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Krasue

The Krasue, also known as Phi Krasue, is a nocturnal female spirit prominent in Thai folklore and broader Southeast Asian mythology, manifesting as a detached woman's head—typically young and beautiful—with her glowing internal organs, including the heart, stomach, and intestines, trailing below like luminous entrails.^[1]^[2] This spectral entity detaches from its hidden body at night to hunt, using a proboscis-like tongue to feed on blood, raw flesh, or the fetuses and placentas of pregnant women, though it may also consume carrion or impure substances in rural traditions.^[1]^[3] Rooted in pre-modern animistic beliefs, the Krasue is often depicted as the cursed form of a woman, typically resulting from practicing black magic or other moral transgressions, with her transformation serving as a cautionary tale against moral transgression and social deviance.^[3]^[2] Folklore reflects possible Khmer (Cambodian) influences in its origins, underscoring fluid Thai-Cambodian cultural boundaries in folklore discourse, though no unified myth exists. The spirit embodies predatory femininity and rural superstition, threatening patriarchal norms through its sexually aggressive and vampiric behaviors, and it must reattach to its body before dawn or perish, making it vulnerable to discovery and destruction by crushing the body or severing the entrails.^[1]^[3] Culturally, the Krasue holds enduring significance in Thailand as an icon of horror, transitioning from oral rural tales to a staple of national cinema since the mid-20th century, where films standardize its image while adapting it to urban settings to symbolize modern anxieties like predation and uncivilized impulses.^[2]^[3] It shares striking similarities with regional counterparts, such as the Malaysian Penanggalan and Philippine Manananggal—both detachable-head vampires targeting pregnant women—and the Indonesian Leyak, underscoring shared Southeast Asian motifs of bodily fragmentation and maternal peril.^[1] In contemporary media, including international video games like Dead by Daylight, the Krasue exemplifies Thailand's soft power, globalizing its ancient legend while preserving its core as a symbol of the uncanny and abject.^[4]

Overview

Physical Description

In Southeast Asian folklore, the Krasue is portrayed as a nocturnal female spirit manifesting as a disembodied woman's head that detaches from its body and floats through the air, with internal organs such as the heart, stomach, and intestines trailing and dangling from the neck. These viscera are often described as bloody and elongated, creating a grotesque, elongated form beneath the head. The organs emit a pulsating, eerie glow that lights up the surrounding darkness during its nocturnal wanderings, enhancing its otherworldly presence in oral traditions. The head itself is typically depicted as that of a young and beautiful woman with long, flowing hair, though the overall appearance evokes horror through the exposed, writhing entrails. In traditional accounts, the Krasue's mobility is achieved by the head hovering silently or emitting a faint, will-o'-the-wisp-like luminescence to navigate, without reliance on the lower body, which remains hidden during its active hours. Variations in folklore descriptions include differences in the length and visibility of the dangling organs—sometimes portrayed as reaching several feet—or the intensity of the glow, ranging from a soft blue to a fiery red hue, reflecting subtle interpretive differences in oral narratives passed down through generations. Behaviorally, the Krasue is characterized by an insatiable hunger that drives it to prey on blood, raw flesh, or impure substances, targeting livestock, carrion, or even the blood of fetuses and placentas from pregnant women, which it consumes using a proboscis-like tongue. It avoids direct confrontation with humans, instead instilling fear through sudden sightings, sharp cries that echo in the night, or the unnatural light from its organs, often leading villagers to barricade homes with thorny branches for protection. These traits stem from pre-20th-century oral folklore, where the entity is frequently presented as a cursed or unwitting victim rather than a deliberately malevolent force, compelled to return and reattach to its body before dawn to avoid fatal agony.

