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ERT World

ERT World is a Greek-language free-to-air television channel owned and operated by the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT), Greece's state public broadcaster, serving as its international service for Greek communities worldwide.^[1]^[2]
Launched in 1996 as ERT Sat and later rebranded, the channel delivers a diverse lineup including news bulletins, discussion programs, dramas, documentaries, entertainment series, and live sports coverage, often featuring content from ERT's domestic channels alongside diaspora-focused segments on community events and issues.^[2]^[3]
ERT World faced suspension in June 2013 amid the Greek government's abrupt shutdown of ERT as part of fiscal austerity reforms aimed at curbing perceived bureaucratic excess and financial waste in public broadcasting, a move that sparked widespread protests, international condemnation, and legal challenges before ERT's reinstatement and the channel's relaunch in 2016.^[4]^[5] The channel has since expanded its global reach, including availability on platforms like Freeview in the United Kingdom via Channelbox since December 2023, underscoring its role in maintaining cultural ties for expatriate Greeks.^[3]^[6]

History

Origins and Launch as ERT SAT

ERT SAT was launched in 1996 by the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT), Greece's public broadcaster, as its dedicated satellite channel targeting expatriate Greek communities worldwide.^[7]^[8] This initiative addressed the growing demand for accessible Greek-language programming amid advancing satellite technology, enabling broadcasts beyond domestic terrestrial limits to regions with significant diaspora populations, such as North America, Australia, and Europe. The channel's establishment reflected ERT's strategic expansion to preserve cultural and linguistic ties for Greeks abroad, compiling content primarily from its existing national channels including ET1, NET, and ET3.^[7] Initial operations focused on a feed of news bulletins, cultural documentaries, traditional music, and serialized dramas, with programming schedules aligned to serve multiple time zones for global viewers.^[8] Transmitted via satellites like Hot Bird, ERT SAT operated as a free-to-air service, prioritizing informational and heritage content over commercial entertainment to fulfill public service obligations. Unlike private Greek channels emerging in the late 1980s and 1990s, ERT SAT emphasized non-commercial, state-funded dissemination of national identity and current affairs to expatriates.^[9]

Pre-2013 Expansion and Operations

ERT SAT commenced broadcasting in 1996 as the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation's dedicated satellite channel for overseas Greek audiences, delivering free-to-air transmissions primarily via geostationary satellites to maintain linguistic and cultural connections with expatriate communities.^[7] The service aggregated content from ERT's domestic television networks, ET1, NET, and ET3, featuring daily news updates, historical documentaries, cultural programming, religious services, and select entertainment series, all aired in Greek to cater specifically to the diaspora's preferences.^[8] Initial distribution emphasized coverage across Europe using satellites such as those at 13° East, enabling reception in countries with significant Greek populations like Germany, the United Kingdom, and Australia.^[10] Expansion efforts in the early 2000s extended reach to North America, highlighted by the channel's integration into the Dish Network platform in February 2001, which facilitated broader accessibility for Greek-Americans through subscription satellite services.^[11] Technical operations involved standard MPEG-2 encoding at transmission rates around 20,000 ksym/s on frequencies like 12.311 GHz, ensuring reliable free-to-air decoding with appropriate satellite dishes and receivers.^[12] By the mid-2000s, ERT SAT had evolved to include enhanced programming blocks aimed at diverse time zones, though full zonal differentiation for Europe, the Americas, and Oceania remained partially unrealized.^[10] The channel's rebranding to ERT World in 2008 reflected ambitions for a more global identity, introducing updated logos and minor graphical refreshes while preserving the core model of repurposed domestic feeds supplemented by diaspora-oriented specials.^[13] Operations emphasized cost-effective satellite uplinking from Athens facilities, with content curated to promote national heritage amid Greece's economic challenges leading into the 2010s.^[14]

2013 Shutdown and Immediate Fallout

On June 11, 2013, the Greek coalition government, led by Prime Minister Antonis Samaras, announced the immediate shutdown of the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT), including its international channel ERT World, as part of austerity measures amid the ongoing financial crisis.^[5]^[15] The decision, justified by government spokesman Simos Kedikoglou as targeting a "haven of waste" characterized by inefficiency and overstaffing, resulted in the termination of approximately 2,656 ERT employees and the cessation of all broadcasts by midnight that day.^[16]^[17] ERT World, which provided programming to Greek diaspora communities worldwide via satellite and online platforms, abruptly halted its transmissions, depriving international audiences of news, cultural content, and public service information in Greek.^[18] The shutdown triggered widespread domestic and international backlash, with ERT employees occupying the Radiomegaron headquarters in Athens and launching an unauthorized online stream known as ERT Open to maintain some continuity of service. Labor unions declared a 24-hour general strike on June 12, protesting the move as an assault on public broadcasting and workers' rights, while coalition partners PASOK and DIMAR expressed dissent, exacerbating tensions within the government.^[19]^[20] Greece's Council of State issued a temporary ruling on June 17 declaring the closure unconstitutional due to procedural flaws, ordering the resumption of basic programming, though full compliance was delayed amid political gridlock.^[21] Internationally, the European Broadcasting Union and figures like German Chancellor Angela Merkel voiced concerns over the democratic implications, viewing the abrupt silencing of a public broadcaster as a threat to media pluralism during economic hardship.^[22] Greek diaspora communities reported disruption to their primary source of homeland news, prompting solidarity protests in cities like New York and Melbourne, where ERT World's role in cultural connectivity was highlighted.^[22] The government's stated aim of replacing ERT with a leaner entity, New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television (NERIT), faced skepticism, as critics argued the savings—estimated at around €40 million annually—were minimal relative to the broader fiscal challenges and potential for politicized media control.^[23]^[24]

