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Edna Best

Edna Best (3 March 1900 – 18 September 1974) was a British actress renowned for her elegant portrayals in theater, film, and early television, spanning a career that bridged London stages and Hollywood screens. She first gained widespread acclaim on the London stage in the 1920s for her role as Tessa in The Constant Nymph (1926), a production co-starring Noël Coward and John Gielgud, and later starred in notable films including Alfred Hitchcock's thriller The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934), where she played a sharpshooting mother, and Intermezzo (1939) alongside Ingrid Bergman and Leslie Howard. Best made her professional debut in 1917 in Charley's Aunt at the Grand Theatre in Southampton and entered silent films in 1921, building a reputation for refined, ladylike characters before relocating to the United States in 1939, where she appeared in productions like The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947) and earned an Emmy nomination in 1957 for her television adaptation of This Happy Breed. Born Edna Clara Best in Hove, Sussex, England, she was educated locally in and trained in dramatic under Kate Rorke at the of and . Best married three times: first to fellow Seymour , with whom she had twin sons; second to prominent from 1928 to 1940, resulting in a daughter, actress Sarah Marshall (born 1933); and third to American film producer Nat Wolff in 1940, with whom she settled in Beverly Hills until his death. She became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1950 and was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6124 Hollywood Boulevard for her motion picture contributions. Best retired from in the early 1960s and passed away in a clinic in Geneva, Switzerland, after a long illness.

Early Life

Birth and Family

Edna Best was Edna Best on in , , . She was the of Best and (also known as Claire) Romaire Best. Her father, around 1872, provided a middle-class background in the coastal town of , though specific details of his occupation remain unspecified in available records. As the only child of her parents, with no evidence of siblings, Best grew up in a stable household that reflected the modest circumstances of early 20th-century middle-class life in southern England. The family resided primarily in the Hove and nearby Brighton area, a region known for its seaside resorts and emerging cultural scene, which may have offered early, informal exposure to the performing arts through local theaters and community events. Best's early childhood in this environment laid the groundwork for her later interests, though specific anecdotes of performance influences from this period are not well-documented. By her pre-teen years, she transitioned to formal schooling in Brighton, marking the shift toward structured education.

Education and Training

Edna Best attended schools in Brighton, Sussex, where she received a standard education that nurtured her early interest in the performing arts. Supported by from their , she advanced in . At the of and , Best studied dramatic under the guidance of Rorke, the school's first of Dramatic , appointed in 1906. Rorke's emphasized of , including dramatic techniques, vocal , and commanding presence, equipping Best with foundational skills for .

Career

Stage Performances

Edna Best made her debut at of 17 on , 1917, portraying Ela Delahay in Brandon Thomas's at the Grand Theatre in . This provincial marked the beginning of her theater , which initially focused on supporting roles in comedies during the late 1910s and early 1920s. In the 1920s, Best transitioned to London and provincial stages, taking on more prominent parts in light comedies and fantasies that showcased her youthful energy and charm. She played the title role of Peter Pan in J.M. Barrie's classic at the St. James's Theatre during the 1920–1921 season, with Harry Ainley as Captain Hook, and reprised it in 1922 with Lyn Harding in the role. Other early appearances included Stella in Brown Sugar (1922) opposite Herbert Marshall at the Duke of York's Theatre, and roles in Fair and Warmer (1919), Polly with a Past (1921), and Six Cylinder Love (1921–1923). By mid-decade, she had progressed to leading lady status, demonstrating versatility in both comedic and dramatic fare, as seen in her performance as Jane in Fallen Angels (1925) at the Globe Theatre alongside Tallulah Bankhead. Best's breakthrough in the West End came with the role of Tessa in The Constant Nymph (1926), adapted by Margaret Kennedy and Basil Dean from Kennedy's novel, at the New Theatre; she starred opposite Noël Coward as Lewis Dodd, later succeeded by John Gielgud, in a production that ran for over 400 performances and established her as a versatile actress capable of blending emotional depth with whimsical charm. She reprised the role on Broadway the same year. Further acclaim followed in comedies like The High Road (1928) and Come with Me (1928), both with Marshall, before her standout turn as Mary in A.A. Milne's Michael and Mary (1930) at the St. James's Theatre, which transferred to Broadway for 246 performances; critics praised her adept handling of the character's quiet intensity and wit, highlighting her range from light comedy to subtle drama. This stage success directly informed her 1931 film adaptation, where she recreated the role opposite Marshall. After her Hollywood peak in the 1930s, Best returned to the stage in the 1940s and 1950s, primarily in limited U.S. theater engagements that underscored her enduring poise in both comedic and dramatic roles. On Broadway, she appeared as Mary Cristof in Delicate Story (1940), Mary Adams in Yankee Point (1942), and Lavinia Penniman in a revival of The Heiress (1950). Her portrayal of Lady Cicely Waynflete in George Bernard Shaw's Captain Brassbound's Conversion (1950 revival at City Center) earned praise from Brooks Atkinson for its skillful blend of humor and authority, while her comic force as Jane Fowler in S.N. Behrman's Jane (1952) at the Coronet Theatre was lauded as "wonderful." Later highlights included Millie Crocker-Harris in Terence Rattigan's The Browning Version (1949), Lulu Ames in The Ladies of the Corridor (1953), and Mrs. Axel Diensen in Noël Coward's Quadrille (1954–1955), co-starring with Brian Aherne and Lynn Fontanne under Alfred Lunt's direction, affirming her lasting impact on transatlantic theater.

