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Priority

Priority is the quality or condition of being earlier in occurrence, existence, or development, or of having precedence in rank, importance, or privilege over others, derived from the Latin prioritas, meaning the state of being prior.^[1] It often involves a systematic arrangement where certain tasks, claims, or entities are addressed before others based on assigned levels of significance or urgency.^[2] This concept underpins decision-making across diverse domains, from daily life to specialized fields, ensuring efficient allocation of limited resources like time, attention, or assets.^[3] In management and productivity, priority serves as a foundational tool for organizing tasks by their relative importance, enabling individuals and teams to focus on high-impact activities amid competing demands.^[4] Frameworks such as the priority matrix categorize items along axes of urgency and importance, often using scales from low to critical (e.g., P0 for immediate action), to enhance efficiency and reduce overload.^[5] Effective prioritization, as studied in project management, directly correlates with improved outcomes by aligning efforts with strategic goals.^[6] In legal contexts, priority determines the sequence in which competing rights or claims are enforced, particularly regarding security interests in property or debts.^[7] For instance, in secured transactions, a creditor with earlier perfection of their interest holds priority over later ones, dictating the order of repayment in insolvency proceedings.^[8] This principle, rooted in common law traditions, prevents conflicts by establishing clear hierarchies, such as taxing authorities' super-priority in bankruptcy.^[9] Within computing and operating systems, priority refers to a numerical or categorical value assigned to processes or tasks to govern their execution order in resource-constrained environments.^[10] Priority scheduling algorithms, common in multitasking systems, favor higher-priority processes to minimize response times for critical operations, though they risk starvation for lower-priority ones without safeguards like aging.^[11] Data structures like priority queues further implement this by extracting the highest-priority element first, supporting applications in algorithms for shortest paths and heap operations.^[12]

General Concept

Definition and Etymology

Priority refers to the condition of being earlier in time, more important, or having precedence over others in a given context.^[1] It encompasses notions such as antecedence, where something occurs or exists before another, and superiority in rank or urgency, often implying a right to be addressed or considered first.^[13] Synonyms include precedence, which highlights sequential or hierarchical order, urgency, denoting immediate attention due to time-sensitive factors, and superiority, emphasizing elevated status or value.^[1] The term "priority" derives from the Late Latin prioritas, meaning "primacy" or "precedence," which stems from prior, an adjective signifying "former," "elder," or "higher in rank."^[14] It entered the English language around the 14th century via Old French priorite, initially denoting temporal precedence in sequences, such as order of occurrence or position.^[15] By the 17th century, its usage had evolved to include qualitative importance, reflecting not just chronological order but also degrees of significance in social, moral, or practical affairs.^[14] In early philosophy, Aristotle explored concepts akin to priority in his Categories, where he delineates four senses of "prior": in time (what is earlier in sequence), in definition (more general terms), in cognition (better known to us), and in nature (ontologically fundamental).^[16] This framework establishes priority as an asymmetric relation of dependence in natural hierarchies, where prior entities can exist independently of posterior ones, influencing later understandings of order and precedence in metaphysics.^[16]

