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Devilfish

The devilfish (Mobula mobular), also known as the spinetail devil ray or giant devil ray, is a large species of eagle ray in the family Mobulidae, characterized by its flattened, diamond-shaped body disc formed by greatly expanded pectoral fins and a distinctive long, whip-like tail bearing a low serrated spine near the base.^[1] This circumglobal species inhabits tropical and subtropical marine waters, primarily in epipelagic and pelagic-neritic zones over continental shelves and near oceanic islands, at depths ranging from the surface to 700 meters, though it is most commonly observed in the upper 200 meters.^[1] It is often encountered singly or in loose aggregations, and is known for spectacular breaching behaviors where individuals propel themselves entirely out of the water, potentially as a means of parasite removal or communication.^[2] The devilfish feeds mainly on small planktonic organisms, including euphausiids (such as Nictiphanes simplex), copepods, and crustacean larvae, as well as occasional small pelagic fishes, which it captures by filtering water through its mouth using specialized cephalic lobes extended from the sides of its head.^[1] Reproductively, the devilfish is ovoviviparous, with females giving birth to a single large pup per litter after a gestation period of approximately 12 months; newborns measure 85–92 cm in disc width at birth, and sexual maturity is reached at around 204–218 cm disc width.^[1] Adults can grow to a maximum disc width of 350 cm (though records up to 520 cm exist) and weigh up to 1.5 tons, making it one of the largest ray species globally.^[1] The species faces severe threats from targeted fisheries for its gill rakers—used in traditional Asian medicine—and widespread bycatch in industrial tuna and swordfish gillnet and purse seine fisheries, leading to high mortality rates due to its low reproductive output and slow population growth.^[3] As a result, the devilfish was assessed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List in 2019 but was uplisted to Critically Endangered in the October 2025 update, reflecting ongoing population declines of over 50% in many regions over the past three generations.^[4] Conservation efforts include international protections under CITES Appendix II effective from April 2017^[5] and regional fishing bans, though enforcement remains challenging across its vast range. Note that the common name "devilfish" has historically been applied to other large rays, such as the manta ray (Mobula birostris), as well as certain octopuses due to their eerie appearance, but in contemporary marine biology, it most specifically denotes M. mobular.^[6]

Etymology and Terminology

Origins of the Name

The term "devilfish" is a compound English word derived from "devil," referring to a malevolent supernatural being, and "fish," denoting aquatic animals, first emerging in the early 18th century within nautical literature and early natural histories to describe large, unsettling marine creatures that inspired dread among seafarers.^[7] This etymological combination reflected the era's tendency to anthropomorphize oceanic phenomena with demonic connotations, particularly for species exhibiting unusual or intimidating features.^[8] The earliest documented use of "devilfish" dates to 1709, appearing in English texts to designate rays, especially those with prominent, horn-like cephalic fins that evoked imagery of infernal horns.^[8] A notable early account comes from John Lawson's 1714 A New Voyage to Carolina, where he describes the "devil-fish" as a ray-like creature with peculiar protrusions, noting its alarming appearance to coastal observers in the American colonies.^[9] By the 19th century, whaling logs extended the term to gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus), dubbed "devil fish" for their fierce, aggressive responses to harpooning, including charges against boats that endangered hunters.^[10] Similarly, the name was applied to giant squid and other cephalopods in maritime narratives, such as 19th-century accounts of ink-ejecting encounters that reinforced perceptions of these animals as diabolical.^[11] The appellation arose from specific physical and behavioral traits that colonial sailors and naturalists likened to demonic attributes: the cephalic fins of rays resembling devil's horns, venomous spines on certain elasmobranchs capable of inflicting painful stings, and the inky expulsions of cephalopods mimicking hellish smoke or deception.^[12] For instance, manta rays (Manta birostris) were frequently labeled devilfish due to their expansive, wing-like pectoral fins and protruding head structures, amplifying their otherworldly aura in early descriptions.^[9] Over the course of the 19th and into the 20th centuries, the term evolved from its roots in fearful sailor folklore—where it encapsulated exaggerated tales of monstrous sea beasts—to a more formalized common name in ichthyological texts, aiding in the classification of elasmobranchs and cephalopods amid growing scientific scrutiny of marine biodiversity.^[7] This shift paralleled broader advancements in taxonomy, reducing reliance on emotive descriptors while preserving "devilfish" as a vernacular identifier for species once shrouded in myth.^[12]

