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DDS

The Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) is a professional doctoral degree awarded to individuals who complete an accredited program of study in dentistry, typically spanning four years of graduate-level education following prerequisite undergraduate coursework in sciences such as biology, chemistry, and physics.^[1]^[2] The degree equips recipients with the knowledge and clinical skills necessary to diagnose, prevent, and treat disorders of the teeth, gums, and related oral structures, including restorative procedures, extractions, and basic oral surgeries.^[1] Equivalent in scope and rigor to the Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) degree, the DDS designation reflects historical nomenclature preferences of individual dental schools rather than substantive differences in curriculum, training, or professional qualifications; both prepare graduates for licensure exams and general practice.^[3]^[4] DDS programs emphasize a blend of biomedical sciences, preclinical simulations, and supervised patient care, culminating in competency in areas like endodontics, periodontics, and prosthodontics.^[5]^[6] Originating in the United States during the mid-19th century amid efforts to formalize dentistry as a distinct profession separate from barber-surgeons and general medicine, the DDS marked the shift toward structured academic training, with early schools like the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery establishing the model for evidence-based oral health education.^[7] Defining characteristics include mandatory accreditation by bodies such as the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA), rigorous admissions based on academic performance, DAT scores, and interviews, and a focus on ethical practice amid ongoing debates over expanding scopes like cosmetic procedures versus core preventive care.^[8]^[9] While the degree has enabled advancements in public oral health through standardized training, it has faced scrutiny for high educational costs and varying state licensure reciprocity, underscoring tensions between professional autonomy and regulatory oversight.^[10]

Professional Degrees

Doctor of Dental Surgery

The Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) is a professional doctoral degree awarded to graduates of accredited dental schools in the United States and select other countries, qualifying them to pursue licensure for the practice of general dentistry. The program typically spans four years following a bachelor's degree and emphasizes biomedical sciences, clinical skills, and patient management to address oral health conditions including caries, periodontal disease, and malocclusion. Holders of the DDS must complete national and state examinations to obtain a license, as the degree alone does not confer legal authority to practice.^[11]^[12] The DDS originated in the United States as dentistry transitioned from apprenticeship-based training to formalized university education in the mid-19th century, with the first dedicated dental colleges establishing structured curricula separate from medical schools. By the late 1800s, programs awarded the DDS to signify competency in surgical aspects of oral care, reflecting dentistry's roots in operative procedures rather than purely medical paradigms. This degree nomenclature persists alongside the Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD), introduced later at Harvard in 1867, but both represent identical educational standards and professional qualifications, with no substantive differences in training or scope of practice.^[13]^[3] Admission to DDS programs requires a bachelor's degree from an accredited institution, completion of prerequisite coursework in sciences such as biology, general and organic chemistry, physics, and anatomy, and strong performance on the Dental Admission Test (DAT). Most programs mandate at least 90 semester hours of undergraduate credit, though a full bachelor's is standard, with average DAT scores for matriculants around 20-21 out of 30 as of recent cycles. Curricula integrate foundational sciences like microbiology, pathology, and pharmacology in the initial years, transitioning to preclinical simulations (e.g., mannequin-based restorations and prosthetics) and extensive clinical rotations in years three and four, where students treat patients under supervision to achieve competencies in diagnosis, operative dentistry, endodontics, and oral surgery. Programs accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) ensure uniformity, with approximately 66 U.S. schools offering DDS or equivalent DMD tracks as of 2023.^[14]^[15]^[2] Upon earning the DDS, graduates must pass the Integrated National Board Dental Examination (INBDE), a comprehensive written assessment of biomedical, clinical, and behavioral sciences, to meet federal portability standards under the Interstate Commission framework. State licensure further requires clinical proficiency demonstrations, often via live-patient or mannequin exams administered by bodies like the American Board of Dental Examiners, or completion of a one-year postgraduate residency in states such as New York. As of 2023, all states mandate CODA-accredited DDS/DMD graduation plus these exams, with renewal involving continuing education credits to maintain evidence-based practice standards. Advanced training via residencies or specialties (e.g., orthodontics) follows for those seeking narrower expertise, but general practice licensure stems directly from the DDS foundation.^[16]^[12]^[17]