2015 Relaunch and Subsequent Developments

The Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT), including its international channel ERT World, was abruptly shut down on June 11, 2013, by the New Democracy-PASOK-DIMAR coalition government as part of austerity measures aimed at reducing public spending, with the stated goal of eliminating waste in the broadcaster that cost approximately €300 million annually.^[18]^[25] This closure replaced ERT with the interim New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television (NERIT), which operated until the SYRIZA-led government announced the restoration of ERT. On June 11, 2015—symbolically two years to the day after the shutdown—ERT resumed broadcasting, reinstating its domestic channels and absorbing NERIT's operations, though ERT World specifically remained off-air initially.^[26]^[25] ERT World relaunched on May 3, 2016, restoring satellite and international feeds primarily targeting Greek diaspora communities in Europe and beyond, utilizing the pre-2013 logo and programming mix of news, culture, and repurposed domestic content.^[13] The relaunch occurred amid ongoing fiscal challenges, with ERT funded via a €3 surcharge on electricity bills, a reduction from pre-shutdown levels, reflecting continued efforts to streamline operations while maintaining public service obligations.^[26] Post-relaunch, ERT World focused on enhancing accessibility for expatriates, including expanded digital streaming options, though viewership data remains limited due to the channel's niche audience. Subsequent developments included a major rebranding on September 28, 2020, aligning ERT World with ERT's overall visual refresh, introducing a new logo and light blue color scheme to modernize presentation while separating international idents from domestic ones.^[27] This update coincided with broader ERT initiatives to bolster digital presence and original international programming, such as cultural series tailored for global Greek audiences, amid criticisms of state influence under successive governments. By 2025, ERT World had expanded its reach through online platforms, though it faced persistent funding pressures and competition from private ethnic media targeting the diaspora.^[28]

Governance and Funding

Ownership and Organizational Structure

ERT World is wholly owned and operated by the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT), Greece's state-owned public service broadcaster, which functions as a public limited company (société anonyme, or SA) under national law.^[28] As a subsidiary channel within ERT's portfolio, ERT World falls under the direct oversight of ERT's central management, with no private shareholders or external ownership stakes reported.^[29] ERT's organizational structure is hierarchical, led by a seven-member board of directors as its highest governing body, comprising five members appointed by Parliament on government nomination and two by opposition parties to provide nominal cross-party representation.^[28] The board appoints the CEO, who oversees operational divisions including television channels like ERT World, radio services, and digital platforms; current leadership includes a president-chair and specialized directors for news and programming.^[30] This government-influenced appointment process has drawn criticism for potentially prioritizing political alignment over editorial independence, as evidenced by shifts in board composition following elections, such as post-2019 appointments under the New Democracy government.^[31] ERT World, as an international outreach arm, integrates into ERT's broader television production and distribution framework without a distinct autonomous structure.^[32]

Funding Mechanisms and Fiscal Challenges

ERT's funding, which encompasses ERT World as one of its international channels, derives primarily from a public television license fee of €3 per household per month, collected through electricity bills since the 2015 relaunch.^[28] This fee, reduced from approximately €4.70 prior to the 2013 shutdown, constitutes the core revenue stream, supplemented by advertising income that accounted for around 20% of pre-2013 funding.^[4] By 2022, ERT's overall annual budget had reached €200 million, reflecting gradual expansion post-relaunch but remaining constrained relative to operational scale.^[28] Fiscal challenges have historically centered on perceived inefficiencies and high personnel costs, culminating in the abrupt 2013 government-mandated shutdown under the ND-PASOK-DIMAR coalition, which aimed to trim public expenditure amid Greece's sovereign debt crisis by dismissing over 2,600 employees and halting operations to achieve initial savings estimated at €51 million annually.^[18] Proponents argued ERT operated at a deficit with redundant staffing—employing about 2,700 people for three channels—while critics, including unions and opposition parties, contested claims of unprofitability, noting self-sustaining license fee revenue independent of the national budget.^[33] The closure, enacted via ministerial decree without parliamentary approval, sparked protests and European Broadcasting Union condemnation for undermining public service media viability.^[34] Post-2015 relaunch under the SYRIZA-led government, ERT faced persistent underfunding issues, with the diminished license fee yielding insufficient resources for robust programming and infrastructure upgrades, exacerbated by low public compliance and collection rates during economic austerity.^[35] ERT's CEO in 2021 highlighted chronically low audience engagement and investment shortfalls, attributing them partly to the fee's inadequacy, which limited competitiveness against private broadcasters.^[32] For ERT World specifically, integration into ERT's unified budget imposes shared fiscal pressures, including elevated satellite transmission and subtitling costs for diaspora outreach, without dedicated international allocations, amid broader critiques of over-reliance on a fee vulnerable to political adjustments and evasion. Ongoing Greek fiscal surveillance until 2023 indirectly constrained public media expansions, prioritizing debt reduction over broadcaster autonomy.^[28]

