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Indian Game

The Indian Game, also known as the Cornish chicken, is a heritage breed of domestic chicken originating from Cornwall, England, developed in the early 19th century through crosses between indigenous game fowl and imported Oriental breeds such as the Aseel.^[1] Characterized by its muscular, heart-shaped body and distinctive upright carriage, the breed features males weighing up to 10.5 pounds and females around 8 pounds, with close-fitting feathers in colors ranging from iridescent greens and buffs to solid whites, small pea combs, and yellow beaks and shanks.^[1] Primarily valued for meat production due to its rapid growth and firm-fleshed carcass—often marketed as the "Cornish hen"—it is also used in crossbreeding programs to produce commercial broilers like the Cornish Cross, though it lays fewer than 160 small to medium tinted eggs annually and is not favored for egg production.^[1] Originally named the "Indian Game" around 1820 by breeder Sir Walter Gilbert, who crossed Black Breasted Red Game chickens with Red Aseel imports from India, the breed gained recognition for its fighting qualities before being standardized for exhibition and table use.^[1] In 1910, the American Poultry Association officially renamed it the Cornish to honor its Cornish roots, distinguishing it from the more slender Indian Game variants still shown in the United Kingdom.^[1] Today, the Indian Game or Cornish is classified as a "Watch" breed by conservation organizations due to declining purebred populations, with efforts focused on preserving its genetic diversity for sustainable poultry farming.^[1] Despite its docile temperament in hens, roosters can exhibit aggression, making it suitable for free-range or spacious environments where its active foraging nature can be expressed.^[1]

History

Origins in India and Early Exports

The roots of the Indian Game breed lie in the indigenous gamefowls of South Asia, particularly the Asil (also known as Aseel), an ancient strain originating from the Indian subcontinent that has been selectively bred for over 2,000 years.^[2] Historical records indicate that cockfighting, a practice central to the development of these birds, emerged during the Vedic period around 1500 BCE, with early references to rooster combat in ancient Indian texts reflecting its cultural significance in principalities and festivals.^[3] These indigenous fowls were valued for their robust physique, derived from long-standing traditions of breeding fighting cocks in regions like Punjab and Sindh.^[4] In India, cockfighting traditions profoundly influenced the selective breeding of these gamefowls, emphasizing traits such as exceptional strength, agility, and endurance to excel in ritualistic and competitive arenas.^[5] This cultural practice, documented in ancient codes like the Manusmriti and later medieval texts such as the Manasollasa, drove generations of breeders to prioritize birds with powerful builds and aggressive temperaments, laying the genetic foundation for what would become the Indian Game.^[6] The Asil, in particular, exemplified this heritage, with its tall stature, tight feathering, and muscular frame honed through centuries of combat-oriented selection.^[7] The early exports of these birds to Britain began in the 1820s and 1830s, facilitated by the East India Company's maritime trade routes that brought Asil- and Malay-like gamefowls from India and Southeast Asia to ports such as Falmouth and Plymouth in Cornwall and Devon.^[8] These imports, arriving on trading vessels amid broader exchanges of exotic animals and goods, introduced tall, oriental game strains that captivated British breeders seeking to enhance local poultry.^[9] Key figures like Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert of Bodmin, Cornwall, played a pivotal role around 1820–1835 by importing these birds and initiating crosses with native British game strains, such as the Aseel with English Black-Breasted Reds, to create the foundational stock of the Indian Game.^[1] This initial adaptation marked the transition from Indian origins to British development, though formal recognition came later.^[10]

Development and Recognition in Britain

The development of the Indian Game breed in Britain began in the early 19th century, primarily in the counties of Cornwall and Devon, where breeders crossed imported Asian birds such as the Asil from India with local English Game fowls and later incorporated Malay influences to enhance size and structure.^[8]^[11] These initial crosses, initiated around 1820 by figures like Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert, aimed to produce superior gamecocks but resulted in a tall, angular bird with a rangy build suited more for utility than combat prowess.^[12] By the 1840s, such breeding efforts had spread, with the first public exhibitions of these birds occurring outside the West Country at the Crystal Palace Shows in 1858 and 1859.^[11] The Cruelty to Animals Act of 1835, which prohibited cockfighting in England and Wales, marked a pivotal shift for the breed, redirecting breeding focus from fighting to meat production and exhibition.^[13] This legislative change emphasized the Indian Game's potential as a table bird due to its muscular conformation and efficient feed conversion, leading to selective breeding for broader breasts while retaining a distinctive tall stature in early standards.^[14] The first formal breed standards were published in 1865 by the Poultry Club of Great Britain, which included the Indian Game among a handful of recognized breeds and highlighted its utility traits over ornamental or aggressive qualities.^[15] In 1886, the formation of the Indian Game Club in Cornwall further standardized and promoted the breed, establishing rules for conformation, color, and breeding practices to preserve its unique characteristics amid growing interest in utility poultry.^[16] The club, still active today, played a key role in maintaining breed purity during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as breeders like John Pomroy and William Brent popularized it through shows and selective crosses that refined its hard-feathered, deep-bodied form.^[11] This era solidified the Indian Game's recognition as a foundational British breed, influencing modern meat production lines while prioritizing its historical Asian heritage.