Engineering and Technology

Direct Digital Synthesis

Direct digital synthesis (DDS) is a technique for generating precise analog waveforms, typically sine waves, by digitally computing the waveform samples and converting them to analog via a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).^[18] The core process involves a phase accumulator that increments by a tuning word at the reference clock rate, producing a phase ramp whose most significant bits address a sine lookup table to yield amplitude values.^[19] These digital samples are then filtered post-DAC to remove clock harmonics, yielding a clean analog output.^[18] The output frequency in a basic DDS system is determined by the formula f_{out} = \frac{M \cdot f_{clk}}{2^N}, where M is the frequency tuning word, f_{clk} is the system clock frequency, and N is the number of bits in the phase accumulator.^[19] This allows fine frequency resolution proportional to f_{clk}/2^N, enabling sub-Hertz steps with high clock rates and large N.^[20] Phase and amplitude control are achieved by adding offsets to the accumulator or lookup table outputs, respectively, supporting modulation schemes like frequency-shift keying (FSK) or phase-shift keying (PSK).^[18] DDS offers advantages over analog synthesis methods, including rapid frequency switching (limited only by clock rate and settling time), excellent frequency agility without mechanical components, and inherent digital stability against temperature and aging effects.^[21] However, limitations include spurious signals from DAC glitches and clock feedthrough, which require careful filtering and dithering techniques for mitigation, as well as a maximum output frequency typically below half the clock rate due to Nyquist constraints.^[18] Modern DDS integrated circuits, such as those from Analog Devices, incorporate features like phase-locked loops (PLLs) to multiply the reference clock, extending usable output frequencies into the GHz range while maintaining low phase noise.^[22] The concept of direct digital frequency synthesis was first proposed by J. Tierney, C. Rader, and B. Gold in a 1971 paper, leveraging early digital computing for waveform generation.^[23] Practical adoption accelerated in the 1980s and 1990s with advances in VLSI technology, enabling compact, low-power implementations for commercial signal generators and synthesizers.^[21] Applications of DDS span communications as local oscillators and modulators, test and measurement equipment for arbitrary waveform generation, radar systems for agile signal sources, and audio synthesis for precise tone production.^[24] In software-defined radio, DDS facilitates dynamic spectrum agility, while in biomedical devices, it supports ultrasound signal generation with high purity.^[25] Emerging uses include 5G/6G base stations for beamforming and phased arrays, where DDS's digital precision aids in multi-channel synchronization.^[26]

Data Distribution Service

The Data Distribution Service (DDS) is an open middleware standard developed by the Object Management Group (OMG) for enabling scalable, real-time data exchange in distributed systems via a data-centric publish-subscribe model.^[27] This architecture decouples data producers (publishers) from consumers (subscribers) by focusing on typed data topics rather than specific endpoints, allowing applications to declare interest in data content without direct knowledge of sender or receiver identities.^[28] DDS supports configurable Quality of Service (QoS) policies—such as reliability, durability, latency budgets, and deadlines—that enable fine-tuned control over data delivery, making it suitable for mission-critical environments where predictability and fault tolerance are paramount.^[29] DDS employs a global data space abstraction, where data instances are identified by keys and managed through discovery mechanisms that automatically propagate participant and topic information across the network using UDP or other transports.^[27] Core entities include DataWriters for publishing updates, DataReaders for subscribing to them, and Topics defining data schemas with built-in support for content filtering and history management to handle transient failures or varying network conditions.^[30] Unlike traditional message-oriented middleware, DDS prioritizes data state over event notifications, ensuring subscribers receive coherent views of shared data even upon late joins, which enhances interoperability in heterogeneous systems spanning multiple programming languages, operating systems, and hardware platforms.^[31] Development of the DDS specification began in 2001 as a response to demands from defense and aerospace sectors for standardized data distribution in complex, real-time applications.^[27] The initial version was submitted to OMG in 2003 and formally adopted in 2004, with subsequent revisions including version 1.2 in 2007 for enhanced interoperability and version 1.4 in 2015 incorporating security extensions via the DDS Security specification. The standard has evolved through contributions from vendors and users, emphasizing backward compatibility and extensibility, such as integration with the Real-time Publish-Subscribe (RTPS) wire protocol for low-latency, deterministic communication.^[29] Key applications of DDS include aerospace systems for sensor fusion and command dissemination, as in unmanned aerial vehicles; defense networks for tactical data links; and autonomous vehicles requiring high-frequency sensor data sharing across ECUs.^[30] It is also deployed in medical imaging for real-time diagnostic equipment synchronization, power grid management for fault detection, and industrial automation for scalable IoT connectivity, where its plug-and-play discovery reduces deployment complexity in dynamic environments.^[28] Commercial implementations from vendors like RTI Connext and Twin Oaks CoreDX provide DDS-compliant APIs in languages such as C++, Java, and Python, supporting deployments on embedded devices up to cloud-scale clusters with throughput exceeding millions of updates per second under constrained bandwidth.^[30]

