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Gulab

Gulab (: गुलाब; : گلاب) is the primary term in and for the flower, denoting a thorny shrub of the genus Rosa prized for its fragrant blooms. The word derives from gulāb, a compound of gul ("flower" or "rose") and āb ("water"), which originally signified but evolved in South Asian usage to encompass the plant itself. In Indian culture, gulab holds symbolic value representing and , frequently appearing in , festivals, and , such as the rose-flavored syrup in the dessert . It also serves as a , particularly in Hindu and Muslim communities, evoking the flower's attributes of and vibrancy. Cultivated varieties of gulab roses, often or , are integral to traditional perfumery and Ayurvedic remedies for their essential oils and petals.

Etymology and Linguistic Origins

Derivation and Meaning

"Gulab" is a compound word derived from Persian gulāb (گلاب), formed by combining gul (گل), signifying "rose" or more broadly "flower," with āb (آب), meaning "water." This etymological structure yields a literal translation of "rose water," reflecting the substance's historical production through distillation of rose petals in water. The term's Persian roots trace to ancient distillation practices in the region, where rose water—known as gulāb—was valued for its aromatic and preservative qualities, as evidenced in early pharmacological and poetic texts. In linguistic evolution, gulāb was borrowed into like and , where it shifted semantically to primarily denote the rose flower (Rosa species), while preserving the "rose water" sense in Persian contexts. This adaptation occurred prominently during the era (1526–1857), when Persian influence permeated South Asian vocabulary through administrative, literary, and cultural exchanges.

Usage in Languages and Cultures

In and , gulab denotes the flower, referring to cultivated varieties within the genus , which comprises over 300 species of woody perennials native to temperate regions. The term derives from gulāb, a compound of gul (flower) and āb (water), originally emphasizing but commonly applied to the flower in South Asian contexts for its fragrant petals used in rituals, adornments, and confections. Across Persian-influenced South Asian cultures, gulab symbolizes beauty, romantic love, and spiritual purity, often appearing in Sufi poetry as a metaphor for the heart's unfolding toward divine union amid thorns of worldly trials. In traditional systems like Ayurveda and Unani medicine, gulab petals and distillates exhibit cooling and anti-inflammatory effects, employed historically to pacify excess Pitta, soothe digestive irritations such as hyperacidity, and calm mental agitation, with formulations like gulkand (rose petal preserve) documented for enhancing vitality and reducing inflammation. Distillation of gulab into rose water and attar (essential oil), primarily from Rosa damascena, traces to Persian and Arab practices refined by the 9th century, yielding products for perfumery and therapeutics via steam extraction of petals harvested at dawn for maximal volatile oils. Variations such as gul-e-gulab designate specific damask or centifolia roses suited for these processes, integral to cultural exchanges along Silk Road trade routes.

Notable People

Historical Rulers and Figures

Maharaja Gulab Singh (1792–1857) established the as its founder and served as the inaugural Maharaja of from 1846 until his death. Originally from a collateral branch of the ruling family, he entered the service of Maharaja of the around 1809 as a trooper and rapidly advanced through military exploits, including the siege of in 1819. By 1822, appointed him Raja of , granting him jagirs and authority over hill territories after he subdued local principalities such as in 1817. Gulab Singh expanded his domain through conquests, including Kishtwar in 1821—where he personally killed the ruling Raja Tegh Mohammad Singh—and in the same year, consolidating control under Sikh overlordship. In 1837, he led forces to suppress the Poonch Revolt against and Sikh rule, employing harsh measures to restore order amid initial rebel successes. His strategic alignment with the during the (1845–1846) positioned him to capitalize on the Sikh Empire's defeat; under the Treaty of Amritsar signed on March 16, 1846, the ceded , , , and to him in exchange for 7.5 million rupees (75 Nanakshahi rupees), formalizing his independence as . This transaction, rooted in post-war indemnity arrangements, has sparked debate over its nature—portrayed in dispatches as a pragmatic sale of valley territories to a proven , yet critiqued by contemporaries and later analysts for treating lands as commodities amid expansionist , with Gulab Singh's prior conquests blurring lines between purchase and subjugation. He implemented administrative reforms, including revenue systems and military organization, to stabilize the diverse , though his rule relied on alliances with power rather than broad consent.