Physical Characteristics

Body Conformation and Size

The Indian Game chicken exhibits a distinctive body conformation characterized by a thickset, compact, and muscular build that reflects its gamefowl heritage, with a broad, deep chest and powerful, sloping back that tapers toward the tail. This upright carriage, often described as commanding and bulldog-like, features short, stout legs set wide apart for stability, contributing to a low-slung posture rather than exceptional height. The overall frame is angular yet solid, with prominent shoulder butts and a well-rounded breast that emphasizes meat production potential.^[17]^[18]^[19] The breed has two main strains: the exhibition strain (A-type), which is taller and more slender with a more upright, game-like posture, and the table/utility strain (B-type), which is shorter-legged and more compact for meat production. In terms of size, standard Indian Game roosters typically weigh at least 3.6 kg (8 lbs), while hens range from at least 2.7 kg (6 lbs), though actual weights can vary slightly based on breeding lines and nutrition, often reaching 4–5 kg. Bantam varieties are proportionately smaller, with cocks at around 2.0 kg and hens at 1.5–2.0 kg. Height at the comb is generally moderate, not exceeding typical poultry dimensions due to the short leg structure, which supports a robust but grounded stance rather than elongated proportions.^[18]^[17] Skeletal features include a broad skull, short and stout beak, and muscular thighs with round, thick bones that enhance strength for agility. The wings are small and held closely to the body, minimizing drag, while the tail is medium-length with a slight droop in males. Toes are straight, strong, and spreading, with the fourth toe positioned low and nearly flat to the ground for balance.^[17]^[1] Despite their robust constitution, Indian Game chickens can be prone to leg issues, such as poor form or strain, attributed to their widely spaced hips, short legs, and rapid muscular growth, which may lead to mobility challenges if not managed with adequate exercise and footing.^[20]^[1]^[21]

Plumage, Color Variations, and Comb Types

The plumage of the Indian Game chicken is characterized by short, hard, and close-fitting feathers that contribute to its robust appearance and suitability for exhibition. This tight feathering extends across the body, with males exhibiting abundant, iridescent hackle and saddle feathers, while females display a denser fluff beneath a similar but less pronounced structure. The tail is notably short, featuring prominent sickle feathers in cocks that add to the breed's distinctive silhouette.^[22]^[17] Accepted color varieties in the Indian Game include the Dark, which features a black base with glossy green sheen and bay or chestnut accents on the neck, shoulders, and wings in males, contrasted by a rich chestnut-brown ground with black lacing in females; the Wheaten, displaying wheaten hackles and saddles with black breast in males and wheaten plumage laced in black for females; and the Jubilee, marked by white plumage with chestnut shaftings in males and chestnut-brown with white lacing in females. Other recognized varieties encompass Black, showing lustrous green-black surfaces; White, entirely white in plumage and undercolor; and Double Laced Blue, featuring even blue tones with darker blue on the head and bay accents in males, over a chestnut ground with blue lacing in females. Bantam varieties mirror these colors in miniature form, maintaining the same patterns and sheen.^[22]^[17] The comb is of the pea type, small, firm, and closely set on the head with three longitudinal ridges, the center one double in height; it is bright red in color. Wattles are small, smooth, and brilliant red, complementing moderate-sized earlobes that are also red and almond-shaped.^[22]^[17] Sexual dimorphism in plumage is evident, with males showing more vibrant iridescence in hackles and saddle feathers, often in bay, chestnut, or wheaten tones against darker body colors, and a tail carried at approximately 45 degrees above horizontal. Females, in contrast, have subdued lacing on brown or wheaten grounds, with tails held closer at 30 degrees and a fuller underfluff for protection. These differences are key to breed standards and enhance the visual appeal in shows.^[22]

