Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Kinetics

'''Kinetics''' is a term used in various scientific and other contexts to describe rates of change, motion, or related concepts. It may refer to: For detailed information, see the relevant sections below.

Physical sciences

Kinetics in physics

Kinetics in physics is the branch of classical mechanics that studies the motion of bodies under the influence of forces and torques, focusing on the causes of changes in motion rather than describing motion alone.^[1] This contrasts with kinematics, which analyzes motion without regard to the forces involved.^[2] In kinetics, the relationship between applied forces and resulting accelerations is central, enabling predictions of how objects respond to interactions like gravity or contact forces. The foundational principles of kinetics were established by Isaac Newton in his 1687 work Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, where he introduced the three laws of motion.^[3] Newton's first law states that a body remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net force, defining inertial frames.^[1] The second law, \mathbf{F} = m \mathbf{a} for linear motion (or \mathbf{F} = \dot{\mathbf{p}} where \mathbf{p} = m \mathbf{v}), quantifies how force produces acceleration proportional to mass.^[4] For rotational motion, this extends to \boldsymbol{\tau} = I \boldsymbol{\alpha}, where \boldsymbol{\tau} is torque, I is the moment of inertia, and \boldsymbol{\alpha} is angular acceleration.^[1] The third law asserts that forces occur in equal and opposite pairs. Building on Newton, Leonhard Euler advanced rotational dynamics in the 18th century by developing equations for rigid bodies, including the inertia tensor.^[5] Joseph-Louis Lagrange further reformulated kinetics in 1788 through analytical mechanics, using generalized coordinates and the Lagrangian L = T - V to derive equations of motion via the Euler-Lagrange formalism, \frac{d}{dt} \left( \frac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{q}_i} \right) - \frac{\partial L}{\partial q_i} = 0.^[5]^[4] A key quantity in kinetics is kinetic energy, which measures the energy associated with motion. For translational motion of a point mass, it is given by

T = \frac{1}{2} m v^2,

derived from the work-energy theorem, which states that the net work done on a body equals the change in its kinetic energy, W = \Delta T.^[1] For rotational motion about a fixed axis, kinetic energy is

T = \frac{1}{2} I \omega^2,

where \omega is angular velocity.^[5] These expressions arise from integrating the power delivered by forces or torques over time or distance, providing a scalar framework complementary to vector-based force analyses.^[1] Applications of kinetics abound in classical mechanics. In projectile motion, Newton's second law combined with constant gravitational acceleration g \approx 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 yields parabolic trajectories, as seen in the horizontal range R = \frac{v_0^2 \sin 2\theta}{g} for initial velocity v_0 at angle \theta.^[6] Orbital mechanics applies central gravitational forces, F = -\frac{G M m}{r^2}, to describe stable circular or elliptical paths, as in Kepler's laws derived from Newton's framework for planetary motion.^[1] Rigid body dynamics integrates both translation and rotation, using Euler's equations, such as I_1 \dot{\omega}_1 = (I_2 - I_3) \omega_2 \omega_3 for principal moments I_i, to model phenomena like spinning tops or spacecraft attitude control.^[4] These principles underpin engineering fields from ballistics to aerospace design.

Chemical kinetics

Chemical kinetics is the branch of physical chemistry that studies the rates of chemical reactions and the mechanisms by which they occur. It focuses on how quickly reactants are converted into products and the factors that influence these speeds, providing insights into the pathways of molecular transformations. This field is essential for understanding both natural and industrial processes, from combustion to synthesis, by quantifying changes in concentrations over time.^[7] The rate of a chemical reaction is typically expressed through a rate law, which relates the reaction rate to the concentrations of reactants. For a general reaction aA + bB \rightarrow products, the rate law takes the form \text{rate} = k [A]^m [B]^n, where k is the rate constant, and m and n are the reaction orders determined experimentally. Higher reactant concentrations increase collision frequency, thereby accelerating the rate, while the orders reflect the reaction's dependence on each species.^[8] Temperature profoundly affects reaction rates via the Arrhenius equation, k = A e^{-E_a / RT}, where A is the pre-exponential factor representing collision frequency and orientation, E_a is the activation energy, R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. This exponential relationship means that even small temperature increases can dramatically boost rates by enabling more molecules to overcome the energy barrier for reaction. Catalysts lower E_a without being consumed, speeding up reactions, while for gaseous systems, pressure influences rates by altering concentrations according to the ideal gas law.^[9] Reaction mechanisms describe the sequence of elementary steps that constitute the overall process, each of which is a single molecular event with a rate law matching its molecularity. The rate-determining step, the slowest in the sequence, governs the overall rate, often dictating the observed rate law. Chain reactions, common in combustion and polymerization, involve propagating steps where reactive intermediates (like free radicals) generate more of themselves, leading to rapid, self-sustaining progress until termination occurs.^[10]^[11] Experimental determination of rates involves monitoring concentration changes over time using techniques such as spectroscopy (e.g., UV-Vis to track absorbance), chromatography (e.g., HPLC for product separation), or manometry (for pressure evolution in gas-phase reactions). These methods allow derivation of rate laws and constants under controlled conditions, often using initial rates or integrated approaches.^[12] Applications of chemical kinetics span industrial optimization, safety, and environmental modeling. In the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis (N_2 + 3H_2 \rightarrow 2NH_3), kinetic studies guide high-pressure, moderate-temperature conditions and iron catalysts to balance rate and equilibrium yields, enabling large-scale fertilizer production.^[13] Explosion dynamics rely on fast chain reactions in fuels, where kinetics predict ignition thresholds and detonation velocities for safety in mining and propulsion. In atmospheric chemistry, rate data model pollutant lifetimes, such as ozone depletion via chlorine radical chains, informing air quality regulations.^[14]^[15] Integrated rate laws provide explicit concentration-time relationships; for a first-order reaction, [A] = [A]_0 e^{-kt}, allowing prediction of half-lives (t_{1/2} = \ln 2 / k) independent of initial concentration. Collision theory underpins rate constants by positing that effective collisions require sufficient energy (> E_a) and proper orientation, with A incorporating the collision frequency Z = \sqrt{8kT / \pi \mu} \cdot \sigma \cdot N_A, where \mu is reduced mass and \sigma is collision cross-section, linking macroscopic rates to molecular dynamics.^[16]^[17]

