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Lo

Lo is an archaic interjection in the English language, employed to direct attention to an object, event, or statement, or to convey surprise, often equivalent to "behold", "look", or "see".^[1]^[2]^[3] Its etymology traces to Old English lā, an exclamatory form, later conflated in Middle English with imperatives derived from lōcian ("to look"), yielding forms like lo! to urge observation.^[1]^[4] Frequently appearing in biblical translations and early modern literature to emphasize revelations or divine pronouncements—such as in phrases like "Lo, the day is at hand"—the term has largely fallen out of everyday use since the 19th century, persisting mainly in the idiomatic expression "lo and behold", which signals an unforeseen or noteworthy development.^[3]^[1]

Arts and entertainment

Music

Lo-fi music, denoting low-fidelity recordings that intentionally retain audio imperfections like hiss, pops, and distortion, originated as a deliberate aesthetic in the 1980s DIY cassette culture, where independent artists used affordable home equipment to produce and distribute tapes emphasizing raw authenticity over studio polish. This evolution stemmed from earlier amateur recordings in the 1950s and 1960s, but gained traction through punk and indie scenes' rejection of high-production norms, with cassette duplication enabling widespread underground sharing via mail-order networks. By the early 1990s, the style influenced alternative rock, as seen in releases from labels like Simple Machines, which compiled lo-fi works highlighting analog warmth from 4-track recorders.^[5]^[6] In the 2000s, lo-fi hip-hop subgenre developed, fusing chopped soul samples, jazz chords, and slowed beats over vinyl crackle, pioneered by producers like J Dilla, whose 2006 album Donuts—recorded amid illness using MPC samplers—exemplified imperfect, loop-based production with over 30 tracks averaging two minutes each. Nujabes furthered this with modal jazz-infused beats on albums like Modal Soul (2005), selling tens of thousands in Japan and influencing global streams. The genre's digital surge occurred post-2013 via YouTube livestreams, with channels curating beats for study; ChilledCow's 24/7 "lofi hip hop radio" stream, started May 2017, reached 13.8 million subscribers and billions of views by 2023, driven by algorithmic promotion and pandemic-era demand for ambient focus aids.^[7]^[8] Artists and bands incorporating "Lo" in their names include Lo!, an American sludge metal/post-hardcore group formed January 26, 2007, in Louisville, Kentucky, known for chaotic riffs and noise elements on albums like The Gleaners (2012, self-released) and Manic (2021 via Pelagic Records), with tracks exceeding 10 minutes emphasizing dense, feedback-laden compositions. Lo Fidelity Allstars, a British big beat/electronic act active from 1996 to 2003, blended funk breaks and samples on debut Don't Start That (1998, Skint Records), peaking at UK chart #30 and featuring singles like "Vision Incision" with over 100,000 sales. Contemporary artist LO, active since the 2010s, produces indie pop/electronic tracks such as "I Like Me Better" (2017), accumulating 13 million Spotify streams by 2023 through bedroom production evoking lo-fi intimacy.^[9]^[10]

Film and television

Lo is a 2009 American independent film blending romantic comedy and horror elements, written and directed by Travis Betz.^[11] The plot centers on Justin, a lovelorn man whose girlfriend April is abducted by demons; he summons an ancient demon named Lo from a spellbook to aid in her rescue, only for Lo to pursue his own agenda through deception and temptation.^[11] Starring Jeremiah Birkett as the charismatic demon Lo, alongside Sarah Lassez as April, Ward Roberts as Justin, and Devin Barry in a supporting role, the film features low-budget practical effects and musical sequences involving demonic show tunes.^[11] It premiered at the Austin Film Festival in October 2009 and later became available for streaming on platforms including Netflix and Tubi.^[12] ^[13] The film has garnered a cult following for its quirky humor and inventive premise, with IMDb user ratings averaging 6.4 out of 10 based on 2,977 reviews as of 2024.^[11] Critics have noted its experimental style, describing it as a "low budget art house experimental wannabe morality play horror tale" that resembles a film school project, though it maintains a 73% audience score on Rotten Tomatoes from 93 ratings.^[14] Audience discussions on platforms like Reddit highlight its underrated status as an indie horror gem, praising the performances—particularly Birkett's—and the battle-of-wits dynamic between human and demon.^[15] No major awards were received, but its availability on streaming services has sustained niche interest over 15 years post-release.^[16] In television, Lo + plus is a Spanish talk show that aired from 1995 to 2005, hosted in a format focused on celebrity interviews and entertainment discussions, though specific episode details and viewership metrics remain limited in English-language records.^[17] A more recent web series titled Lo: The New Adventures of Ultimate Man's Ex-Girlfriend features protagonist Lo, an investigative reporter navigating career revival amid personal turmoil following a breakup with a superhero figure. These entries represent minor uses of "Lo" in titled visual media, lacking the prominence of the 2009 film.

