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Compass rose

A compass rose, also known as a wind rose or rose of the winds, is a circular figure displayed on maps, nautical charts, and compasses that illustrates the cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—along with intermediate points to indicate orientation and facilitate navigation.^[1]^[2] It typically features an outer ring graduated in degrees from true north and an inner ring or arrow pointing to magnetic north, allowing users to measure bearings relative to both geographic and magnetic poles.^[3] The compass rose traces its origins to ancient representations of wind directions, where early Mediterranean cultures classified prevailing winds into eight principal categories, later subdivided into 16 or 32 points for greater precision in sailing.^[4] This wind rose evolved into the modern compass rose during the 13th century with the adoption of the magnetic compass in Europe, as the pivoting needle was paired with a directional card marked by these points.^[5] By the 14th century, it appeared on portolan charts—detailed Mediterranean navigation maps—where rhumb lines radiated from central compass roses to plot courses, marking a shift from wind-based to magnetic orientation.^[6] One of the earliest surviving depictions of a compass rose on a map is found in the 1375 Catalan Atlas, created by Jewish cartographer Abraham Cresques for the crown of Aragon, featuring multiple 32-point roses that highlighted advanced navigational knowledge of the era.^[7] Over time, compass roses became both functional tools and decorative elements in cartography, often adorned with fleur-de-lis symbols for north or elaborate flourishes symbolizing exploration and precision.^[8] In contemporary nautical charts produced by organizations like NOAA, they remain essential for plotting true and magnetic headings, with each chart including at least one rose per section to account for local magnetic variation.^[9]

Historical Development

The compass rose traces its conceptual origins to ancient systems of wind direction, particularly the Greek Anemoi, personified deities representing the cardinal and intercardinal winds. In Greek mythology, the four principal winds were Boreas (north, associated with winter and cold), Zephyrus (west, linked to spring and gentle breezes), Notus (south, tied to summer storms and humidity), and Eurus (east, connected to autumn and unwholesome heat); these were expanded to eight principal winds by including Kaikias (northeast), Apeliotes (southeast), Lips (southwest), and Skeiron (northwest), each with distinct mythological roles as sons of the dawn goddess Eos and the Titan Astraeus.^[10] Aristotle elaborated on this in his Meteorology (Book II, Chapter 6), describing a wind rose with ten or twelve directions based on observational geography, while Pliny the Elder noted that over twenty Greek authors had composed treatises on winds, influencing Roman adaptations that often favored a twelve-point system for architectural and navigational planning.^[11] These wind roses served as diagrammatic tools for orienting buildings and voyages, emphasizing environmental and divine associations rather than precise magnetism.^[12] The transition to medieval navigation involved integrating these wind systems with the magnetic compass, first invented in China during the Han dynasty around 200 BCE as a lodestone device for divination, though its navigational application emerged later in the Song dynasty by the 11th century for maritime steering.^[13] Chinese mariners refined it into a floating needle compass aligned with cardinal directions, enhancing reliability over star or landmark-based methods.^[14] The technology spread westward through Arab traders in the Islamic world by the late 11th century, where it merged with existing wind lore; Islamic scholars adapted it for astronomy and seafaring, transmitting knowledge to Europe via Mediterranean commerce in the 12th century.^[14] This diffusion facilitated the evolution of wind roses into practical aids, as European sailors combined the device's magnetic north with traditional wind headings for dead reckoning.^[15] In 13th-century Europe, particularly in Italian maritime centers, portolan charts emerged as the first nautical maps incorporating wind roses as circular diagrams with radiating lines for rhumb navigation, reflecting influences from both Chinese compass technology and Islamic cartographic traditions.^[16] These charts overlaid wind directions on coastal outlines, initially using eight principal winds doubled to sixteen points for greater precision in plotting courses. The integration created proto-compass roses, where the magnetic needle's orientation aligned with wind names, allowing sailors to maintain headings in fog or night.^[14] A key artifact is the Carta Pisana, dated around 1300 and preserved in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, recognized as the earliest surviving portolan chart featuring a wind rose with sixteen points emanating from two central hubs, derived from the eight classical winds for enhanced directional accuracy.^[17] This chart exemplifies the merger, marking the shift from mythological wind deities to instrumental navigation tools in the Mediterranean.^[16]

