
Oct 29, 2025 · Therèse Klompenhouwer made history this summer by becoming the first female World Games Champion in Carom 3-cushion.
[65]
World Records in Three Cushion Billiards
Mar 4, 2014 · Frederic Caudron (2011, Vienna 2.420). World record for high run - Junichi Komori 1993 - 28. Raymond Ceulemans 1998 - 28. Roland Forthomme 2012 ...