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Cook

James Cook (27 October 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British naval officer, explorer, navigator, and cartographer renowned for his three Pacific voyages that expanded European knowledge of the region's geography and maritime science.^[1]^[2] Born to a Scottish farm laborer in the village of Marton in Yorkshire, England, Cook advanced from a coal carrier and merchant sailor to Royal Navy lieutenant through self-taught surveying skills, notably mapping Newfoundland's coasts with unprecedented accuracy during the Seven Years' War.^[3]^[4] His first voyage (1768–1771) aboard HMS Endeavour observed the 1769 transit of Venus from Tahiti, circumnavigated New Zealand's main islands, and charted Australia's eastern seaboard, claiming it for Britain as New South Wales.^[5]^[6] The second (1772–1775) crossed the Antarctic Circle—first by any vessel—and penetrated southern waters to disprove the existence of a vast, habitable Terra Australis continent, while discovering numerous islands.^[2] On the third (1776–1779), he revisited Hawaii, where precise navigation and anti-scurvy measures like enforced sauerkraut consumption sustained his crews, but he was killed in a confrontation with islanders after attempting to seize a chieftain amid escalating tensions over stolen equipment.^[1]^[7] Cook's empirical charts, which remained in use for decades, and his causal insights into longitude determination and crew health via dietary lime juice precursors revolutionized exploration, though his expeditions facilitated British territorial claims and encounters often marked by cultural clashes and violence.^[4]^[7]

Cooking and food preparation

Definition and techniques

Cooking is the process of applying controlled heat to food to induce physicochemical changes, primarily through thermal energy transfer via conduction, convection, or radiation, resulting in alterations to structure, texture, and composition that distinguish cooked from raw states.^[8] These transformations include protein denaturation, where heat above 40–60°C disrupts hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, unfolding proteins into a more digestible form and firming tissues like meat or egg whites.^[9] Starch gelatinization occurs as granules absorb water and swell at 60–80°C, contributing to thickening in products like sauces or breads. The Maillard reaction, initiating around 140°C, involves amino acids reacting with reducing sugars to form melanoidins, yielding browned crusts and savory flavors without enzymatic involvement.^[10]^[11] Techniques are broadly classified as dry-heat methods—such as grilling, roasting, or broiling—which expose food directly to hot air or surfaces above 150°C to promote surface dehydration and Maillard effects, ideal for tenderizing via collagen breakdown in meats; moist-heat methods—like boiling (100°C water) or steaming—which use liquid or vapor for uniform heat penetration and hydrolysis of fibers, preserving juiciness in vegetables; and combination approaches, such as braising, that sear initially then simmer to tenderize connective tissues.^[12] Appliances including stovetops enable precise conduction on pans, while ovens facilitate convective dry heat up to 250°C. Safety relies on reaching thresholds that inactivate pathogens: for example, 74°C internal temperature for poultry eliminates Salmonella and Campylobacter, akin to pasteurization principles where 63°C for 30 minutes suffices for milk.^[13]^[14] This heat-centric process contrasts with non-thermal preparations like fermentation, which relies on microbial enzymes for breakdown without sustained temperatures above ambient, or simple raw consumption, lacking the irreversible molecular rearrangements verifiable through spectroscopy or microscopy in cooked versus uncooked samples. Empirical evidence of these distinctions traces to early controlled fire use, with direct indicators of heat-processed fish remains from Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel, dated to 780,000 years ago, predating widespread hearth structures.^[15]

Historical and evolutionary context

The habitual control of fire by early hominins, facilitating the cooking of food, emerged around 1 to 1.5 million years ago, as evidenced by burnt sediments, hearths, and tools at African and Eurasian sites such as Swartkrans Cave and Gesher Benot Ya'aqov.^[16] ^[17] This development underpinned the "cooking hypothesis," which posits that processing food via heat markedly boosted net energy extraction—experiments demonstrate that cooking increases caloric yield from meat and tubers by factors of up to 2-3 times compared to raw consumption, due to improved digestibility, reduced chewing time, and breakdown of tough fibers and anti-nutrients.^[18] ^[19] Such efficiency freed metabolic resources, enabling evolutionary shifts including larger brain volumes (from ~600 cm³ in early Homo to over 1,300 cm³ in modern humans) and smaller gut sizes, as articulated in the expensive tissue hypothesis linking encephalization to outsourced digestion via fire.^[20] Paleolithic populations, particularly from the Upper Paleolithic onward, relied heavily on cooked animal proteins, with stable isotope analyses (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of skeletal remains from European and Near Eastern sites revealing diets dominated by large herbivores like mammoth and reindeer, rather than plant-heavy regimens.^[21] ^[22] Cooking mitigated risks of pathogens in meat and enhanced bioavailability, providing causal advantages in caloric density and reproductive fitness that raw diets could not sustain, as modern raw-foodist studies show diminished body mass index and fertility without supplementation.^[23] These adaptations prioritized meat cooking's role in human physiological refinement, overriding interpretive biases favoring vegetal primacy unsupported by isotopic or experimental data. In the Neolithic transition around 10,000 BCE, coinciding with the onset of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent, innovations like ceramic pottery for stewing and boiling, alongside domed ovens (e.g., tabun types) from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (~7,500 cal BC), diversified cooking methods and scaled food preparation for settled communities.^[24] These technologies amplified pathogen control through sustained heating and enabled exploitation of domesticated grains and legumes, though core evolutionary gains from Paleolithic fire mastery persisted as foundational.^[25]

Professional roles and cultural significance

In professional kitchens, roles range from prep cooks, who handle initial food preparation tasks, to line cooks responsible for specific stations such as grilling or sautéing, sous chefs who oversee daily operations and assist in menu development, and executive chefs who manage the entire kitchen brigade, including staffing, budgeting, and creative direction.^[26]^[27] This hierarchy, often termed the brigade de cuisine, originates from structured systems emphasizing efficiency and specialization in high-volume settings.^[26] Certifications from organizations like the American Culinary Federation (ACF) validate expertise across 13 levels, such as Certified Culinarian for entry-level skills requiring culinary education and experience, or Certified Executive Chef demanding supervisory roles, nutrition knowledge, and continuing education hours over multiple years.^[28]^[29] The food service sector supports substantial employment, with over 12.35 million workers in U.S. restaurants and foodservice as of July 2024, exceeding pre-pandemic levels and reflecting resilience amid economic shifts.^[30] Median hourly wages for cooks in this industry hovered around $14.48 in 2024, varying by role and location, though frontline positions often involve irregular hours that can strain work-life balance.^[31] Culturally, cooking transcends profession into familial tradition, where frequent home-prepared family meals correlate with improved child nutritional outcomes, including lower body mass index and reduced risks of disordered eating or substance use, as evidenced by systematic reviews of international studies.^[32]^[33] These benefits arise from shared routines fostering dietary quality over reliance on processed or fast-food alternatives, countering trends toward industrialized convenience that prioritize speed over nutritional density.^[32] Advancements like molecular gastronomy, advanced by Ferran Adrià at elBulli from the late 1990s through techniques such as spherification introduced in 2003, exemplify professional innovation by applying scientific principles to texture and flavor deconstruction.^[34]^[35] Yet, kitchen environments face documented challenges, including unreported wage theft and extended shifts exceeding 12 hours, contributing to high turnover; balanced against this, immigrant-led ventures in ethnic cuisines thrive, with foreign-born individuals comprising 43% of U.S. restaurant chefs and owning 29% of related businesses, enabling scalable success from food trucks to chains.^[36]^[37]