Evolution in Cartography and Instrumentation

The revival of Ptolemy's Geography in the 15th century profoundly influenced European cartography, promoting a systematic orientation of maps with north at the top and facilitating the expansion of compass roses from basic 8- or 16-point designs to more precise 32-point configurations for enhanced navigational accuracy.^[18] By the mid-16th century, these 32-point roses became standard on nautical charts, dividing the circle into 11.25-degree increments to align with rhumb lines for plotting courses.^[19] During the Age of Exploration, compass roses played a crucial role in Portuguese and Spanish voyages, as seen on the 1502 Cantino planisphere, where a single, ornate central rose with 32 points guided transatlantic and Indian Ocean routes while accounting for emerging awareness of magnetic variations.^[20] Christopher Columbus's observation of magnetic declination on September 13, 1492—when the compass needle deviated from the North Star—prompted early adjustments in rose alignments on exploratory maps, highlighting the need for variation corrections in open-sea navigation.^[21] The compass rose evolved from static chart elements to integral components of physical instruments, with engravings on pivoting compass cards appearing in dry compasses by the 14th century to provide stable directional references amid ship motion.^[22] By the 19th century, these detailed 32-point roses were incorporated into dry-card designs and early liquid-filled compasses, where alcohol damping reduced oscillation and improved readability for mariners.^[23] This integration marked a shift toward more reliable instrumentation, bridging cartographic ideals with practical seafaring tools. In the 19th century, the British Admiralty standardized compass roses on hydrographic charts, mandating uniform 32-point designs overlaid with rhumb lines—curved paths of constant bearing, or loxodromes—to enable precise dead reckoning and course plotting on global surveys.^[24] These reforms, driven by expanded imperial navigation needs, ensured consistency across Admiralty publications, reducing errors in longitude determination and supporting the era's steamship and clipper trade routes.^[24]

Design Elements

Core Components and Directions

The core components of a compass rose revolve around its directional points, which provide navigational reference by dividing the 360° horizon into discrete segments. The four cardinal directions—north (N), east (E), south (S), and west (W)—form the foundational structure. These terms derive from ancient Indo-European linguistic roots tied to solar orientation, where one faces the rising sun: east originates from a Proto-Indo-European word meaning "dawn" or "morning light," reflecting the direction of sunrise; south stems from a root associated with the "sun," as it lies to the right in this orientation; west comes from a term meaning "evening" or "to set," indicating sunset; and north arises from a root denoting "left" or "below," positioning it to the left when facing east.^[25]^[26]^[25]^[25] Intercardinal points, also known as ordinal directions, bisect the angles between cardinals, yielding northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW), and northwest (NW). These compound names logically combine the adjacent cardinals, such as NE for the midway point between north and east, facilitating coarser angular precision in early navigation.^[27] Compass roses expand beyond these eight points to 16 or 32 divisions using rhumb lines—straight lines of constant bearing that radiate from the center like spokes. In a 16-point rose, each segment spans 22.5°, adding points like north-northeast (NNE) and east-northeast (ENE) by halving the intercardinal intervals. The 32-point system further refines this to 11.25° per point, incorporating names such as north by east (N by E) and east by north (E by N); naming follows a pattern starting from the nearest cardinal or intercardinal, using "by" for quarter-points (e.g., N by E) and double compounds for halves (e.g., NNE). This hierarchical naming, known as "boxing the compass," allows sailors to articulate precise headings verbally.^[27]^[28] At the center of the compass rose lies the pivot point, representing the compass needle's fulcrum, around which the directional lines converge. North is conventionally marked with a fleur-de-lis symbol, a stylized lily adopted from medieval European cartography to denote the primary direction, while south is often indicated by a cross, evoking navigational or religious significance in traditional designs.^[29]^[16] The geometric foundation of these divisions relies on equal angular partitioning of the full circle. For a rose with p points, the angle θ for the nth point (where n ranges from 0 to p-1, starting at north) is given by:

\theta = \frac{n \times 360^\circ}{p}

For instance, in a 32-point rose, each division measures 11.25° (360°/32), enabling fine-grained bearings essential for maritime precision.^[27]

Stylistic Variations and Ornamentation

Compass roses exhibit significant stylistic variations across regions and eras, reflecting cultural aesthetics and artistic traditions while maintaining their fundamental directional purpose. In medieval European portolan charts, designs often incorporated elaborate flourishes inspired by contemporary manuscript illumination, featuring intricate radiating lines and decorative elements like fleur-de-lis symbols marking north. These styles emphasized opulence, with compass roses serving as focal points on hand-drawn parchment maps to denote wind directions and bearings.^[16] In contrast, Ottoman nautical charts displayed compass roses influenced by Islamic art, utilizing intricate geometric patterns characterized by interlocking stars, polygons, and arabesques that symbolized mathematical precision and divine order. These designs avoided figurative representations, instead prioritizing symmetrical motifs derived from compass and ruler constructions, as seen in works like those referenced in early modern Ottoman cartography. Such patterns highlighted cultural preferences for abstraction and repetition, distinguishing them from the more narrative European styles.^[30] Ornamental motifs further diversified compass rose aesthetics, with gilding applied to central elements for visual prominence and symbolic elevation, evoking celestial or divine guidance. Colors played a key role in tradition; for instance, red frequently denoted south in European conventions, signifying warmth or danger, while green and blue highlighted other directions in portolan traditions. Symbolic icons, such as anchors representing maritime safety or stars alluding to astral navigation, were integrated into the petals or surrounding frames, adding layers of meaning tied to seafaring lore.^[19] Variations in production medium influenced ornamentation profoundly. Hand-drawn compass roses on medieval parchment allowed for personalized flourishes, including illuminated details and irregular asymmetries that reflected the artisan's skill. By the Renaissance, printed engravings enabled more standardized yet detailed designs, as exemplified in Gerard Mercator's 1569 world map, where copperplate techniques produced precise, scalable compass roses with rhumb lines radiating from ornate centers, facilitating mass reproduction while preserving artistic intricacy. These shifts from manual to mechanical methods enhanced consistency without sacrificing decorative appeal.^[31] Although 20th-century adaptations trended toward simplified minimalist forms in logos and signage, historical pre-digital styles prioritized rich ornamentation to blend utility with cultural expression.

Types

Classical Compass Roses

The classical compass rose refers to the traditional 32-point directional diagram that became the standard in Western navigation during the Renaissance and persisted through the Age of Sail. This design divides the full 360° circle into 32 equally spaced points, each separated by 11.25°, achieved by successively halving the angles from the original 16 principal wind directions derived from ancient Mediterranean traditions.^[19] The points are labeled with compound names combining cardinal and intercardinal terms, such as "Oost-Noord-Oost" (east-northeast) in Dutch maritime nomenclature, reflecting linguistic adaptations across European seafaring cultures. From the 16th to the 19th century, the 32-point compass rose appeared ubiquitously on nautical charts across Europe and the Atlantic world, serving as a critical tool for mariners engaged in dead reckoning—estimating position based on course, speed, and time—and plotting rhumb lines for constant-bearing voyages. These roses enabled precise course-setting on charts where straight-line rhumb lines approximated great-circle paths for practical sailing, particularly during the era of transoceanic exploration and trade.^[32] Key features of classical compass roses included dual orientations to account for magnetic deviation: an outer ring or fleur-de-lis marker for true north aligned with geographic meridians, and an inner ring for magnetic north to note local variation. Degree markings from 0° to 360° were typically inscribed around the perimeter, allowing conversion between point-based directions and angular measurements for instrument calibration and chart plotting.^[33] A prominent example is the compass rose on Gerardus Mercator's 1569 world map, where multiple ornate 32-point roses are depicted with spiraling rhumb lines radiating outward, illustrating constant-direction paths across the projected globe and underscoring the rose's role in advancing navigational cartography.^[32] This design influenced subsequent charts, blending functionality with artistic embellishment to aid sailors in visualizing routes over vast distances.^[8]