Temperament and Behavior

Behavioral Traits

The Indian Game chicken, derived from crosses between English Game cocks and aggressive Oriental fighting breeds such as the Aseel and Malay, exhibits a bold and assertive temperament rooted in its gamecock ancestry, often manifesting as territorial behavior and pronounced intra-male aggression among roosters.^[1] Males are often pugnacious.^[23] This heritage, intended initially to produce superior fighting birds though ultimately unsuccessful in that role, predisposes roosters to sparring and dominance displays, making them vigilant protectors of their flock but challenging to house in groups larger than one mature male without careful management.^[1] While some individuals may direct aggression toward humans if not handled regularly, the overall disposition remains calm and docile when socialized from a young age, allowing for reduced fighting tendencies through consistent interaction.^[1] Chicks tend to be more cannibalistic than in some other breeds.^[23] In flock dynamics, hens display strong broody instincts, frequently going broody and serving as protective mothers, though their high activity levels can sometimes limit their effectiveness as setters.^[23] These hens are assertive in establishing pecking order, often seeking dominant positions without excessive bullying, and pair well with a single vigilant rooster who monitors the group effectively.^[1] Roosters, when managed with a small harem of hens rather than multiple males, contribute to stable interactions by focusing protective behaviors on the group rather than rivals. The breed demonstrates high energy through active foraging on the ground, scratching and pecking for insects and greens, yet remains less flighty than lighter breeds due to its heavy, muscular build that limits aerial escapes.^[1] Vocalization is prominent, with roosters engaging in frequent crowing to assert territory and attract mates, a trait amplified by their game origins.^[23] Early socialization not only mitigates aggression but also enhances their adaptability, turning potentially combative birds into reliable, responsive companions in controlled environments.^[1]

Suitability for Different Environments

Indian Game chickens excel in free-range systems, where their active nature allows them to thrive as proficient foragers in spacious outdoor areas.^[8] Their preference for such environments stems from a need for ample space to express natural behaviors, though secure fencing—typically at least 3 feet high—is essential to prevent wandering due to their exploratory tendencies.^[8] In these settings, they demonstrate hardiness against common environmental stressors, contributing to their suitability for pasture-based rearing.^[8] In confined housing, Indian Game birds can tolerate coops provided sufficient space is available to accommodate their large size and allow for the separation of males, whose aggressive traits may lead to conflicts in tight quarters.^[24] They require low perches to suit their heavy build and additional shelter to protect their tight, thinner feathering from drafts.^[8] However, they are not ideal for small backyard setups, as overcrowding exacerbates their space demands and potential for intra-flock tension.^[24] Regarding climate adaptability, Indian Game chickens are hardy in temperate conditions like those of the UK, where they originated, but their tight feathering offers limited insulation against cold, necessitating protection during harsh winters.^[8] Shade and ventilation are crucial to mitigate overheating in intense conditions.^[8] For compatibility in mixed flocks, Indian Game birds pair best with calm, docile breeds that can withstand their occasionally assertive demeanor, as roosters in particular may exhibit aggression toward smaller or more submissive companions.^[1] They are not recommended for integration with bantams or lightweight varieties due to significant size differences, which can result in bullying or injury during establishment of pecking order.^[24]

Primary Varieties of Indian Game

The Indian Game breed is divided into large fowl and bantam size classes, with the latter representing a miniature version that maintains the same distinctive conformation of a long, deep body, wide breast, and horizontal carriage, but scaled down proportionally. Large fowl roosters typically weigh around 3.6 kg in British standards, while hens weigh 2.7 kg; in contrast, American standards for the equivalent Cornish breed specify larger sizes, with roosters at 4.8 kg and hens at 3.6 kg. Bantam weights vary by region: in the UK, roosters weigh approximately 2.0 kg and hens 1.5 kg; in the US, roosters weigh about 1.25 kg and hens 1.0 kg, allowing for exhibition in smaller formats without altering the breed's core structure.^[14]^[1]^[25]^[26] Color varieties of the Indian Game emphasize laced or solid patterns that highlight the breed's hard-feathering and glossy plumage, with standards varying by region. In the United Kingdom, the Poultry Club recognizes three primary color lines: Dark (double-laced black with green sheen), Jubilee (double-laced chestnut-brown with white edging), and Double Laced Blue (a blue-gray variant of the laced pattern). These varieties feature black or white lacing on a base of black, chestnut, or blue, with roosters displaying iridescent hackles and saddles.^[14]^[8]^[27] In the United States, where the breed is standardized as Cornish by the American Poultry Association, color varieties are recognized separately for large fowl and bantams. Large fowl varieties include Dark, Buff, White, and White Laced Red. Bantam varieties include Black, Blue Laced Red, Buff, Dark, Mottled, Spangled, White, and White Laced Red. These American lines often exhibit broader color diversity due to historical crossbreeding influences.^[28]^[29]^[1] Regional strains reflect these standards, with UK Indian Game birds generally adhering to lighter, more refined frames suited to exhibition, whereas US Cornish strains are bred for greater mass and meat yield, resulting in noticeably larger birds overall. Some color lines in both regions show subtle down color differences at hatch that can aid in early gender identification, though this varies by strain and is not universally standardized.^[14]^[1]