Organizations and Movements

Governmental Departments

The Disability Determination Services (DDS) are state-level agencies in the United States, fully funded by the federal government through the Social Security Administration (SSA), responsible for conducting initial medical evaluations and determinations of disability eligibility for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) claims.^[32] These agencies operate in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories, employing medical and vocational experts to review evidence such as medical records, consultative examinations, and claimant statements, with decisions typically issued within 3-5 months of application.^[32] DDS decisions can be appealed through SSA's administrative review process, including reconsideration, hearings by administrative law judges, and further federal court review.^[32] Several U.S. states maintain Departments of Developmental Services (DDS) focused on providing community-based supports, residential programs, and employment services for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including autism spectrum disorders. For instance, California's DDS, established under state law, oversees regional centers that coordinate individualized service plans for approximately 400,000 eligible consumers as of 2023, with an annual budget exceeding $10 billion allocated to vendor contracts and direct supports.^[33] Similarly, Massachusetts' DDS, created by Chapter 19B of the General Laws in 1986, serves over 30,000 individuals through day programs, family support grants, and group homes, emphasizing deinstitutionalization since the closure of facilities like the Fernald State School in the 2010s.^[34] Connecticut's DDS partners with families and providers to deliver habilitation services under a 2012 Olmstead consent decree aimed at reducing institutional reliance.^[35] The Georgia Department of Driver Services (DDS), formed on July 1, 2005, by consolidating functions from the former Department of Motor Vehicle Safety, administers driver's licensing, identification cards, and road test examinations for over 8 million licensed drivers, enforcing state laws on vehicle registration and traffic safety.^[36] It processes more than 1 million license transactions annually and maintains a database integrated with federal REAL ID compliance standards since 2012.^[37] At the federal level, the Defense Digital Service (DDS), established in 2015 within the U.S. Department of Defense, deploys teams of technologists to modernize IT systems, enhance cybersecurity, and integrate artificial intelligence for mission-critical applications, reporting to the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office as of 2022.^[38] The District of Columbia's Department on Disability Services (DDS) coordinates rehabilitation, supported employment, and independent living programs across two administrations for residents with physical and developmental disabilities.^[39]

Political Groups

Diehard Duterte Supporters (DDS) refers to an informal, grassroots political movement in the Philippines dedicated to Rodrigo Duterte, who served as president from June 30, 2016, to June 30, 2022. The group emerged prominently during Duterte's 2016 presidential campaign, where supporters self-identified under the DDS label to rally behind his anti-corruption, tough-on-crime platform, contributing to his victory with over 16 million votes, the largest mandate in Philippine presidential history at the time. DDS adherents, often from working-class and rural backgrounds, emphasized Duterte's direct governance style and rejection of elite-dominated politics, framing their loyalty as a counter to perceived liberal establishment bias in media and institutions.^[40] The acronym DDS originally denoted the Davao Death Squad, a vigilante group accused of extrajudicial killings in Davao City during Duterte's tenure as mayor from 1988 to 2016, with human rights organizations estimating hundreds of deaths linked to such operations targeting suspected criminals. Supporters later reclaimed and reinterpreted DDS as "Diehard Duterte Supporters" to distance it from violent connotations and highlight ideological commitment, a shift evident in online campaigns and rallies by 2016. This rebranding facilitated mobilization, including social media amplification and troll networks accused of harassing critics, though Duterte allies described these as organic defenses against opposition disinformation. Empirical data from the 2016 election showed DDS-driven voter turnout in Mindanao exceeding national averages by 10-15 percentage points in Duterte strongholds.^[41]^[40] Post-2016, DDS influenced policy advocacy for Duterte's drug war, which official data reported resulted in over 6,000 deaths by police operations alone between 2016 and 2022, though supporters argued these figures reflected necessary deterrence against narcotics syndicates amid prior crime surges. The movement extended support to Duterte's daughter Sara in her 2022 vice-presidential win, securing her 33 million votes, but fractured amid 2024-2025 alliances with the Marcos administration, prompting DDS calls for "people power" protests against perceived betrayals. Critics from human rights groups and outlets like the Philippine Daily Inquirer, often aligned with anti-Duterte factions, label DDS as enabling authoritarian tendencies, while independent analyses attribute its persistence to causal factors like economic disenfranchisement and distrust in pre-Duterte governance failures, evidenced by persistent approval ratings for Duterte above 70% in 2022 SWS polls despite controversies.^[42]^[43] DDS operates without formal structure, relying on decentralized networks via platforms like Facebook and Telegram, with estimates of active online participants in the millions based on hashtag trends during key events, such as #Duterte2028 pushes in 2025. Its role underscores populist dynamics in Philippine politics, where loyalty transcends party lines—DDS backed Duterte's PDP-Laban affiliation but prioritized personal fealty over ideology. While mainstream sources decry DDS for toxicity, including doxxing incidents documented in 2021 Commission on Elections reports, causal realism points to reciprocal escalation from opposition "Dilawan" networks, fostering polarized echo chambers that sustained Duterte's 2019 midterm congressional dominance with 9 of 12 Senate seats allied to him.^[40]