Sidereal and Specialized Variants

The sidereal compass rose represents a specialized adaptation aligned with stellar north, primarily using the Pole Star (Polaris) as a reference point rather than Earth's magnetic field, facilitating precise astronomical observations and non-magnetic navigation. Developed in traditional navigation systems influenced by Arab astronomy, it features divisions such as 16 or 32 points corresponding to the rising azimuths of key stars, allowing navigators to track hourly stellar positions for orientation during voyages or celestial studies. By the late 18th century, such roses were documented in Pacific navigation contexts, where they organized star-based directional knowledge into a radial framework centered on prominent constellations like those around Altair.^[34]^[35] Polar variants of the compass rose address the unreliability of magnetic compasses near the geomagnetic poles, where declination becomes extreme and convergence complicates readings. These designs orient to grid north—a projected coordinate system aligned with true north along meridians of latitude—to enable accurate mapping in high-latitude regions. For instance, during Antarctic expeditions in the 1910s, such as Robert Falcon Scott's British Antarctic Expedition (1910–1913), charts incorporated grid-north roses to support sledge navigation and surveying, often supplemented by sun compasses for directional fixes when magnetic instruments failed due to proximity to the South Magnetic Pole. This approach ensured reliable plotting of routes across ice shelves, mitigating errors in polar exploration.^[36]^[37] In aviation, gyrocompass roses emerged in the 20th century as non-magnetic alternatives, leveraging gyroscopic principles to maintain true north alignment independent of aircraft attitude or magnetic interference. The gyro fluxgate compass, introduced during World War II, combined a fluxgate sensor for magnetic detection with a gyroscope for stabilization, displaying directions on a slaved gyro indicator with a rotating rose card marked in 5-degree increments. This system, pivotal in guiding U.S. bombers on long-range missions, corrected for precession and provided heading stability at speeds up to 300 mph, marking a significant advancement over liquid-filled magnetic compasses.^[38]^[39] Meteorological wind roses constitute another specialized form, diagramming prevailing wind directions and frequencies rather than cardinal bearings, typically divided into 8 or 16 points to represent sectors like north, northeast, and east. Originating in the 19th century but standardized in the 20th for environmental analysis, these polar plots use spoke lengths to indicate percentage frequency (e.g., 30% from the west) and color-coded segments for speed ranges (e.g., 1–4 knots in light shades), aiding in pollution dispersion modeling and site planning. Unlike navigational roses, they prioritize empirical data over fixed orientations, with 16-point versions offering finer resolution for complex wind patterns.^[40]^[41]

Mariner's Compass Roses

Mariner's compass roses are specialized navigational instruments designed for maritime use, featuring typically 32- or 64-point configurations printed or painted on lightweight, pivoting compass cards that rotate freely above a magnetic needle within a protective binnacle housing. These roses prioritize durability against ship vibrations, moisture, and impacts, often constructed with mica or synthetic materials for the card and encased in gimbaled bowls to maintain level orientation during rough seas. Readability is enhanced through bold, high-contrast markings visible from a distance, allowing helmsmen to quickly ascertain headings amid the demands of steering a vessel.^[42]^[43] The historical development of mariner's compass roses traces back to the 15th century, when binnacle-mounted designs emerged in European shipping to shield the instrument from weather and crew interference while providing stable reference for ocean crossings. By the 18th century, refinements included larger cards for better visibility on deck, as seen in naval vessels. Advancements continued into the 19th century with liquid-filled bowls to dampen needle oscillations, and by World War II, versions incorporated anti-magnetic corrections using soft iron spheres and Flinders bars to counteract distortions from steel hulls and onboard equipment. Luminous markings, utilizing radium-based paint for self-illumination, were introduced in the early 20th century to enable night readings without external lights, though earlier illumination relied on hooded oil lamps within the binnacle.^[22]^[44]^[45] Unique features of mariner's compass roses include integrated deviation cards, which tabulate magnetic errors caused by the ship's ferrous materials and vary by heading, allowing adjustments for accurate steering after compass swinging procedures. Labeling often simplifies traditional wind nomenclature—replacing ornate names or initials with numerical degrees (0° to 360°) or abbreviated points—for faster interpretation during maneuvers, reducing reliance on memorized wind terms. These elements ensure reliability in dynamic maritime environments, where even minor errors could lead to navigational hazards.^[46]^[47]^[48] A notable example is the mariner's compass rose employed during Captain James Cook's 18th-century Pacific voyages aboard HMS Endeavour and Resolution, where its 32-point design facilitated precise dead reckoning and coastal charting across vast, uncharted expanses, contributing to the mapping of regions like the Society Islands and New Zealand.^[49]