Role in Decision-Making and Prioritization

Priority plays a central role in decision-making by enabling individuals and organizations to allocate limited resources—such as time, effort, and attention—toward the most valuable outcomes, thereby enhancing efficiency and effectiveness in both personal and professional contexts.^[17] In prioritization processes, individuals first identify overarching goals to establish a clear direction, then rank tasks based on explicit criteria like impact, deadline, and alignment with objectives, which helps filter out less critical activities.^[18] One widely adopted method is the Eisenhower Matrix, which categorizes tasks into four quadrants based on urgency and importance: do first (urgent and important), schedule (important but not urgent), delegate (urgent but not important), and delete (neither).^[19] This framework, inspired by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's approach to managing responsibilities, promotes proactive decision-making by emphasizing long-term value over reactive busyness.^[20] Psychologically, priority setting is influenced by cognitive biases that can distort judgments, such as the mere-urgency effect, where people overprioritize immediate tasks at the expense of strategically important ones, leading to suboptimal resource allocation.^[21] The Pareto Principle, or 80/20 rule, counters this by highlighting that approximately 80% of results often stem from 20% of efforts, encouraging decision-makers to focus on high-impact activities for efficient prioritization.^[22] Originating from economist Vilfredo Pareto's observation of wealth distribution and later applied to management by Joseph Juran, this principle aids in identifying vital few tasks amid the trivial many, reducing cognitive overload in complex decisions.^[22] In management applications, priority informs time management techniques that integrate goal-setting frameworks like SMART criteria, which ensure priorities are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound, thereby aligning daily tasks with broader objectives.^[23] Introduced by George T. Doran in 1981, SMART adapts traditional goal setting for prioritization by providing measurable benchmarks, such as deadlines and outcomes, to evaluate and sequence actions effectively.^[23] Historically, 19th-century theories of scientific management by Frederick Winslow Taylor emphasized task sequencing as a core principle, where management scientifically analyzes workflows to determine the optimal order of operations, minimizing waste and maximizing productivity through deliberate prioritization.^[24] Taylor's approach, detailed in his 1911 book The Principles of Scientific Management, laid the foundation for modern efficiency practices by advocating that every task be planned and ranked based on empirical study rather than intuition.^[24]

Legal Contexts

Priority Rights in Property and Contracts

In common law systems, the doctrine of "first in time, first in right" establishes priority among competing property interests by granting precedence to the earliest valid claim, ensuring that subsequent interests are subordinate unless protected by other means.^[25] This principle applies to real and personal property, where the initial acquisition or attachment of an interest takes priority over later ones, promoting stability in ownership and transactions. To perfect and maintain this priority against third parties, recording statutes require claimants to file their interests in a public registry, such as a land records office, which provides constructive notice and determines ranking based on the filing sequence.^[26] For instance, under race-notice jurisdictions prevalent in the United States, a subsequent purchaser gains priority only if they record first without notice of prior claims, balancing protection for bona fide acquirers with the original doctrine.^[27] Priority rights distinguish between legal estates, which confer full ownership enforceable at law, and equitable interests, which arise from fairness doctrines like trusts or contracts for sale and are enforceable only in equity. Legal estates generally prevail over subsequent equitable interests unless the equitable claimant proves the legal holder had notice of the prior claim, as rooted in common law precedents where equity follows the law but intervenes to prevent fraud.^[28] In mortgage examples, the priority of liens on real property is determined by the recording date, with the first-filed mortgage holding senior status and entitled to satisfaction from foreclosure proceeds before junior liens, a rule codified in statutes across jurisdictions to facilitate lending and title assurance.^[29] This filing-based rank prevents later mortgages from priming earlier ones, though subordination agreements can voluntarily alter the order. In contracts, priority is often explicitly allocated through clauses specifying the sequence of performance obligations or the order of payment distributions, particularly in multi-party agreements like financing arrangements or construction deals. Such provisions ensure predictable enforcement, as courts interpret them according to their plain language while implying terms only where necessary to give business efficacy, a practice refined in English contract law.^[30] For example, intercreditor agreements may include priority waterfalls directing payments first to senior creditors, enforceable as written absent ambiguity. Case law from the English Court of Appeal in the 19th century, such as in disputes over sequential obligations in commercial contracts, has clarified implied priorities where terms are silent, holding that courts infer reasonable orders based on the parties' presumed intent to avoid concurrent impossibilities.^[31] Internationally, civil law systems like France diverge by relying on publication registries to govern priority, where interests in immovable property gain opposability to third parties only upon formal inscription in the land registry (service de la publicité foncière), overriding mere chronological acquisition.^[32] This publicity requirement, enshrined in the French Civil Code, ensures transparency and protects subsequent acquirers without notice, contrasting with common law's emphasis on notice doctrines by making registration constitutive of priority rather than merely protective.