Biological and medical sciences

Enzyme kinetics

Enzyme kinetics is a subfield of chemical kinetics that applies rate laws to the mechanisms of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, focusing on biological catalysts known as enzymes.^[18] Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms by lowering activation energies without being consumed, and their kinetics provide insights into substrate binding and catalytic efficiency.^[19] This field emerged from early 20th-century studies on invertase, with foundational work by Leonor Michaelis and Maud Menten in 1913, who derived a model for enzyme-substrate interactions based on equilibrium assumptions.^[19] The Michaelis-Menten model describes the hyperbolic relationship between reaction velocity and substrate concentration, assuming rapid equilibrium between free enzyme, substrate, and the enzyme-substrate complex.^[19] In this model, the initial velocity v is given by the equation:

v = \frac{V_{\max} [S]}{K_m + [S]}

where V_{\max} is the maximum reaction velocity achieved when the enzyme is fully saturated with substrate, [S] is the substrate concentration, and K_m (the Michaelis constant) is the substrate concentration at which v = V_{\max}/2, reflecting the enzyme's affinity for the substrate.^[19] Lower K_m values indicate higher substrate affinity. To determine K_m and V_{\max} experimentally, the Lineweaver-Burk plot linearizes the data as a double-reciprocal transformation:

\frac{1}{v} = \frac{K_m}{V_{\max}} \cdot \frac{1}{[S]} + \frac{1}{V_{\max}}

This plot, developed by Hans Lineweaver and Dean Burk in 1934, yields a straight line where the y-intercept is $1/V_{\max}, the x-intercept is -1/K_m, and the slope is K_m/V_{\max}.^[20] Several factors influence enzyme kinetic parameters. Substrate concentration drives velocity toward V_{\max} following the hyperbolic curve, while enzyme concentration proportionally scales V_{\max} since velocity is directly dependent on active enzyme sites.^[21] Temperature affects activity by increasing molecular collisions up to an optimal point, beyond which denaturation reduces V_{\max} and may alter K_m; for instance, most human enzymes optimal at 37°C lose activity above 50°C.^[21] pH influences ionization of amino acid residues in the active site, shifting K_m and V_{\max} with an optimal bell-shaped curve; deviations, such as in pepsin (optimal pH 2) versus trypsin (optimal pH 8), can inhibit catalysis.^[21] Enzyme inhibition modulates kinetics and is classified by binding mechanism. Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds reversibly to the active site, competing with substrate and increasing apparent K_m while V_{\max} remains unchanged, as higher [S] can overcome inhibition; examples include statins inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase.^[22] Non-competitive inhibition involves binding to a site distinct from the active site, reducing V_{\max} without affecting K_m, as the inhibitor decreases effective enzyme concentration regardless of substrate; heavy metals like lead exemplify this.^[22] Uncompetitive inhibition binds only to the enzyme-substrate complex, decreasing both V_{\max} and apparent K_m by stabilizing the complex and preventing product release; lithium inhibition of inositol monophosphatase is a representative case.^[22] Applications of enzyme kinetics span drug design, metabolic analysis, and biotechnology. In drug design, kinetic parameters guide inhibitor development, such as competitive antagonists for enzyme targets in cancer or HIV therapies, where low K_m shifts inform potency.^[23] Metabolic pathway analysis uses V_{\max} and K_m to model flux control, identifying rate-limiting steps in diseases like diabetes.^[24] In biotechnology, kinetics optimizes industrial enzymes, such as in biofuel production where temperature-stable variants enhance efficiency.^[18]

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics is the quantitative study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) in the body, focusing on how the body affects a drug after administration.^[25] This field integrates physiological, biochemical, and mathematical principles to describe drug concentrations in plasma and tissues over time, enabling predictions of therapeutic effects and potential toxicities.^[26] The historical development of pharmacokinetics traces back to foundational work in the early 20th century, with significant advancements in the 1930s through Torsten Teorell's seminal papers on the kinetics of substance distribution in the body, which introduced concepts of resorption, distribution, consumption, and elimination.^[25] Teorell's multicompartment modeling laid the groundwork for modern approaches, though the term "pharmacokinetics" was formally defined by Friedrich Hartmut Dost in 1953 as the study of drug movement in time and space.^[25] The ADME framework was coined in English by Edward R. Garrett and later popularized by William E. Nelson in 1961, building on Teorell's ideas; compartmental modeling gained prominence in the 1960s, facilitating quantitative analysis for clinical applications.^[25] The ADME processes form the core of pharmacokinetics. Absorption refers to the transfer of a drug from its site of administration into the systemic circulation, often via the gastrointestinal tract for oral drugs, with bioavailability (F) quantifying the fraction that reaches circulation unchanged—typically ranging from 0 to 1, influenced by factors like first-pass metabolism.^[27] Distribution describes drug movement from blood to tissues, characterized by the volume of distribution (Vd), which indicates the apparent volume into which the drug disperses; for example, drugs like warfarin have a low Vd (≈0.1 L/kg) due to plasma protein binding, while digoxin has a high Vd (≈5-7 L/kg) reflecting tissue penetration.^[28] Metabolism involves enzymatic biotransformation, primarily in the liver via phase I (oxidation, e.g., CYP450 reactions) and phase II (conjugation) processes, which convert drugs to more polar metabolites for elimination; these reactions, often referencing enzyme kinetics at the molecular level, determine drug clearance and duration of action.^[26] Excretion is the irreversible removal of unchanged drug, mainly through renal filtration and secretion, with clearance (Cl) measuring the volume of plasma cleared per unit time—hepatic and renal pathways contribute variably, as seen in gentamicin's primarily renal excretion (Cl ≈100 mL/min).^[25] Pharmacokinetic modeling simplifies these processes using compartmental approaches. The one-compartment model assumes instantaneous distribution and first-order elimination, yielding the plasma concentration equation for intravenous (IV) bolus administration:

C_p = \frac{\text{Dose}}{V_d} e^{-kt}

where C_p is plasma concentration, k is the elimination rate constant, and t is time; this exponential decay applies to drugs like lidocaine achieving rapid equilibrium.^[29] Multi-compartment models account for distinct central (plasma) and peripheral (tissues) phases, better describing biphasic decline in drugs like vancomycin, where initial distribution (\alpha-phase) precedes slower elimination (\beta-phase).^[27] Flip-flop kinetics occurs in sustained-release formulations when absorption rate (k_a) is slower than elimination (k_e), reversing the typical plasma profile—exemplified by intramuscular depot injections where terminal half-life reflects absorption rather than elimination.^[30] Toxicokinetics extends these models to high doses or toxins, incorporating nonlinear saturation (e.g., Michaelis-Menten metabolism) to predict accumulation and adverse effects, as in acetaminophen overdose.^[31] Key parameters quantify exposure and dynamics. The elimination half-life (t_{1/2}) is the time for concentration to halve, calculated as t_{1/2} = 0.693 / k_e, guiding dosing intervals—for instance, amoxicillin's t_{1/2} of ≈1 hour necessitates frequent administration.^[29] The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) measures total exposure, related to bioavailability by AUC = F \cdot \text{Dose} / Cl, with clearance defined as Cl = \text{Dose} / [AUC](/page/AUC) for IV administration, emphasizing efficiency of removal.^[29] Applications of pharmacokinetics include optimizing dosing regimens to maintain therapeutic concentrations, as in calculating maintenance doses via \text{Dose} = Cl \cdot C_{ss,avg} \cdot \tau (where C_{ss,avg} is steady-state average concentration and \tau is interval).^[29] Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) uses these principles to adjust doses for narrow-index drugs like digoxin or vancomycin, measuring plasma levels to ensure efficacy while minimizing toxicity, particularly in renal impairment.^[32] In personalized medicine, pharmacokinetic data inform genotype-based dosing (e.g., CYP2D6 variants affecting codeine metabolism), enhancing outcomes through model-informed precision dosing.^[33]

Human kinetics

Human kinetics, also known as kinesiology, is the scientific study of human movement, focusing on the forces that cause motion and their impacts on health and performance.^[34] It examines how mechanical principles interact with physiological and neurological systems to produce and control bodily actions.^[35] This field draws from the kinetics in physics as the mechanical foundation for analyzing human biomechanics.^[36] The discipline formalized in the mid-20th century, gaining prominence in the 1960s amid growing interest in exercise and physical fitness, influenced by applications of physical kinetics to biological systems. Key areas include biomechanics, which analyzes joint torques and muscle forces to understand movement efficiency; exercise physiology, which explores energy systems such as the ATP-CP system for short bursts, the glycolytic system for moderate efforts, and the oxidative system for sustained activities; and motor control, which investigates neural coordination for precise actions. Concepts like Newton's laws are adapted to human systems, for instance, where the third law explains ground reaction forces during walking as the equal and opposite response to foot impact on the ground.^[37] Applications of human kinetics span sports training to optimize performance through technique refinement, rehabilitation to restore function post-injury, ergonomics to design safer workspaces, and injury prevention strategies that reduce musculoskeletal risks.^[38] Common methods include gait analysis to assess walking patterns, electromyography (EMG) to measure muscle electrical activity, and force plate measurements to quantify ground reaction forces.^[36]^[39] These tools enable evidence-based interventions that enhance human capability while minimizing health risks.^[34]

Companies

KINETICS Group

The KINETICS Group is a multinational engineering firm founded in 1973 as Kinetic Systems, Inc., and with its European headquarters in Eschau-Hobbach, Germany.^[40] With more than 20 locations worldwide and approximately 2,500 employees as of 2023, the company delivers end-to-end solutions for critical process systems, encompassing engineering, procurement, construction, and facility management.^[41]^[42] Specializing in high-purity infrastructure, KINETICS serves high-tech industries by ensuring absolute purity, efficiency, and safety in complex production environments.^[43] At its core, KINETICS provides specialized services such as ultra-pure water systems, chemical and slurry distribution, and abatement technologies tailored for semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology sectors.^[43] These offerings include turnkey design and installation of process piping, gas and chemical delivery systems, and wastewater treatment, often integrated with SCADA controls for real-time monitoring and optimization.^[44] The firm's expertise supports the full value chain, from initial planning to ongoing maintenance, enabling clients to meet stringent regulatory and performance standards in cleanroom and fab environments.^[45] Key achievements include the installation of process and supply systems in over 150 semiconductor manufacturing facilities for 50 of the world's largest producers, such as Intel and Samsung.^[44]^[42] Notable projects encompass the turnkey construction of critical systems for Micron's Singapore fab in 2016 and BASF's EMC facility in 2006, demonstrating the company's capability in large-scale, high-stakes integrations.^[43] KINETICS emphasizes sustainability through initiatives like membership in the Semiconductor Climate Consortium and energy-efficient designs, alongside digitalization efforts such as augmented reality-enabled No-Touch HMIs for enhanced process controls.^[44]^[45] The group comprises subsidiaries and brands focused on niche technologies, including Kinetics Equipment Solutions Group (KESG, acquired 2016), WAFAB (2017), and MEGA (2018), which bolster capabilities in fluid handling and ultra-high-purity equipment.^[43] In recent developments, KINETICS was acquired by Exyte on October 15, 2024, expanding its service portfolio in technical facility management and high-tech infrastructure.^[46] Post-2020, the company has advanced digital integration in process controls and sustainable practices to address evolving industry demands in semiconductors and life sciences.^[43]

Kinetics Noise Control

Kinetics Noise Control, Inc. is a leading manufacturer of engineered solutions for noise control, vibration isolation, and seismic protection, founded in 1958 in Dublin, Ohio, as industrial consultants specializing in sound and vibration management. The company designs and produces products that mitigate airborne noise, structure-borne vibration, and seismic forces in building and industrial settings, emphasizing precision engineering to enhance occupant comfort and structural integrity. Over decades, it has expanded to offer comprehensive systems that address environmental and operational challenges across diverse sectors.^[47]^[48] The company's core product lines include vibration isolators such as spring and rubber mounts, which reduce transmission of mechanical vibrations from equipment like HVAC units and pumps; sound enclosures like the NOISEBLOCK™ modular panels and acoustic curtains for containing machinery noise; seismic restraints including cable systems and restrained isolators to secure components during earthquakes; and specialized floor systems such as MetaWrx®, a viscoelastic material for isolating low-frequency vibrations in high-impact environments. These products are tailored for durability and performance, often incorporating materials like neoprene, fiberglass, and mass-loaded vinyl to achieve targeted noise reductions of 20-35 dBA in enclosures.^[49]^[50]^[51] Applications span sensitive facilities including hospitals for isolating MRI machines and reducing mechanical room noise to maintain patient recovery environments; data centers to control cooling system vibrations and generator acoustics for operational efficiency; theaters and performance venues through room acoustics treatments that optimize sound clarity while minimizing external disturbances; and power plants where enclosures and isolators manage turbine and compressor noise to comply with occupational safety standards. Products are engineered to meet rigorous codes such as ASHRAE guidelines for HVAC noise and vibration control and the International Building Code (IBC) for seismic design categories.^[52]^[53]^[54]^[55] Innovations at Kinetics Noise Control feature advanced materials for low-frequency isolation, such as viscoelastic composites in MetaWrx® that achieve up to 99% isolation efficiency at 5 Hz, surpassing traditional methods for floor and equipment applications. Custom designs extend to HVAC silencers and piping restraints, integrating computational modeling to optimize airflow attenuation and seismic compliance without compromising system performance. These developments prioritize efficacy in challenging spectra, like sub-10 Hz vibrations common in industrial settings.^[51] As part of the Catalyst Acoustics Group since 2020, which was acquired by KPS Capital Partners, LP, in November 2024, Kinetics Noise Control maintains manufacturing facilities in North America, with headquarters and production centered in Dublin, Ohio, supporting a workforce of 201-500 employees. The company emphasizes sustainability, achieving certifications like the International Living Future Institute's DECLARE Red List Free label for its Econetic Core acoustical panels in 2025, ensuring materials free of harmful chemicals while maintaining high acoustic performance. This distinct entity focuses on building acoustics solutions, separate from broader industrial process groups like KINETICS Group.^[56]^[57]^[58]