Etymology and Terminology

The term Krasue (กระสือ) serves as the primary designation for the spirit in Thai folklore, where it lacks a direct semantic equivalent in the Thai language and is thought to derive from Mon linguistic influences, despite its phonetic similarity to Khmer words. Researchers have interpreted it as connoting a "filth ghost" due to the entity's association with consuming foul or impure matter, such as blood and afterbirth.^[2] In Cambodian tradition, the equivalent entity is termed Ap (អាប) or Ahp, a borrowing sometimes extended to Krasue in cross-cultural contexts, with the name rooted in Khmer concepts of sorcery and affliction that evoke harm or torment through supernatural means.^[5] This terminology underscores ties to witchcraft practices in Khmer folklore, where the spirit represents a half-human, half-spectral being punished for taboo violations. Lao folklore employs Kasu (ກະສື) as the variant, featuring phonetic shifts from the Thai form due to tonal and consonantal differences in the Lao language, while in Thailand's Isan region—where the Lao-influenced dialect predominates—the spirit is commonly called Phi Krasue, with phi denoting a general class of ghosts or spirits. The terminology's evolution traces to pre-modern Southeast Asian oral traditions, with early ethnographic accounts emerging in the 20th century, such as Robert Textor's 1973 description, though direct links to the ancient Khmer Empire remain unverified and largely stem from later folkloric associations rather than historical texts. Standardized spellings and national-level depictions of Krasue solidified in the 20th century through Thai literature, cinema, and media, homogenizing diverse local variants into a unified cultural icon.^[2]

Historical and Regional Folklore

Origins and Early Accounts

The origins of the Krasue legend are rooted in pre-colonial oral traditions of Southeast Asia, particularly among Khmer communities, where it emerged as a folkloric embodiment of female transgression and sorcery. In Khmer folklore, the entity known as ap (equivalent to Krasue) is depicted as a woman's severed head trailing glowing entrails, symbolizing the dangers of witchcraft (sneh) and moral deviance, serving as a cautionary figure in village narratives to deter women from venturing into the wilderness (prei) alone, where they risk spirit possession and transformation into this liminal being. These tales, transmitted orally across generations, integrated animist beliefs prevalent in ancient Khmer society, blurring the boundaries between human and spirit realms while reinforcing social norms against boundary violations.^[5] Early documentation of such spirit lore in the region appears in Thai contexts during the Sukhothai period (1238–1438 CE), where inscriptions reference powerful animist entities like pra-kha-phu-phi, though specific accounts of Krasue are absent from these 14th–16th century chronicles; the legend likely drew from broader Khmer-Thai cultural exchanges under animist influences. Influences from Hinduism and Buddhism further shaped the figure, integrating concepts like the pret (hungry ghosts), tormented souls driven by insatiable cravings, which paralleled Krasue's nocturnal hunger for blood and flesh without the redemptive arc of Buddhist rites.^[6]^[5] The legend's dissemination occurred through pre-modern trade routes and kingdom interactions, originating in the Khmer Empire and extending to the Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767 CE), where linguistic borrowing—evident in the Thai term krasue derived from Khmer ap—facilitated its adaptation into local folklore. Accounts of the Krasue remained primarily oral, with explicit depictions emerging in 20th-century ethnographic studies. This pan-regional evolution established Krasue as a shared motif warning against moral and spiritual perils in ancient Southeast Asian societies.^[5]

Cambodian Variations

In Cambodian folklore, the Krasue is known as the ap, a spectral entity typically manifesting as the detached, glowing head of a woman trailing her viscera, often resulting from a curse tied to witchcraft or moral transgression. This figure emerges from myths depicting a woman—frequently an older, marginalized individual—who attempts black magic, such as applying sneh (love potions made from vegetable unguents), but fails, leading to her involuntary transformation. Such narratives warn against the misuse of herbal magic, portraying the ap as a punishment for crossing boundaries between the human world (srok) and the spirit realm (prei), particularly in rural settings where superstitions persist around forest edges and isolated villages.^[5] The ap is deeply intertwined with Khmer spirit mediumship practices involving neak ta (ancestral guardian spirits), where mediums invoke these entities to navigate supernatural threats, though the ap's liminal nature resists traditional exorcism. Folklore from the 19th and 20th centuries emphasizes moral cautions, linking the curse to adultery or illicit affairs; one prominent tale recounts a Khmer princess who, accused of infidelity by her husband, uses forbidden magic to escape execution by fire, only to survive as an ap with an insatiable hunger. These stories reinforce social taboos, advising against herbal misuse that could summon such horrors, and are particularly prevalent in rural areas prone to superstitious beliefs about nocturnal wanderers.^[5]^[7]^[8] Distinct from broader regional variants, Cambodian accounts highlight the ap's predatory behaviors, such as a preference for consuming blood from livestock like water buffalo, as well as miscarried fetuses, afterbirth, and menstrual fluids, symbolizing abjection and excess. These elements underscore fears of pollution and boundary violation in agrarian communities. During the Khmer Rouge era (1975–1979), ap folklore reportedly intensified as metaphorical expressions of societal trauma and horror, with narratives spiking in oral traditions to process collective suffering, though the entity itself evades direct political exorcism. Post-era cultural reflections, including over a dozen horror films since 1980, further embedded these motifs in Khmer consciousness.^[5]^[7]^[5]