Distinction from Modern Game and Other Gamefowls

The Indian Game, a utility breed developed in Britain during the early 19th century, differs markedly from the Modern Game, which emerged in the 1860s as an ornamental variety bred specifically for exhibition following the UK's cockfighting ban. While the Indian Game features a stocky, muscular build optimized for meat production, with cocks weighing 3.6–4.1 kg and a compact body conformation emphasizing breadth over height, the Modern Game is characterized by an exaggerated tall, slender stature—often reaching 70–80 cm or more at the shoulder—with long legs and a sleek, upright carriage designed for show aesthetics rather than functionality. This distinction arose as breeders refined the Modern Game from Old English Game influences and Oriental imports to prioritize visual appeal, resulting in hard, close-lying feathers and minimal utility value, whereas the Indian Game retains a more robust, broad-chested form suited to table bird production.^[30]^[18]^[1] In comparison to other gamefowls of Asian origin, the Indian Game is a British hybrid derivative rather than a pure import, setting it apart from breeds like the Aseel and Shamo. The Aseel, an ancient Indian breed originating over 2,000 years ago and primarily developed for cockfighting, is smaller and more compact, with cocks typically weighing around 2.5 kg, a pronounced upright posture, and a fiercer, more pugnacious temperament focused on stamina in combat rather than meat yield; it served as a key ancestor in the Indian Game's creation through crosses with English Game fowl, but lacks the latter's heavier bone structure and broader body. Similarly, the Shamo, a Japanese breed derived from Thai fighting fowl (likely influenced by Aseel stock) and imported to Japan in the 17th century, shares the Indian Game's muscularity and game heritage but is taller and leaner, with cocks up to 5.6 kg and a distinctive cushion or pea comb, emphasizing agility and height over the Indian Game's stockier utility frame. These differences highlight the Indian Game's selective breeding in Britain for dual-purpose traits, contrasting with the Aseel's pure fighting lineage and the Shamo's oriental show and combat refinements.^[31]^[32]^[1] Genetically, the Indian Game has played a foundational role in modern poultry breeding, particularly as a parent breed in the development of the Cornish through targeted crosses that enhanced meat qualities for commercial production. In the United States, where the breed is commonly known as Cornish, it contributed to hybrids like the Cornish Cross broiler, which dominates the global chicken meat industry due to its rapid growth and high breast muscle yield derived from the Indian Game's broad chest and close feathering. This utility focus distinguishes it from ornamental gamefowls and underscores its influence on breeds prioritizing economic traits over exhibition.^[1]^[18] Common misidentifications often confuse the Indian Game with direct imports from India, such as the Aseel, but it specifically refers to the standardized British utility type established in Cornwall around 1820, refined from Asian game imports for local agricultural needs rather than preserving unaltered oriental strains. This British adaptation avoids the purebred fighting attributes of Asian forebears, positioning the Indian Game as a distinct, purpose-bred variety in Western poultry genetics.^[1]^[18]

Uses and Management

As a Meat Producer

The Indian Game chicken, originally developed in the early 19th century for its game qualities, transitioned to a primary role in meat production around 1880, when selective breeding emphasized its muscular build for table birds rather than fighting, significantly influencing the development of modern broiler strains through crosses with breeds like Plymouth Rock.^[33]^[1] This breed exhibits moderate growth performance compared to commercial hybrids, with table birds typically reaching market weight at 12-16 weeks of age, allowing for a more natural maturation that enhances meat quality over rapid commercial cycles.^[34] Its physical conformation, characterized by broad breasts and substantial leg musculature, contributes to high meat yield, with notable emphasis on breast and leg portions.^[19] Dietary management for Indian Game emphasizes balanced rations with 18-22% crude protein to support muscle development, often supplemented by foraging opportunities that reduce feed costs and align with the breed's heritage foraging instincts.^[35] This approach leverages their adaptability, allowing access to pasture or insects to meet nutritional needs without excessive concentrate reliance. In contemporary markets, Indian Game appeals to gourmet and heritage consumers for its richer flavor profile, derived from slower growth and diverse muscle fibers, distinguishing it from the milder taste of fast-growing broilers and commanding premium pricing in niche segments focused on sustainable, flavorful poultry.^[36]