Entertainers and Performers

Gulab (born June 10, 1908, in , ) was an early in Indian cinema, appearing in silent films such as Janjir Ne Jankare (1927) and Kono Vank (1929). She transitioned to sound films in , debuting in a talkie with (1931) despite family opposition, and continued in supporting roles across productions into the mid-20th century, including (1944). Her career spanned the shift from silent era to Bollywood's establishment, contributing to over 150 films as a character , though often in typecast secondary parts reflective of limited opportunities for non-lead performers in that period. Gulab Chandio (January 6, 1958 – January 18, 2019) was a Pakistani television and film actor prominent in Sindhi and Urdu dramas, emerging in the early 1980s with roles in Sindhi-language productions. He appeared in films such as Toofan (1993), Ditho Waindo (1994), and Shah (2015), accumulating credits in comedic and character roles within Pakistani cinema and television. Chandio, who suffered from heart disease and diabetes, died in Karachi at age 61 following a prolonged illness. His work highlighted the niche for regional actors in Sindhi media, though constrained by the dominance of Urdu-centric industries and typecasting in supporting comedic parts.

Modern Professionals and Artists

Gulab Sidhu, a singer from , emerged in the post-2010s music with tracks blending traditional influences and contemporary pop rhythms. His "Nakhra," released in March 2023, has accumulated over 19.9 million streams on , reflecting commercial viability through digital . Other hits like "Baba Bhali Kare" exceed 18 million streams, contributing to his 2.5 million monthly listeners on the platform as of October 2025. These metrics underscore streaming-driven success in a increasingly reliant on distribution, though Sidhu's lyrics often emphasize romantic coquetry and bravado rather than overt . Critics of music's commercialization argue that post-2010s outputs prioritize over cultural depth, with lyrical themes shifting from traditional motifs of agrarian and familial to of materialism, substance use, and interpersonal conflict. The in 2019 highlighted how such content influences youth toward normalized deviance, citing rises in emulative behaviors among children exposed to songs promoting and guns. Empirical analyses of top tracks reveal recurring references to luxury vehicles and defiance, diverging from pre-commercialization narratives rooted in Punjab's rural ethos, though artists like maintain broader appeal via accessible beats without explicit endorsements of illegality. In , Gulab Kapadiya (born 1992 in , ) represents a through paintings depicting everyday laborers such as cobblers, vendors, and flower sellers, rendered in layered watercolors evoking vintage dignity amid socioeconomic margins. Working from , his oeuvre critiques urban informality without romanticization, focusing on the quiet persistence of small-scale commerce in modern . Among professionals, Gulab Shah exemplifies post-1947 Indian migration patterns to the , relocating from , , to via JFK Airport and establishing a sense of permanence in his adopted homeland. Such narratives, drawn from oral histories archived by South Asian American collections, align with broader census data showing Indian immigrants' adaptation through entrepreneurship and community networks, often in service sectors, amid the 1965 Immigration Act's facilitation of skilled inflows exceeding 2.7 million by 2020.

Geographical Locations

Gardens and Parks

Gulab Bagh, also known as Sajjan Niwas , is a prominent in , , established in the late by Maharana Sajjan Singh of . Spanning approximately 100 acres, it was developed starting around 1878 as a botanical space emphasizing ornamental and , with horticulturist T.H. Story appointed in 1882 to curate collections including . The garden's name derives from its extensive rose plantings, which a 2015 floral survey identified as comprising 1,824 amid a total of 24,387 plant specimens, contributing to regional biodiversity conservation efforts. Key features include meandering pathways, lotus ponds, and small worship sites integrated into the , alongside a historic housing rare manuscripts. The enclosed , operational since the garden's inception and recognized as one of India's four oldest, houses species such as leopards, , and , originally intended to support ex-situ . Post-1900 developments, including enhanced landscaping, have positioned the site as a draw for , bolstering Udaipur's through entry fees and related visitation, though precise revenue figures remain undocumented in public audits. Maintenance challenges have persisted, with visitor accounts from the 2020s noting weed overgrowth, unkempt paths, and inadequate enclosure upkeep in the zoo, potentially compromising through barren habitats and limited veterinary oversight. Government evaluations of Indian zoos, including those under the , have flagged similar systemic issues like insecure fencing and staffing shortages, though Gulab Bagh has avoided outright derecognition. These lapses contrast with the garden's foundational role in promoting horticultural tourism, underscoring causal links between funding shortfalls and degraded site conditions.