Depictions on Nautical Charts and Maps

Compass roses are typically positioned in the margins or open areas of nautical charts to avoid obscuring critical navigational features such as hazards or aids to navigation. They consist of concentric circles, with the outer ring aligned to true north—defined by the geographic North Pole—and the inner ring oriented to magnetic north, the direction indicated by a magnetic compass. The angular difference between these rings represents the local magnetic declination, or variation, provided for a specific reference date on the chart; for example, charts may note an annual change rate of approximately 0.1° to account for the shifting magnetic field.^[9]^[1] These depictions serve essential functions in navigation, including orienting rhumb lines—paths of constant compass bearing that appear as straight lines on Mercator projection charts—and measuring bearings for plotting courses between waypoints. Navigators use the roses to convert between true and magnetic directions, applying variation corrections to ensure accurate steering. On polar region charts, where meridians converge, compass roses often include indications of grid north, a fixed reference system overlaid on the map to simplify direction-finding independent of the converging true north lines; this distinction between inner (magnetic or grid) and outer (true) elements remains key for such specialized applications. Many nautical charts employ the classical 32-point compass rose structure for finer angular resolution in direction measurement.^[50] Historical conventions for nautical charts were advanced in the 19th century by organizations like the U.S. Coast Survey (predecessor to NOAA's Office of Coast Survey), which promoted uniformity across American waters. Roses were scaled proportionally to the chart's overall size for legibility, typically placed at intervals to cover the chart's extent without overlap.^[51]^[19] As of 2025, depictions have evolved in Electronic Nautical Charts (ENCs) governed by International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) standards, particularly the S-57 specification, where compass roses are rendered as interactive graphical elements within Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). These digital roses incorporate metadata attributes for magnetic variation, including reference years and annual change rates, enabling real-time declination computation based on the vessel's position, date, and geomagnetic models without manual adjustment. This interactivity enhances precision in dynamic navigation environments.^[52]^[53]

Modern and Digital Representations

In modern navigation systems, the compass rose has evolved into dynamic, interactive elements integrated with Global Positioning System (GPS) and Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) technologies. In Garmin's GPSMAP marine chartplotters, a compass rose is displayed around the vessel icon, oriented to the boat's heading and updated in real-time using GPS data for accurate directional guidance. ECDIS systems incorporate compass roses to indicate magnetic variation, allowing navigators to apply corrections for the difference between true and magnetic north, often derived from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) datum standard for positional accuracy. These digital roses can be rotatable in 3D views within compatible apps, enabling users to simulate vessel orientation and adjust for declination automatically via satellite inputs, enhancing precision in electronic navigation. Digital representations of the compass rose have simplified for user interfaces in mobile applications, featuring 8- or 16-point icons that animate to show heading changes. For instance, in Google Maps, the compass widget rotates to reflect the user's direction, aiding pedestrian and vehicular navigation since its integration in early mobile versions. These variations prioritize minimalism for quick readability on small screens, often overlaying the rose on maps to provide contextual orientation without overwhelming visual clutter. In aviation, compass roses appear in heads-up displays (HUDs) compliant with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) standards for electronic flight decks, projecting heading and course data directly into the pilot's forward view to maintain situational awareness. Automotive applications extend this to dashboard integrations and augmented reality (AR) overlays in 2020s electric vehicles (EVs), such as Audi's Q4 e-tron, where dynamic AR windshields project navigational cues including directional indicators akin to a compass rose, fusing real-world views with GPS-derived headings for enhanced driver assistance. Post-2020 developments incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) to refine compass rose functionality in drone navigation, compensating for disruptions like geomagnetic storms that can distort magnetic sensors. AI algorithms enable resilient autopilots in GPS-denied environments, adjusting directional displays in real-time based on predictive models of solar activity. Additionally, virtual reality (VR) simulations for navigation training feature interactive compass roses, as seen in maritime VR setups for unmanned surface vessels, where users manipulate 3D roses overlaid on virtual charts to practice heading adjustments and low-cognitive-load operations.