Thai Variations

In Thai folklore, the Krasue, known locally as phi krasue, is often depicted as the spirit of a woman transformed through the practice of black magic or as a karmic punishment for moral transgressions such as promiscuity or other sins. This transformation typically results in a nocturnal entity whose head detaches from the body, trailing glowing entrails, driven by an insatiable hunger for blood and raw flesh. Such narratives emphasize the dangers of forbidden sorcery, where a failed ritual or voluntary possession by malevolent spirits leads to eternal torment, reflecting broader Thai beliefs in retribution for ethical lapses.^[9]^[10] Particularly prevalent in the Isan region of northeastern Thailand, phi krasue stories are intertwined with rural life, where the spirit is said to haunt rice fields at night, preying on the agricultural landscape that sustains communities. In these accounts, the entity emerges during harvest seasons or planting cycles, symbolizing disruptions to fertility and prosperity tied to the land. Farmers in Isan folklore recount sightings of the Krasue flitting through paddies like erratic fireflies, its luminescent organs illuminating the darkness as it seeks sustenance from the environment.^[9] Integrated into Buddhist frameworks, the phi krasue is portrayed as a restless ghost (phi) condemned by accumulated bad karma from past lives, wandering to atone for sins like deceit or illicit affairs. This moral dimension underscores Thai syncretic beliefs, blending animism with Theravada principles of cause and effect. Protections against the spirit, documented in 19th-century ethnographic reports and persisting into the mid-20th century, include sacred amulets such as takrut—inscribed metal cylinders worn for warding off malevolent forces—and sak yant tattoos, which invoke Buddhist incantations for invulnerability. Specific yantras, like those featuring guardian deities, were hung in homes to shield newborns and pregnant women, whom the Krasue notoriously targets by consuming fetuses or causing miscarriages.^[9]^[11]^[10] Historical documentation of phi krasue in Thai rural lore appears in early 20th-century anthropological studies, such as those recording Isan village testimonies before widespread urbanization in the 1950s and 1960s. These accounts, drawn from oral traditions in provinces like Buriram, describe the spirit's assaults on farmers laboring late in fields, linking encounters to seasonal vulnerabilities and reinforcing community rituals for protection. Such reports highlight the Krasue's role in pre-urban Thai society as a cautionary figure enforcing social and moral order amid agrarian hardships.^[9]

Modern Sightings and Cultural Impact

21st-Century Reports

In the 2010s, several reported sightings of the Krasue emerged in rural Thailand, often linked to unusual lights or figures captured in photographs. In June 2014, residents in Phachi District, Ayutthaya Province, observed strange red lights floating over paddy fields near Wat Tako, which locals attributed to the Krasue, drawing hundreds of onlookers to the area.^[12] Similarly, in September 2015, a photograph purportedly showing the Krasue in Ban Phai village, Chae Hom District, Lampang Province, circulated widely on social media, prompting debates and investigations among villagers about its authenticity.^[13] These incidents marked a shift toward modern documentation, with social media amplifying reports from rural areas into broader discussions. In the 2020s, sightings continued to surface, particularly in Thailand's northeastern and central regions. A notable case occurred in mid-October 2023 in Tha Wung District, Lopburi Province, where multiple eyewitnesses, including a 70-year-old man and two young women, described seeing a floating head with trailing organs near residential areas; the reports caused widespread panic, prompting locals to organize night patrols and even offer a 1 million baht reward for capturing the entity.^[14] Local authorities, including the district chief, responded by coordinating with provincial officials to debunk the claims through public reassurances and site visits, though the hysteria persisted for weeks.^[15] As Thailand underwent rapid urbanization in the 21st century, Krasue legends began adapting to city environments in folklore and media, symbolizing anxieties over modern isolation and environmental degradation in places like Bangkok suburbs, rather than solely rural farmlands.^[3] These modern narratives highlight the Krasue's evolution from isolated village tales to digitally shared urban legends, maintaining its role in contemporary folklore without verified physical evidence.