Regional Variations in Usage

In Europe, the term "devilfish" has historically been applied primarily to manta rays in the Mediterranean region, where the Italian name "diavolo di mare" specifically refers to the giant devil ray (Mobula mobular).^[13]^[14] This nomenclature reflects local observations of the ray's large, horn-like cephalic fins, evoking demonic imagery in coastal folklore. In contrast, along the North Atlantic coasts, particularly in British and Scandinavian waters, "devilfish" or "sea devil" has been used for certain anglerfishes, such as species in the family Lophiidae, due to their grotesque appearance and predatory lures.^[15] In North America, variations emphasize specific habitats and species. The Gulf of Mexico sees "devil ray" commonly denoting members of the Mobula genus, including the lesser devil ray (Mobula hypostoma), which migrates seasonally through these warm waters and is targeted in local fisheries. Off the California coast, "sea devil" is a regional synonym for deep-sea anglerfishes like the black seadevil (Melanocetus johnsonii), observed in Monterey Bay and noted for their bioluminescent lures in scientific surveys. These terms persist in regional angling reports, highlighting localized perceptions of menace.^[16]^[17] Across Asian and Pacific contexts, analogous names adapt the "devil" motif to venomous or aggressive marine life. In Peru, the Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) is known as "diablo rojo" or red devil, a name derived from its rapid color changes to red when agitated during capture, as documented in fishery observations along the Humboldt Current. In Japan, the stonefish (Synanceia verrucosa), called "oni-daruma-okoze" or demon stonefish, earns its epithet from its camouflaged, horned appearance and potent venom, with envenomation cases reported in subtropical waters. These translations underscore cultural associations with danger in tropical fisheries.^[18]^[19] Modern usage reveals inconsistencies, as international bodies like the IUCN advocate for binomial nomenclature to mitigate confusion among the diverse species labeled "devilfish," prioritizing scientific precision in conservation assessments. Despite this, the term endures in fishing communities worldwide, where vernacular names facilitate practical communication over formal taxonomy. In the 21st century, post-2020 initiatives in Mexico have repurposed "devil fish" or "pez diablo" in awareness campaigns targeting invasive armored catfishes (Pterygoplichthys spp.) in freshwater systems, promoting their removal to protect native ecosystems.^[20]^[21]