Geographical locations

United States

Cook County, Illinois, established in 1831, is the state's most populous county and the second-most populous in the nation, with an estimated population of 5.19 million residents as of 2023 and a land area of approximately 945 square miles.^[38] It includes the city of Chicago, which drives its role as a primary economic hub for the Midwest, encompassing major industries such as finance, manufacturing, and transportation, alongside key administrative functions like the county's circuit court system handling over 2 million filings annually.^[39] The county's demographics reflect a diverse urban population, with a median household income of $81,797 in 2023 and a median age of 37.8 years.^[38] Cook County, Minnesota, situated in the Arrowhead region bordering Lake Superior, covers about 1,604 square miles and recorded a population of 5,600 in the 2020 census, marking it as one of the state's least populous counties.^[40] Its economy centers on tourism, fishing, and forestry, with Grand Marais serving as the county seat and hosting the Grand Portage Indian Reservation, which comprises roughly 40% of the county's land. The city of Cook in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, is a small incorporated community with a 2024 population estimate of 520 residents, down from 684 in 1990, reflecting trends in rural depopulation.^[41] Founded in the early 1900s amid logging booms, it functions as a gateway to recreational areas like Lake Vermilion, supporting local services and outdoor tourism with a median age of 58.2 years.^[41] ^[42] Additional minor locales named Cook exist as hamlets or villages in states including Nebraska (Cook village, population approximately 325 per recent estimates), Kansas, Florida, and Oklahoma, typically featuring populations below 100 and tied to agricultural or historical rural settlements without major administrative prominence.^[43]

Australia

Cook is a remote locality in South Australia on the Nullarbor Plain, established in 1917 as a siding on the Trans-Australian Railway during its construction from Port Augusta to Kalgoorlie.^[44] The town was named after Sir Joseph Cook, Australia's sixth Prime Minister who served from 1914 to 1917, reflecting the era's practice of honoring early federal leaders in railway infrastructure naming.^[45] Prior to European settlement, the Nullarbor region, including the area around Cook, was seasonally occupied by the Mirning people, Indigenous hunter-gatherers whose traditional practices centered on the coastal plain and Bunda Cliffs, with evidence of long-term cultural ties through oral histories and archaeological sites.^[46] The locality features an arid environment typical of the Nullarbor, with low rainfall averaging under 200 mm annually and vast limestone karst landscapes supporting sparse vegetation like saltbush and bluebush. Its economy historically revolved around railway operations, including maintenance and water supply for steam locomotives, employing hundreds during peak periods; today, it sustains a minimal population through rail freight support and tourism via the Indian Pacific passenger service. As of 2025, Cook maintains approximately four permanent residents, though the broader statistical area recorded 71 people in the 2021 census, underscoring its status as one of Australia's most isolated settlements. The site includes the world's longest straight railway stretch at 478 km, critical for east-west freight, with historical labor including Italian prisoners of war during World War II for track upkeep.^[47] Further west in Queensland, Mount Cook National Park, gazetted in 1970, encompasses the 431-meter granite peak named in 1819 by surveyor Lieutenant Phillip Parker King during coastal explorations. The park's rugged terrain, formed from ancient seabed rocks uplifted over 420 million years, lies adjacent to Cooktown and protects rainforest gullies amid tropical woodlands, with no significant population but serving ecological roles in biodiversity conservation.^[48]^[49]

Other regions

The Cook Islands, comprising 15 islands and atolls in the southern Pacific Ocean, derive their name from Captain James Cook, whom Russian navigators honored in 1823 after his 1773 sighting of several islands during his second voyage.^[50] This self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand has maintained internal autonomy since 1965, with New Zealand handling defense and foreign affairs.^[51] The resident population stands at approximately 13,900 as of 2024, reflecting significant emigration to New Zealand and Australia, while the broader affiliated population exceeds 80,000 abroad.^[52] The economy centers on tourism, which accounts for over 60% of GDP, supplemented by remittances, fishing, and exports like black pearls and tropical fruits.^[52] In Northern Ireland, Cookstown, a market town in County Tyrone established during the 17th-century Plantation of Ulster, was named for its proprietor Alan Cook, an English settler who leased local lands around 1620. The town, serving as a district center, had a population of 12,546 at the 2021 census. Unlike explorer-derived names, its origin ties to colonial land grants rather than maritime discovery. Canada features smaller locales such as Cookstown, Ontario, a community in Simcoe County with 1,647 residents per the 2021 census, situated near Lake Simcoe.^[53] Etymologies for such sites often stem from local settlers or families bearing the surname Cook, distinct from tributes to James Cook, though coastal features like Cook's Harbour in Newfoundland echo his 1760s surveys of the region.^[54] In the United Kingdom, minor hamlets named Cook exist in counties like Cumbria and Aberdeen, typically linked to occupational surnames denoting cooks rather than the explorer.^[55]

Surname and notable individuals

Etymology and distribution

The surname Cook originates as an occupational name denoting a person who prepared or sold cooked food, derived from the Old English term coc, itself from the Latin coquus meaning "cook."^[56]^[57] This etymology reflects its roots in Anglo-Saxon England, where such descriptors became hereditary surnames by the 12th century.^[58] Early records attest to its use predating the Norman Conquest, with Aelfsige Coc documented around 950 in Essex, followed by Galter Coc in the Domesday Book of 1086, also in Essex, amid the survey's enumeration of landholders and laborers.^[59]^[58] The name's persistence post-1066 aligns with the stabilization of English surnames during the medieval period, though some variants trace to Old French influences like queu among Norman settlers, indicating potential bilingual adoption in cooking trades.^[60] Common variants include Cooke, often featuring an added 'e' for phonetic or orthographic distinction in Middle English records, and Cooks, a pluralized form implying multiple family members in the occupation.^[61]^[62] These spellings appear interchangeably in historical manuscripts from the 13th century onward, with Cooke particularly prevalent in southern England.^[63] Distributionally, Cook ranks among the most frequent surnames in English-speaking nations, reflecting migration patterns from Britain to colonies and settler societies. In the United States, it was borne by 302,589 individuals in the 2010 census, comprising approximately 0.1% of the population and placing it as the 60th most common surname.^[64]^[65] Globally, Forebears data from 2014 estimates over 500,000 bearers, with highest incidence in the United States (186,000), England (49,000), Australia (25,000), Canada (20,000), and South Africa (10,000), underscoring its concentration in Anglophone regions.^[66] In England, it holds the 53rd position in commonality, tied to historical rural and urban labor distributions.^[65]