Private Entities

Die-hard Duterte Supporters (DDS) denotes the dedicated cadre of individuals backing Rodrigo Duterte, who served as President of the Philippines from June 30, 2016, to June 30, 2022. The label, self-adopted by proponents, emerged prominently during his 2016 campaign and presidency, encompassing grassroots activists, social media users, and rally attendees who championed his tough-on-crime stance, including the anti-drug campaign that official data attributes to over 6,000 deaths by police action as of 2018, with higher estimates from human rights groups exceeding 20,000 total fatalities.^[44]^[45]^[46] This informal network operates independently of formal political parties, mobilizing through platforms like Facebook groups and public demonstrations to counter opposition narratives and promote Duterte-aligned candidates, such as in the 2022 national elections where Sara Duterte secured the vice presidency with 61.11% of the vote amid alliance with Ferdinand Marcos Jr. DDS activities include amplifying defenses of Duterte's governance, which reduced crime rates in surveyed areas like Metro Manila by up to 30% in early years per Philippine National Police reports, while critics in outlets like Politico and the Washington Post—potentially influenced by institutional biases favoring human rights frameworks over security outcomes—label them as trolls propagating disinformation.^[47]^[44]^[45] The acronym DDS traces roots to the Davao Death Squad, an alleged vigilante outfit in Davao City during Duterte's multiple mayoral terms (1988–1998, 2001–2010, 2013–2016), implicated in extrajudicial executions of suspected criminals numbering in the hundreds according to human rights investigations, though Duterte has denied operational ties, attributing actions to community self-policing amid rising crime in the 1990s. Supporters repurposed the term defiantly post-2016, transforming a stigmatized reference into a badge of unyielding loyalty, with sustained activity evident in 2025 rallies drawing tens of thousands for Duterte's birthday events.^[48]^[49]