Literature and other media

"Lo!" (1931) is the third nonfiction book by American author Charles Fort, documenting hundreds of reports on anomalous events such as mysterious lights, falls of substances from the sky, and unexplained disappearances, building on his prior works The Book of the Damned (1919) and New Lands (1923). Published by Claude Kendall in New York, the volume spans 416 pages in its original edition and has been reprinted multiple times, including by Ace Books in 1941, influencing the field of forteana—study of unexplained phenomena. Fort's method involved aggregating newspaper clippings and eyewitness accounts without endorsing supernatural explanations, emphasizing data over interpretation.^[18]^[19] "LO: A Novel" (2011) by Bradford Tatum, an American writer and actor, presents a science fiction noir thriller centered on a father's quest to reconnect with his estranged son in a near-future world marked by corporate dominance and personal loss. Originally published by Engine Books, the narrative draws from Tatum's screenwriting background, blending detective elements with speculative technology; a 2022 edition appeared under ISBN 9780984489640. The book has been noted for its atmospheric prose and exploration of familial bonds amid dystopian decay, with limited print runs typical of independent presses.^[20] "Lo's Diary" (1995) by Italian author Pia Pera retells elements of Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita (1955) from the perspective of the young protagonist, renamed Lo, in a first-person narrative that shifts focus to her inner experiences and agency. First published in Italian as Diario di Lo by Marsilio Editori, an English translation by Stefania Micheli and Yosetta Naoum followed in 1999 via Foxrock Inc., sparking legal disputes with Nabokov's estate over perceived plagiarism, though courts ruled it transformative parody. Pera, a classics scholar and feminist writer, framed the work as a reclamation of the female voice in the original story's shadow.^[21] In graphic novels, "Lo and Behold" (2023) by Wendy Mass, illustrated by Gabi Mendez, follows twelve-year-old Addie Bosko, who uses a virtual reality headset to cope with family grief and her mother's addiction, ultimately fostering real-world connections. Published May 2, 2023, by Random House Graphic as a 256-page middle-grade title, it debuted Mendez, a queer Latinx artist from California, in long-form comics; the story incorporates themes of technology's double-edged role in emotional healing, with over 1,500 Goodreads ratings averaging 4.1 stars by late 2023.^[22]^[23] "Buck Rogers: Lo, the Rings of Saturn" (2016) by Andrew E.C. Gaska extends the classic pulp sci-fi franchise, featuring hero Buck Rogers navigating intrigue among Saturn's rings against tyrannical forces. Released January 23, 2016, by BLAM! Ventures as a 300-page prose novel, it revives 1930s serial elements for modern audiences, tying into expanded universe comics and games; Gaska, a New York-based writer with ties to IDW Publishing, emphasized canonical fidelity in interviews.^[24]

Businesses and organizations

Retail and consumer goods

Lolë is a Canadian apparel retailer specializing in activewear and athleisure, founded in 2002 in Montreal by Evelyn Trempe to address gaps in women's technical outerwear options.^[25] The brand offers clothing for yoga, running, skiing, and everyday use, available through over 1,500 retail outlets worldwide, dedicated Lolë Ateliers stores, and an e-commerce platform.^[26] By 2024, Lolë Brands had expanded via acquisitions, including Sanuk footwear in August and Louis Garneau cycling apparel in September, integrating these into its multi-category portfolio targeting active lifestyles.^[26]^[27] BI-LO operated as a supermarket chain in the southeastern United States, established in 1961 by Frank Outlaw in Greenville, South Carolina, initially as a discount grocery format emphasizing low prices on staple consumer goods.^[28] At its peak under various owners including A&P and Delhaize Group, it managed over 200 stores across Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and other states, offering groceries, household items, and pharmacy services.^[29] Ownership shifts, including acquisition by Southeastern Grocers in 2015, led to store remodels and expansions, but mounting debts and competition prompted widespread closures; by 2021, the BI-LO banner was largely retired in favor of rebranding to Winn-Dixie and Harveys Supermarket, though select operations persisted under the parent company.^[30]^[31]