Programming

Core Content Categories

ERT World's programming primarily consists of news and informational content drawn from ERT's domestic channels, providing updates on Greek politics, economy, and international affairs relevant to expatriates. Daily news bulletins, such as Deltio Eidiseon, feature reports from correspondents covering events in Greece and globally, emphasizing timely coverage of national developments.^[3]^[2] Entertainment forms a significant portion, including Greek television series, classic and contemporary films from the national cinema repertoire, and lifestyle shows involving cooking, travel, and interviews. Weekday schedules incorporate entertainment segments like TV Movie Parea and Elliniko Kinimatografos, while weekends prioritize lighter fare such as dramas and variety programs.^[3]^[2] Cultural and documentary programming highlights Greek heritage, history, and arts, with content encompassing documentaries on traditions, music specials, and educational segments. These often include expert analyses and archival footage to maintain connections with the diaspora.^[36]^[2] Sports coverage focuses on Greek leagues and events, including live broadcasts of football matches and basketball, alongside talk shows discussing athletic achievements. This category appeals to expatriate audiences seeking homeland sports updates.^[2]^[36] Additional categories feature talk shows on current affairs, children's programming with educational elements, and occasional special events like music performances or public service announcements, all repurposed to suit international time zones.^[2]^[36]

Original vs. Repurposed Productions

ERT World's programming predominantly features repurposed content from the domestic channels of the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT), including news bulletins, factual documentaries, cultural programs, and entertainment series originally produced for ERT1, ERT2, and ERT3. This approach leverages existing high-production-value material to deliver a broad representation of Greek public media to overseas viewers, minimizing additional costs while maintaining consistency with national output.^[4] In contrast, original productions specific to ERT World are more targeted and limited in scope, focusing on content tailored to the Greek diaspora to foster connection with expatriate communities. Examples include dedicated news segments and magazines that cover developments in Greek populations abroad, such as weekly updates on events and stories from regions like Australia.^[37] These programs often feature localized reporting by correspondents, distinguishing them from the generalized domestic feeds by emphasizing international Greek perspectives and reducing reliance on time-delayed rebroadcasts.^[38] The balance between repurposed and original content reflects ERT's resource constraints as a state-funded entity, prioritizing efficiency in satellite distribution while allocating targeted budgets for diaspora engagement. Repurposed material forms the bulk—often exceeding 80% of airtime based on schedule analyses—allowing for seamless integration of flagship domestic shows like award-winning fiction series and sports coverage into the international feed. Original elements, though fewer, enhance relevance by addressing expatriate-specific interests, such as cultural heritage abroad or community news, which domestic channels cover less extensively.^[39] This hybrid model supports ERT World's mandate to bridge Greece with its global diaspora without duplicating full-scale production infrastructures.

Programming Evolution Post-Relaunch

Following its relaunch on 3 May 2016, ERT World focused on a curated selection of programming drawn primarily from ERT's domestic channels, including daily news bulletins, cultural documentaries, educational content, drama series, and select sports coverage to serve the Greek diaspora.^[2] This approach emphasized repurposed high-quality productions from ERT1, ERT2, and ERT3, supplemented by discussion programs and entertainment aimed at fostering cultural ties abroad.^[40] Subsequent adjustments prioritized diaspora preferences, incorporating more fiction series and lifestyle content identified through internal assessments, while maintaining a balance of informational and recreational fare.^[41] By 2020, a rebranding introduced updated graphics and scheduling tweaks, enhancing visual appeal without altering the core emphasis on reliable news and heritage programming. Schedule modifications became routine, such as the July 2022 additions of episodes from the series The Oath (episodes 11–14) and wildlife documentary Wild Life to fill prime slots and boost viewer engagement.^[42] In recent years, programming has evolved toward greater digital integration, with the international rollout of ERTFLIX in October 2023 enabling on-demand streaming of ERT World content, archives, and subtitled series for overseas audiences.^[43] This shift expanded accessibility beyond satellite, incorporating refreshed morning magazines and diaspora-focused segments, such as multi-hour shows covering global Greek communities, politics, and events.^[44] Live coverage of national holidays, sports, and cultural broadcasts remains central, reflecting sustained efforts to adapt to evolving viewer habits amid fiscal constraints on original international productions.^[45]