Historical figures

James Cook (27 October 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British naval captain and cartographer whose expeditions advanced geographical knowledge of the Pacific Ocean through precise surveying and navigation.^[67] During his first voyage (1768–1771) aboard HMS Endeavour, Cook charted the complete coastline of New Zealand, confirming it as two main islands rather than a continent, and mapped over 2,400 miles of Australia's eastern seaboard, including the Great Barrier Reef, with accuracies that remained standard for navigation into the 20th century.^[4] He employed John Harrison's marine chronometer for longitude calculations, enabling unprecedented precision, and implemented dietary measures like sauerkraut and fresh provisions to combat scurvy, reducing mortality rates to under 2% across his crews compared to over 50% on prior long voyages.^[68] His second expedition (1772–1775) on HMS Resolution and Adventure disproved the existence of a vast southern continent (Terra Australis) by circumnavigating Antarctica's fringes, while the third (1776–1779) explored the Bering Strait in search of a Northwest Passage and made first European contact with Hawaii, where Cook was killed in a skirmish over a stolen boat on 14 February 1779.^[67] Empirical records from his journals and charts demonstrate navigational innovations that facilitated subsequent trade and exploration, though contemporary and modern critiques highlight disruptive effects on indigenous populations, including disease transmission and territorial claims; these impacts, while real, stemmed from broader imperial dynamics rather than unique intent, as evidenced by Cook's orders emphasizing scientific observation over conquest.^[68]^[69] Thomas Cook (22 November 1808 – 18 July 1892) was an English innovator in organized travel who established the world's first commercial tourism business.^[70] Born in Melbourne, Derbyshire, to a Baptist family, he organized his inaugural group excursion on 5 July 1841, transporting 500 temperance supporters by rail from Leicester to Loughborough—a 12-mile round trip—for a teetotal rally, charging one shilling per person and negotiating reduced fares with the railway company.) Expanding from this, he founded Thomas Cook & Son in 1865 after arranging larger tours, including the first guided package holiday to Paris in 1855 and a 22-day round-the-world tour in 1872 for affluent clients via steamship and rail, covering 29,000 miles.^[70] By the 1880s, his firm operated over 100 offices and issued traveler's cheques in 1874 to safeguard against theft, innovations that democratized leisure travel for the British middle class amid industrial-era rail expansion; while enabling mass mobility, this commercialization drew limited contemporary criticism for commodifying culture, though primary accounts emphasize logistical efficiencies over exploitative motives.)

Contemporary figures

Tim Cook (born November 1, 1960) has served as chief executive officer of Apple Inc. since August 2011, succeeding Steve Jobs. Under his leadership, Apple's market capitalization grew from approximately $350 billion to over $3 trillion by 2025, driven by expansions in services such as Apple Pay, Apple Music, and the App Store, which contributed to revenue nearly quadrupling since 2011.^[71]^[72] Cook implemented operational efficiencies, including streamlining the supply chain to reduce inventory turnover from months to days, enhancing profitability amid high-demand product launches.^[73] However, critics have questioned his emphasis on scaling existing products over groundbreaking innovation, citing Apple's perceived lag in artificial intelligence integration as of 2025, despite strong financial performance.^[74]^[75] Dane Cook (born March 18, 1972) is an American stand-up comedian and actor who began performing in the early 1990s, initially in Boston comedy clubs before gaining national prominence. His 2005 album Retaliation achieved double platinum status, marking the highest-charting comedy release in 27 years and establishing him as a top-selling comedian.^[76] Cook transitioned to film with roles in Mystery Men (1999) and leading parts in Employee of the Month (2006) and Good Luck Chuck (2007), leveraging his observational and often vulgar style to build a broad audience.^[77] Despite a 2008 controversy involving allegations of joke theft by his cousin, which impacted public perception, Cook has sustained a career through live tours and recent projects like the 2024 film Guys Night.^[78] Carl Cook (born 1962) became chief executive officer of Cook Group Inc., a medical device manufacturer, in 2011 following his father William Cook's death, overseeing annual sales exceeding $2.6 billion as of recent reports. The company, specializing in products like heart stents and vascular catheters, has maintained family control under his direction, emphasizing innovation in minimally invasive procedures.^[79] Cook's leadership has sustained the firm's position as a private enterprise focused on research and development, with expansions in global markets contributing to steady growth.^[79]

Businesses and organizations

Healthcare and manufacturing firms

Cook Group Incorporated, headquartered in Bloomington, Indiana, is a privately held, family-owned conglomerate founded in 1963 by William (Bill) Cook, initially focusing on the manufacture of medical devices such as wire guides, needles, and catheters to support minimally invasive procedures.^[80] The company's healthcare division, Cook Medical, has expanded to produce a wide array of interventional devices, including vascular stents, embolization products, and biopsy tools, emphasizing innovations that enable precise, less invasive treatments for conditions like peripheral artery disease and venous insufficiency.^[81] Cook Incorporated, a key subsidiary, holds 1,508 patents globally, with 631 granted and approximately 19% remaining active, reflecting substantial investment in proprietary technologies for device design and delivery systems.^[82] Cook Medical's Zilver PTX drug-eluting peripheral stent, for instance, has demonstrated sustained arterial patency, with real-world data indicating lower in-stent occlusion rates at three years compared to alternatives like bare metal stents or certain drug-coated balloons, achieving patency in about 49.1% of cases versus lower rates in standard angioplasty cohorts.^[83]^[84] Similarly, the Zilver Vena venous self-expanding stent has shown high three-year patency rates across diverse patient groups, supporting freedom from reintervention in venous disease management.^[85] These outcomes stem from clinical trials and post-market surveillance emphasizing durable vessel openness, though long-term data varies by patient comorbidities and procedural factors.^[86] Despite these advancements, Cook Group has faced legal challenges, including patent infringement lawsuits such as Stone Basket Innovations, LLC v. Cook Medical LLC (2018), involving devices for stone removal, highlighting ongoing disputes over intellectual property in the competitive medical device sector.^[87] Product liability claims have also arisen, though empirical evidence on widespread adverse patient outcomes remains limited to case-specific reports rather than systemic failures. The company maintains a global footprint, exporting devices to healthcare systems worldwide and investing in international R&D facilities to adapt products for regional needs, with early expansions driven by founder-led initiatives into European and Asian markets.^[88] Cook's manufacturing operations in Bloomington and affiliated sites prioritize sterile production for high-volume medical outputs, contributing to its role among the largest U.S.-based device firms without disclosing precise annual revenues due to private status.^[89]