Exhibition and Show Standards

Preparation for exhibiting Indian Game birds emphasizes achieving optimal conformation, plumage quality, and vitality, typically starting 4-6 weeks prior to the show with specialized conditioning diets rich in proteins and vitamins to enhance feather sheen and muscle tone while highlighting the breed's upright carriage and robust type. Trimming of the beak, toenails, and spurs (for males) is conducted 1-2 weeks before the event using appropriate tools like plier-style clippers to ensure a neat, show-ready appearance without over-trimming, which could cause discomfort or injury.^[37]^[38] Judging criteria for Indian Game at poultry shows prioritize breed type and overall conformation, with established standards allocating points across key attributes to evaluate adherence to the ideal form. According to the Open Poultry Standards for the breed, the scale of points is as follows: Type and Colour (53 points), Head (17 points), Carriage (12 points), Size (10 points), and Condition (8 points), totaling 100 points, reflecting an emphasis on the bird's structural integrity, plumage patterns, and presentation.^[17] These criteria align broadly with American Poultry Association guidelines for related varieties like Cornish, where conformation and type form the foundation of assessment, though exact weightings may vary by jurisdiction.^[1] Indian Game birds, particularly bantams, have achieved notable success in major UK exhibitions, such as the National Poultry Show, where they frequently secure top placements in hard-feather classes for their striking appearance and adherence to standards.^[39] Bantam varieties are especially popular in these competitive classes due to their compact size and vivid color variations, often dominating entries and wins at events like the Scottish National Poultry Show.^[40] Breeding programs for exhibition have long focused on selective lines that prioritize aesthetic qualities—such as deep, broad breasts, tight feathering, and precise lacing—over purely utilitarian meat yield, a shift evident since the breed's standardization in the early 20th century when show benches influenced development away from initial table bird emphases.^[8] This ornamental value has sustained the breed's presence in competitive displays, with breeders maintaining distinct show strains to meet judging ideals.^[14]

Conservation and Current Status

Population and Breeding Challenges

The global population of purebred Indian Game chickens remains small, estimated at fewer than 10,000 individuals worldwide as of 2025, reflecting its status as a rare heritage breed. In the United States, where the breed is often referred to as Cornish, there are fewer than 5,000 breeding birds across ten or fewer primary flocks, contributing to its "Watch" conservation status by the Livestock Conservancy.^[41] This limited scale underscores the breed's vulnerability to extinction risks, exacerbated by historical crossbreeding that has blurred purebred lines and complicated identification.^[41] In the United Kingdom, Indian Game is classified as a "Priority" breed on the Rare Breeds Survival Trust (RBST) watchlist since 2024, alongside all native chicken breeds, due to declining flock numbers and ongoing threats from avian influenza and economic pressures on small-scale farming.^[42] The breed's regional status is vulnerable, with effective population sizes contributing to broader concerns over genetic erosion in UK livestock, as highlighted in recent assessments of rare breed diversity.^[43] In contrast, populations in the US appear more stable, supported through registries like those of the American Poultry Association, which recognize the breed and facilitate exhibition and breeding programs.^[28] Key breeding challenges include inbreeding depression, which reduces genetic diversity and overall flock health in small, isolated populations—a common issue for rare breeds on the RBST watchlist.^[44] This has led to diminished fertility and hatchability in some lines, often necessitating artificial insemination due to the breed's characteristic short legs and massive breast development that hinder natural mating.^[8] Additionally, competition from fast-growing hybrid broilers has curtailed demand for the slow-maturing Indian Game as a meat producer, further pressuring purebred maintenance.^[18] To mitigate these issues, breeders recommend outcrossing with related gamefowl varieties to restore vigor and diversity without compromising breed standards.^[45]