Kinetics Industries

Kinetics Industries, Inc. is a United States-based manufacturer founded in 1939 in Trenton, New Jersey, initially established to service power systems and industrial motor requirements for heavy industrial customers in the region.^[59] Over the decades, the company evolved from a regional custom provider into a global leader in designing and producing solid-state power conversion systems, with a particular emphasis on equipment supporting electric motor operations, including diode and SCR rectifiers, DC motor drives, and excitation systems.^[59] Today, it operates as an integrated facility capable of handling full production of custom power solutions, serving diverse sectors reliant on reliable motor-driven processes.^[60] The company's core offerings center on advanced power conversion technologies tailored for electric motors, such as SCR-regulated and diode line-regulated power rectifiers, industrial DC power supplies, and comprehensive synchronous motor field excitation systems.^[61] These products facilitate precise control and regulation of motor performance, including models like the KinetSync-SR for digital monitoring and the SVRS series for heavy industrial applications.^[62] Additionally, Kinetics provides dry-type transformers ranging from 1 to 2000 KVA and control assemblies that integrate seamlessly into motor assembly and testing workflows.^[59] Kinetics Industries applies its solutions across various motor-dependent industries, including collaborations with steel and aluminum mills, automotive manufacturers, mining operations, flooring material producers, pulp and paper mills, and traction systems providers.^[63] These applications involve integrating power systems directly into production lines to enhance motor efficiency, such as excitation packages for brush-type and brushless synchronous motors used in cranes, elevators, and heavy machinery.^[64] By customizing systems to meet specific operational demands, the company supports scalable integration that optimizes energy delivery and motor reliability in high-stakes environments.^[60] Key features of Kinetics' equipment include high-precision regulation for fault-tolerant operation, fuseless bolted designs for magnet rectifiers, and advanced solid-state controls that ensure durability in demanding conditions.^[61] Their systems incorporate quality assurance through ISO 9001 certification, enabling robust performance with features like amortisseur winding protection and real-time operational status monitoring.^[65] Solutions are designed for scalability, allowing adaptation from small commercial setups to large utility-scale installations, while maintaining competitive pricing and prompt delivery.^[60] In recent years, Kinetics has advanced its product line to include networked control systems with data integration capabilities, reflecting ongoing enhancements in power conversion for modern industrial needs, though specific adoption of Industry 4.0 elements like IoT remains aligned with broader sector trends rather than proprietary announcements as of 2025.^[59]

Arts and entertainment

Kinetics (musician)

Kinetics, whose real name is Jeremy Dussolliet, is an American rapper and songwriter based in New York City. He launched his solo hip-hop career in 2008 with independent releases, including his debut EP The Kinetics EP, marking the start of a trajectory focused on lyrical hip-hop. Educated at Cornell University, where he studied and began collaborating in music, Dussolliet adopted the stage name Kinetics—drawing from the concept of kinetic energy to symbolize motion and momentum in his artistic expression.^[66] A pivotal moment in his career came through songwriting, as he co-penned the chorus for B.o.B's 2010 hit "Airplanes" featuring Hayley Williams, which peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100, earned diamond certification (10× platinum) as of 2025, and received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2011. This success highlighted his ability to craft catchy yet introspective hooks, propelling his visibility beyond underground rap circles. Kinetics' solo output includes the 2012 mixtape With A Little Help From My Friends, a project featuring guest appearances from established hip-hop figures like R.A. the Rugged Man, Skyzoo, and Chris Webby, showcasing his collaborative approach within the genre. His rise was amplified by platforms like YouTube, where early tracks and freestyles built a grassroots following among hip-hop enthusiasts.^[67]^[68]^[69] Kinetics is recognized for his intricate rhyme schemes and substantive lyricism, influenced by emcees such as Nas, Common, Lupe Fiasco, and Eminem, often emphasizing themes of personal introspection and societal reflection with a blend of intellectual depth and rhythmic energy. He has accumulated numerous high-impact songwriting credits for mainstream artists, including contributions to Hailee Steinfeld's "Most Girls" (2017), Melanie Martinez's Cry Baby album (2015), Madison Beer's tracks like "Good in Goodbye" (2021), Julia Wolf's Rookie of the Year (2023), and ongoing work with artists such as Tate McRae and Fletcher as of 2025. These works underscore his versatility in bridging hip-hop with pop and alternative genres. Kinetics has earned Grammy nominations for his songwriting, with his contributions to "Airplanes" standing as a seminal achievement. He is also part of the songwriting and production duo Kinetics & One Love.^[66]^[70] As of 2025, Kinetics continues to pursue songwriting and production, with occasional rap collaborations such as the 2021 single "Hurt Enough" featuring Dylan Owen, demonstrating his ongoing commitment to narrative-driven hip-hop. His work maintains a presence on streaming platforms, where he engages fans through original content and collaborations, solidifying his role as an enduring figure in independent and commercial music scenes.^[71]^[72]