Priority in Bankruptcy and Secured Transactions

In bankruptcy proceedings, priority determines the order in which creditors receive distributions from the debtor's estate, with secured creditors generally ranking above unsecured ones under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The hierarchy is outlined in 11 U.S.C. § 507, which establishes ten categories of priority claims, starting with domestic support obligations, followed by administrative expenses, and then unsecured claims for wages, employee benefits, and other specified categories.^[33] In Chapter 11 reorganizations, the absolute priority rule under 11 U.S.C. § 1129(a)(10) and (b)(2)(B) mandates that a plan must provide that each class of impaired claims or interests receives full value before any junior class receives or retains property on account of its claim, ensuring senior creditors are paid in full before juniors.^[34] This rule protects creditor hierarchies but allows exceptions, such as in cramdown scenarios where a plan can be confirmed over a dissenting class if it is fair and equitable, meaning no junior class receives value until seniors are satisfied, though equity holders may retain interests if new value is contributed.^[34] Secured transactions, governed by Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), establish priority among creditors through perfection of security interests, typically achieved by filing a financing statement with the appropriate state office under UCC § 9-310, which grants the first-to-file or first-to-perfect party superiority over subsequent interests in the same collateral.^[35] In bankruptcy, these secured rights are protected by the automatic stay under 11 U.S.C. § 362, which halts creditor actions upon filing, and by the requirement for adequate protection under 11 U.S.C. § 361, ensuring secured parties receive compensation for any diminution in the value of their collateral during the stay, such as through periodic payments or replacement liens. Unperfected security interests may be subordinated or avoided, treating them as unsecured claims subject to the general priority rules.^[36] A landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision illustrating these principles is United Savings Assn. of Texas v. Timbers of Inwood Forest Associates, Ltd. (1988), where the Court ruled that undersecured creditors—those whose collateral value is less than their debt—are not entitled to post-petition interest or compensation for the delay caused by the automatic stay beyond the allowed secured claim under 11 U.S.C. § 506(b), which applies only to oversecured claims.^[37] This holding reinforced that adequate protection does not extend to opportunity costs like foregone interest on undercollateralized claims, prioritizing the estate's preservation. Internationally, the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency (1997) facilitates coordination by allowing recognition of foreign proceedings and providing relief like stays, while generally deferring to the local insolvency law for claim priorities, ensuring secured creditors' rights are respected across borders without altering domestic hierarchies.^[38] The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA) refined these priorities by elevating domestic support obligations to first priority under 11 U.S.C. § 507(a)(1), shifting administrative expenses—including costs of preserving the estate under § 503(b)—to second priority under § 507(a)(2), and clarifying that trustee administrative expenses take precedence over support claims only when assets are administered specifically for them.^[39]^[33] BAPCPA also added priorities for post-petition wages and benefits under § 503(b)(1)(A) and for the value of goods received within 20 days pre-petition under § 503(b)(9), enhancing protections for employees and trade creditors while maintaining the overall structure to prevent abuse and promote equitable distributions.^[39]