Food and other industries

COOK is a British manufacturer and retailer of frozen ready meals, founded in 1997 by Edward Perry and Dale Penfold, who began operations from a single shop in Farnham, Surrey, aiming to produce high-quality prepared foods using fresh ingredients akin to home cooking.^[90] The company, headquartered in Sittingbourne, Kent, expanded to over 170 stores by 2025 while maintaining family ownership and a focus on ready-to-cook meals like pies, curries, and desserts, emphasizing minimal processing and charitable donations of unsold food.^[91] In 2022, sibling owners reported annual revenues exceeding £85 million (approximately $111 million USD), reflecting adaptation to demand for convenient, premium frozen options amid rising consumer preferences for quality over ultra-processed alternatives.^[92] In the United States, Koch Foods—pronounced similarly to "Cook"—operates as a vertically integrated poultry processor, producing chicken products for retail and foodservice, with facilities across multiple states and annual processing capacity exceeding 1 billion pounds as of recent reports.^[93] However, direct surname-linked food firms remain limited, with regional examples like smaller Cook-branded processors focusing on niche markets such as custom meat preparations, though lacking national scale comparable to UK counterparts.^[94] These operations highlight scalability challenges in food production, where frozen meal firms like COOK balance quality sourcing against cost pressures from supply chain volatility, evidenced by post-2020 inflation-driven price adjustments in the sector.^[91] Beyond food, Cook & Boardman Group, established in the mid-20th century and now a national distributor, supplies commercial doors, frames, hardware, and electronic access control systems to sectors including construction, education, and hospitality, operating over 90 locations with a workforce surpassing 1,500 employees.^[95] The firm evolved from regional hardware distribution to integrated security solutions, serving large-scale projects and emphasizing product reliability over commoditized alternatives, with growth tied to commercial building booms.^[96] In construction, entities like Cook & Krupa function as general contractors in the New York metropolitan area, specializing in retail and commercial builds since their founding, delivering projects from tenant fit-outs to full renovations while navigating regulatory hurdles in urban development.^[97] Similarly, Cook Builders targets retail construction, handling storefront renovations and new builds, underscoring the sector's reliance on specialized firms for efficient, code-compliant execution amid fluctuating material costs.^[98] These non-food Cook enterprises demonstrate resilience in cyclical industries, prioritizing technical expertise and client-specific adaptations over broad diversification.^[99]

Arts, media, and entertainment

Film and television

Cook Off! (2007) is an American mockumentary comedy film directed by Cathryn Michon and Guy Shalem, depicting amateur chefs from across the country vying for a $1 million prize in a fictional national cooking competition. The production featured early-career roles for actors including Melissa McCarthy, Raquel Alessi, and Diedrich Bader, employing a satirical style akin to Christopher Guest's ensemble comedies but on a limited independent budget. It premiered at film festivals before a limited theatrical release and holds an IMDb user rating of 4.4 out of 10 from 1,580 votes, with critics noting its uneven humor and lack of polish despite the premise's potential for food-related satire.^[100] In 2017, the Zimbabwean romantic comedy Cook Off, directed by Rumbi Katedza, portrayed a determined housewife entering a national television cooking contest amid personal and societal challenges, becoming the first Zimbabwean feature film distributed on Netflix. Shot with minimal resources—including improvised sets without running water—the film emphasized local customs and female empowerment through competition, achieving an IMDb rating of 6.0 out of 10 based on 507 user reviews and gaining international attention for its cultural authenticity over high production values.^[101]^[102] The Australian cooking series The Cook and the Chef ran for three seasons from 2006 to 2009 on ABC Television, with home cook Maggie Beer and chef Simon Bryant demonstrating recipes using seasonal produce, offering practical advice on ingredient selection, preparation, and presentation for home audiences. Each episode covered themed meals like summer lunches or orchard-inspired dishes, earning praise for its approachable style and an IMDb rating of 8.1 out of 10 from 77 votes.^[103] The Cook of Castamar (2021) is a Spanish historical drama series on Netflix, adapted from a novel and spanning 12 episodes set in 1720 Madrid, where a widowed duke employs a talented cook whose skills lead to romantic and political entanglements within aristocratic circles. The production highlighted period cuisine alongside class tensions, receiving mixed reviews for its lavish visuals but formulaic plotting.^[104] Peter Greenaway's 1989 British-French film The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover centers on a gangster's domineering presence in an opulent restaurant, intertwining gourmet dining with themes of betrayal and violence through stylized sequences featuring actors like Michael Gambon and Helen Mirren. Shot with deliberate color-coded sets and operatic pacing, it provoked debate over its explicit content upon release, attaining an IMDb rating of 7.5 out of 10 from over 44,000 users for its artistic ambition despite polarizing audiences.

Literature and music

In Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387–1400), "The Cook's Tale" is an incomplete fragment of 58 lines told by the pilgrim Roger of Ware, a London cook skilled in roasting, boiling, broiling, and frying. The narrative centers on Perkin, a dissolute apprentice goldsmith dismissed for neglecting work in favor of revelry, who then lodges with a similarly profligate friend whose wife resorts to prostitution for sustenance, at which point the tale abruptly ends.^[105] Harry Kressing's novel The Cook, published in 1965, depicts Konrad, a towering master chef who infiltrates and ultimately controls the staff and operations of a high-end hotel through psychological manipulation and culinary dominance, blending elements of thriller and satire.^[106] Maylis de Kerangal's The Cook (English translation 2019; original French Un chemin de tables, 2016) traces the nomadic career of Mauro, a self-taught young chef progressing from amateur experiments to professional mastery across global kitchens in cities like Tokyo, Dakar, and Paris, narrated by an unnamed female observer who chronicles his sensory immersion in diverse cuisines.^[107] In music, Wings' "Cook of the House," written by Paul and Linda McCartney and released on the 1976 album Wings at the Speed of Sound, playfully celebrates domestic cooking with lyrics crediting Linda as the household chef amid band camaraderie; the track served as the B-side to the chart-topping single "Silly Love Songs" (UK No. 2, US No. 1).^[108] GloRilla's "Let Her Cook," from her debut album Glorious released October 11, 2024, employs the slang phrase meaning to perform exceptionally without interference, achieving RIAA Gold certification for 500,000 units by October 10, 2025, and featuring a live performance at the 2025 BET Awards.^[109]^[110]