Kinetics & One Love

Kinetics & One Love is an American hip-hop production and songwriting duo composed of Jeremy "Kinetics" Dussolliet and Tim "One Love" Sommers, both based in New York City. The pair formed their partnership in 2007, with Sommers focusing on production and Dussolliet contributing lyrics and rap elements, initially releasing experimental hip-hop projects independently. They achieved their commercial debut in 2010 by co-writing the iconic chorus for B.o.B's single "Airplanes" featuring Hayley Williams, which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart and number two on the US Billboard Hot 100, marking a breakthrough in blending hip-hop with pop accessibility.^[70]^[73] The duo's notable works span songwriting and production for major artists across genres, emphasizing crossovers between hip-hop and mainstream pop. Key credits include co-writing Hailee Steinfeld's "Most Girls" (2017), which charted at number 58 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and Madison Beer's "Baby" (2020), alongside contributions to tracks for hip-hop acts like Hoodie Allen and Dylan Owen. Their approach uniquely fuses rap production techniques—such as intricate beats and lyrical flows—with polished pop songcraft, enabling hits that appeal to diverse audiences, as seen in their work on Melanie Martinez's "Pity Party" from her 2015 album Cry Baby. Additional recent credits include Julia Wolf's Rookie of the Year (2023) and Rosa Linn's "Snap" (2022).^[70] Kinetics & One Love have earned multiple ASCAP Pop Music Awards, including recognition in 2011 for the most-performed songs tied to "Airplanes" and further honors in 2024 for their publishing contributions to top pop tracks. Their catalog has amassed over 200 million streams across platforms, underscoring their impact on contemporary music. Evolving from early duo-focused hip-hop releases to broader production roles, the pair has pursued individual endeavors—such as Dussolliet's solo work under the Kinetics moniker—while maintaining ongoing collaborations into 2025.^[74]^[75]^[76]

Other uses

Kinetics Internet Protocol

The Kinetics Internet Protocol (KIP) is a networking protocol developed by Kinetics in the late 1980s as part of the AppleTalk suite to enable Macintosh-based local area networks to interoperate with IP-based internetworks. It facilitates the encapsulation and routing of AppleTalk datagrams over IP networks, allowing AppleTalk devices to communicate across IP infrastructures without native AppleTalk support on the IP side. KIP was particularly useful for bridging LocalTalk (AppleTalk over serial) and Ethernet environments in early Macintosh networking setups.^[77] Functionally, KIP operates by encapsulating AppleTalk packets within UDP/IP for transmission over IP networks, a process known as IPTalk, which supports AppleTalk services on IP hosts such as file servers. Conversely, it enables IP traffic to be tunneled over AppleTalk via encapsulation in Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP) packets, forming the basis for MacIP implementations. This bidirectional encapsulation allows dynamic IP address allocation for up to 60 Macintosh clients, automatic subnet mask calculation, and routing via protocols like RIP and ICMP redirects. KIP integrates with AppleTalk's addressing by supporting Phase 1 and Phase 2 networks, including zone configuration and transition bridging for mixed environments, while relying on AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP) for hardware address mapping on the AppleTalk side.^[78]^[77]^[79] Key features of KIP include support for distributed client addressing across networks, split addressing for noncontiguous IP ranges, and configurable options such as disabling RIP broadcasts or enforcing zone security. It uses UDP port numbers starting from 200 (assigned by NIC in April 1988) for AppleTalk-over-IP encapsulation, replacing earlier DDP ports like 768 to ensure compatibility with systems such as CAP 5.0. Packet formats involve wrapping DDP headers (including 2-octet network addresses) inside UDP for IPTalk or IP packets within DDP/LAP for the reverse direction, with routing tables tracking next-hop IP addresses, hop counts, broadcast addresses, and device types (e.g., core or non-core routers). These features made KIP essential for early heterogeneous networking but limited by UDP's lack of inherent reliability, deferring error detection and flow control to AppleTalk's upper-layer protocols like ATP.^[77]^[79] KIP was introduced around 1988 in conjunction with AppleTalk Phase 2 enhancements in 1989, evolving from Stanford University's implementations and adopted by Apple as the foundation for MacIP. It saw use in products like Kinetics' FastPath gateways for Macintosh IP connectivity. By the 2000s, KIP was deprecated as Apple transitioned away from AppleTalk toward native IP support with IPv6, rendering the protocol obsolete with the end of AppleTalk production in 2010.^[77]^[79]

NASCAR Kinetics

NASCAR Kinetics: Marketing in Motion was a collegiate experiential learning program launched by NASCAR in January 2009, designed to connect university students across the United States with the motorsports industry through practical marketing challenges.^[80] The initiative partnered with select universities to form student teams, immersing participants in real-world scenarios drawn from NASCAR's operations, such as sponsorship activations and promotional events, to foster creativity and industry awareness.^[81] The program's curriculum centered on hands-on projects and case studies simulating NASCAR's marketing environment, including analyses of sponsorship deals like Growth Energy and promotional concepts such as viewing parties or product integrations.^[80] Teams, typically limited to five students per university, collaborated on semester-long assignments that required research, strategy development, and presentations addressing specific business challenges within the racing ecosystem.^[81] Participants gained exposure to topics like consumer engagement, event planning, and brand promotion, often culminating in live implementations, such as organizing on-campus NASCAR watch parties with giveaways and entertainment.^[81] The primary goals of NASCAR Kinetics were to introduce younger demographics to the sport, build marketing acumen among students, and cultivate potential career pipelines into motorsports-related fields.^[80] Mentorship from NASCAR executives and faculty advisors, including figures like Steve Sweeney, the Director of Consumer Marketing, provided guidance, while competitive elements—such as rankings and prizes like trips to the NASCAR All-Star Race—motivated high performance.^[80] Certifications or formal credentials were not emphasized, but the program offered resume-enhancing experiences through direct interaction with industry professionals.^[81] Structured as a 12- to 16-week course offered in fall and spring semesters, NASCAR Kinetics combined virtual submissions with in-person elements like campus events and occasional industry visits, accommodating up to 18 participating universities by 2012.^[80] It reached hundreds of students annually during its run, with standout teams from schools like High Point University and Indiana State University earning top honors for innovative projects.^[81] The program concluded after mentoring its final cohort in 2012, leaving a legacy of bridging academic marketing education with professional opportunities in NASCAR.