Scientific and Technological Applications

Priority in Scientific Discovery and Patents

In scientific discovery, priority refers to the recognition of the first individual or group to establish a novel finding or theory, often determined by the date of public disclosure through peer-reviewed publication. This principle incentivizes rapid dissemination of knowledge while resolving disputes over credit. Historically, such disputes have been contentious; a prominent example is the late 17th-century controversy between Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz over the invention of calculus, where both claimed independent development around 1670–1675, but acrimony arose from accusations of plagiarism and delays in publication, with Newton's work appearing in print in 1687 and Leibniz's in 1684.^[40] Today, scientific priority is primarily established by the earliest publication date in reputable journals, as this provides verifiable evidence of disclosure and allows the community to build upon the work; online-first publication dates are increasingly prioritized over print dates to reflect the actual availability of research.^[41] This norm, rooted in the scientific method's emphasis on reproducibility and communal progress, mitigates disputes by favoring transparency over secrecy, though "scooping"—where a similar finding is published first—can still diminish rewards for subsequent researchers.^[42] In patent law, priority determines the right to exclusive protection for an invention, balancing incentives for innovation with public access to technology. Traditionally, systems varied between "first-to-invent," which awarded patents based on the actual date of conception and diligent reduction to practice, and "first-to-file," which grants rights to the earliest patent application filer regardless of invention date. The United States exemplified the former until the America Invents Act (AIA) of 2011, which transitioned to a "first-inventor-to-file" system effective March 16, 2013, harmonizing with global standards by prioritizing filing dates while still requiring human inventorship.^[43] This shift addressed uncertainties in proving invention dates through notebooks or witnesses, reducing litigation costs, though it raised concerns for individual inventors who might lack resources for prompt filing compared to corporations.^[44] Internationally, the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, established in 1883, provides a foundational framework for priority rights, allowing inventors a 12-month window from their initial filing in a member country to file in other members while retaining the original filing date as the effective priority date for novelty assessments.^[45] This convention, now joined by 181 countries, facilitates cross-border protection without requiring simultaneous global filings.^[46] The European Patent Office (EPO) builds on this by strictly enforcing priority dates during examination, treating the claimed priority application as the effective filing date for prior art evaluation, provided the subsequent application sufficiently supports the priority claims; partial priorities may apply if only portions of the invention are disclosed earlier. These mechanisms ensure consistency in attributing invention rights amid global collaboration. Emerging challenges in priority attribution arise with AI-generated inventions, where post-2020 debates question whether AI systems can qualify as inventors or if human oversight must confer priority. Patent offices, including the USPTO, maintain that only natural persons can be inventors, requiring significant human contributions—such as directing AI inputs or recognizing inventive outputs—for priority claims, as AI-assisted inventions remain patentable but not AI-autonomously so.^[47] The DABUS case, involving an AI designed to generate novel solutions, highlighted these issues, with courts in multiple jurisdictions rejecting AI as an inventor since 2020; as of 2025, this stance was reaffirmed in rulings by Japan's Intellectual Property High Court (January 2025), the Swiss Federal Administrative Court (June 2025), and the UK High Court (September 2025), all emphasizing that priority hinges on human conception rather than machine output alone.^[48]^[49]^[50] This preserves traditional priority norms but prompts ongoing policy discussions on adapting laws to AI's role in discovery.^[51]