Distribution and Accessibility

Technical Broadcast Platforms

ERT World primarily transmits via satellite for free-to-air reception across Europe and parts of Africa and the Middle East, utilizing multiple orbital positions to ensure broad coverage for the Greek diaspora.^[46] The main European beam operates on Eutelsat's Hot Bird 13F satellite at 13.0°E, with updated parameters effective from October 23, 2024: frequency 11823 MHz horizontal polarization, symbol rate 27500, and DVB-S2 modulation.^[45] Additional beams include Eutelsat 9B at 9.0°E (frequency 11938 MHz horizontal) and BulgariaSat 1 at 1.9°E, enabling reception with standard parabolic dishes and free-to-air set-top boxes compliant with DVB-S/S2 standards.^[46]^[47] Beyond satellite, ERT World is accessible through digital terrestrial platforms in select markets, such as the United Kingdom's Freeview service via the Channelbox aggregator on channel 271, launched in December 2023 to expand over-the-air availability without subscription fees.^[3] Online streaming constitutes a growing platform, integrated into ERT's ERTFLIX service, which extended international access in October 2023 for users abroad via web browsers, mobile apps, and smart TVs, supporting live and on-demand viewing with geo-restrictions lifted for diaspora audiences.^[48] Cable carriage remains limited, primarily through partnerships like Rogers Cable in Canada for a localized feed, but lacks widespread adoption in other regions compared to satellite and IP-based methods. These platforms emphasize unencrypted, no-cost access to align with ERT's public service mandate, though signal quality and availability depend on regional infrastructure and receiver compatibility.^[46]

International Availability and Reach

ERT World is primarily distributed via satellite on the Hotbird 13° East position, enabling free-to-air reception across Europe, as well as parts of Africa and Asia, targeting Greek communities in those regions.^[45]^[49] This setup, updated as of October 19, 2024, supports standard DVB-S2 transmission for households equipped with appropriate satellite dishes and receivers.^[45] Globecast has handled pan-European distribution of ERT World since its 2015 relaunch, facilitating carriage to diaspora audiences via uplink and satellite services.^[50] In select countries, ERT World is accessible through terrestrial and cable platforms. For instance, it launched on the UK's Freeview digital terrestrial service on December 19, 2023, expanding over-the-air availability to British households with set-top boxes or integrated TVs.^[3] Partnerships extend reach to niche sectors, such as maritime viewers; since August 2022, KVH Media Group has integrated ERT World into its satellite TV systems for Greek seafarers worldwide via VSAT networks.^[51] Complementing linear broadcasts, ERT World's content is available internationally via the ERTFLIX streaming platform's global edition, launched in October 2023, which permits on-demand access from anywhere using web browsers, iOS, or Android apps, primarily for Greeks abroad without geographic restrictions on licensed material.^[52]^[53] Live streams of ERT World are also offered on ERT's official website and apps, broadening digital reach beyond traditional TV infrastructure.^[54] The channel's programming serves the estimated 5-7 million-strong Greek diaspora, focusing on news, culture, and homeland connections, though specific international viewership metrics remain undisclosed by ERT.^[55]

Reception and Impact

Audience Engagement and Metrics

ERT World targets the global Greek diaspora, estimated at approximately 5 million individuals.^[56] As an international broadcaster, it distributes content via satellite (e.g., Hotbird for Europe), cable, and terrestrial platforms such as Freeview in the United Kingdom, enabling access for expatriate communities in North America, Australia, and beyond.^[3] Detailed viewership ratings or engagement metrics, such as unique viewers or watch time, are not publicly disclosed by ERT, unlike domestic channels where Nielsen-equivalent data tracks event-specific peaks (e.g., up to 59% share for select sports broadcasts on ERT2).^[57] Engagement appears sustained through niche programming tailored to diaspora needs, including news bulletins and cultural content, though empirical data on retention or digital interactions remains scarce in available reports.

Cultural Role for Greek Diaspora

ERT World functions as a vital conduit for cultural continuity among the Greek diaspora, delivering Greek-language programming that encompasses news from Greece, traditional music, folklore, and historical documentaries to expatriate communities spanning over 100 countries.^[4] This content enables overseas Greeks to remain engaged with national events, holidays, and societal developments, countering assimilation pressures in host nations.^[58] Dedicated segments, such as the "Greeks Around The World" series on the affiliated Voice of Greece platform, showcase expatriate-curated reports on community initiatives, local festivals, and integration challenges in regions like Australia, the United States, and Europe, thereby reinforcing ethnic bonds and intergenerational transmission of customs.^[59] Similarly, documentaries like "Routes of the Greek Diaspora," aired in 2023, examine migration histories and contemporary contributions of Greeks abroad, drawing on interviews with diaspora leaders to highlight their role in bilateral relations.^[60] The channel's expansion via ERTFLIX International in October 2023 has amplified this role by streaming archived materials representing nearly 80% of Greece's audiovisual heritage— including films, series, and cultural specials—to subscribers worldwide, facilitating language retention and exposure to Hellenic arts for younger diaspora members detached from ancestral roots.^[61] These efforts collectively sustain a shared cultural narrative, evidenced by sustained viewership in diaspora hubs where ERT World remains a primary source for homeland-oriented media amid declining local Greek-language outlets.^[58]