Film Roles

Edna Best began her film career in the silent era, appearing in early British productions such as Tilly of Bloomsbury (1921) and A Couple of Down and Outs (1923). Her transition to sound films occurred in 1930 with Sleeping Partners, marking her first talkie alongside husband Herbert Marshall. This period saw her in several British features, including Loose Ends, Escape, and Beyond the Cities (all 1930), often portraying refined, everyday women in domestic dramas. She gained prominence recreating her stage role in the adaptation of Michael and Mary (1931), co-starring with Marshall as a couple navigating marital tensions, which highlighted her poised, naturalistic acting style suited to the emerging sound medium. Further collaborations with Marshall followed in The Calendar (1931) and The Faithful Heart (1932), where she played a supportive wife in a tale of sacrifice and redemption. A pivotal moment came in 1934 with her role in Alfred Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much, portraying Jill Lawrence, a protective mother thrust into a kidnapping plot during a Swiss vacation. Best's performance, noted for its emotional intensity and a memorable rifle-shooting scene, showcased her ability to convey quiet strength amid suspense, contributing to the film's status as an early Hitchcock thriller. That year, she also appeared in The Key, a romantic drama opposite William Powell, signaling her initial foray into international co-productions. After appearing in the Hollywood production of The Key (1934), she continued working in British films until relocating to the United States in 1939 for , expanding her repertoire in American . Her roles increasingly emphasized maternal or supportive figures, including the lead role in South Riding (1938), adapting Winifred Holtby's , where she played Sarah , a schoolteacher advocating for . A standout was Intermezzo (1939), in which she portrayed Margit, the loyal wife of a violinist (Leslie Howard), opposite Ingrid Bergman's breakout performance as his lover, demonstrating Best's subtlety in understated emotional scenes. Best's Hollywood career peaked in the 1930s and 1940s, encompassing over 20 feature films that capitalized on her elegant demeanor and versatility in period pieces and family dramas. Notable among these was her portrayal of Elizabeth Robinson, the resilient matriarch, in the Disney adaptation Swiss Family Robinson (1940), emphasizing themes of survival and unity. She continued with supporting roles in A Dispatch from Reuters (1940) as Ida Magnus Reuter and reached a creative high in The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947), playing the pragmatic housekeeper Martha Huggins to Gene Tierney's widowed protagonist, blending humor and warmth in a supernatural romance. Other key appearances included The Late George Apley (1947) as Catherine Apley and Malaya (1949) alongside Spencer Tracy, where she depicted a steadfast ally in a wartime intrigue. Post-World War II, Best's film output declined as she became typecast in maternal and secondary roles, limiting opportunities for lead parts amid shifting industry preferences for younger stars. Her final theatrical release, The Iron Curtain (1948), cast her as Mrs. Albert Foster in a thriller, reflecting the era's tense geopolitical themes but underscoring her transition to character work. By the early 1950s, she largely stepped away from major motion pictures, focusing instead on other media.