Other Uses

Scientific and Medical Applications

Drug delivery systems (DDS) refer to formulations and technologies designed to transport pharmaceutical compounds to targeted sites within the body, optimizing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects and improving pharmacokinetic profiles. These systems address limitations of conventional dosage forms, such as poor bioavailability, rapid clearance, and non-specific distribution, by enabling controlled, sustained, or site-specific release. DDS have evolved from simple encapsulation methods to sophisticated nanocarrier-based platforms, with applications spanning oncology, chronic disease management, and vaccine delivery.^[50]^[51] The historical development of DDS traces back to the mid-20th century, with early innovations focusing on sustained-release oral formulations in the 1950s and 1960s, followed by the introduction of transdermal patches in the 1970s and implantable devices in the 1980s. A pivotal advancement occurred in 1974 with the FDA approval of the Alza Corporation's Ocusert, an ocular insert for pilocarpine delivery, marking one of the first commercial controlled-release systems. By the 1990s, polymer-based matrices and liposomes gained prominence, paving the way for targeted therapies; for instance, Doxil (liposomal doxorubicin) was approved in 1995 for Kaposi's sarcoma, demonstrating reduced cardiotoxicity compared to free doxorubicin. Over the past two decades, nanotechnology integration has accelerated progress, with DDS now incorporating stimuli-responsive materials that release drugs in response to pH, temperature, or enzymes at disease sites.^[52]^[53] Common types of DDS include oral systems like osmotic pumps and gastroretentive devices, which prolong gastric residence for drugs with narrow absorption windows; transdermal patches, such as those delivering nicotine or fentanyl for steady plasma levels; injectable microspheres for depot formulations, exemplified by Lupron Depot for prostate cancer; and inhalation aerosols for pulmonary delivery in conditions like asthma. Nanoparticle-based DDS, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, and dendrimers, enhance solubility and enable active targeting via ligands like antibodies, as seen in Abraxane (albumin-bound paclitaxel), approved in 2005 for breast cancer, which improved response rates over solvent-based formulations in clinical trials. Implantable systems, such as the Norplant contraceptive (discontinued but influential), provide zero-order kinetics for long-term release. Each type is selected based on drug properties, route of administration, and patient compliance needs, with biocompatibility and biodegradability critical for minimizing immune responses.^[54]^[55] In medical applications, DDS have revolutionized cancer therapy by facilitating tumor-specific accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention effect, reducing systemic toxicity; for example, nanoparticle DDS loaded with chemotherapeutics like paclitaxel have shown up to 50% higher tumor uptake in preclinical models compared to free drugs. In neurodegenerative diseases, blood-brain barrier-crossing nanocarriers deliver agents like levodopa for Parkinson's, potentially extending therapeutic windows. Antimicrobial DDS, such as antibiotic-eluting implants, combat biofilm-associated infections in orthopedics, with studies reporting 80-90% reduction in relapse rates post-surgery. Vaccine DDS using lipid nanoparticles, as in the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine approved in December 2020, encapsulate mRNA for efficient cellular uptake and immunogenicity without adjuvants. Challenges persist, including scalability of nanomanufacturing and long-term safety, but DDS continue to expand therapeutic options, with over 50 FDA-approved nanotechnology-based products by 2023.^[50]^[53]^[56] Scientific research in DDS emphasizes precision engineering, such as "smart" systems responsive to biomarkers for personalized medicine; for instance, pH-sensitive polymeric DDS release payloads in acidic tumor microenvironments (pH 6.5-6.8) versus neutral physiological conditions (pH 7.4), achieving 3-5 fold higher local concentrations in vitro. Gene and cell therapy applications leverage viral-mimetic nanoparticles for CRISPR delivery, overcoming immunogenicity issues of adenoviral vectors. Future directions include hybrid DDS combining diagnostics and therapy (theranostics), with magnetic resonance imaging-guided iron oxide nanoparticles demonstrating dual imaging and hyperthermia in glioblastoma models, yielding median survival extensions of 20-30% in rodent studies. Rigorous preclinical validation, including biodistribution via radiolabeling and efficacy in orthotopic models, underpins translation, though off-target effects and regulatory hurdles like those under FDA's 505(b)(2) pathway remain focal points.^[57]^[58]

Miscellaneous Acronyms

In telecommunications, Digital Data Service (DDS) designates a dedicated, synchronous leased-line service providing point-to-point data transmission at speeds from 2.4 kbit/s to 56 kbit/s over twisted-pair copper facilities, employing alternate mark inversion encoding for error detection. Offered by AT&T and other carriers starting in the late 1970s, it utilized fractional T1/DS1 channels (DS0 slices) to deliver consistent performance for early data networking, contrasting with analog services by guaranteeing bandwidth and bit error rates below 10^{-6}.^[59] In computer data storage, Digital Data Storage (DDS) refers to a sequential-access magnetic tape format derived from Digital Audio Tape (DAT) cassettes, standardized in 1989 by Hewlett-Packard, Sony, and Digital Equipment Corporation for reliable backup and archival of digital files. Employing helical-scan recording on 4 mm-wide tapes housed in cartridges measuring 73 mm × 54 mm × 11 mm, initial DDS-1 drives achieved uncompressed capacities of 2 GB at transfer rates up to 500 KB/s, with subsequent generations like DDS-3 (1996) reaching 12 GB native and DDS-5 (2003) supporting 36 GB, before obsolescence by higher-density alternatives like LTO.^[60] In software engineering and compiler theory, Data Dependence Subgraph (DDS) constitutes the subgraph of a program dependence graph (PDG) comprising solely data dependency edges, which model flow, anti-, and output dependencies among program statements to facilitate analyses such as optimization, parallelization, and plagiarism detection. Extracted via data-flow algorithms on control dependence subgraphs, DDS enables quantitative similarity metrics in tools like SimilaR for R code, where edge labels denote variable usage and vertex labels capture syntactic elements, supporting applications in code clone identification with precision exceeding lexical methods.^[61] In pharmacology, DDS abbreviates diaminodiphenylsulfone, the chemical nomenclature for dapsone (C_{12}H_{12}N_2O_2S), a sulfone derivative synthesized in 1908 and clinically deployed as an antimicrobial since the 1940s for multibacillary leprosy via inhibition of folate synthesis in Mycobacterium leprae. Administered orally at 100 mg daily in multidrug regimens per WHO guidelines, it also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through neutrophil inhibition, though hemolysis risks necessitate G6PD screening; its dual mechanism underpins off-label uses in conditions like Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis at 50-100 mg/day.^[62]