Other uses

Idioms, slang, and expressions

The idiom "cook the books" refers to the deliberate falsification or manipulation of financial records, often to deceive auditors, investors, or regulators.^[111] Its metaphorical sense draws from "cooking" as altering raw ingredients into something transformed, akin to tampering with data; the verb "cook" in the sense of falsifying dates to the 17th century in English slang, though the full phrase gained prominence in the 20th century amid accounting scandals.^[112] Usage surged in the late 20th century, correlating with high-profile corporate fraud cases like Enron in 2001, reflecting broader awareness of creative accounting practices.^[111] The proverb "too many cooks spoil the broth" warns that excessive collaboration or interference by multiple parties can degrade the quality of a shared outcome, originating in 16th-century England as a commentary on kitchen dynamics where overcrowding leads to errors.^[113] First attested in print around 1575, it embodies a principle of division of labor, with empirical support from studies on group productivity showing diminished efficiency beyond optimal team sizes of 4-6 members in creative tasks.^[114] The expression persists in management contexts to critique overstaffing or meddling in projects.^[113] In contemporary slang, particularly among Generation Z and on platforms like TikTok and Twitter since the early 2020s, "let him cook" (or variants like "let her cook") encourages allowing an individual to continue an impressive or promising performance without interruption, implying they are "heating up" or excelling.^[115] Coined around 2010 by rapper Lil B in hip-hop contexts to denote unrestrained creativity, it spread via memes and sports commentary, with viral adoption during events like the 2024 NCAA basketball tournament.^[116] Conversely, "cooked" denotes being utterly defeated, exhausted, or doomed, as in a failed endeavor leaving one "done" like overprepared food; this usage traces to 1970s urban slang for intoxication or ruin, evolving into broader Gen Z application for personal setbacks.^[117] Both terms reflect linguistic shifts from literal heat metaphors to abstract success/failure dynamics, amplified by social media virality rather than formal corpora spikes.^[116]

Scientific and technical terms

The Johnson–Cook constitutive model is a phenomenological equation employed in computational mechanics to predict the dynamic stress-strain response of metals and alloys under conditions of high strain rates, large deformations, and elevated temperatures, such as those encountered in ballistic penetration, explosive forming, and high-speed machining.^[118] Developed in 1985 by researchers G.R. Johnson and W.H. Cook at the Air Force Armament Laboratory, the model integrates strain hardening via a power-law term, strain-rate sensitivity through a logarithmic function, and thermal softening to account for adiabatic heating effects, expressed as \sigma = (A + B \epsilon^n) (1 + C \ln \dot{\epsilon}^*) (1 - T^{*m}), where A, B, n, C, and m are material-specific constants calibrated from split-Hopkinson bar tests and other dynamic experiments, \epsilon is equivalent plastic strain, \dot{\epsilon}^* is dimensionless strain rate, and T^* is homologous temperature.^[119] This formulation enables finite element simulations to capture failure modes like ductile fracture when coupled with damage accumulation criteria, though it assumes isotropic behavior and may underpredict anisotropy in textured materials without modifications.^[118] In cosmology and astronomy education, a "Cook's tour" denotes a rapid, panoramic overview of complex phenomena, such as the large-scale structure of the universe or galactic distributions, facilitating introductory comprehension without exhaustive detail.^[120] This usage derives from the expeditious guided excursions popularized by Thomas Cook & Son in the 19th century but has been adapted in scientific pedagogy for efficient traversal of datasets from telescopes like Hubble or surveys like Sloan Digital Sky Survey, emphasizing causal hierarchies from cosmic microwave background anisotropies to galaxy clustering rather than isolated observations.^[120] Unlike literal thermal processes, it metaphorically prioritizes breadth over depth to reveal empirical patterns, such as expansion evidence from redshift surveys, while acknowledging limitations in resolving fine-scale causal dynamics like dark matter influences. In polymer processing, "cooking" refers to controlled heat application during synthesis or modification, inducing chain reactions like cross-linking in thermosets or degradation in thermoplastics, distinct from culinary heating by its focus on molecular rearrangements for enhanced mechanical properties.^[121] For instance, in frying or seasoning applications, vegetable oils undergo thermal polymerization above smoke points (e.g., 175–200°C for soybean oil), forming ester-linked networks that improve surface adhesion and reduce friction, as verified by spectroscopic analysis of oxidized products.^[121] This causal process contrasts metaphorical uses by relying on verifiable kinetics—activation energies around 100–150 kJ/mol for radical initiation—yielding quantifiable viscosity increases, though excessive exposure leads to volatile off-gassing and brittleness, limiting practical durations to minutes in industrial protocols.^[122]