Symbolic and Cultural Roles

Use as a Heraldic and Artistic Symbol

The compass rose serves as a heraldic charge symbolizing direction, guidance, and exploration, often blazoned as a multi-pointed mullet conjoined to an annulet to denote orientation on maps and emblems.^[54] In this context, it represents the cardinal points and navigational precision, drawing from its origins in medieval cartography where it marked winds and bearings.^[19] A notable heraldic application appears in the emblem of the Anglican Communion, adopted in 1988, which centers a red St. George's cross within a compass rose, with radiating points signifying the global outreach of the church and spiritual direction across the world.^[55] Related to historical exploration, the compass rose features prominently in commemorative heraldry tied to Portuguese seafaring achievements. The 50-meter-diameter pavement compass rose in front of Lisbon's Monument to the Discoveries, constructed in 1960 of black and red lioz limestone, embeds a 14-meter armillary sphere at its core, tracing the maritime routes of 15th- and 16th-century explorers like Vasco da Gama and symbolizing Portugal's role in the Age of Discovery.^[56] This design evokes the navigational tools used by Portuguese navigators, blending heraldic symbolism with national pride in expansion and orientation. Modern coastal emblems, such as those in nautical-themed city seals, incorporate stylized compass roses to represent maritime heritage and guidance, as seen in various municipal arms along European shorelines.^[8] Architecturally, the compass rose motif adorns sacred and public spaces as a symbol of cosmic order and divine direction. In Amiens Cathedral, France—the largest church in the country—the north transept's rose window, known as the "Compass Rose," exemplifies Rayonnant Gothic style from the cathedral's construction phase (1220–1288), its radiant tracery diffusing light to evoke navigational paths and heavenly guidance.^[57] Similarly, the wind rose encircling the Egyptian obelisk in St. Peter's Square, Vatican City, added in 1852 under Pope Pius IX, labels 16 wind directions in Italian, serving as both a practical meteorological marker and a metaphorical emblem of universal orientation within the heart of Christendom.^[58] These inlaid designs in pavements and facades underscore the motif's role in monumental architecture, guiding viewers toward themes of journey and stability. In fine arts, the compass rose embodies metaphors of life's voyage, discovery, and moral direction, particularly during the Renaissance when cartographic illustrations merged scientific utility with artistic expression. Emerging on portolan charts around 1300, it symbolized humanity's mastery over the unknown, with ornate designs in gold and color reflecting the era's humanistic pursuit of knowledge and exploration.^[19] By the 19th century, Romantic artists invoked the compass rose to capture the spirit of adventure and the sublime allure of uncharted territories, using it in engravings and illustrations to evoke the exploratory zeal of voyages like those of James Cook, as seen in period nautical artworks that romanticized navigation's perils and triumphs.^[59] As of 2025, stylized compass roses continue as emblems in organizational logos, denoting global connectivity and purposeful direction. The adventure education network Outward Bound, founded in 1941 and operating worldwide, adopts a simple 16-point compass rose as its core logo, representing personal growth through experiential challenges and navigational metaphors for life's paths.^[60] This usage highlights the motif's enduring artistic appeal in contemporary design, linking historical symbolism to modern themes of exploration and unity.