Non-profit and professional organizations

The Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO), known in Swedish as Landsorganisationen i Sverige, was founded on August 7, 1898, as a federation of unions primarily representing blue-collar workers. It currently comprises 13 affiliated unions with approximately 1.4 million members, focusing on coordinating collective bargaining, labor market analysis, and administration of income-related unemployment benefits. LO's influence extends to policy advocacy, including contributions to Sweden's centralized wage negotiation framework, which historically covered over 80% of the workforce in the mid-20th century but has since decentralized amid declining union density.^[32]^[33] LO has engaged in notable labor disputes, such as the 1909 general strike, where over 300,000 workers protested wage cuts and employer lockouts, resulting in a temporary weakening of union positions and membership losses for LO, though it prompted long-term shifts toward regulated industrial peace via agreements like the 1938 Saltsjöbaden Accord. More recent activities include 2020s efforts in migrant worker integration through entry agreements combining employment and training, aimed at skill validation and permanent job placement, demonstrating LO's adaptation to demographic changes in the labor market.^[34]^[35] The Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO), or Landsorganisasjonen i Norge, established in 1899, functions as the dominant national trade union center, vertically organizing both blue- and white-collar workers across private and public sectors. It emphasizes collective agreements requiring workplace representatives, wage coordination, and international cooperation via bodies like the European Trade Union Confederation. LO's activities include ongoing recruitment in service industries and policy input on labor rights, maintaining high union coverage through mandatory shop stewards in organized workplaces.^[36]

Languages

Tibeto-Burman and Sino-Tibetan languages

The Lo language, also known as Lhowa or Loke, belongs to the Tibetic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, specifically within the South-Western Tibetic subgroup of Tibeto-Burman languages.^[37] It is spoken primarily by the Lhowa people in the Upper Mustang District of Nepal, with its ISO 639-3 code designated as "loy".^[38] The language exhibits close relations to other Central Tibetan varieties but features distinct phonological and lexical traits adapted to the high-altitude Himalayan environment.^[39] Geographically concentrated in remote villages such as Lo Manthang, Tsarang, Chhoser, Ghimi, Surkhang, Chhunup, and Samar at elevations above 3,800 meters, Lo serves as the primary vernacular for daily communication and Tibetan Buddhist rituals among its ethnic speakers.^[40] Ethnographic surveys estimate fewer than 9,000 total speakers worldwide as of recent assessments, with approximately 7,500 reported in linguistic databases; however, the majority have migrated to urban centers like Pokhara, Kathmandu, and diaspora communities in the United States, France, and elsewhere due to economic pressures and tourism development.^[37] In-situ speaker numbers in Mustang are declining, with younger generations showing reduced fluency owing to mandatory Nepali-medium education and intergenerational language shift.^[41] Lo is classified as endangered, with UNESCO designating it "definitely endangered" based on vitality metrics indicating limited institutional support and transmission to children.^[41] A 2023 sociolinguistic survey rated it as "vigorous" (EGIDS 6a) in core villages due to sustained home use, though dialectal variations exist between Upper Mustang forms and the partially intelligible Baragaunle variety in Lower Mustang, reflecting geographic barriers like the Kali Gandaki River.^[40]^[42] Linguistically, Lo is tonal and agglutinating, featuring a complex phonemic inventory of 41 consonants—including murmured plosives and voiceless laterals—and 8 to 10 vowels with front rounded distinctions and oppositions in height and backness.^[39]^[43] Grammatical categories such as tense, aspect, modality, and evidentiality are encoded through phonological alternations, morphological suffixes, auxiliary verbs, and periphrastic constructions, with five causative strategies including labile verbs and suppletion.^[44] Documentation efforts began in earnest in the late 20th century, with preliminary phonological sketches emerging around 2020-2021 from field-based analyses, followed by comprehensive sociolinguistic surveys in 2021 and 2023 by institutions like SIL International and Tribhuvan University.^[42]^[40] These works highlight the need for orthographic standardization, as Lo remains largely oral outside religious manuscripts in Tibetan script.^[43]