Historical Monuments and Sites

Gulab Bari, situated in (formerly ), , serves as the mausoleum of , the third who ruled from 1753 until his death in 1775. The complex was commissioned by the Nawab himself during his lifetime in the mid-18th century, reflecting the opulence of 's Nawabi era following his political realignments after the in 1764, where Awadh forces under his command were defeated by British East India Company troops, leading to a subsequent that stabilized his rule. This period marked a shift toward Persian-influenced patronage in architecture, blending symmetry with local Indo-Islamic elements to symbolize enduring legacy amid shifting colonial dynamics. The site's core features include a central two-story square with a prominent dome, flanked by minarets, approached via arched gateways and enclosing gardens that inspired its name, "Garden of Roses." Accompanying structures encompass an Imambara for Shia rituals, a , a royal (Shahi Hammam), pavilions (baradari), and artificial ponds with fountains, all integrated into a walled enclosure emphasizing axial layouts typical of garden . Decorative details feature lattice screens on terraces, intricate wall carvings, and geometric tilework, evidencing a synthesis of Safavid aesthetics with late decline-era adaptations, constructed primarily from and for durability in the subtropical climate. Preservation efforts fall under the (ASI), which has issued draft heritage bylaws for the site to regulate development and maintenance, though reports indicate partial ruin of pavilions and inconsistent upkeep, attributed to post-1857 administrative neglect of regional Nawabi monuments and subsequent post-independence resource prioritization toward more prominent Islamic or colonial sites. ASI documentation from the highlights structural integrity in the core but underscores challenges from urbanization pressures in , prompting debates in heritage circles over allocating funds for specialized restoration—such as dome reinforcement and garden revival—versus broader national priorities like excavations, with critics arguing that underfunding perpetuates a selective narrative favoring certain historical layers over Awadh's syncretic Nawabi contributions.

Villages and Natural Features

Gulab Garh is a rural village in Gool-Gulabgarh tehsil, , , , located approximately 25 kilometers from the sub-district headquarters. The 2011 census recorded a population of 1,519 across 270 households, with 856 males and 663 females, reflecting a of 775 and a literacy rate below the state average, indicative of sparse settlement patterns driven by rugged terrain. The village's natural features encompass hilly landscapes and adjacent forested zones typical of the foothills, fostering an ecology suited to and limited . These forests provide timber and support , with local farming influenced by the region's that enables of crops including fruits and potentially aromatic plants like roses, etymologically linked to the name "Gulab." Infrastructure constraints persist due to the area's remoteness and historical security challenges near the , limiting road connectivity and electrification as per district-level assessments. In nearby Poonch district, Gulabgarh serves as a lesser-known hill settlement amid verdant valleys and coniferous forests, emphasizing the district's potential through its alpine meadows and riverine features. These elements underscore causal dependencies on seasonal precipitation for , sustaining sparse agrarian communities amid developmental gaps in and networks reported in regional surveys.