Radio and Television Work

Edna Best began her radio in the 1930s, appearing in that adapted plays to the medium, leveraging her honed voice techniques from theatrical . One notable early was in the regional of , where she performed alongside actresses and . Following her move to Hollywood in the late 1930s, Best transitioned to American radio, frequently starring in adaptations of her own films on the prestigious Lux Radio Theatre. Her appearances included the 1939 broadcast of Goodbye, Mr. Chips opposite Laurence Olivier as the supportive wife Kathie, the 1942 adaptation of A Tale of Two Cities with Ronald Colman, Libel in 1943 again with Colman, and In Which We Serve later that year, starring in the Lux Radio Theatre adaptation of Noël Coward's wartime naval drama. These episodes, produced by CBS and sponsored by Lux soap, showcased her ability to convey emotional depth through audio alone, contributing to over a dozen documented radio performances across her . In 1952, she starred in Theatre Guild on the Air's of Love from a Stranger, an adaptation of the Agatha Christie thriller, alongside Ray Milland, highlighting her versatility in suspenseful narratives. Best entered in the , embracing the intimate of live anthology dramas that suited her refined, understated . She appeared in the 1950 NBC audition for The Halls of Ivy, playing alongside in a about . Other guest spots included The United States Steel Hour in 1953 as Redford and Robert Montgomery Presents in 1955, where she featured in the "P.J. and ." Her standout role came in the 1956 Ford Star Jubilee production of Noël Coward's This Happy Breed, portraying the matriarch Ethel Gibbons in a poignant family saga spanning the interwar years; for this performance, she received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in 1957. Between 1950 and 1959, Best accumulated at least five credits, primarily in dramatic anthologies that emphasized character-driven stories over spectacle.

Personal Life

Marriages

Edna Best's first marriage was to fellow actor William Seymour Beard in 1920, whom she met through their shared involvement in London theater circles. The couple had twin sons, but their union ended in divorce in June 1928, granted on grounds of Best's misconduct with actor Herbert Marshall amid the pressures of their rising careers. Best married Marshall on November 28, 1928, in Jersey City, New Jersey, shortly after her divorce from Beard and his own from his first wife; the pair had co-starred in the stage production The High Road earlier that year. As a high-profile couple in both British and American entertainment, they collaborated professionally on the stage play Michael and Mary (1930) and its 1931 film adaptation, as well as films including The Calendar (1931) and The Faithful Heart (1932). Their marriage, which produced a daughter, dissolved on February 7, 1940, in Reno, Nevada, on grounds of desertion following years of separation exacerbated by career strains and rumors of Marshall's infidelity, notably his 1934 affair with actress Gloria Swanson. That same day in Las Vegas, Best wed and Nat Wolff, beginning a low-key that provided during her continued work until Wolff's in March 1959. Unlike her previous unions, this involved no noted collaborations. Best's marriages were consistently to individuals in the acting and entertainment fields, often intersecting with her career and prompting relocations, such as her move to Hollywood with Marshall in the early 1930s to pursue film opportunities.

Family and Children

Edna Best had twin sons, James and John , with her first husband, Seymour Beard. Born in 1921, the boys grew up in during the 1920s amid their mother's rising . By their late teens, the twins had limited involvement in the eye; in 1939, at 17, they emigrated to , and the following year they briefly appeared as extras in the film Tom Brown's School Days under pseudonyms John Barry and James Seymour, suggesting an early disinterest in pursuing acting professionally. Little is known about their later lives, reflecting Best's preference for maintaining a private family orientation after her divorces. From her second marriage to Herbert Marshall, Best had a daughter, Sarah Marshall, born on May 25, 1933, in London. Unlike her half-brothers, Sarah followed her parents into acting, beginning her career on the stage in the early 1950s; notable highlights include a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her role in Goodbye, Charlie (1960). On television, she appeared in guest roles on series such as Star Trek ("The Deadly Years," 1967), The Twilight Zone ("The Twilight Zone Is 244 Rods from the Capitol," 1963), and Alfred Hitchcock Presents. Best's family life transitioned from in the , where her early career involved frequent theater commitments, to the in the following her to , with the family settling in . accompanied her parents to as a young child, while the twins remained more independent. After her from Marshall and subsequent marriage to Nat Wolff, Best resided in Beverly Hills, California, becoming a U.S. citizen in 1950, and prioritized a low-profile family dynamic thereafter.