Priority Queues and Scheduling in Computing

In computing, priority queues serve as an abstract data type that maintains a collection of elements, each associated with a priority value, allowing efficient retrieval of the highest-priority element rather than following first-in-first-out order.^[52] This structure is fundamental for algorithms requiring ordered access based on urgency or importance, such as Dijkstra's shortest-path algorithm or Huffman coding. Operations typically include insertion of an element with its priority and extraction of the maximum (or minimum) priority element, with implementations designed to optimize these for dynamic datasets.^[53] Common implementations use heap data structures to achieve logarithmic time complexities. A binary heap, organized as a complete binary tree where parent nodes precede children in priority, supports insertion and extract-max operations in O(\log n) time, where n is the number of elements, by leveraging heapify-up and heapify-down procedures to maintain the heap property.^[52] For scenarios demanding faster decrease-key operations, such as in network optimization algorithms, Fibonacci heaps extend binary heaps with lazy merging of subtrees, achieving amortized O(1) time for insertions and decrease-key, and O(\log n) for extract-min, as introduced by Fredman and Tarjan in their seminal work on improved shortest-path computations.^[54] Priority scheduling algorithms in operating systems extend this concept to manage CPU resource allocation among processes, assigning each a numerical priority to determine execution order. In non-preemptive priority scheduling, the highest-priority ready process runs to completion without interruption; in the preemptive variant, a newly arriving higher-priority process can suspend the current one.^[55] Performance is evaluated using metrics like turnaround time, defined as the interval from a process's arrival to its completion, calculated as turnaround time = completion time - arrival time.^[56] A key challenge is starvation, where low-priority processes indefinitely await execution due to continuous high-priority arrivals; this is mitigated by aging techniques, which incrementally elevate the priority of waiting processes over time to ensure fairness.^[55] In real-time operating systems, priority mechanisms ensure timely responses for critical tasks. The Linux Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS), introduced in kernel 2.6.23, incorporates priorities via "nice" values ranging from -20 (highest) to 19 (lowest), adjusting a task's virtual runtime to allocate CPU shares proportionally—higher-priority tasks receive more frequent scheduling slices while maintaining overall fairness through red-black tree-based runqueues.^[57] Similarly, in network routers, priority queuing classifies packets into multiple queues by importance (e.g., voice over data), servicing the highest-priority nonempty queue first to minimize latency for delay-sensitive traffic, as implemented in Cisco IOS devices.^[58] Modern developments highlight priority's role in scalable systems. In cloud computing, Amazon EC2 Spot Instances enable cost-effective resource allocation through fleet-level priority strategies post-2020, where users assign priorities to launch template overrides, allowing the system to fulfill requests by preferring higher-priority instance types during capacity bidding.^[59] For AI distributed training, where GPU clusters handle massive workloads, priority-aware schedulers like Themis (2020) integrate fairness by dynamically prioritizing collectives based on bandwidth needs, reducing job completion times by up to 1.6x compared to FIFO while preventing low-priority model trainings from stalling; Gandiva (2018) complements this with introspective cluster scheduling that estimates job progress to allocate resources efficiently across heterogeneous GPUs.^[60]^[61]

Uses in Arts and Other Fields

Priority in Music Theory and Performance

In music theory, priority manifests as a hierarchical structure that organizes musical elements, particularly in tonal compositions where the primary melody or structural line takes precedence over supporting voices and accompaniments. This concept is central to voice leading in counterpoint, where the main melodic line guides harmonic progressions and subordinate parts conform to its contour to ensure coherence.^[62] In Schenkerian analysis, this hierarchy is visualized through reductions to multiple structural levels, with the Urlinie (fundamental line) representing the deepest level of tonal organization—a descending melodic line from the tonic that prioritizes essential pitches over ornamental or contrapuntal elaborations.^[63] For instance, in analyzing a Bach chorale, the primary structural tones (e.g., ^3-^2-^1 in the soprano) maintain priority, while accompanying voices fill in passing notes or arpeggiations without disrupting the overall tonal motion.^[64] Historical treatises further emphasize this precedence in contrapuntal practice. Johann Joseph Fux's Gradus ad Parnassum (1725) establishes species counterpoint as a pedagogical framework where the cantus firmus—the fixed, primary melodic line—holds absolute priority, requiring the added counterpoint to align rhythmically and intervallically without altering its integrity.^[65] In first-species counterpoint, for example, note-against-note writing ensures the counterpoint supports rather than competes with the cantus firmus, reinforcing the melody's dominance through consonant intervals like thirds and sixths.^[66] In performance, conductors play a pivotal role in interpreting and prioritizing thematic elements to convey the composer's intent. By shaping dynamics, tempo, and phrasing through gestures, conductors emphasize primary themes over subsidiary material, ensuring structural clarity in orchestral execution.^[67] For example, in a symphony like Beethoven's Fifth, the conductor might accentuate the iconic opening motif's rhythmic priority, subordinating accompanying figures to heighten dramatic tension.^[68] This interpretive authority extends to balancing voices, where the conductor's cues guide musicians to yield to leading lines during live renditions.^[69] Orchestral notation reinforces priority through the designation of principal instruments, which lead their sections and often receive soloistic precedence in scoring. In standard score layout, instruments are ordered hierarchically—woodwinds high to low, followed by brass, percussion, and strings at the base—with principals (e.g., concertmaster for violins, principal oboe for woodwinds) notated to initiate cues or take thematic prominence.^[70] This convention, outlined in treatises like Hector Berlioz's Grand traité d'instrumentation et d'orchestration modernes (1844), assigns priority to these players for tuning and leading entrances, ensuring cohesive performance.^[71] In film scoring, priority is achieved through thematic precedence, where leitmotifs—recurring motifs tied to characters or ideas—dominate the underscore to drive narrative cohesion. Composers like John Williams prioritize a film's main theme (e.g., the "Force Theme" in Star Wars), layering it prominently over ambient or supportive cues to evoke emotional priority.^[72] This technique, evolved from Wagnerian opera, limits motifs to essentials for repetition and variation, maintaining structural focus amid dialogue and effects.^[73] Digital music production extends these principles via track layering in digital audio workstations (DAWs), where producers assign priority to elements through mixing decisions like volume automation and effects routing. In Ableton Live, for instance, layering multiple synths or samples requires prioritizing a lead track (e.g., the core melody) by boosting its gain and applying compression to cut through supporting layers, mimicking contrapuntal hierarchy in electronic compositions.^[74] Post-2015 advancements in DAWs emphasize non-destructive layering, allowing real-time prioritization adjustments to balance dense arrangements without losing primary motifs.^[75]