Appearances in Popular Culture and Media

In literature, the compass rose serves as a recurring motif symbolizing guidance, orientation, and the complexities of choice. Ursula K. Le Guin's 1982 short story collection The Compass Rose uses the device to structure narratives exploring speculative worlds, where directions represent personal and societal pathways amid uncertainty and transformation.^[61] Similarly, Dan Brown's thriller The Da Vinci Code (2003) invokes the compass rose as a historical emblem of navigation and secrecy, linking it to ancient wind roses and the plot's quest for concealed truths, with the symbol denoting the thirty-two directional winds. In film and television, the compass rose enhances themes of adventure and mystery. The Pirates of the Caribbean franchise (2003–2017) prominently features Captain Jack Sparrow's enchanted compass, a prop with a detailed compass rose etched on its face, which points not to magnetic north but to the holder's deepest desire, driving the narrative of treasure hunts and piracy.^[62] The 2006 film adaptation of The Da Vinci Code extends the novel's symbolism, portraying the compass rose as a cartographic icon tied to hidden meridians and esoteric knowledge, underscoring motifs of disorientation and revelation in the protagonists' pursuit of ancient secrets. Video games frequently incorporate the compass rose into mechanics for exploration and immersion. The Assassin's Creed series (2007–present) integrates a compass interface for open-world navigation, including parkour sequences and historical settings, where the rose-like directional indicator aids player orientation across vast maps. In Sea of Thieves (2018), the Wild Rose cosmetic set includes a themed compass variant, central to sailing and treasure quests, evoking romanticized piracy while facilitating multiplayer voyages.^[63]