Marine Animals

The devilfish moniker has historically been applied to several species of elasmobranchs, particularly within the family Mobulidae, due to their imposing size, distinctive cephalic fins resembling horns, and acrobatic behaviors that evoked supernatural imagery among early observers. These cartilaginous fishes, including rays and their relatives, inhabit marine environments and play key roles in pelagic ecosystems as filter-feeders. Among them, the spinetail devil ray (Mobula mobular), also known as the giant devil ray, exemplifies this nomenclature; it is a large, epipelagic species characterized by a diamond-shaped disc, a tail bearing a serrated spine, and a maximum disc width of approximately 3.5 meters. Found in tropical to temperate waters worldwide, including the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Indo-Pacific oceans, it migrates seasonally, aggregating in coastal areas during summer months for feeding and reproduction. This species faces severe threats from bycatch in gillnet and purse-seine fisheries, leading to its classification as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List in the 2025 update (previously Endangered in 2019), highlighting population declines exceeding 50% over three generations in key regions.^[4] Closely related, the giant oceanic manta ray (Manta birostris) is another prominent elasmobranch bearing the devilfish label, attributed to its prominent cephalic fins that curl forward like horns to channel plankton into its mouth during filter-feeding. This species can attain a disc width of up to 7 meters, making it one of the largest rays, with a broad, rhomboid pectoral disc and a tail lacking a stinging spine. It occurs in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, often in productive offshore habitats where it feeds on zooplankton such as euphausiids and copepods by swimming with an open mouth. The "devilish" appearance of these cephalic fins, combined with its graceful yet massive form, contributed to early seafaring myths portraying it as menacing, though it is harmless to humans. Global populations of mobulids, including the giant oceanic manta ray, have declined significantly, with estimates of over 264,000 mobulids caught annually in small-scale and industrial fisheries, primarily through gillnet bycatch, prompting its Endangered status on the IUCN Red List.^[22]^[23] Other rays, such as the spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari), have occasionally been referred to as devilfish in regional contexts due to their striking black-and-white spotted dorsal surface and agile, eagle-like swimming. This benthic to epipelagic species features a rounded disc up to 3 meters wide and a long, whip-like tail armed with one or more venomous barbed spines used for defense, capable of inflicting painful stings to predators or humans. It inhabits coastal waters of the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic, foraging on mollusks and crustaceans by crushing them with plate-like teeth. Unlike mobulids, it lacks cephalic fins but shares elasmobranch vulnerabilities to habitat degradation and targeted fishing. Ecologically, these devilfish rays exhibit complex migration patterns, with species like M. mobular undertaking north-south journeys in the Mediterranean to exploit seasonal plankton blooms, often traveling in schools of hundreds. Their spectacular breaches—leaping clear of the water up to several meters high—serve functions such as parasite removal, communication, and dislodging remoras, creating an image of "devilish" aerial displays that span up to 13 kilometers per hour in speed. Recent research underscores their importance in biodiversity hotspots, revealing that elasmobranch functional diversity, including these rays' roles in nutrient cycling and as indicators of ocean health, is highly vulnerable to overfishing in regions like the Indo-Pacific and eastern Atlantic, where hotspots overlap with intensive fisheries. A 2023 study mapped these hotspots, emphasizing the need for targeted protections to preserve migratory corridors and aggregation sites.^[24]

Bony Fishes and Invertebrates

The stonefish (Synanceia verrucosa), a venomous ray-finned fish native to the shallow coastal waters of the Indo-Pacific and Red Sea, earns its "devilfish" moniker due to its exceptional camouflage resembling encrusted rocks or coral, which allows it to ambush prey and inadvertently injure humans.^[25] This species possesses 13 sharp dorsal spines, each connected to paired venom glands containing 5–10 mg of potent venom, capable of causing excruciating pain, severe edema, necrosis, and systemic effects like cardiovascular collapse upon penetration, often from accidental stepping in intertidal zones.^[26] Injuries have prompted medical advancements, including the development of stonefish antivenom in the mid-20th century by Australian researchers, which neutralizes the venom's cardiotoxic and myotoxic components and has been successfully administered in cases as recent as 2025, though pain relief may require additional analgesia.^[27]^[28] Closely related to the stonefish within the Scorpaenidae family, the spiny devilfish (Inimicus didactylus) is another venomous Indo-Pacific scorpionfish inhabiting sandy or silty substrates in lagoon and seaward coral reefs at depths up to 30 meters.^[29] Its distinctive locomotion involves "walking" across the seafloor using elongated lower rays of its pectoral fins as limb-like supports, enabling slow, deliberate movement while maintaining camouflage amid sediments and rubble.^[29] The fish's dorsal and pectoral spines deliver a highly potent venom, comparable in toxicity to that of stonefishes, causing intense pain and tissue damage upon contact, though human envenomations are rare due to its reclusive habits.^[30] Deep-sea anglerfishes of the family Ceratiidae, often called "sea devils," exemplify extreme adaptations to the abyssal and bathypelagic zones beyond 1,000 meters, where pressures exceed 100 atmospheres and perpetual darkness prevails.^[31] A representative species, the black seadevil (Melanocetus johnsonii), features a bioluminescent lure—an esca modified from the first dorsal fin ray, housing symbiotic bacteria that emit light to mimic prey and attract victims in the void.^[32] These fishes have evolved compressed bodies, expansive jaws with fang-like teeth, and reduced eyes to withstand crushing pressures and sparse resources, with females growing up to 18 cm while dwarf males fuse parasitically for reproduction.^[33] Such traits underscore their "devilish" predatory efficiency in the ocean's depths.^[34] Among marine invertebrates, the Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas), a large ommastrephid cephalopod distributed across the eastern Pacific, is dubbed "diablo rojo" (red devil) by Mexican fishermen for its vivid reddish chromatophore displays during aggressive hunting in schools of up to 1,000 individuals.^[35] This species employs beak-like mouths and toothed suckers to pursue fish, crustaceans, and even conspecifics in cannibalistic raids, with historical accounts from the 19th century describing presumed attacks on whalers and sailors, though many remain unverified and sensationalized.^[36] Population booms, such as the northward expansion into California waters following the 1997–1998 El Niño event, have intensified interactions with human fisheries, driven by warmer currents and reduced predator populations like tunas.^[36]^[35] Early 20th-century claims of "devilfish" octopuses, such as a 1906 report of a 16-foot specimen dredged from Puget Sound waters and described in local newspapers as a monstrous cephalopod, have since been reattributed to more prosaic giant squid (Architeuthis spp.) or oversized local octopuses, reflecting explorers' and naturalists' tendencies to exaggerate deep-sea encounters before modern taxonomy.^[37]