Contemporary Cultural References

In contemporary Thai society, the Krasue legend has been revitalized through interactive exhibitions that blend folklore with modern art and education. The 2024 "The Untold Story: Unspoken Local Ghosts" exhibition at TCDC Bangkok featured Krasue among 30 regional spirits, with over 90 character designs by emerging artists like Autumnberry and Twofeetcat, encouraging visitors to sketch and map ghosts for cultural preservation.^[16] This event reimagined Krasue not merely as a horror figure but as an inspirational element of Thai heritage, fostering public engagement with folklore in urban settings.^[16] Krasue's integration into global media highlights its commercialization as a symbol of Thai soft power. As of September 2025, the spirit was introduced as a playable killer in the video game Dead by Daylight's "Sinister Grace" chapter, depicted as Burong Sukapat—a cursed opera singer transforming into a floating head with glowing entrails—reaching millions of international players.^[17] This adaptation builds on prior Thai horror exports like the game Home Sweet Home, transforming rural legends into interactive entertainment while authenticating cultural narratives for global audiences.^[4] Feminist and ecofeminist reinterpretations of Krasue in modern cinema underscore its role as a metaphor for gender and environmental injustice. In the 2019 film Krasue: The Inhumane Kiss, the spirit embodies the parallel exploitation of women and nature under patriarchal systems, with natural elements like water and forests empowering her ghostly form against oppression.^[18] This portrayal highlights an enduring women-nature bond, critiquing societal dynamics in contemporary Thailand and inviting broader ecofeminist analysis of Southeast Asian horror.^[18] Protective rituals against Krasue persist in daily life, particularly in rural areas, where amulets blessed by monks and thorny barriers are used to ward off the spirit, reflecting ongoing cultural beliefs in supernatural safeguards.^[19] Such practices, adapted to modern markets, include commercially available charms invoking Krasue's energy for luck and protection, blending tradition with consumer culture in the 2020s.^[20]

Explanations and Interpretations

Scientific and Skeptical Views

Skeptics and scientists have proposed several natural and psychological explanations for reported Krasue sightings, attributing them to misperceptions in the humid, low-light environments of rural Southeast Asia. One such phenomenon involves bioluminescent fungi, such as the species found in Thailand's Khon Kaen province, locally known as the "Krasue mushroom" due to its glowing cap that resembles a detached, luminous head in the dark.^[21] This glow, produced by chemical reactions in the fungus, could be mistaken for the spirit's trailing, illuminated entrails during nighttime encounters in forested or marshy areas.^[21] Psychological factors also play a significant role. In Thai contexts, sleep paralysis has been identified as a common trigger for vivid hallucinations of ghostly presences, including pressure on the chest and visions of apparitions that align with Krasue descriptions of immobility and horror.^[22]^[23] Biologists at Chulalongkorn University have noted that such episodes, exacerbated by stress in rural settings, contribute to folklore-induced fears without invoking supernatural causes.^[22] Medical correlations further support these views, with sleep paralysis linked to disrupted REM cycles and cultural priming that shapes hallucinatory content around local legends like the Krasue.^[24] While rare nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin B12 shortages, can induce visual distortions in isolated communities, they are less directly tied to Krasue reports compared to environmental and perceptual misinterpretations.^[25] These explanations emphasize empirical observation over myth.