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Mercator's World Map - Mapping an Atlantic World - Rice University
The map is characterized both by rhumb lines emanating from central points, as well as a grid of meridians and parallels. The rhumb lines are straight ...
[33]
Compass Rose Definition | GIS Dictionary - Esri Support
On older maps and charts, a compass rose was a decorated diagram of cardinal points divided into 16 or 32 points.
[34]
SIDEREAL COMPASSES: A CASE FOR CAROLINIAN-ARAB LINKS
Varela found a 16-point compass rose in use near the end of the 18th cen tury, east being the principal direction (D. Lewis 1964:365). And David. Malo ...
[35]
The Etymology of the Star Altair in the Carolinian Sidereal Compass
Nov 23, 2015 · We argue that the Micronesian constellation centered on Altair, known in Lamotrek as Mailap, has been mistakenly identified in previous ...
[36]
[PDF] AD-A273 018 Notes on Antarctic Aviation - DTIC
field navigation remained a dubious procedure in. Polar grid navigation is used routinely for flights the absence of reliable weather charts. Nondirec- south ...<|separator|>
[37]
Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge » SPRI Museum news
This is a sun compass that was made and used on the British Antarctic Expedition of 1910-13 (Terra Nova). A sun (or solar) compass was a useful instrument for ...Missing: grid | Show results with:grid
[38]
First "True" Compass Guides Fliers to Target, January 1944 Popular ...
Hailed as the greatest advancement in its field in 4,500 years, the Gyro Flux Gate compass is guiding U. S. bombers to remote enemy targets and home again. The ...
[39]
Timeline of Sperry Gyrocompass
The test flight of these instruments on September 24, 1929 by Doolittle was the first recorded all blind flight in history. These two instruments ...
[40]
[PDF] How to read a wind rose | EPA
The wind rose located in the top right corner of each data map shows the general wind direction and speed for each sampling period.Missing: 8-16 points
[41]
What is a wind rose - MeteoSite
In meteorology, two coordinate axes and 16 points are used; for personal use, you can compose a wind rose in 8 points, each of which corresponds to the ...
[42]
Longitude found - the story of Harrison's Clocks
In order to solve the problem of Longitude, Harrison aimed to devise a portable clock which kept time to within three seconds a day. This would make it far more ...Missing: compass rose
[43]
John Harrison and the Longitude Problem | Naval History Magazine
Self-taught John Harrison spent 43 years overcoming engineering challenges to develop the first marine chronometer.Missing: rose | Show results with:rose
[44]
Mariner's compass | Royal Museums Greenwich
The compass, introduced in Europe in the late 12th century, enabled mariners to know their sailing direction. It has a soft iron needle and a 32-point card.
[45]
The Ship's Compass and its Binnacle - South Street Seaport Museum
May 13, 2021 · A binnacle is a stand or housing for a ship's compass, protecting it from elements and containing a gimbal, light, and shades.
[46]
The Ship's Compass – A History - Philip K Allan
Dec 13, 2021 · The compass bowl was fitted between gimbals to keep it flat, and the binnacle was lit by oil lamps at night. Now that it was such an important ...<|separator|>
[47]
Nautical compasses 1 - Compass Museum
The first apparatus was designed and built together with the German compass maker C. BAMBERG (see above) in the summer 1906. This compass type comprises two ...Missing: evolution | Show results with:evolution
[48]
[PDF] HANDBOOK OF MAGNETIC COMPASS ADJUSTMENT
This document has been prepared in order to present all pertinent information regarding the practical procedures of magnetic compass adjustment in one text.
[49]
Theory of Magnetic Compass Adjustment
Compass deviation is the difference between the vessel's compass heading (what the compass says) and the vessel's magnetic heading (what the compass should say) ...
[50]
Boxing the Compass
Boxing the compass was a necessary sea-going skill. Today, we use degrees instead of points.<|separator|>
[51]
Captain Cook's navigational instruments
Cook adapted this land surveying method to rapidly chart Pacific coastlines as a running survey from the deck of a moving ship.
[52]
[PDF] A Short Course on Nautical Charts and Basic Plotting For the ...
One of the most prominent features on every nautical chart is the compass rose (Figure 2.11). The compass rose provides the reference for determining the ...
[53]
History of Coast Survey - NOAA Nautical Charts
1845: U.S. Coast Survey begins systematic studies of the Gulf Stream. It is the first systematic oceanographic project for studying a specific phenomenon ...Missing: compass rose
[54]
[PDF] S-57 Appendix A - Chapter 2 - Attributes
for a compass rose radius of 68 millimetres. ... the >reference calendar year for magnetic variation= should be encoded using a 4 digit year-indication.
[55]
Magnetic Variation on Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC)
Jul 5, 2022 · Magnet variation (magvar) is crucial to marine navigation. It is the difference between true north and the direction of north read from a compass card.
[56]
Compass rose - Mistholme
Jan 3, 2025 · A compass rose is a symbol on a map which marks the cardinal points of direction. It consists of a multi-pointed mullet within an annulet.
[57]
Symbolism in the Episcopal Church - National Altar Guild Association
The Compass Rose, the emblem for the Anglican communion, centers on the cross of St. George, with the points of the compass radiating from it.
[58]
Compass Rose | Monument to the Discoveries
A compass rose adorns the square in front of the Monument to the Discoveries. Made of black and red lioz limestone, it has a 50 m diameter and contains a 14 ...
[59]
Explore Amiens Cathedral, France's largest church - French Moments
Jun 9, 2025 · ... Rose of Heaven”, is of a Flamboyant Gothic style; The rose window of the north transept arm, or “Compass Rose” is of a Rayonnant Gothic style.
[60]
The Wind Rose in St Peter's Square
The Wind Rose that surrounds the obelisk in St Peter's Square is a diagram that uses the compass points to show the different wind directions.
[61]
19th Century Compass Rose, Artwork by Science Photo Library
30-day returnsMay 11, 2013 · 20 Century compass rose, artwork. A compass rose is a figure on a compass, map, nautical chart, or monument that is used to display the ...
[62]
Compass rose - Wikipedia
A compass rose or compass star, sometimes called a wind rose or rose of the winds, is a polar diagram displaying the orientation of the cardinal directions.
[63]
The Compass Rose - Ursula K. Le Guin
Twenty astonishing stories from acclaimed author Ursula K. Le Guin carry us to worlds of wonder and horror, desire and destiny, enchantment and doom.
[64]
Jack Sparrow Compass - Walmart.com
In stock Free 90-day returnsAuthentic Design: This officially licensed Jack Sparrow Compass is an exclusive replica, faithfully mirroring the iconic accessory from the movie, making it an ...
[65]
Thriving Wild Rose set missing compass - Sea of Thieves
If anything, the Thriving Wild Rose set is the higher value version of the original set. It is simply missing the compass and it needs to be corrected just as ...
[66]
Geography and virtual reality - Bos - 2021 - Compass Hub
Aug 16, 2021 · This paper takes a critical perspective on the development of VR and its varied applications, and how emerging theoretical debates within cultural and digital ...
[67]
[PDF] Consuming Memes During the COVID Pandemic
Jan 29, 2021 · When Internet users viewed memes with captions focused on. COVID-19, they reported lower COVID-19-related stress levels than if they viewed ...