Achievements in Global Outreach

ERT World has extended its reach to Greek diaspora communities worldwide primarily through satellite broadcasting on multiple positions, including Hotbird 13F for wide European coverage, Hellas Sat 4 for Europe, Eutelsat 9B for regional access, and Intelsat 19 for Australia and New Zealand, enabling free-to-air reception in key expatriate regions such as Europe, the Americas, and Oceania.^[46] Separate feeds, including ERT World Europe and ERT World Americas, cater to time zone differences and regional preferences, sustaining cultural and informational links for expatriates.^[62] Post-2015 relaunch in 2016, ERT collaborated with Globecast to manage signal delivery, prioritizing compatibility with older satellite dishes common among diaspora households to maximize accessibility without requiring equipment upgrades.^[63] This infrastructure supported the channel's role in disseminating Greek news, programming, and cultural content to an estimated global expatriate population exceeding 5 million, though precise viewership metrics remain unpublished by ERT.^[64] In December 2023, ERT World launched on Freeview channel 78 in the United Kingdom, providing terrestrial digital access to the UK's Greek community of approximately 300,000, alongside satellite options, thus broadening non-satellite viewership in a major diaspora hub.^[3] Complementing this, ERT's streaming platform ERTFLIX expanded internationally in October 2023, offering on-demand access to archived series, documentaries, and news tailored for expatriates, reinforcing ties amid digital migration trends.^[61] Dedicated diaspora-focused programming, such as the Voice of Greece radio series "Greeks Around the World" launched in 2022—curated by expatriates—and "Our Global Voice," which profiles prominent diaspora figures in science, politics, and business, exemplify targeted outreach to maintain linguistic and cultural continuity.^[59]^[65] Documentaries like "Routes of the Greek Diaspora," aired in 2023, further highlight expatriate contributions, distributed via ERT World to foster national identity abroad.^[60] Ongoing technical enhancements include a 2025 contract with Comart for international signal transmission, encompassing ERT World TV, HbbTV services, and electronic guides, ensuring reliable delivery across hybrid platforms amid evolving broadcast standards.^[66] These efforts position ERT World as a state-supported conduit for Greece's soft power, though critiques note reliance on public funding without disclosed ROI data for diaspora engagement.^[67]

Controversies and Criticisms

Allegations of Political Bias and State Control

As a state-owned entity under direct government oversight, the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT), which operates ERT World, has faced persistent allegations of serving as an instrument of ruling party influence rather than maintaining independence as a public service broadcaster.^[28]^[35] Leadership appointments, including the board and president, are controlled by the government, enabling successive administrations to align content with their agendas; for instance, in July 2019, legislation placed ERT explicitly under the Prime Minister's office, prompting criticism from opposition parties for eroding autonomy.^[68] This structure echoes Greece's historical pattern of public broadcasting as a state tool, originating from its 1930s founding under authoritarian regimes and persisting through post-dictatorship eras marked by clientelist patronage and cronyism in staffing.^[69]^[33] The 2013 abrupt shutdown of ERT by the New Democracy-PASOK-DIMAR coalition government exemplified these tensions, with officials decrying it as a "den of redundancy" riddled with 2,700 politically appointed employees and pro-government bias, justifying the closure as essential for austerity reforms despite international condemnation for undermining media pluralism.^[16]^[4] ERT's pre-shutdown news coverage was accused of favoring the incumbent administration while occasionally critiquing policy, but critics from across the spectrum highlighted its role in amplifying state narratives, including during the military junta era when it functioned overtly as propaganda.^[33]^[69] The relaunch in 2015 under the SYRIZA-led government rehired many former staff and shifted perceptions toward left-wing favoritism, with opposition claims of retaliatory hirings and biased programming that prioritized SYRIZA viewpoints over balanced reporting.^[35]^[68] Under the New Democracy government since 2019, allegations intensified, including SYRIZA's 2021 complaint against ERT president Konstantinos Zoulas for partisan favoritism and failure to air opposition health policy proposals equitably.^[70] Between January and February 2021, ERT aired reports deemed misleadingly supportive of government healthcare legislation, exemplifying claims of one-sided coverage that prioritized ruling party narratives.^[71] Journalists have reported internal censorship, particularly after appointments of ruling party affiliates, reinforcing perceptions of editorial control.^[72] These patterns extend to ERT World, the international channel targeting the Greek diaspora, which inherits ERT's structural dependencies and has been critiqued as an extension of state messaging abroad, though specific diaspora-focused complaints remain tied to broader ERT governance issues.^[4]^[73] Opposition and watchdog groups argue that such biases undermine ERT's public service mandate, fostering a cycle where each government reshapes the broadcaster to reflect its ideology, with empirical evidence from appointment data and content analyses supporting claims of systemic politicization over journalistic independence.^[35]^[69] While defenders cite fiscal necessities and legal oversight by the National Council for Radio and Television, critics contend that without structural reforms to insulate appointments from political interference, ERT—including its global arm—continues to prioritize state control over objective dissemination of information.^[28]^[68]