Symbolic and Anthropological Analyses

In anthropological interpretations, the Krasue embodies profound gender symbolism, particularly as a manifestation of patriarchal anxieties surrounding female sexuality and bodily autonomy in Southeast Asian societies. The Krasue also fulfills key social functions by reinforcing moral codes related to fidelity, chastity, and communal harmony in Thai and Cambodian contexts. Anthropological analyses from the early 2020s portray it as a cautionary archetype that enforces taboos against adultery and improper conduct, cursed for such transgressions, to maintain social order in village settings. In this role, the spirit acts as a tool for community cohesion, fostering collective vigilance and ethical adherence through shared storytelling rituals that bind groups against perceived moral threats.^[26] Comparatively, the Krasue shares striking parallels with the Malaysian Penanggalan, both featuring disembodied female heads that detach to hunt at night, reflecting regional motifs of vampiric femininity tied to lunar cycles and pollution taboos. Cross-cultural academic studies emphasize these similarities as adaptations of Austronesian folklore, where such entities symbolize shared anxieties over gender transgression and bodily fragmentation across borders, with the Krasue's Thai variant often emphasizing Khmer influences for ethnic differentiation.^[1]

Representations in Media

Film and Television Adaptations

The portrayal of Krasue in film began prominently with the 1973 Thai horror movie Krasue Sao (also known as Ghost of Guts Eater), directed by S. Naowaratch, which depicts the spirit's origins as a curse afflicting a woman who becomes a predatory entity preying on villagers.^[27] This low-budget production emphasized graphic gore and supernatural vengeance, setting a template for early Thai horror by drawing directly from rural folklore where the Krasue emerges from black magic or betrayal.^[28] The film, produced by Banlue Utsahajitr, grossed modestly but influenced subsequent 1970s entries like Demonic Beauty (2002), which revisited the curse motif with added elements of black magic rituals leading to the spirit's transformation. In the 2010s and 2020s, Thai cinema shifted toward psychological depth and romantic narratives in Krasue adaptations, moving beyond pure gore to explore themes of isolation and inherited trauma. The 2019 film Inhuman Kiss (Thai: Sang Krasue), directed by Sitisiri Mongkolsiri and distributed by M Pictures, centers on a teenage girl inheriting the Krasue curse during World War II-era Thailand, blending horror with a love triangle and emphasizing her internal struggle against the entity's bloodlust. Acquired by Netflix for worldwide streaming (excluding China), it achieved international acclaim, earning Thailand's entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 92nd Academy Awards and highlighting a trend toward higher production values and emotional complexity.^[29] Its 2023 sequel, Inhuman Kiss: The Last Breath, directed by the same team, continues the story thirty years later with a human-demon romance involving genetic anomalies, further incorporating sci-fi elements to modernize the folklore while maintaining the spirit's visceral depictions. Television adaptations have integrated Krasue into episodic and serialized formats, particularly in Thai lakorn (soap operas) for dramatic plot twists involving curses and family secrets. The 1994-1995 series Krasue, a 27-episode drama aired on Channel 7, portrays the spirit as a vengeful force tied to ancient rituals, using it to drive interpersonal conflicts in a rural setting.^[30] Later examples include Sarb Krasue (2018), a 34-episode lakorn on Channel 8 that employs the Krasue for supernatural intrigue in a contemporary family saga, and Music and Krasue (2022), which mixes horror with musical elements to depict the curse's psychological toll on performers.^[31] In Cambodia, where Krasue is known as "Ap," folklore segments appear in educational TV programs like those on Bayon TV, retelling the legend through animated reenactments to preserve cultural stories, though full narrative series remain rare compared to Thai output.^[32] Post-2000 productions reflect broader trends in Southeast Asian horror, transitioning from explicit violence in 1970s films to nuanced psychological explorations that humanize the Krasue, often as a tragic figure rather than a mere monster.^[33] This evolution is evident in international co-productions, such as Netflix's involvement in Inhuman Kiss, which facilitated global distribution and encouraged hybrid genres like romantic horror, contrasting earlier standalone Thai releases.^[34] Cambodian films like My Mother Is An Arb (1980), directed by Khmer filmmakers, adopt a similar approach by framing the Ap/Krasue as a maternal curse in a family drama, blending local folklore with modern cinematography for regional appeal.