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James Cook led the first expedition of sailors known to cross the Antarctic Circle and disproved the existence of the legendary "Southern Continent".
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James Cook's first Pacific voyage (1768-1771) was aboard the Endeavour and began on 27 May 1768. Cook's voyage had three aims; to establish an observatory at ...James Cook · Cook's maps · The Endeavour voyage · Who was on the ship?
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An Introduction to the Maillard Reaction: The Science of Browning ...
The Maillard reaction is responsible for the browned, complex flavors that make bread taste toasty and malty, burgers taste charred, and coffee taste dark and ...
[11]
https://www.webstaurantstore.com/blog/3514/what-is-the-maillard-reaction.html
[12]
Moist Heat and Dry Heat Cooking Methods - The Spruce Eats
Dec 17, 2022 · Dry heat cooking, such as roasting, broiling, or sautéeing. · Moist heat cooking, such as braising, steaming, or poaching.
[13]
Cook to a Safe Minimum Internal Temperature | FoodSafety.gov
Nov 21, 2024 · Use a thermometer to cook to safe minimums: 145°F (63°C) for beef, 160°F (71°C) for ground meat, 165°F (74°C) for poultry, and 145°F (63°C) for ...
[14]
Cooking and Pasteurizing for Safer Foods - FoodHandler
Milk can be pasteurized by heating to 145 degrees F (62.8 degrees C) for half an hour or 161 degrees F (72 degrees C) for 15 seconds.
[15]
Oldest evidence of the controlled use of fire to cook food ...
Nov 15, 2022 · The remains of a huge carp fish mark the earliest signs of cooking by prehistoric human to 780,000 years ago, predating the available data by ...
[16]
Organic geochemical evidence of human-controlled fires at ... - Nature
May 18, 2023 · The oldest evidence that relates hominins with fires was discovered in Africa with an estimated age of 1.5 Ma in the Swartkrans cave (Fig. 1), ...
[17]
On the earliest evidence for habitual use of fire in Europe - PNAS
The timing of the human control of fire is a hotly debated issue, with claims for regular fire use by early hominins in Africa at ∼1.6 million y ago.
[18]
Why cooking counts - Harvard Gazette
Nov 7, 2011 · Harvard researchers have shown that cooked meat provides more energy than raw meat, a finding that challenges the current food labeling system.
[19]
Energetic consequences of thermal and nonthermal food processing
The positive energetic effects of cooking were found to be superior to the effects of pounding in both meat and starch-rich tubers, a conclusion further ...
[20]
Genetic Evidence of Human Adaptation to a Cooked Diet - PMC
The hypothesis that cooked food is obligatory for modern humans predicts genetic signals of human adaptation to a cooked diet. Indirect evidence of such ...
[21]
Stable isotope evidence for increasing dietary breadth in the ... - PNAS
The stable isotope analysis of early modern human skeletal remains documents a significant shift in faunal exploitation patterns by the mid-Upper Paleolithic ...
[22]
Stable Isotope Evidence for European Upper Paleolithic Human Diets
The isotope data were measured to determine the sources of dietary protein in Upper Paleolithic diets; the evidence indicates that animal, not plant ...<|separator|>
[23]
Control of Fire in the Paleolithic : Evaluating the Cooking Hypothesis
Archaeological evidence of fire use is scarce before ca. 400 ka, which suggests to some that the commitment to fire must have arisen in the mid-Pleistocene or ...
[24]
The Archaeology of Neolithic Cooking Traditions: Archaeobotanical ...
Evidence of domed ovens (called tabun or firin) can be found in the archaeological record from the end of the Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (ca. 7500 cal. BC) ...Missing: advancements | Show results with:advancements
[25]
https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/opar-2020-0198/html
[26]
https://www.webstaurantstore.com/article/359/types-of-chefs.html
[27]
Kitchen Hierarchy Explained | The Brigade de Cuisine
Jun 3, 2025 · What is the Kitchen Hierarchy? · Executive Chef (Chef Exécutif) · Chef de Cuisine (Head Chef) · Sous Chef (Deputy Chef) · Chef de Partie (Station ...
[28]
Certification - American Culinary Federation
The ACF Certification program offers 13 certification levels to make the chef a more valuable candidate for hiring and promotion.Certified Executive Chef · Certified Sous Chef® (CSC · Certified Culinarian® (CC®)
[29]
[PDF] ACF Certification Requirements - American Culinary Federation
*Must have two years experience supervising a shift or food station. CCC® - Certified Chef de. Cuisine®. High School Diploma or GED plus 100 CEH. Nutrition.
[30]
U.S. Restaurant and Foodservice Industry Statistics and Trends for ...
Oct 25, 2024 · 12.35 million were employed in the restaurant and food service industry as of July 2024—higher than the pre-pandemic peak of 12.29 million in ...
[31]
Food Services and Drinking Places: NAICS 722
Wages, 2024. Hourly, Annual. Median, Mean, Median, Mean. Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food. 14.48, 14.89, 30,110, 30,980. Cooks ...
[32]
Systematic review of the effects of family meal frequency on ... - NIH
Overall, results show that frequent family meals are inversely associated with disordered eating, alcohol and substance use, violent behaviour, and feelings of ...
[33]
Quality matters: A meta-analysis on components of healthy family ...
Sep 26, 2019 · Objective: A greater frequency of family meals is associated with better diet quality and lower body mass index (BMI) in children.<|separator|>
[34]
A Brief History of Molecular Gastronomy - Mental Floss
Mar 13, 2023 · The most iconic dish Spanish chef Ferran Adrià made at his restaurant El Bulli in Catalonia was deceptively simple: a morsel resembling a ...
[35]
http://www.molecularrecipes.com/spherification-class/el-bulli-spherification-history/
[36]
[PDF] Wage theft in professional kitchens: Conned or complicit?
Most frequently reported in these data was that chefs and trainee chefs were not paid for all the hours that they worked. The following quotes reflect this, ...
[37]
Immigrants, global cuisine and restaurants
43% of restaurant chefs are foreign-born. So are 25% restaurant managers, and 29% of businesses in the combined restaurant/hotel sector are immigrant-owned.
[38]
Cook County, IL - Data USA
In 2023, Cook County, IL had a population of 5.19M people with a median age of 37.8 and a median household income of $81797. Between 2022 and 2023 the ...
[39]
About Cook County
With a population of approximately 5.2 million people, it is the second most populous county in the nation and the 19th largest government in the United States ...
[40]
Resident Population in Cook County, MN (MNCOOK1POP) - FRED
Data for "Resident Population" are estimates as of July 1. Data for 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 are annual census. Population estimates are updated annually ...
[41]
Cook - Data Commons
Cook is a city in Minnesota, the United States of America. The population in Cook was 520 in 2024. The median age in Cook was 58.2 in 2023.
[42]
CookMN: Home
The Rich History of Cook, Minnesota ... The history of Cook, Minnesota, shapes the town's towns today. Over the years, the city has experienced remarkable growth.Missing: population | Show results with:population
[43]
How many cities are called Cook in America? - Geotargit
There are 10 places named Cook in America. ... All places in the world called "Cook". Location Cook: Florida · Indiana · Kansas · Minnesota · Nebraska ...
[44]
House of Assembly - Thursday, August 10 2017 - Hansard Daily
In 1912, the Commonwealth Railways were established to oversee the planning and implementation of the Trans-Australian Railway. On 14 September 1912, Governor- ...
[45]
Not quite a ghost town: The Australian destination with just four ...
Oct 14, 2025 · Cook – named after former Australian prime minister Joseph Cook – is 1138 kilometres from Adelaide and 1523 kilometres from Perth, situated ...
[46]
The Nullarbor's rich cultural history, vast cave systems and unique ...
Oct 9, 2023 · The Nullarbor Plain is the land of the Mirning people. Their Dreaming, associated with the Great Australian Bight, recalls oral histories of ...
[47]
POWs on the Trans-Australian Railway | naa.gov.au