Debates on Efficiency, Waste, and Public Value

The shutdown of ERT in June 2013, which included ERT World, was precipitated by government assertions of systemic inefficiency and fiscal waste within the public broadcaster. The coalition administration described ERT as a "haven of waste" characterized by "unique lack of transparency," with operational costs estimated at three to seven times those of comparable private broadcasters for equivalent programming output.^[18]^[15] This move aimed to eliminate approximately 2,600 positions and reduce public spending amid Greece's sovereign debt crisis, reflecting broader austerity measures demanded by international creditors.^[74] Critics, including labor unions and opposition parties, contested the abrupt closure as disproportionate, arguing it undermined public access to independent information and cultural content without sufficient evidence of reform alternatives.^[75] Post-relaunch in 2015 under a Syriza-led government, debates persisted regarding ERT's— and by extension ERT World's— public value relative to taxpayer funding. ERT's pre-closure audience share hovered around 12%, raising questions about the broadcaster's ability to justify its budget through engagement, particularly for international services like ERT World aimed at the Greek diaspora.^[76] Proponents of public funding emphasized ERT World's role in preserving linguistic and cultural ties for expatriates, facilitating news dissemination and programming unavailable via commercial outlets.^[77] However, skeptics highlighted ongoing structural issues, such as overstaffing and limited measurable impact on diaspora retention or cultural promotion, especially in an era of digital streaming alternatives that reduce the necessity for subsidized satellite broadcasting.^[78] Empirical assessments of efficiency post-2015 have been sparse, but inherited criticisms of state control over content—potentially prioritizing political agendas over viewer needs—have fueled arguments that ERT World delivers suboptimal value for public investment.^[79] While no comprehensive independent audits quantifying ERT World's cost-per-viewer metrics are publicly detailed, the broadcaster's reliance on annual state allocations underscores a causal tension: fixed costs for niche international reach may not scale with audience data, prompting calls for privatization or defunding elements perceived as redundant in a competitive media landscape.^[80] These debates reflect a fundamental public policy trade-off between subsidizing national identity projection abroad and fiscal prudence, with evidence from the 2013 closure suggesting prior inefficiencies warranted intervention, though long-term reforms remain contested.^[58]