Freshwater Animals

Invasive Catfish Species

The invasive freshwater suckermouth catfishes, commonly known as devilfish or pez diablo, primarily refer to species in the genus Pterygoplichthys, such as the sailfin catfishes (Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus and P. pardalis), sometimes misidentified as the common pleco (Hypostomus plecostomus), and related armored catfishes in the family Loricariidae.^[38]^[39] These bottom-dwelling fish, native to the rivers and streams of South America including the Amazon basin, feature bony plates covering their bodies and a specialized mouth for scraping algae and detritus from substrates.^[38]^[39] Introduced to Mexico and the United States through the aquarium trade in the 1990s, they escaped or were released into local waterways, establishing self-sustaining populations that have since proliferated.^[38]^[40] By the mid-2010s, explosive growth was evident in regions like Tabasco and Campeche, where aquarium releases and aquaculture escapes facilitated their spread into rivers, lakes, and coastal lagoons.^[38]^[41] The nickname "devilfish" stems from the challenges these catfishes pose to local fishers, including their spiny, armored exteriors that damage fishing nets and make them difficult to capture without specialized equipment. Their rapid reproductive rate exacerbates the issue, with females capable of producing 500–3,000 eggs per spawn and individuals living 7 to 15 years, leading to overwhelming population densities that disrupt traditional fishing practices.^[42] In Mexico's Tabasco state, for instance, fishers reported the species tearing through gear and dominating waterways by 2014, earning its infernal moniker for the havoc it wreaks on both human livelihoods and aquatic habitats.^[38]^[43] Ecologically, these invasives exert significant pressure on native ecosystems through overpopulation and competitive behaviors. In Mexican waters, such as the Usumacinta River basin and coastal lagoons like Chan Laguna in Campeche, they outcompete indigenous species like the snook (Centropomus undecimalis) for food and space while uprooting aquatic vegetation and eroding shorelines during foraging. Although they consume algae, potentially aiding water clarity, their sheer numbers often lead to habitat degradation and reduced biodiversity, with populations in affected lakes reaching densities that alter trophic dynamics by the late 2010s. In the United States, similar invasions in Florida and Texas have documented comparable shifts, where the catfishes' air-breathing adaptations—a vascularized stomach allowing survival in low-oxygen conditions and out of water for up to 20 hours or more—enable persistence in marginal habitats unsuitable for natives.^[38]^[44]^[45]^[39] Management efforts have largely focused on containment and utilization rather than full eradication, given the species' resilience to conventional removal methods. In Mexico, initiatives since 2014, such as the social enterprise Acari in Tabasco, have promoted consumption by processing the fish into fillets, burgers, and even exports, removing thousands of kilograms from local waters to alleviate pressure on ecosystems. Eradication attempts have faltered due to the catfishes' ability to gulp air and survive extended periods in deoxygenated or drying environments, complicating chemical or drainage controls. By 2025, Mexican authorities in Quintana Roo intensified campaigns, forming capture brigades and conducting community education in areas like Bacalar Lagoon and Ramonal, where over 500 individuals were netted in just two days to monitor and reduce populations; these efforts emphasize sustainable harvesting for food and pet products to foster economic incentives for removal.^[38]^[46]^[47]^[48]