Sep 23, 2024 · In April 1942, a group of 300 Italian prisoners of war were assigned to work in 6 railway camps along the Trans Australian Railway.
[48]
[PDF] Mount Cook NP Management Statement 2013 - Parks and forests
Mount Cook National Park was gazetted in December 1970 to protect significant natural, cultural and scenic values. A historical landmark in northern Australia, ...
[49]
Nature, culture and history | Mount Cook National Park
Apr 15, 2020 · Most scientists believe the rocks around Cooktown originated on the sea floor about 420 million years ago but were eventually lifted above ...
[50]
Our History and People | Cook Islands
Captain James Cook ... Originally named the Hervey Isles after a British lord, the Russians named them the Cook Islands in honour of the famous captain in 1823.
[51]
Cook Islands country profile - BBC News
Aug 23, 2023 · The Cook Islands is a self-governing island country in free association with New Zealand. Wellington provides it with aid and assistance and islanders have New ...Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
[52]
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cook-islands/
[53]
Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table
Cookstown's 2021 population was 1,647, with a 35.7% increase from 2016. The population density is 1,440.6 per square kilometer.<|separator|>
[54]
Cook's Landing Site at St Albans, Newfoundland, Canada
Formerly named Ship Cove by James Cook in 1765, the settlement was later named St Albans and is now a thriving town.Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology<|control11|><|separator|>
[55]
How many places are named Cook? - Geotargit
There are 10 places named Cook in America. There is one place named Cook in New Zealand. There is one place named Cook in Australia. Cities named ...
[56]
Cook Surname Meaning & Cook Family History at Ancestry.com®
English: occupational name for a cook, a seller of cooked meats, or a keeper of an eating house from Middle English cok, coke, cook, couk, cuk(e) (Old English ...
[57]
Cook Name Meaning and Cook Family History at FamilySearch
English: occupational name for a cook, a seller of cooked meats, or a keeper of an eating house, from Middle English cok, coke, cook, couk, cuk ...
[58]
Cook Surname: Meaning, Origin & Family History - SurnameDB
The derivation is from the Olde English pre 7th Century "coc ... It also has the distinction of being recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, when one Galter Coc ...
[59]
Cook History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms - HouseOfNames
The surname Cook was first found in Essex where the first found record the name was Aelfsige Coc (c.950) who is recorded in an early reference of Anglo-Saxon ...Cook History · Etymology · Early Origins · Early History
[60]
Last name COOK: origin and meaning - Geneanet
Etymology. Cook : 1: English: occupational name for a cook a seller of cooked meats or a keeper of an eating house from Middle English cok coke cook couk ...
[61]
Cooks Name Meaning, Family History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
The surname Cooks is derived from the Old English word coc, which means cook. ... Galter Coc was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 in Essex and almost ...
[62]
Cook Surname Origin, Meaning & Family Tree | Findmypast.co.uk
... cooked meat, or ran an inn or eating-house. Alternative variations of the name Cook. Cook, Cooke, Couk, Cock, Coocke. Share this discovery. Start your family ...Missing: variants | Show results with:variants
[63]
Cook Family History - Cook Foundation
Sep 25, 2014 · The surname COOK is derived from the Old English word coc, which means cook. Researchers found the first record of the name COOK in Essex where ...<|separator|>
[64]
Cook last name popularity, history, and meaning
Cook is the 65th most popular name in America based on the data we have collected from the U.S. Census Bureau. The Cook surname appeared 302,589 times in the ...
[65]
Meaning and Origin for the Surname "Cook" - ThoughtCo
Apr 4, 2019 · The surname derives from the Old English coc, and Latin cocus, meaning "cook." The Cook surname could also be an Anglicized version of a surname ...Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
[66]
Cook Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
Cook is an occupational surname from the Old English word 'coc'. Originally a cook might have been anything from a cook as we know it to a cooked-meat ...
[67]
https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Cook
[68]
Captain Cook's Journal During the First Voyage Round the World
COOK'S JOURNAL dealt with matters from the point of view of the seaman, the explorer, and the head of the expedition, responsible for life, and for its general ...
[69]
James Cook (1728-1779) | Co-Curate
Cook is best known for his three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, which involved the first recorded European contact with Australia and Hawaii, and the first ...
[70]
Thomas Cook | Travel Entrepreneur, Tour Operator & Innovator
Thomas Cook (born November 22, 1808, Melbourne, Derbyshire, England—died July 18, 1892, Leicester, Leicestershire) was an English innovator of the conducted ...
[71]
Why writing off Apple's Tim Cook could be a classic CEO succession ...
Jul 21, 2025 · Since taking over in 2011, Cook has transformed Apple's market cap from $350 billion to over $3 trillion, expanding its dominance well beyond ...<|separator|>
[72]
Apple's Tim Cook era: 14 years of prolific products, profits, and politics
Aug 27, 2025 · The Apple of 2025 is quite different from the company Cook took control of back in 2011. Today's Apple generates nearly four times the revenue ...
[73]
Tim Cook | CEO, History, Accomplishments - AppleInsider
Tim Cook is the current CEO of Apple and the architect behind them becoming the first $1T company in America. Read more about him here.
[74]
How Tim Cook Built a $3.7T Empire Without Innovation | by Truthbit Ai
Oct 17, 2025 · Tim Cook built Apple to $3.7T but missed AI revolution. At 65, can his successor fix innovation crisis before dominance fades?
[75]
Tim Cook was hand-picked to lead Apple. Some say it's time for him ...
Jul 15, 2025 · They called for the replacement of Tim Cook, the CEO who directly succeeded Steve Jobs in 2011 and helped catapult the company to its $3 trillion valuation.
[76]
Dane Cook | Keynote Speaker | AAE Speakers Bureau
Mar 19, 2025 · The album, which has hit double platinum, marked him as the highest charting comedian in 27 years, earning him a place alongside best-selling ...
[77]
Dane Cook Facts for Kids
Oct 17, 2025 · Cook started his film career with small parts in movies like Mystery Men (1999). His first leading role was in the 2006 comedy Employee of the ...
[78]
What Has Boston-Bred Comedian Dane Cook Been Up To Lately?
Aug 20, 2024 · The Boston-bred comedian talks Kowloon brawl jokes, TikTok laughs, and what he's been working on lately, including the new movie Guys Night.<|separator|>
[79]
Carl Cook - Forbes
Carl Cook took over as CEO of his parents' medical device manufacturer, Cook Group, when his father Bill died in 2011. The $2.6 billion (sales) company sold ...
[80]
Cook Medical — The Big 100 largest medical device companies
Founded in 1963 in Bloomington, Indiana, Cook Medical's first products were wire guides, needles and catheters.<|separator|>
[81]
About - Cook Medical
Cook was founded on inventing products that give healthcare professionals the tools they need to get their patients back to living.Missing: establishment revenue patents
[82]
Cook Incorporated Patents - Insights & Stats
Cook Incorporated has 1508 patents globally, out of which 631 have been granted. Of these 1508 patents, more than 19% patents are active.
[83]
Cook's Zilver PTX Trial Shows Sustained Patency After Three Years
This compares to 49.1 percent patency for patients with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and provisional bare metal stent placement in the 479-patient ...
[84]
Real-world data shows Cook's Zilver PTX leads to lower rates of in ...
Cook Medical's Zilver PTX drug-eluting stent (DES) has lower rates of in-stent occlusions among patients with restenosis at three years than ...Missing: catheters | Show results with:catheters
[85]
Zilver Vena stent shows three-year patency across patient groups