References

[1]
11: Chemical Kinetics I
### Summary of Introduction to Chemical Kinetics
[2]
Chemical Kinetics - Purdue University
The kinetic molecular theory assumes that the number of collisions per second in a gas depends on the number of particles per liter. The rate at which NO2 and ...Chemical Kinetics · Instantaneous Rates of... · Different Ways of Expressing...
[3]
Kinetics - gchem
Chemical kinetics is the study of reaction rates. Thermodynamics is a powerful tool in understanding chemical processes, but it is not the complete picture.
[4]
Integrated Rate Laws
Kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical processes. The rate of a reaction is defined at the change in concentration over time.
[5]
Reaction Kinetics — Introduction to Chemical and Biological ...
An elementary reaction is characterized by a change from reactants to products that proceeds without identifiable intermediate species forming.
[6]
[PDF] Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics - MSU chemistry
A chemical reaction is determined by thermodynamics and kinetics, and can be described by the “energy diagram”. Concerns the energy barrier (Ea). Determines ...
[7]
[PDF] Chemical Kinetics
Besides information about the speed at which reactions occur, kinetics also sheds light on the reaction mechanism (exactly how the reaction occurs).
[8]
[PDF] 1 Fundamentals of Chemical Kinetics
1.1 Concentrations. Chemical kinetics is the quantitative study of chemical systems that are changing with time. (Thermodynamics, another of the major ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[9]
[PDF] Classical Dynamics
... classical mechanics handed down to us by Newton. We'll start with a single particle. A particle is defined to be an object of insignificant size. e.g. an ...
[10]
[PDF] Kinematics and Kinetics - UT Physics
The specifi- cation of these energy functions is the seed which generates the complete kinetics given the kinematics. In Lagrangian mechanics one starts with a ...
[11]
Newton Papers - Cambridge Digital Library
Cambridge University Library holds the largest and most important collection of the scientific works of Isaac Newton (1642-1727).
[12]
[PDF] Classical Mechanics 220 - UCLA Physics & Astronomy
Nov 9, 2015 · which Newton's equations are equivalent to the Euler-Lagrange equations. Its statement is that the solutions to the Euler-Lagrange equations ...
[13]
[PDF] Variational Principles in Classical Mechanics, Second Edition
Nov 24, 2018 · Variational Principles in Classical Mechanics, 2nd edition by Douglas Cline is licensed under a Creative. Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ...<|separator|>
[14]
4.3 Projectile Motion - University Physics Volume 1 | OpenStax
Sep 19, 2016 · Use one-dimensional motion in perpendicular directions to analyze projectile motion. Calculate the range, time of flight, and maximum height of ...
[15]
14: Chemical Kinetics - Chemistry LibreTexts
Apr 28, 2024 · Chemical kinetics is the study of reaction rates, the changes in the concentrations of reactants and products with time.14.1: Factors that Affect... · 14.2: Reaction Rates · 14.3: Concentration and Rate
[16]
12.4: Rate Laws - Chemistry LibreTexts
Oct 27, 2022 · Rate laws provide a mathematical description of how changes in the amount of a substance affect the rate of a chemical reaction.Example 12 . 4 . 1 : Writing... · Example 12 . 4 . 2... · Example 12 . 4 . 3...
[17]
6.2.3.1: Arrhenius Equation - Chemistry LibreTexts
Feb 13, 2024 · Recall that the exponential part of the Arrhenius equation expresses the fraction of reactant molecules that possess enough kinetic energy to ...Determining the Activation... · The Pre-exponential Factor · Implications
[18]
3.2.3: Rate Determining Step - Chemistry LibreTexts
Feb 12, 2023 · The rate determining step is the slowest step of a chemical reaction that determines the speed (rate) at which the overall reaction proceeds.Introduction · Example 3 . 2 . 3 . 1 · Example 3 . 2 . 3 . 2
[19]
4.3: Chain Reactions I - Chemistry LibreTexts
Feb 12, 2023 · Chain reactions involve repeating steps with chain carriers, often free radicals, and continue until reactants are exhausted. They can cause ...Mechanism of Chain Reactions · Chain Propagation Step · Chain Inhibition Steps
[20]
Chemical Kinetics: Integrated Rate Laws
The rate of reaction, r, is given by. r = –. d [A] d t. Suppose this reaction obeys a first-order rate law: r = k [A]. This rate law can then be written as. r ...
[21]
Explosion Dynamics Laboratory - Joseph Shepherd
Explosion dynamics is the study of the thermodynamic, chemical kinetics, fluid dynamics and solid mechanics associated with rapid combustion and shock waves.
[22]
Chemical Kinetics and Atmospheric Chemistry: Role of Data ...
This review deals with the development and application of chemical kinetics and photochemical databases for use in atmospheric modeling.
[23]
2.3: First-Order Reactions - Chemistry LibreTexts
Feb 12, 2023 · The integrated forms of the rate law can be used to find the population of reactant at any time after the start of the reaction. Plotting ...The Integral Representation · Half-lives of first order reactions
[24]
4.4: Collision Theory - Chemistry LibreTexts
Jun 5, 2019 · Collision theory explains why most reaction rates increase as concentrations increase. With an increase in the concentration of any reacting ...Activation Energy and the... · Key Equations
[25]
Enzymes: principles and biotechnological applications - PMC
As we shall see, enzyme activity is strongly influenced by pH, so it is important to set the pH at a specific value and keep it constant throughout the ...
[26]
Translation of the 1913 Michaelis–Menten Paper - ACS Publications
Sep 2, 2011 · In 1913 Leonor Michaelis and Maud Leonora Menten published their now classic paper, Die Kinetik der Invertinwerkung. (1) They studied invertase, ...Product Inhibition and the... · Computer Analysis · Supporting Information
[27]
The Determination of Enzyme Dissociation Constants
Article March 1, 1934. The Determination of Enzyme Dissociation Constants. Click to copy article linkArticle link copied! Hans Lineweaver · Dean Burk. ACS ...
[28]
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity - Worthington Biochemical
Factors affecting enzyme activity include temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of inhibitors or activators.
[29]
Assessment of Enzyme Inhibition: A Review with Examples from the ...
This review describes key principles and approaches for the reliable determination of enzyme activities and inhibition as well as some of the methods that are ...
[30]
Enzyme kinetics in drug metabolism: fundamentals and applications
In pharmaceutical sciences, the applications of enzyme kinetics range from hit finding efforts for new chemical entities on a pharmacological target to ...