Game and Native Freshwater References

In digital representations of native freshwater ecosystems, the term "devilfish" is applied to fictional species within video games, emphasizing balanced ecological roles rather than invasive threats. A prominent example is in the multiplayer life simulation game Palia, released in 2023 by Singularity 6. The devilfish appears as a rare freshwater inhabitant of the Elderwood region, introduced in patch 0.191 on May 13, 2025, as part of the Elderwood expansion. Described in-game as "Actually not that bad a guy," it integrates into the fantasy lore as a non-aggressive creature within the zone's ponds and streams, contributing to player quests and resource gathering without disrupting the simulated ecosystem.^[49] Catching the devilfish in Palia involves standard fishing mechanics adapted to the game's time-based system, using worm bait in freshwater locations during dawn (3:00 AM–6:00 AM) or dusk (6:00 PM–9:00 PM). Players are recommended to equip Palium-grade fishing rods to handle its increased difficulty compared to common catches in other regions like Bahari or Kilima, reflecting a design choice to promote strategic timing and tool progression in the virtual angling experience. This depiction ties the devilfish to Elderwood's broader narrative of enchanted woodlands, where it serves as a collectible for crafting and community events, fostering a sense of harmonious interaction with the environment.^[50] Beyond Palia, devilfish make minor appearances in other fishing simulations as rare freshwater spawns, often updated in 2024 to enhance replayability. These virtual iterations prioritize cultural and recreational angling traditions, portraying the fish as elusive but rewarding targets in serene, native-inspired settings. Unlike invasive pleco species detailed elsewhere, such native or fictional freshwater references to devilfish highlight sustainable traditions in folklore and gameplay, absent the destructive ecological spread associated with non-native catfish.

Cultural and Fictional Uses

In Mythology and Folklore

In maritime folklore, particularly among 18th- and 19th-century sailors, the devilfish was depicted as a demonic sea creature with the power to ensnare and drag ships to the ocean floor, often inspired by encounters with cephalopods. These tales bore close resemblance to broader legends of the Kraken, a Scandinavian sea monster described in accounts like Olaus Magnus's 1555 Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus as a horned, ship-sinking behemoth with feathery appendages, blending elements of whales, squid, and mythical horrors into a symbol of maritime peril.^[51] Indigenous traditions across the Pacific further enriched devilfish lore, with Polynesian cultures viewing manta rays—sometimes termed devil rays—as spiritual entities or omens. In Hawaiian belief, these creatures serve as 'aumakua, ancestral guardians whose appearances near shores convey messages from the divine or predict fishing success, as referenced in the sacred creation chant Kumulipo. Similarly, Micronesian legends from the Caroline Islands portray a goddess transforming into a manta ray to guide fishermen through turbulent seas, embodying ocean wisdom and foreshadowing abundance or danger.^[52] In Mexican folklore, particularly in Tabasco following the species' invasion around the early 2000s, the plecostomus catfish earned the moniker "pez diablo" or devil fish, regarded by locals as a cursed import from the aquarium trade that plagues rivers and lakes like an infernal scourge. This perception stems from its armored, invasive nature, which disrupts native ecosystems and evokes superstitious dread, with some communities shunning it as poisonous despite scientific refutation.^[38] Cryptid hoaxes amplified devilfish mystique, most notably through the Jenny Haniver, a fabricated artifact popular in 16th-century Europe where dried ray or skate carcasses were carved to mimic demons, dragons, or hybrid sea monks, fooling naturalists like Conrad Gesner into illustrating them as real marvels. In the early 20th century, explorer Jan Welzl's memoir Thirty Years in the Golden North (1932) recounted a sensational, likely embellished battle with a colossal Arctic devilfish octopus in remote Alaskan waters, blending adventure yarn with folklore to captivate readers. Symbolically, the devilfish endured in art as an emblem of oceanic terror, as in Victor Hugo's 1866 novel Toilers of the Sea, where it appears as a vampiric cephalopod representing creation's dark underbelly. More recently, in 2020s eco-folklore, invasive devil fish like the plecostomus are invoked as harbingers of climate disruption, their proliferation in warming waters—such as Florida's St. Johns River—signaling environmental imbalance and loss of native biodiversity.^[53]^[54]^[55]^[56]