Later Years and Death

Health Challenges

In the late 1950s, Edna Best faced profound health difficulties that profoundly altered her life. On , 1959, her third , , died at 58, leaving her in a of . Less than two months later, in early May 1959, Best suffered a severe while in , resulting in critical condition at the Neurological Institute of New York, part of Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, and partial paralysis on one side of her body. Best underwent following the and achieved a from the . The incident, however, effectively ended her , with her last known roles occurring in early 1959 and full by the early 1960s. Post-1959, she made no significant appearances, transitioning to a secluded private life supported by her family and residual earnings from prior work. Seeking further and respite, Best eventually relocated to Europe in her later years. She spent time in Switzerland, where she died on September 18, 1974, at age 74 in a Geneva clinic. No major health problems are recorded in her earlier life, indicating the 1959 as the primary catalyst for her physical decline.

Death

Edna Best died on 18 September 1974 in a clinic in Geneva, Switzerland, at the age of 74 after a long illness. She had suffered a stroke in 1959 while in New York, which contributed to her retirement from acting in the early 1960s and a subsequent period of declining health. Best had relocated to in her later years, possibly for health reasons and a milder , where she lived quietly away from the public eye. No public funeral was noted, and she was cremated privately, with her remaining undisclosed. Her passing received minimal , reflecting her faded prominence in the by the 1970s.

Recognition and Legacy

Awards and Honors

Edna Best received on in the Motion Pictures on February 8, 1960, located at 6124 . The ceremony honored her extensive contributions to , following that included notable roles such as in The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947), which bolstered her reputation in Hollywood. In 1957, Best earned a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress for her portrayal of Ethel Gibbons in the Ford Star Jubilee episode "This Happy Breed." Although she did not win—the award went to Claire Trevor for her performance in "Dodsworth" on Producers' Showcase—the recognition highlighted Best's dramatic versatility in early television adaptations of stage works. Best did not receive major film accolades such as or BAFTA Awards during her . Similarly, while she was a prominent figure in 1920s West End theater, earning critical acclaim for roles in productions like The Constant (1926), no formal British theater from that era are documented. Her honors were concentrated in the 1950s and 1960s, reflecting late- acknowledgments of her transatlantic influence in acting.

Cultural Impact

Edna Best played a pivotal role in the from silent films to era, beginning her screen in the silent Tilly of Bloomsbury and achieving prominence in early British talkies such as Michael and Mary (). Her work exemplifies the shift for British actresses navigating Hollywood opportunities, as she relocated to the United States in , where she continued in films like Intermezzo () and later television, becoming a naturalized citizen in the early 1950s. Best contributed to the archetype of the elegant, resilient maternal figure in 1930s and 1940s cinema, portraying protective mothers in films such as The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934), where her character Jill Lawrence embodies poised determination amid crisis, and Intermezzo, as a supportive parent to Ingrid Bergman's character. This portrayal of sophisticated maternal strength influenced subsequent depictions of British womanhood under duress, seen in later actresses like Greer Garson in Mrs. Miniver (1942), highlighting a continuity in Hollywood's representation of wartime-era fortitude. In Alfred Hitchcock's early sound thrillers, Best's performance as the sharpshooter mother in The Man Who Knew Too Much marked a significant contribution, with her climactic intervention at the Albert Hall—snatching a to thwart an assassin—remaining a thrilling set piece that underscores themes of maternal agency in suspense cinema. Despite this, her role receives comparatively less attention in Hitchcock scholarship than leading actresses like Madeleine Carroll, often overshadowed by the director's later Hollywood works and male-centric analyses. Scholarship on Best reveals gaps in documentation, particularly her 1950s television appearances in anthology series like Studio One and Robert Montgomery Presents, which lack comprehensive archival access beyond basic credits. Her post-1960 life following health issues is similarly underexplored, though potential exists for rediscovery through surviving BBC radio recordings from her earlier broadcasting career. Modern feminist film history has begun reevaluating supporting women's roles like Best's, framing them as subversive expressions of voice and authority in the male-dominated sound transition, as evidenced by analyses of actresses' vocal performances in early talkies. Best's theater lies in her foundational work in repertory , debuting in 1917 at the in in Charley's Aunt, which honed her versatility across comedic and dramatic roles before her film breakthrough. Her persists through occasional revivals of adaptations she originated, such as Noël Coward's Nymph (1926), underscoring her on ensemble-driven theater traditions.

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