Other Uses and References

In Cuisine and Food

Gulab jamun consists of deep-fried balls formed from , , and , which are then soaked in a hot flavored with (gulab jal) and . The is kneaded with a small amount of or powder for softness, shaped into spheres or oblongs, fried in or oil at low heat to achieve a golden-brown exterior, and immersed in the syrup while both are warm to ensure absorption without disintegration. This dessert traces its development to the Mughal Empire's culinary synthesis of techniques and Indian ingredients in the , adapting earlier Middle Eastern fritters like the luqmat al-qadi—judge's bites—into a milk-based form suited to local dairy abundance. Historical accounts link its refinement to imperial kitchens under rulers like , where khoya replaced coarser flours, distinguishing it from plain beverages or infusions used in other subcontinental sweets. Regional adaptations appear across the : in , drier versions emphasize khoya for chewiness; Pakistani preparations often incorporate for texture; and Bangladeshi variants like substitute chickpea flour and stuff with sugar crystals before . These differences reflect local availability and methods, yet retain the core rose-saffron syrup for aromatic cohesion. Nutritionally, one standard piece (about 50 grams) provides roughly 150 calories, with over 50% from fats in the khoya and frying medium, 35% from carbohydrates, and minimal protein or . Frequent overconsumption elevates risks of and due to rapid glycemic spikes from refined sugars and saturated fats, as evidenced by elevated postprandial glucose in studies of similar high-glycemic sweets. Initially reserved for royal banquets as a luxurious post-meal indulgence, transitioned to mass accessibility by the 19th century through itinerant halwais (confectioners), becoming a staple at festivals, weddings, and street stalls, with syrup recipes scaled for efficiency in urban bazaars.

In

Cyclonic Storm Gulab formed in the northwest from a that organized into a on , 2021, and subsequently intensified into a cyclonic storm amid favorable conditions including warm sea surface temperatures exceeding 28°C, as observed via IMD . The name "Gulab," contributed by under the World Meteorological Organization's panel on tropical cyclones for the North Indian Ocean region, translates to "rose" in and reflects standardized naming conventions aimed at cultural neutrality and ease of communication. The storm followed a west-northwest , reaching sustained winds of around 90 km/h with higher gusts before making landfall on September 26, 2021, near Kalingapatnam in , , adjacent to the Odisha coast. Post-landfall, it weakened rapidly into a deep depression while moving inland, triggering heavy rainfall exceeding 200 mm in isolated areas of Odisha and , which exacerbated flooding due to the region's monsoon-saturated soils. Gulab's impacts included 18 fatalities linked to the system across , , and , primarily from and structural collapses amid floods and winds. The cyclone damaged , crops, and homes, with remnants contributing to severe flooding that displaced thousands and prompted damage assessments estimating losses in the range of ₹2,000 , though comprehensive figures varied due to ongoing evaluations of agricultural shortfalls. Preparatory measures by state authorities, guided by IMD bulletins, involved evacuating approximately 46,000 residents from coastal zones in and thousands more in to relief camps, averting potentially higher casualties despite vertical limiting further intensification. Some losses occurred among before full warnings disseminated, highlighting gaps in to users, but overall empirical data on evacuations versus reported deaths indicate robust causal effectiveness of forecast-driven responses in reducing human toll relative to the storm's hydrological forcing.

In Media and Brands

Gulaab Gang (2014), an Indian Hindi-language action-drama directed by , stars as Rajjo, leader of a vigilante group of women in pink saris fighting rural social injustices like domestic abuse and corruption, drawing inspiration from the real in . The film earned ₹22.7 worldwide, with ₹14.58 nett in , classifying it as a flop amid competition from releases like Queen. Reviews highlighted its portrayal of female solidarity against patriarchal structures but critiqued the romanticization of , which sidesteps legal accountability and risks endorsing over , as the real group's founder Sampat Pal alleged in a failed claiming reputational harm through fictionalized depictions. Gulab Oils, an manufacturer established over 50 years ago, produces variants of filtered and cold-pressed oil under brands like Gulab Gold and Gulab Goodness, promoting cholesterol-free, chemical-free extraction for everyday cooking in health-conscious households. These products target South Asian markets via online platforms and retail, emphasizing natural aroma and antioxidants without specific public sales figures indicating broader dominance but steady niche appeal in edible oils. Similarly, Gulab Indian Bistro in —opened in 2023 by an Army veteran—serves North Indian dishes like , reflecting localized branding for communities seeking authentic flavors. Such commercial uses underscore "Gulab" as evoking cultural familiarity in brands, though portrayals in media like Gulaab Gang often prioritize dramatic empowerment narratives at the expense of scrutinizing extrajudicial methods' long-term efficacy.

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