In Media and Entertainment

In literature, the term "devilfish" has been used to evoke images of monstrous cephalopods, particularly giant squid, influencing subsequent works in speculative fiction. In Jules Verne's 1870 novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a school of enormous devilfish—described as colossal squid up to eight meters long with powerful tentacles—attacks the submarine Nautilus in the Atlantic Ocean, killing a crew member and highlighting the perils of deep-sea exploration.^[57] This portrayal draws on 19th-century fascination with elusive marine giants, portraying them as formidable adversaries rather than mere animals. H.P. Lovecraft later built on such imagery in his cosmic horror tales, transforming the giant squid-like devilfish into eldritch entities within the Cthulhu Mythos, where tentacled horrors symbolize incomprehensible ancient forces beyond human understanding.^[58] In film, the 1984 Italian-American production Devil Fish (also known as Monster Shark) depicts a genetically engineered hybrid creature combining shark and octopus traits, unleashed through illicit experiments by a rogue scientist. The plot centers on a team including a marine biologist, dolphin trainer, research scientist, and local sheriff who investigate and combat the beast's rampage along the Texas Gulf Coast, where it terrorizes swimmers and divers with its aggressive attacks.^[59] Directed by Lamberto Bava, the movie exemplifies 1980s creature-feature horror, blending Jaws-inspired suspense with B-movie absurdity in its portrayal of the devilfish as a man-made abomination. The Warhammer 40,000 universe features the TY7 Devilfish as a signature vehicle of the Tau Empire, reimagining the name in a science fiction context far removed from marine biology. This anti-gravitic skimmer serves as an armored personnel carrier, transporting up to twelve Fire Warriors or Pathfinder teams across battlefields at speeds up to 75 kilometers per hour, supporting offensive Mont'ka and ambush Kauyon tactics with its burst cannon and gun drones.^[60] Games Workshop released a multipart plastic model kit for the TY7 Devilfish in 2015, enabling players to assemble and deploy it in tabletop gameplay for rapid troop insertion and fire support roles.^[61] Recent media has highlighted real-world "devil fish" in non-fictional contexts, such as 2023 coverage of invasive armored catfish overwhelming ecosystems in Mexico. Business Insider's August 2023 report details how these South American imports, locally dubbed pez diablo, have proliferated in rivers and lakes like those in Tabasco, comprising up to 70% of local catches and disrupting native fisheries through habitat destruction and overbreeding.^[62]