Other linguistic uses

Lo-Toga is an Oceanic language within the Austronesian family, spoken on the islands of Lo and Toga in the Torres group of northern Vanuatu.^[45] It forms part of the northeastern Vanuatu linkage, where related languages exhibit both divergence through independent evolution and convergence via contact-induced changes over millennia.^[46] Estimates indicate approximately 580 speakers as of the 2010s, primarily ethnic community members on these islands.^[47] The language maintains use as a first language among all adults, though proficiency among younger generations is incomplete, contributing to its endangered status per expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale assessments.^[45] Post-2000 linguistic studies, including surveys of Vanuatu's 138 indigenous languages, have documented Lo-Toga's demographic and vitality profile amid high regional density—averaging 1,760 speakers per language nationwide but far fewer for isolates like this.^[48] These efforts emphasize in situ diversification from Proto-Oceanic over three millennia, with no dedicated revitalization programs noted, though general Pacific documentation initiatives aid awareness.^[49] Archaic usages in non-Tibeto-Burman contexts remain minor, limited to dialectal variants in Oceanic chains without independent attestation in linguistic databases beyond Vanuatu.^[50]

People

Surname

Lo Hsing Han (c. 1935–2013) was a Burmese businessman and militia leader who built a vast commercial empire after earlier involvement in the opium and heroin trade in the Golden Triangle region during the 1960s and 1970s.^[51] He commanded the Ka Kwe Ye home guard militia, which received Burmese government support in exchange for anti-communist operations, while facilitating drug production and trafficking to fund operations.^[52] Arrested in 1989 by the Burmese military junta on charges of drug trafficking and treason, he was initially sentenced to death—later commuted to life imprisonment—but released in 1992 following reported negotiations with authorities.^[53] Post-release, he founded Asia World Group in 1993, which grew into one of Myanmar's largest conglomerates, spanning construction, banking, and natural resources, though U.S. Treasury sanctions in 2008 cited ongoing narcotics ties involving family members.^[54] Later philanthropy included donations to Buddhist causes, but these did not mitigate prior convictions documented in Burmese court records and international assessments labeling him a key heroin figure since the 1970s.^[55] Vincent Lo (born April 18, 1948) is a Hong Kong real estate developer and founder of the Shui On Group, established in 1971, which focuses on property development in China, notably the upscale Xintiandi district in Shanghai.^[56] His firm pioneered mixed-use urban regeneration projects, contributing to Shanghai's transformation, and he received the Businessman of the Year award from Hong Kong Business Awards in 2001.^[57] Lo has held directorships in multiple listed companies and served on policy advisory boards, emphasizing sustainable urban development in Asia.^[58] Dennis Lo Yuk-ming (born 1963) is a Hong Kong biochemist renowned for pioneering non-invasive prenatal testing through the discovery of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal blood in 1997, enabling safer screening for fetal abnormalities without amniocentesis. His research, published in peer-reviewed journals, has transformed obstetrics globally, with applications in detecting Down syndrome and other conditions, earning him the Future Science Prize in Life Sciences in 2023. Lo serves as vice-chancellor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong since 2018, advancing genomics research amid his over 500 publications and multiple patents. Andrew Lo (born 1960) is a Taiwanese-American economist and professor at MIT, specializing in financial engineering and quantitative investing, where he developed adaptive market hypothesis challenging efficient market theory by incorporating behavioral and evolutionary elements.^[59] His work includes founding AlphaSimplex Group in 2009, managing quantitative hedge funds, and authoring influential texts like Adaptive Markets (2017), with applications in risk management during crises such as 2008. Lo's contributions, evidenced by citations exceeding 50,000 and awards like the 2019 Finance and Technology Award, emphasize empirical modeling over purely rational assumptions in finance.