Priority in Transportation and Traffic Management

In transportation and traffic management, priority systems establish hierarchical rules to regulate vehicle movement, prevent collisions, and ensure safety across various modes of transport. These systems assign right-of-way based on predefined criteria such as vehicle type, direction of travel, or urgency, minimizing conflicts at intersections, airways, waterways, and rail lines. International conventions and standards form the foundation, promoting uniformity while allowing adaptations for local conditions.^[76] Road traffic priorities are codified in the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic (1968), which mandates that drivers yield at intersections unless on a designated priority road, where through traffic has precedence over entering vehicles. For example, at uncontrolled intersections or stop signs, vehicles must give way to those approaching from the right in right-hand traffic countries, or as signaled, to avoid collisions. This framework influences national traffic codes worldwide, emphasizing orderly flow and reducing accident risks at junctions. Aviation employs similar principles through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 11, which requires air traffic control services to grant maximum priority to aircraft in distress, such as those declaring emergencies via transponder code 7700 or facing unlawful interference with code 7500. During such events, controllers expedite clearances for takeoff, landing, or routing, often rerouting other traffic to facilitate safe resolution, including alerting rescue services and nearby aircraft.^[77] Maritime navigation relies on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS, 1972), administered by the International Maritime Organization, which assigns "stand-on" and "give-way" roles to vessels based on relative positions and types— for instance, a vessel overtaking another must keep clear, while in crossing situations, the vessel on the starboard side has priority. Rail systems use signaling and dispatching protocols to enforce train priorities, with European standards under Regulation (EU) 2012/34 prioritizing passenger trains over freight to optimize capacity and punctuality on shared tracks; infrastructure managers dynamically allocate paths, ensuring higher-priority services like emergency or high-speed trains proceed without undue delay. These rules integrate block signaling to maintain safe distances and prevent overruns.^[78]^[79] Advancements in autonomous vehicles (AVs) and smart cities are evolving priority mechanisms through AI-driven algorithms that interpret real-time data for decision-making. Post-2022, and as updated in the 2025 NHTSA Automated Vehicle Framework, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has emphasized AV operational design domains (ODDs) that incorporate right-of-way yielding in guidelines, requiring systems to prioritize vulnerable road users like pedestrians in intersections via sensor fusion and predictive modeling.^[80]^[81] In smart cities, AI prioritization optimizes traffic signals and routes; for example, machine learning models analyze congestion patterns to dynamically favor emergency vehicles or public transit, reducing delays by up to 20% in simulated urban networks according to recent studies. These technologies build on traditional rules but introduce adaptive, data-informed hierarchies to enhance efficiency and safety in complex environments.^[82]