Role in Poultry Preservation Efforts

The Indian Game chicken receives dedicated support from organizations focused on rare breed conservation, including the Rare Breeds Survival Trust (RBST) in the UK, which classifies it as a priority breed on its watchlist to promote breeding and prevent further decline.^[8] In the United States, The Livestock Conservancy (formerly the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy) lists the closely related Cornish variety—historically known as Indian Game—as a "Watch" status breed, emphasizing efforts to maintain genetic integrity through registry programs and breeder networks.^[1] These organizations collaborate with breed clubs, such as the Indian Game Club established in 1886, to shift focus from historical fighting uses to sustainable table bird production following the UK's 1849 cockfighting ban.^[11] Preservation actions for the Indian Game include participation in annual breed shows organized by bodies like the Poultry Club of Great Britain, which facilitate evaluation and promotion of purebred specimens to encourage wider breeding.^[46] Genetic diversity is further safeguarded through inclusion in international gene bank projects, such as the SYNBREED Chicken Diversity Panel since 2019, which sequences and archives DNA from Indian Game samples to assess genomic variation and support conservation breeding.^[47] Additionally, the breed contributes to hybrid development by crossing with other lines to enhance traits like disease resistance, drawing on its inherent hardiness against common poultry ailments while preserving ancestral bloodlines.^[48] The Indian Game plays a key ancestral role in commercial poultry strains, notably as a foundational parent in the development of the Cornish Cross broiler, a globally dominant hybrid created by crossing Indian Game-derived Cornish with Plymouth Rocks for rapid meat production.^[1] Its educational value lies in heritage farming initiatives, where it exemplifies traditional free-range systems and biodiversity maintenance, helping farmers and enthusiasts understand sustainable poultry practices beyond industrial models.^[8] Looking ahead, the breed's potential for growth aligns with rising sustainable meat trends in Europe, supported by trials like the Innovative Farmers programme testing heritage chickens for lower emissions and ethical production.^[49] EU-wide grants totaling €132 million in 2025 for promoting high-quality, sustainable agri-food products could support awareness and market development for heritage breeds like the Indian Game.^[50]

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The rather large and stocky bird is not well known for their egg producing ability (they can produce 160-180 eggs per annum), but are decent table birds.
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[39]
Scottish National Poultry Show - The Indian Game Club
Scottish National Poultry Show. Judge: Andy Marment. Champion Indian & Best Large Dark – A. Stanley. Best Opposite Size & Best Jubilee Bantam – DA Nesbitt.
[40]
[PDF] 2025 CONSERVATION PRIORITY POULTRY BREEDS
Critical (C) Fewer than 500 breeding birds in the United States, with five or fewer primary breeding flocks (50 birds or more), and an estimated global.
[41]
Chicken watchlist | Rare Breeds Survival Trust
Chicken watchlist. Since April 2024 all Native Chicken breeds are PRIORITY breeds on the RBST Watchlist. Leghorn.Missing: population | Show results with:population
[42]
Assessing available genetic diversity estimates of rare breeds of ...
Sep 25, 2025 · We searched for inbreeding, diversity and Ne estimates for all species identified on the Rare Breeds Survival Trust's 2024-2025 watchlist for ...
[43]
[PDF] Review: Estimates of livestock genetic diversity in the UK - bioRxiv
May 17, 2025 · (2) compare number of populations on the UK's Rare Breed Survival Trust (RBST) ... charity that conserves and promotes native livestock and equine ...
[44]
12 Reasons for Low Fertility in Chickens and Other Poultry
Apr 2, 2020 · Inbreeding Depression. Fertility issues may arise in a small inbred population. By concentrating genes, inbreeding creates uniformity of size, ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[45]
[PDF] National Show Schedule 2024.pub - The Poultry Club
Oct 20, 2024 · All birds must be penned by 08:30 hours on the Saturday. No late admiance. 8. Feeding and watering will be the responsibility of the exhibitor.
[46]
The SYNBREED chicken diversity panel: a global resource to ...
May 7, 2019 · The SYNBREED chicken diversity panel (SCDP) is made available to serve as a public basis to study the genetic structure of chicken diversity.<|control11|><|separator|>
[47]
A gene bank's collection of genetic diversity among minor chicken ...
Our goal was to evaluate genetic diversity of 10 heritage/fancier chicken breeds that are a component of the national collection.Missing: Conservancy | Show results with:Conservancy
[48]
Innovative Farmers trial heritage chicken breeds to protect ...
Jun 30, 2025 · A group of farmers across England are trialling a selection of heritage chicken breeds that could cut emissions, end the culling of male chicks ...Missing: trends 2023
[49]
€132 million to promote sustainable and agri-food products
Dec 12, 2024 · The Commission will allocate €132 million in 2025 to co-fund promotion activities for sustainable and high-quality EU agri-food products in the internal market ...Missing: Indian Game chicken meat trends 2023-2025<|control11|><|separator|>