Literature, Art, and Other Forms

In Thai literature, the Krasue has been portrayed in contemporary horror novels that blend folklore with modern narratives. For instance, Filthy Appetites (published by Silkworm Books) features a protagonist named Mai who embodies the Krasue, exploring themes of supernatural hunger and rural Thai life through a mix of horror and drama.^[35] Similarly, short stories like Colin Devonshire's "Krasue" (2021) depict the spirit as a terrifying entity haunting expatriates in Thailand, emphasizing its gory folklore roots in a concise horror format.^[36] Cambodian folktale collections post-1990s have incorporated the Krasue, known locally as Ahp, to preserve regional ghost lore. The anthology Cambodian Folklore: Krasue, Puthisan Neang Kong Rei, Vessantara Jataka (2010, General Books LLC) includes tales of the Krasue as a cursed witch-like figure, drawing from Khmer traditions to illustrate moral warnings against sorcery and betrayal.^[37] These collections often retell the spirit's origins as a failed black magic practitioner, highlighting its role in Southeast Asian cautionary stories. Artistic depictions of the Krasue appear in Thai visual arts, though less commonly in traditional forms like shadow puppetry, which typically focus on epic narratives such as the Ramakien rather than horror elements. Modern interpretations, however, emerge in contemporary Thai comics and illustrations that evoke the spirit's floating head and dangling organs for atmospheric effect. For example, Thai horror comics from the 2010s onward, as documented in Nicolas Verstappen's Thai Comics: The Epic Battle for Recognition (2022), feature Krasue in ghost anthologies, using stark, shadowy linework to capture its eerie beauty and terror.^[38] In other media, the Krasue has gained prominence in video games that adapt Thai folklore for interactive horror experiences. The mobile and PC game Eyes: The Horror Game (developed by Fearless Games, with Krasue introduced around 2013 and updated through 2018) casts the spirit as a pursuing entity in dark mazes, requiring players to navigate using a flashlight while evading its visceral form.^[39] More recently, Dead by Daylight (Behaviour Interactive, 2025 chapter "Sinister Grace") integrates the Krasue as a playable killer, allowing users to control her floating attacks in multiplayer matches, marking a significant crossover of Thai mythology into global gaming.^[17] Music and performance representations of the Krasue are rarer but include modern compositions inspired by folk warnings. Tracks like "Krasue, Thailand Ghost" by Spiritual Music Collection (2018) evoke the spirit through ambient, haunting melodies on platforms such as Spotify, simulating the nocturnal dread of traditional tales without direct folk song ties.^[40] In theater, while specific 2020s productions in Laos are limited, broader Southeast Asian performances occasionally adapt Krasue legends in contemporary plays, such as those blending horror with cultural commentary in regional festivals.

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My Mother Is An Arb - Wikipedia
Mom is Arb', also known as Krasue Mom) is a Cambodian horror film. My Mother Is Arb. The Cambodian film poster. Starring, Chan Dara Thy. Distributed by ...
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Filthy Appetites: A Novel - Silkworm Books
7–10 day deliveryThailand's ravenous ghost returns for a feast you'll never forget! Mai is a krasue – a supernatural creature in the form of a young woman's severed head ...
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Krasue - Dark Novels and Short Stories
Mar 27, 2021 · Krasue. Short horror story from Thailand, by Colin Devonshire. A piercing scream cracked the bedroom mirror. “Honey, what's wrong?” asked Billy ...
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Krasue, Puthisan Neang Kong Rei, Vessantara Jataka - Google Books
Cambodian Folklore: Krasue, Puthisan Neang Kong Rei, Vessantara Jataka. Editor, LLC Books. Publisher, General Books LLC, 2010. ISBN, 1158248377, 9781158248377.Missing: collections 1990
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Thai Comics: The Epic Battle For Recognition - Gutternaut
Jun 18, 2022 · Featuring tales of the ghosts haunting Thailand like the Krasue, the evocative art is something to behold. More surprisingly, most of these ...
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Krasue | Eyes the horror game Wiki - Fandom
Krasue (Sometimes called The Ghost by fans and new players) is a major character in Eyes. She makes her first appearance in Chapter I, as the main threat of ...Beta Ghost · Krasue/Gallery · Charlie · The Robber
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Krasue, Thailand Ghost - song and lyrics by Spiritual Music Collection
Krasue, Thailand Ghost - Spiritual Music Collection - Mindful Chinese Journey (Inner Light, Free Your Mind and Spirit, Body & Soul Unite)