Oct 29, 2024 · Cook Medical's Zilver Vena venous self-expanding stent has shown high rates of patency sustained for three years, according to recently published data.
[86]
Real-world data shows Cook's Zilver PTX leads to lower rates of in ...
Cook Medical's Zilver PTX drug-eluting stent (DES) has lower rates of in-stent occlusions among patients with restenosis at three years than ...
[87]
Stone Basket Innovations, LLC v. Cook Medical LLC, No. 17-2330 ...
Stone sued Cook in the Eastern District of Texas, alleging infringement of the 327 patent, which relates to a basket-type medical device used to remove ...Missing: global | Show results with:global
[88]
Global expansion | Cook Medical
Learn about how Bill Cook's passion for helping physicians and their patients drove early expansion of Cook Medical into global markets.Missing: patents | Show results with:patents
[89]
Our businesses | Cook Group
Cook Group is a global, family-owned group of businesses spanning medical devices, life sciences, services, property management, and resorts.Missing: establishment revenue innovations patents litigation
[90]
https://www.cookfood.net/info/about-cook/our-story
[91]
The Cook founders: '£5 for a home-cooked meal is better value than ...
May 31, 2025 · What started as leftovers in ice cream tubs grew into a frozen food empire – but what's the secret to staying authentic for nearly 30 years?Beef bourguignon recipe · Chicken, ham and leek pie · Mushroom and aubergine...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[92]
How The COOK Siblings Make $111 Million A Year On Frozen Food
Oct 8, 2022 · Having filled the freezers of middle Britain for 25 years, sibling owners Rosie Brown and Ed Perry continue to operate independently, refusing ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[93]
Koch Foods: Home
Koch Foods, pronounced “Cook” Foods, is all about making cooking easier and more flavorful. As a vertically integrated poultry company, our capabilities start ...Our Company · Contact Us · Products · Sales Channels
[94]
General Mills: A U.S. based food company. - General Mills
General Mills is one of the oldest and most trusted food companies, with products in 90% of American pantries. ... From pets to parents and everyone in-between, ...Food we make · Food security · Food safety · How we make it
[95]
About Us - The Cook & Boardman Group
The Cook & Boardman Group is a leading provider of integrated access and security solutions, with experience in various sectors, and a vision to construct ...
[96]
https://www.cookandboardman.com/
[97]
COOK & KRUPA: Your General Contractor in New York
Cook & Krupa has been a general contractor and the commercial construction company of choice for businesses of all types in the New York Metropolitan area.About Us · Contact · Projects · Construction Resources
[98]
What is Retail Construction? - Cook Builders
Mar 18, 2022 · Retail construction refers to renovating or building a storefront, restaurant, or any commercial business space intended for retail sales.
[99]
Cooks Construction
Cook's Construction of Brownsville has known construction for more than 55 years as the company has passed through two generations within the Cook's family.
[100]
Cook Off! (2007) - IMDb
Rating 4.4/10 (1,580) Cook Off! ... Amateur "chefs" from around the country compete for a million dollar prize in the ultimate food fight.Amateur "chefs" from around the country ...Full cast & crew · Parents guide · User reviews · PlotMissing: reception | Show results with:reception
[101]
Cook Off (2017) - IMDb
Rating 6/10 (507) The cook off was just as good as the Masterchef, would have loved to see the ... cook shows. Kudos to the actors, look forward to more amazing things ...Missing: titled | Show results with:titled
[102]
Cook Off, the no-budget romcom that became the first Zimbabwean ...
May 30, 2020 · A Zimbabwean film about a woman who enters a TV cooking show ... With no running water on set and little cash to spare, the Cook Off crew resorted ...
[103]
The Cook and the Chef (TV Series 2006–2009) - IMDb
Rating 8.1/10 (77) The Cook and The Chef transform fresh ingredients into meals anyone can cook, while providing hints and tips on how to best buy, prepare and present the dishes.
[104]
Watch The Cook of Castamar | Netflix Official Site
The Cook of Castamar. 2021; 12 Episodes; ⁨TV-MA⁩; Drama. In 1720 Madrid, a talented cook catches the eye of a widowed duke just as he returns to aristocratic ...
[105]
1.5 The Cook's Prologue and Tale
The Cook's Tale. Heere bigynneth the Cookes Tale. 4365 A prentys whilom dwelled in oure citee, A apprentice once dwelt in our city, 4366 And of a craft of ...
[106]
The Cook by Harry Kressing (Ebook) - Read free for 30 days - Everand
Rating 4.0 (50) Release dateNov 30, 2018. ISBN9781941147665. The Cook. Read free for ... HARRY KRESSING. VALANCOURT BOOKS. Dedication: To M. E. G.. The Cook by Harry Kressing.<|separator|>
[107]
The Cook - Macmillan Publishers
The Cook is a coming-of-age journey centered on Mauro, a young self-taught cook. The story is told by an unnamed female narrator.
[108]
Cook Of The House (song) - The Paul McCartney Project
Mar 23, 2025 · “Cook of the House” is a song written by Paul and Linda McCartney that was first released on Wings' 1976 album Wings at the Speed of Sound.
[109]
Glorilla Earns RIAA Gold for "Let Her Cook" | News - PopFiltr
Oct 10, 2025 · Glorilla Earns RIAA Gold for "Let Her Cook". Let Her Cook earns RIAA Gold for Glorilla, recognizing 500,000 units on October 10, 2025.
[110]
GloRilla Performs 'Let Her Cook' & 'Typa' at 2025 BET Awards
Jun 9, 2025 · GloRilla suits up for 'Let Her Cook' & 'Typa' with Keyshia Cole at 2025 BET Awards. The Memphis rapper shut things down as she performed her hit record & new ...
[111]
Cooking The Books - Meaning & Origin Of The Phrase
... meaning of cook that was used in the coinage of the phrase 'cook the books'. The allusion appears to be the changing of one thing into another, as in the ...
[112]
Cook the Books – Idiom, Origin and Meaning - Grammarist
Origin of the Phrase Cook the Books. The term “cook” has been used colloquially in various languages to mean “falsify” or “manipulate” since at least the 17th ...
[113]
Too Many Cooks Spoil The Broth - Meaning & Origin Of The Phrase
'Too many cooks spoil the broth' is an old proverb and one that has lasted unchanged for centuries. Recent research appears to confirm the truth it conveys.
[114]
https://englishdaily626.com/proverbs.php?081
[115]
Let Him Cook / Let That Boy Cook | Know Your Meme
Sep 19, 2022 · The phrase "Let Him Cook" is commonly understood to have originated from the catchphrase "Let that boy cook" and was coined by rapper Lil B. The ...
[116]
Let Him Cook - Meaning, Origin & Usage - History of English
Feb 5, 2025 · The phrase “let him cook” simply refers to allowing someone to take their time, and to prepare for what may lie ahead with care, attention and encouragement.
[117]
This Generation is Cooked Meaning Definition Origin History
Apr 29, 2025 · The slang term “cooked” has evolved over time. Initially, it was used to describe someone who was intoxicated or overwhelmed. In the 1970s, it ...
[118]
Cook Model - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
The Cook model, specifically the Johnson-Cook model, is defined as a mathematical representation used to model the strength behavior of materials under ...
[119]
Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Johnson-Cook-Material ...
One of the most used material models is the Johnson-Cook-Model, where the material dependent parameters are determined by Split-Hopkinson pressure bar tests.
[120]
Physics 20B. Cosmology. Lec 14: Exploring the Stars (English)
Course Description: "Cook's Tour" of the universe. Ancient world models. Evidence for universal expansion; the size and age of the universe and how it all began ...
[121]
Investigation of polymers and alcohols produced in oxidized ...
Jul 1, 2020 · This study revealed that ester bonds are responsible for the polymerization of soybean oil during frying and heating at 175 °C. ... Cooking Oil, ...
[122]
An overview on the dry heat treatment (DHT) for starch modification
... cooking processes. Moreover, the temperature at which DHT is conducted plays a crucial role in determining the solubility of starches modified with ...