[31]
Mechanistic enzymology in drug discovery: a fresh perspective
Dec 1, 2017 · While rare, enzyme inhibitors that operate by uncompetitive inhibition are ideal for disrupting enzyme targets within metabolic pathways ...
[32]
The ABCD of clinical pharmacokinetics - PMC - PubMed Central - NIH
ADME is the four-letter acronym for absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion that has described pharmacokinetics for 50 years.Missing: history | Show results with:history
[33]
What is pharmacokinetics? - Pharmaceutical Press
What is Pharmacokinetics? "Pharmacokinetics is the study of kinetics of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of drugs ... The definition of ...Missing: seminal | Show results with:seminal
[34]
Pharmacokinetics - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Pharmacokinetics is defined as the quantitative analysis of the processes of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination that determine the time course of ...Missing: history seminal
[35]
Chapter 1 Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics - NCBI - NIH
This concept is broadly termed as drug bioavailability. Figure 1.1. Pharmacodynamics: Drug and Receptor Binding. The bioavailability of drugs is an important ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[36]
[PDF] Useful Pharmacokinetic Equations - UF College of Pharmacy
Useful Pharmacokinetic Equations. Symbols. D = dose τ = dosing interval ... For One Compartment Body Model. If the dosing involves the use of I.V. bolus.Missing: primary source
[37]
Flip-flop pharmacokinetics – delivering a reversal of disposition
Flip-flop pharmacokinetics can be described as a mathematical behavior that is related to the structural identifiability of parameter values in a model ...
[38]
Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (PK) is defined as the quantitative study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)—i.e., the ways the body ...Missing: seminal | Show results with:seminal<|control11|><|separator|>
[39]
The Steps to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: A Structured Approach ...
Mar 2, 2020 · On treatment initiation, TDM would be useful to check whether the standard dosage ensures sufficient concentration coverage, and to increase the ...
[40]
From Therapeutic Drug Monitoring to Model‐Informed Precision ...
Feb 10, 2021 · Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) have evolved as important tools to inform rational dosing of antibiotics in ...
[41]
[PDF] 1 | Introduction to Kinesiology - Lemoore College
... kinesiology offers a variety of paths for the mind and body. Kinesiology is the scientific study of human body movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological ...
[42]
Exercise Science | Tiffin University
Kinesiology (EXS322) – The scientific study of human movement has been defined as Kinesiology, also known as human kinetics. This course will examine the ...
[43]
[PDF] Chapter 9: Biomechanics - DigitalCommons@UNO
Dec 14, 2016 · Kinematics investigates motion without reference to masses or forces. Kinetics investigates the actions of forces in producing or changing the ...
[44]
[PDF] Biomechanics of Human Gait - Slip and Fall Analysis
Note that by Newton's third law, the ground reaction forces exerted by the floor on the foot are equal and opposite to the forces exerted by the foot on the ...
[45]
Kinesiology vs. Biomechanics vs. Exercise Science
Sep 9, 2024 · Kinesiology is the scientific study of movement and the human body. It's a generally broad field that encompasses various disciplines related to how humans ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
[46]
Motion Labs - UR Medicine - University of Rochester
Electromyography (EMG): By measuring electrical activity, EMG provides information on muscle activation patterns during gait. Inertial Sensors: These devices, ...
[47]
Kinetics Germany GmbH - Company Profile and News
INDUSTRY. Industrial Products ; SUB-INDUSTRY. Machinery ; INCORPORATED. 04/20/1988 ; ADDRESS. Am Dillhof 5 Eschau-Hobbach, D-63863 Germany ; WEBSITE. www.kinetics.
[48]
https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/399684-70
[49]
Exyte acquires Kinetics Group to enhance global leadership in high ...
Apr 16, 2024 · Kinetics specializes in meeting the needs of the biopharma and semiconductor industries. The company's clients include globally operating ...
[50]
Most versatile solution provider for critical processes - kinetics.net
Kinetics Germany GmbH menu. close. search ... Since 1973, we have around 2,000 qualified employees who are located in more than 20 offices around the world.Missing: founded | Show results with:founded
[51]
Holistic solutions for the semiconductor industry - kinetics.net
KINETICS has installed process and supply systems in more than 150 manufacturing facilities for 50 of the world's largest semiconductor manufacturers. One of ...Missing: firm | Show results with:firm
[52]
The most versatile solution provider for critical processes | KINETICS
KINETICS offers all steps of the value chain for critical processes, including engineering, production, and facility management, from a single source.Careers · Locations · KINETICS Group & Brands · Get in contact with us
[53]
Exyte completes transaction to acquire Kinetics
Oct 16, 2024 · Exyte acquired Kinetics on October 15, 2024, strengthening its capabilities and expanding service offerings, including technical facility ...Missing: firm | Show results with:firm
[54]
Kinetics Noise Control
Kinetics Noise Control, Inc. was established in 1958 as industrial consultants focused on controlling sound and vibration. Kinetics now produces the industry's ...Products · Find Your Rep · Vibration Isolation · Noise Control CurtainsMissing: history | Show results with:history
[55]
Kinetics Noise Control 2025 Company Profile - PitchBook
Kinetics Noise Control was founded in 1958. Where is Kinetics Noise Control headquartered? Kinetics Noise Control is headquartered in Dublin, OH. What is the ...
[56]
Noise and Vibration Control Products | Manufacturer
Vibration Isolation, Seismic and Wind Restraint, Building Acoustics, Room Acoustics, Industrial & Environmental, Commercial Airflow Attenuation, Home and Home ...Missing: lines | Show results with:lines
[57]
NOISEBLOCK™ Acoustic Enclosures - Kinetics Noise Control
NOISEBLOCK™ acoustic enclosures offer typical noise reductions of 20-35 dBA. Special custom systems incorporating heavier (thicker gage) panel shell, thicker ...
[58]
MetaWrx® - Kinetics Noise Control | Manufacturer
MetaWrx is a technological leap in the formulation of floor isolation: engineered to dramatically reduce structure-borne vibration and shock energy ...
[59]
Solutions for Healthcare Facilities - Kinetics Noise Control