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This article examines the controversy between Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz concerning the priority in the invention of the calculus.Introduction: On Priority... · John Keill Attacks Leibniz · Leibniz vs. Newton
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Jun 27, 2018 · Scholars from all disciplines should use the earlier, online citation date, rather than defaulting to print as the traditional record.
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Under the pre-AIA first-to-invent rules, Company A can get the patent because its employee invented first. However, under the new first-to-file system, things ...
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Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property - WIPO
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Priority Queues - Algorithms, 4th Edition
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Fibonacci heaps and their uses in improved network optimization ...
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[PDF] Fibonacci Heaps and Their Uses in Improved Network Optimization ...
In this paper we develop an extension of binomial queues called Fibonacci heaps, ... M. L. FREDMAN AND R. E. TARJAN. FIG. 2. Pointers representing an F-heap. The ...
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Chapter: Configuring Priority Queueing - Cisco
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Use allocation strategies to determine how EC2 Fleet or Spot Fleet ...
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[PDF] THEMIS: Fair and Efficient GPU Cluster Scheduling - cs.wisc.edu
Our evaluation on a production trace shows that THEMIS can improve fairness by more than 2.25X and is ~5% to 250% more cluster efficient in comparison to state- ...<|separator|>
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[PDF] free composition - IS MUNI
a. General. 43 f The Combination of Two or More Linear Progressions. 78 b Descending Linear Progressions of the First Order. 44. 7 Arpeggiation (§ 230).
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Schenker has pointed out that in "free" compositions, particularly instrumental works, the possibility of more elaborate prolongation is greatly in- creased ...
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[PDF] FUX-The Study of Counterpoint
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First-Species Counterpoint – Open Music Theory - VIVA's Pressbooks
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The Conductor As Visual Guide: Gesture and Perception of Musical ...
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[PDF] Analysis, Interpretation and Musical Synthesis of Expressive Gesture
We present the design and implementation of the Conductor's Jacket, a unique wearable device that measures physiological and gestural signals, together with ...
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[PDF] Orchestral Score Order - Dartmouth
Other Instruments. Violins I (Vlns). Violins II. Viola (Vla). Violoncellos (Vcl). Double Bass (DB). Band Score Order. Flutes (Fl or Fls). Oboes (Ob or Obs).
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Berlioz Treatise on orchestration
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[PDF] Hector Berlioz's Impact on The Evolution of Film Scoring In The ...
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[PDF] Composing for the Cinema: The Theory and Praxis of Music in Film
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[PDF] Making Music: 74 Creative Strategies for Electronic Music Producers
In most DAWs, this will require some kind of inter-track routing. For example, one track could contain the instrument, while one or more additional tracks.
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[PDF] Ableton Reference Manual Version 8
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[PDF] Convention on Road Traffic - UNECE
(a) In States where traffic keeps to the right the driver of a vehicle shall give way, at intersections other than those specified in paragraph 2 of this.
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[PDF] Annex 11 - Foundation for Aviation Competence (FFAC)
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Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing ...
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[PDF] OVERVIEW OF PRIORITY RULES IN OPERATION - RailNetEurope
train traffic, IM determines which trains have priority over other trains. Passenger trains must have priority over all other trains. Trains used to remove ...
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Automated Vehicle Safety - NHTSA
Get info on automated driving systems, also referred to as automated vehicles and "self-driving" cars, and learn about their safety potential.Missing: priority algorithms post-
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Democratizing traffic control in smart cities - ScienceDirect.com
We will focus on introducing prior research on urban traffic, its mitigation, and control (especially based on ML approaches). We also present our perspective ...