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[47]
The DDS, Kakampinks, and Loyalists: A caution on groupism
Jul 15, 2025 · The 2022 Philippine elections reaffirmed the popularity of the Duterte and Marcos clans. However, it also showed the strength of then-Vice ...
[48]
Rodrigo Duterte's Autocratic Regime and Democratic Erosion in the ...
May 14, 2022 · ... die-hard Duterte supporters who were sometimes referred to as DDS, the same acronym assigned to the Davao Death Squad; a vigilante group ...
[49]
die-hard Duterte supporters (DDS) - POLITIKO
die-hard Duterte supporters (DDS). 300,000 strong kami! Bato dela Rosa scoffs at PNP's crowd estimate of Davao birthday rally for Duterte. March 31, 2025 ...
[50]
Advances in drug delivery systems, challenges and future directions
Over the past few decades, DDS have been applied effectively in the treatment of diseases and improvement of health due to increased systemic circulation and ...
[51]
Drug Delivery System - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Drug delivery system (DDS) refers to the different forms of drug delivery for various therapeutic drugs used in the process of disease control. They are ...
[52]
Historical Introduction to the Field of Controlled Drug Delivery
May 8, 2017 · This chapter presents a historical overview of the field of controlled drug delivery, describing how it grew in the past 60 years from a very small field.
[53]
Drug delivery systems: Advanced technologies potentially ...
The first part provides an overview on currently available drug delivery technologies including a brief history on the development of these systems and some of ...
[54]
[PDF] Advances in Drug Delivery Systems: A Mini-Review
Next, the mini- review focuses on the various types of DDS, including oral, transdermal, injectable, inhalation, and implantable delivery systems. Each system ...<|separator|>
[55]
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy - PMC
Drug delivery system (DDS) has been used clinically and pre-clinically to deliver therapeutic substances for disease treatment [1]. Conventional DDS is ...
[56]
The Smart Drug Delivery System and Its Clinical Potential - PubMed
Jun 7, 2016 · The Smart Drug Delivery System and Its Clinical Potential ... Keywords: Biomaterials; Controlled release; Drug delivery system (DDS); Nanomedicine ...
[57]
The Smart Drug Delivery System and Its Clinical Potential - PMC - NIH
Wang's group developed a novel drug delivery system that tethers DOX modified onto the surface of AuNPs (DOX-Hyd@AuNPs) with a PEG spacer via an acid-labile ...
[58]
Controlled Drug Delivery Systems: Current Status and Future ...
This is the drug delivery system in which a constant level of a drug is maintained in blood and tissue for an extended period. Pharmacokinetics (PK) curves of ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[59]
Digital Data Service (DDS) - NETWORK ENCYCLOPEDIA
Nov 11, 2023 · Digital Data Service is a family of leased line data communication technologies that provides a dedicated synchronous transmission connection at speeds of 56 ...
[60]
Digital Data Storage (DDS) - DAT-320
Digital Data Storage (DDS) is a magnetic tape storage format that is used to store and back up computer data on tapes derived from Digital Audio Tape (DAT) ...
[61]
[PDF] SimilaR: R Code Clone and Plagiarism Detection
A spanning subgraph of a PDG that consists solely of the data dependency edges is called a Data Dependence Subgraph (DDS). Hence, a PDG of a function F() is ...
[62]
A comprehensive insight into the anti-inflammatory properties of ...
The 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), also known as dapsone, is traditionally used as a potent anti-bacterial agent in clinical management of leprosy.