Vibration Isolation, Noise Control and Seismic Restraint Solutions for Healthcare Facilities.
[60]
Data Center Noise Solutions | Manufacturer - Kinetics Noise Control
Products like acoustic louvers, chiller stacks, barrier walls, ventilation silencers, and sound absorbers play a crucial role in solving data center noise ...Missing: hospitals | Show results with:hospitals
[61]
Sound Treatment | Home and Home Theater - Kinetics Noise Control
Kinetics' sound treatments are engineered to make your home sound like it should. Whether designing a perfectly tuned home theater or trying to tame the echo ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[62]
[PDF] kinetics-noise-control.pdf
APPLICATIONS. • Air handling units. • Fans. • Pumps ... • In-plant offices/control rooms. • Oil & gas midstream compression operations. • Power generation.<|control11|><|separator|>
[63]
The Stephens Group Acquires Kinetics Noise Control - Business Wire
Jan 21, 2020 · The Stephens Group, LLC (The Stephens Group) announced today that it finalized its acquisition of Kinetics Noise Control, Inc. (Kinetics or the Company).<|control11|><|separator|>
[64]
Kinetics Noise Control Launches Industry-First DECLARE Red List ...
Jun 5, 2025 · Catalyst Acoustics Group is the parent company of an elite group of acoustic, seismic, vibration and noise control companies that together, ...
[65]
Kinetics Noise Control | LinkedIn
Established in 1958 as industrial consultants focused on controlling sound and vibration, Kinetics ... Company size: 201-500 employees. Headquarters: Dublin ...Missing: founding | Show results with:founding
[66]
Company Business - Company Biography - Kinetics Industries
Kinetics Industries was founded in 1939 to service power systems and industrial motor needs of the region's heavy industrial customers. In the early 1960s, ...
[67]
Manufacturing Capabilities - Kinetics Industries, Inc.
Kinetics Industries is able to design and manufacture power systems to a customer's application requirements at competitive pricing with prompt deliveries.
[68]
Power Conversion Solutions - Kinetics Industries, Inc.
Kinetics Industries, established in 1939, designs and manufactures industrial, commercial, utility and military application power conversions products.Crane Rectifiers · Telephone & Email Contacts · Field Excitation Systems...Missing: winding machinery
[69]
https://www.vibe.com/music/music-news/v-premiere-kinetics-one-love-still-dreamin-feat-termanology-107698/
[70]
Kinetics Industries - Company Profile and Products - Metoree
It serves various industries reliant on motor-driven production, including automotive, mining, flooring material manufacturing, pulp and paper mills, traction ...
[71]
Brush Type Synchronous Motor Systems Manufacturer - Kinetics
Let Kinetics Industries be your single source for complete integrated excitation systems, brush type synchronous motors, and contactor applied field packages.Missing: winding machinery
[72]
Kinetics Industries Benefits from Their ISO 9001 Certification Journey
Kinetics Industries Inc. has been in operation since 1939. This Trenton, NJ-based manufacturer is a leader in producing highly reliable and durable SCR ...
[73]
INTERVIEW: Kinetics & One Love – “Airplanes” Songwriters/10000th ...
Sep 23, 2010 · Jeremy Dussolliet, a songwriter and rapper, self-titled as “Kinetics” (K: “Kinetic energy is the energy of motion…I'm just trying to make ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[74]
KineticsMusic - Facebook
Kinetics & One Love are a songwriting duo and hip- hop group from NYC best known for penning the chorus to B.o.B's Grammy nominated, platinum "Airplanes." 󱙶.<|control11|><|separator|>
[75]
Awards - B.o.B. - IMDb
B.o.B. at an event for Peeples (2013). 2011 Nominee Grammy. Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. For the song "Airplanes, Part II." Shared with: Eminem · Hayley ...
[76]
V Premiere! Kinetics & One Love “Still Dreamin” (Feat. Termanology)
Aug 16, 2012 · Kinetics recently released a mixtape entitled “With A Little Help From My Friends,” also featuring Nitty Scott, Chris Webby and hip-hop legends ...
[77]
Kinetics – Top Songs as Writer – Music VF, US & UK hit charts
Songs Written by Kinetics - Top Songs / Chart Singles Discography - #1: Airplanes by B.o.B - #2: Most Girls by Hailee Steinfeld - #3: Nice to Know You by ...Missing: albums | Show results with:albums
[78]
Kinetics | Spotify
Popular releases ; You Are Not Alone2012 • Album ; Belief (feat. Kinetics & One Love, Dylan Owen & Benefit)2017 • Album ; Hurt Enough2021 • Album ; Time Machine ( ...Missing: solo | Show results with:solo
[79]
Kinetics (@kineticsmusic) • Instagram photos and videos
Introducing Colette Isabelle Frances Dussolliet (aka Coco), born August 4, 2025 at exactly 1:00 pm, just as our playlist switched from Stevie Wonder's ...
[80]
Kinetics & One Love lineup, biography - Last.fm
Apr 13, 2010 · Kinetics & One Love, a hip-hop/electronic duo from NYC, are revitalizing underground hip-hop and reinventing standards for dance and pop music.Missing: formation notable achievements
[81]
2024 ASCAP Pop Music Awards
May 8, 2024 · On May 8, the ASCAP family gathered in celebration of our 2024 ASCAP Pop Music Awards winners – the songwriters, producers and publishers of the biggest hits ...Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
[82]
Kinetics & One Love - Spotify
Sign Language (feat. Wynter Gordon). 2,957,799 ; Still Dreamin' (feat. Termanology). 1,118,761 ; I Am A Computer. 753,273 ; In My Own World (feat. Yung Joey).Missing: streams collaborations
[83]
https://www.instagram.com/kineticsmusic/
[84]
[PDF] FastPath™ 4 - Bitsavers.org
the Kinetics Internet Protocol (KIP) as of April, 1988. This is compatible ... use devices in any zone of an AppleTalk network or AppleTalk services ...
[85]
[PDF] TA35733 System 7.5, Version 7.5.3: Open Transp Tech Information
MacIP, sometimes also referred to as KIP (Kinetics Internet Protocol), is a protocol specification developed as a method for carrying TCP/IP traffic on ...
[86]
RFC 1243 - AppleTalk Management Information Base
The Kinetics Internet Protocol Group The Kinetics Internet Protocol (KIP) is a protocol for encapsulating and routing AppleTalk datagrams over an IP internet.
[87]
NASCAR Kinetics: Marketing in Motion - Frontstretch
Apr 8, 2011 · NASCAR Kinetics: Marketing in Motion is available each fall and spring semester and a maximum of five students are chosen from each ...
[88]
NASCAR Program Offers Students a Chance to Excel in Marketing ...
Mar 26, 2012 · “The NASCAR Kinetics program offers High Point University students the chance to get directly involved in providing solutions to the most ...
[89]
NASCAR Kinetics - Wikipedia
NASCAR Kinetics: Marketing in Motion was established in 2009 with the mission of connecting college students nationwide to NASCAR.