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Aug 26, 2025 · ERT began broadcasting in 1938 as the Radio Broadcasting Service, marking the beginning of public broadcasting in Greece.
[29]
ERT National Television Greece - The Mandy Network
... ERT, literally "Greek Radio-Television") was Greece's state-owned public radio and television broadcasting corporation with approximately 88% of its funding ...
[30]
ERT SA HELLENIC BROADCASTING CORPORATION Management
The ERT S.A. HELLENIC BROADCASTING CORPORATION management team includes Yannis Papadopoulos (President (Chair) of the Board of Directors), Polyxeni Tzovenou ( ...
[31]
SGI 2024 | Greece | Diagonal Accountability
However, regulations governing public-owned media allow the government to appoint the Board of Directors and CEO of entities like the ERT television and radio ...
[32]
Interview with Georgios Gabritsos, CEO of ERT - EBU
Nov 1, 2021 · Georgios Gabritsos, CEO of ERT, discusses his priorities and a digital roadmap for Greece's public service media.Missing: ownership | Show results with:ownership
[33]
The Shutdown of ERT and Greece's Media Landscape - Truthout
Aug 24, 2013 · The history of Greek broadcast media relations with the government reflects attempts at authoritarian control.
[34]
[PDF] Concerns over sudden closure of Greece's Public Broadcaster
Amongst the reasons cited for the closure were extravagant costs that the country could not afford during the financial crisis.Missing: reactions | Show results with:reactions
[35]
The Greek broadcaster ERT: a state or public service broadcaster?
Dec 15, 2016 · From being abolished in 2013 to being relaunched in 2015, the Greek public broadcaster ERT has undergone a tumultous few years.Missing: SAT expansion
[36]
ERT's High Performance Network - Huawei Enterprise
It offers broadcasting services to Greek citizens worldwide through the satellite channel ERT World ... news, entertainment, documentaries, culture, music, ...
[37]
https://www.ert.gr/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/ertworld-tvschedule-from-25-10-2025-to-31-10-2025.docx
[38]
[DOC] ERTWORLD-TV-PROGRAM-from-01.07.2023-to-01.13.2023 ... - ert.gr
"The Era of Images", the only show on contemporary art on Greek television celebrates 19 years of broadcast (2003-2022) through ERT Public Television.
[39]
A new season with award-winning fiction series on ERT World
Sep 24, 2023 · Starting Monday Sept. 25th, audiences around the world will have the opportunity to enjoy the new productions: “Act like you're asleep II” (Best TV Series ...
[40]
ERT World TV Schedule - Live Soccer TV
After a three-year hiatus, ERT World returned on June 23, 2016. The ... However, broadcast schedules are subject to change at any time. If you find ...
[41]
Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation - Alchetron, the free social ...
Nov 22, 2024 · ERT World also saw changes in its programming to reflect the needs ... ERT Play is the internet channel of ERT which start to broadcast in 28 ...History · Closure · Radio
[42]
ERT WORLD - Program modification («The oath» & «Wild life»)
Jul 20, 2022 · ERT WORLD – Program modification («The oath» & «Wild life») | 07/20/2022-07/29/2022 · Wednesday 07/20 Episode 11 · Thursday 07/21 Episode 12.
[43]
ERTFLIX has now officially become international!
Oct 11, 2023 · ERT's streaming service, which has been a game changer for public television in Greece so far, is now available to Greeks living abroad.
[44]
[DOC] ERTWORLD_TvSchedule_from_...
Sep 13, 2025 · Our favorite morning magazine show returns to ERT World, refreshed and full of energy, for its fourth season! For three hours every day ...
[45]
ERT World and Voice of Greece: New Satellite Reception Parameters
Oct 19, 2024 · ERT WORLD and Voice of Greece announce changes to the reception parameters on the Hotbird 13.0° East satellite.
[46]
ERT World - LyngSat
13.0°E, Hotbird 13F · Wide 0 ; 9.0°E, Eutelsat 9B · Wide 0 ; 1.9°E, BulgariaSat 1 · Europe 0 ; ERT World © LyngSat, last updated 2025-10-24 - https://www.lyngsat.
[47]
ERT WORLD Frequency, Pids from Channel on Eutelsat 9.0° East
Aug 20, 2025 · ERT WORLD comes from the country Greece und can be received via Eutelsat 9.0° East on the frequency 11938 mhz H.
[48]
ERTFLIX has now officially become international ... - Facebook
Oct 22, 2023 · ERTFLIX has just become International, embarking on a journey around the world. ERT's streaming service is now available (but not limited) to Greeks living ...Missing: satellite cable
[49]
ERT World (Canada) - Wikipedia
History. ERT World Canada was licensed by the CRTC on December 14, 2000, as Odyssey II. Since its inception in 2001 up until 2003, Odyssey II (as it was then ...
[50]
List of Greek language television channels
Skai TV began broadcasting, after a prolonged battle for open frequencies ... etv.gr Greek TV stations webcasting online (including Alter, Mad, ERT Sat ...
[51]
Relaunched ERT selects Globecast for pan-European TV distribution
... provider to deliver ERT World and five radio channels to the Greek diaspora across Europe. Biliana Pumpalovic, General Director of Globecast Moscow ...Missing: cable | Show results with:cable
[52]
KVH Partners With the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT) to ...
60cm satellite TV system for use with DIRECTV, DISH Network, and Bell TV ... For news updates, follow ERT World on Facebook and Voice of Greece on Facebook.Missing: cable providers
[53]
ERTFLIX has now officially become international! - Embassy News
Oct 23, 2023 · ERT's streaming service, which has been a game changer for public television in Greece so far, is now available (but not limited) to Greeks ...Missing: online | Show results with:online
[54]
What's on Ertflix International: Feature films, documentaries and TV ...
Mar 17, 2024 · The selection encompasses new content, accessible to Greeks everywhere, featuring award-winning films from Greek cinema, documentaries and ERT'S TV shows.Missing: original | Show results with:original
[55]
ERT WORLD LIVE - ERTFLIX
A mobile application is available. To enjoy better access to all content, please install the app. Tap below to open or download ERTFLIX for free.