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A 16-foot "devil fish" (squid or octopus) is collected during dredging operations in July, reported in the Friday Harbor newspaper. It is considered the ...
[37]
Invasive 'Devil Fish' Plague Mexico's Waters. Can't Beat 'Em? Eat 'Em
Oct 18, 2017 · Pez diablo: "devil fish." That's what locals in the Mexican state of Tabasco call the armored catfish that has invaded their waters.Missing: Hypostomus | Show results with:Hypostomus
[38]
The Global Invasion of the Suckermouth Armored Catfish Genus ...
2005), and hypoxia (i.e. enlarged, hypervascularized stomachs allow for air-breathing and survival for up to 30 hours out of water (Armbruster 1998; Gibbs and ...
[39]
Armored Catfish - Eat The Invaders
Jul 21, 2019 · The armored catfish is abundant and destructive in Florida, Texas, and Mexico. Cast your nets for these flavorful natives of the Amazon.
[40]
Invasive fish species found in Mexico lagoon for first time
Aug 5, 2025 · ... invasive species or “devil fish” in Mexico, the study said. Researchers identified the fish from Chan Laguna as an Amazon sailfin catfish ...
[41]
Entrepreneurs hope to sell Mexico's 'devil fish' to Canadians as a ...
Jul 24, 2018 · The chewy brown strips begin life in the rivers of Mexico as the hard-shelled bottom-feeder Hypostomus plecostomus, or suckermouth catfish.
[42]
Does invasion by armored catfish shift trophic ecology of native ...
Mar 8, 2023 · Findings provide evidence that invasive Pterygoplichthys, along with environmental factors, impact the trophic ecology of native fish in the Usumacinta Basin.Missing: breathing | Show results with:breathing
[43]
UNLEASH team has created higher incomes for Mexican fishermen ...
We've removed over 60 tons of invasive devil fish from Mexican waters and employed 5 full-time fish processors. Our employees earn on average 40% more than ...Missing: 2025 | Show results with:2025
[44]
Up to 500 Devil Fish (Plecostomus) Captured in 2 Days in Ramonal
Jul 25, 2025 · Residents of the community of Ramonal, in the municipality of Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo, caught more than 500 Devil Fish (Hypostomus ...<|separator|>
[45]
Mexico: Brigade formed to investigate and capture the "devil fish"
Mar 6, 2025 · In the Quintana Roo, Mexico area, a special brigade is already carrying out tasks to investigate and capture the known as “devil fish”.
[46]
Patch Notes 0.191: The Elderwood Expansion - Palia
May 12, 2025 · Devilfish, Actually not that bad a guy. Eleroo Eel, Affectionately named for its sizable snout, and not for what it eats. Still, you might ...<|separator|>
[47]
Palia Server Status, Events, Live Fish & Bug Timers and more
Dawnray. 42:36. Dawnray. Can be caught at Bahari Rivers using No Bait bait. Devilfish. 20:06. Devilfish. Can be caught at Elderwood Ponds using Worm bait.<|separator|>
[48]
Five “Real” Sea Monsters Brought to Life by Early Naturalists
Oct 27, 2014 · Five “Real” Sea Monsters Brought to Life by Early Naturalists ... From kraken to mermaids, some monsters are real—if you know how to look for them.
[49]
Manta Rays Myths and Legends Around the World
Apr 28, 2025 · Manta rays (or “hāhālua”) are known as 'aumakua: god-like creatures that take animal form and serve as family or personal guardians.Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
[50]
Animals: Jenny Hanivers | TIME
Jenny Hanivers are made from the dried carcasses of small rays and skates. In natural state the underside of a ray's head slightly resembles a monstrous human ...Missing: devilfish hoaxes
[51]
More Tales of the "Golden North"; THE QUEST FOR POLAR ...
JAN WELZL, it will be remem- bered, is the man whose "Thirty Years in the Golden North," published not so long ago, while giving a good deal of pleas- ure ...
[52]
Toilers of the Sea by Victor Hugo: II. The Monster.
What, then, is the devil-fish? It is the sea vampire. The swimmer who, attracted by the beauty of the spot, ventures among breakers in the open sea, where the ...Missing: mythology | Show results with:mythology
[53]
Climate change heats devil fish that possess St. Johns River
Dec 3, 2022 · In another alarm of nature spiraling to hell in Florida, scientists suspect global warming has enabled devil fish to plague and ravage the St. Johns River.Missing: folklore | Show results with:folklore
[54]
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas - Project Gutenberg
Shark attacks, giant squid, cannibals, hurricanes, whale hunts, and other rip-roaring adventures erupt almost at random. Yet this loose structure gives the ...
[55]
(PDF) From Devil-Fish to Demi-God: the Giant Squid in Romance ...
Giant squid imagery evolved from mere sea creatures in early literature to symbols of cosmic horror. Victor Hugo's 'devil-fish' reflects philosophical musings ...
[56]
Plot - Devil Fish (1984) - IMDb
IMDbPro. All topics. Devil Fish (1984). Plot. Devil Fish. Edit. Summaries. A marine biologist, a dolphin trainer, a scientist and a sheriff try to hunt down a ...
[57]
Devilfish - Warhammer 40k - Lexicanum
The TY7 Devilfish is the armoured personnel carrier of the Tau Empire. It is the standard transport for Fire Warriors as well as Pathfinder Teams.
[58]
https://www.academia.edu/11442276/From_Devil_Fish_to_Demi_God_the_Giant_Squid_in_Romance_and_Fantasy_of_the_Nineteenth_and_Early_Twentieth_Century
[59]
The True Cost of Invasive Devil Fish in North America
Aug 9, 2023 · The invasive armored catfish made its way from Brazil about 20 years ago and has now overrun lakes and rivers across Mexico and the US.