[56]
Greek Government Shuts Down National Public Broadcaster ERT
Jun 14, 2013 · For years, ERT has been the one unifying link that the Greek diaspora, which numbers over 7 million people around the world, with their homeland ...
[57]
Greece's brain drain finally reversing - The Greek Analyst
Apr 10, 2025 · According to the latest data from Eurostat, in 2023 immigration of Greek ... The Greek global diaspora population is estimated at about 5 million.Missing: size | Show results with:size
[58]
ΕΡΤ2 ΣΠΟΡ: Τηλεθέαση-ρεκόρ έως και 59% σημείωσε ο αγώνας ...
Oct 13, 2025 · Τον αγώνα παρακολούθησαν κατά μέσο όρο 683.000 τηλεθεατές, ενώ η συνολική κάλυψη έφτασε τα 1.550.000 άτομα. Σε επίπεδο λεπτού, το μερίδιο ...
[59]
The loss of ERT, the 'Greek BBC', is a cultural calamity - The Guardian
Jun 12, 2013 · The closure of ERT is a victory in the developing war between the Murdochs and the BBCs of this world. ERT aspired to BBC status and neutrality ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[60]
Greeks Around The World Archives - Voice of Greece - ΕΡΤ
Since 2022, Voice of Greece, ERT's international radio, has featured the 'Greeks Around the World' series. Curated by Greeks living abroad, ...
[61]
TNH Featured in ERT Documentary 'Routes of the Greek Diaspora'
Apr 25, 2023 · TNH Featured in ERT Documentary 'Routes of the Greek Diaspora' ... Eraklis A. Diamataris and Antonis H. Diamataris talk to Maya Tsoclis at TNH's ...
[62]
ERTFLIX goes international, bringing Greece to the world
Oct 30, 2023 · ERT is spreading its wings, packing up its most precious content and embarking on a journey to connect with Greeks Diaspora bringing them closer to Greece.Missing: original | Show results with:original
[63]
History and Culture: Society - Greece
Mar 5, 2012 · The public broadcaster in Greece is ERT, which owns three TV nationwide channels (ET-1, NET, ET-3), ERT WORLD EUROPE and ERT WORLD AMERICAS ...
[64]
Relaunched ERT chooses Globecast to reach Greek diaspora
Jul 26, 2016 · State-owned Greek national broadcaster ERT – The Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation – has selected Globecast to deliver ERT World and five ...Missing: international | Show results with:international
[65]
Relaunched ERT selects Globecast - Broadband TV News
Jul 18, 2016 · “It's vital for these services to reach the Greek diaspora, hence the need to be compatible with legacy equipment,” said Pumpalovic. “The ...
[66]
Our Global Voice Archives - Voice of Greece - ΕΡΤ
The show features prominent people of the Greek Diaspora, including scientists, politicians and entrepreneurs who share with us their meaningful experiences ...
[67]
Undertaking the project of transferring the international signal of ERT
Sep 22, 2025 · The project includes the transmission of the following services: Television program ERT World, Hybrid services HbbTV, Electronic program guide ...
[68]
Νέα Archives - Comart
Comart: Undertaking the project for the transmission of ERT's international signal - ERT World Comart S.A. undertook for one year the provision of transmission ...<|separator|>
[69]
Public service broadcasting placed under the control of the Prime ...
In July 2019, the government placed the Greek public service broadcasters, ERT, and ANA-MPA, the Athens News Agency – Macedonian Press Agency, under the ...
[70]
Greek ERT: State or Public Service Broadcaster? - ResearchGate
As both radio and TV broadcasting were launched under dictatorships (the late 1930s Metaxas dictatorship and the mid-1960s Colonels rule respectively), they ...
[71]
SYRIZA files an official complaint against ERT, the Greek public ...
The announcement also criticized the president of ERT, Konstantinos Zoulas, accusing him of displaying bias in favor of the ruling New Democracy party, for whom ...
[72]
Bias and misinformation on ERT, the public service broadcaster, in ...
In January and February 2021, the public service broadcaster, ERT, aired misleading and biased reports that supported the government's policy in the field ...Missing: allegations | Show results with:allegations
[73]
ERT journalist complains of censorship in the public broadcasting ...
However, in April 2021, journalist Machi Nikolara made an official complaint against ERT, the Greek public service broadcaster, accusing them of censorship and ...
[74]
[PDF] Greek ERT: State or Public Service Broadcaster?
Satellite channel ERT World would continue in its current format. Public radio, ERA, would also be affected by the changes. Five of its 20 medium-wave ...
[75]
Without warning, Greece shutters its public broadcaster
Jun 12, 2013 · The shock closure of ERT, which leaves some 2600 journalists out of work, is Greece's first mass layoff as it tries to cut costs as demanded ...
[76]
Greece suspends state broadcaster ERT to save money - BBC News
Jun 12, 2013 · All employees have been suspended pending a re-organisation. Thousands of people held a protest against the decision outside ERT headquarters.
[77]
Greece's state broadcaster defies government closure; RBS boss in ...
Jun 12, 2013 · For a public broadcaster, ERT has an extremely low audience share (circa 12%). One of the reasons ERT performs so poorly is that it has been ...
[78]
[DOC] Strategic Plan for Greeks Abroad
Dec 11, 2024 · Strategic vision for the Greek Diaspora: substantial, two-way and improved communication with the Greek Diaspora, strengthening of the Greek ...
[79]
Greece: A Grave Situation With Very Real Consequences | Truthout
Nov 8, 2014 · Opposing viewpoints have been limited, downplayed, and often discredited, while the remainder of their programming consists of ... ERT World ...
[80]
[PDF] Greek ERT: State or Public Service Broadcaster?
In mid-April 2018, ERT's journalists made an appeal, asking for ERT's independence from the government and the political world (To Vima,. 13/4/2018).Missing: pre- | Show results with:pre-
[81]
[PDF] The struggle over the Greek national broadcaster: a debate of ...
Jun 15, 2013 · In this context, ERT's “corruption and waste” are but a reflection of government policies. ... Given the current state of the commercial ...