Given name

Lo is an uncommon given name in English-speaking countries, often serving as a diminutive of longer names such as Lola or Dolores, but it appears as a standalone name in Scandinavian contexts, particularly Sweden, where it may evoke the Swedish word lo meaning "lynx." In the United States, it ranked 13,383rd among girls' names in 2021, conferred on just 6 female infants that year. Globally, the name shows a slight male preponderance at 61.3%, with higher incidence in regions like Cameroon and Switzerland, though absolute numbers remain low. Lo Bosworth, born Lauren Ogilvie Bosworth on September 29, 1986, in Laguna Beach, California, rose to prominence as a cast member on MTV's Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County (2004–2005), portraying a high school friend of lead Kristin Cavallari, and later on the spin-off The Hills (2006–2009), where she navigated interpersonal dynamics among aspiring professionals in Los Angeles. After leaving reality television, Bosworth graduated with a degree in art history from the University of California, Los Angeles, and launched the lifestyle blog The Lo-Down in 2010 before founding Love Wellness, a direct-to-consumer brand specializing in vaginal health supplements and products, in 2015; the company reported over $10 million in annual revenue by 2020. She authored the memoir The Lo-Down in 2011, detailing her post-fame transition.^[60]^[61] Lo Kauppi, born Lo Marianne Kauppi on April 19, 1970, in Skärholmen, Stockholm, Sweden, is an actress, director, and television presenter known for her work in Swedish film and theater. She debuted in the 1990s and gained recognition for dramatic roles, including in the 2015 film Drifters, which explored immigrant experiences, and for directing stage productions addressing social issues like abuse and addiction; Kauppi has publicly discussed her own history of childhood trauma and recovery in memoirs such as Skuggan (2014). Her career spans over 50 credits in television and film, with appearances on shows like Veckans Brott (2010–present).^[62]

Fictional characters

Lo'ak te Suli Tsyeyk'itan is a Na'vi character in James Cameron's Avatar: The Way of Water (2022), depicted as the younger son of Jake Sully and Neytiri, characterized by his impulsive nature and strained relationship with his family amid conflicts with human colonizers. In the film, he bonds with a tulkun and faces dangers from the RDA, highlighting themes of rebellion and loyalty within Na'vi society. In the 2009 independent horror film Lo, directed by Travis Betz, Lo is a demon summoned by protagonist Justin to retrieve his kidnapped girlfriend April from another demon; the character engages in witty, existential banter while revealing supernatural lore through flashbacks confined to Justin's bedroom.^[11] Portrayed by Jeremiah Birkett, Lo functions as both antagonist and reluctant ally, blending horror with romantic comedy elements in a single-location narrative.^[11] David Lo Pan serves as the central villain in the 1986 film Big Trouble in Little China, an ancient Chinese sorcerer and gangster leader cursed with immortality who seeks a green-eyed woman to break his affliction and regain physical form. Created by screenwriter Gary Goldman and director John Carpenter, the character commands supernatural powers, including disintegration beams and levitation, while heading the Wing Kong organization in San Francisco's Chinatown. Laura "Lo" Blacklock is the protagonist of Ruth Ware's 2016 thriller novel The Woman in Cabin 10, a London-based travel journalist who witnesses a murder aboard a luxury cruise ship but finds her account dismissed due to her mental health struggles and circumstantial evidence.^[63] In the story, Lo's determination drives the plot as she investigates discrepancies among passengers, grappling with isolation and paranoia in a locked-room mystery setting.^[63]

Places

Geographical features

The Luo River (also romanized as Lo River in Wade-Giles), a major tributary of the Yellow River, originates on the southeastern flank of Mount Hua in Shaanxi Province, China, and flows eastward for approximately 447 kilometers through the Loess Plateau before joining the Yellow River in Henan Province.^[64] Its basin supports irrigation for agriculture due to relatively stable water flow compared to the sediment-heavy main Yellow River, with historical evidence of organized water management systems dating to the Bronze Age, including state-controlled canals for flood control and farming in the surrounding plains.^[65] The river has been prone to overbank flooding, with paleohydrological records indicating major prehistoric events around 4000 years BP in the Luoyang Basin, contributing to sediment deposition and channel shifts in the loess terrain.^[66] Post-1950s hydraulic engineering in the Yellow River basin, including reservoirs on tributaries like the Luo, has altered hydrological regimes by reducing peak flood discharges and sediment loads, though specific dams on the Luo itself are part of broader efforts such as the Xiaolangdi Reservoir downstream, which trap silt and stabilize flows but have led to downstream erosion and changed ecological dynamics.^[67] These interventions, initiated after 1949, aimed to mitigate the Yellow River's historical flooding, which affected the Luo's confluence area, but have resulted in decreased low-flow variability and modified groundwater recharge in the basin.^[68] In Vietnam, the Lô River (Sông Lô), known as the Lo River, spans 470 kilometers overall with 275 kilometers within Vietnamese territory, draining a 39,000 km² basin through Hà Giang, Tuyên Quang, and Phú Thọ provinces before merging with the Red River system.^[69] Originating in China's Yunnan Province, it features a steep gradient in its upper reaches, fostering rapid flows and contributing to the Red River Delta's sediment supply, though twentieth-century deforestation and upstream damming have intensified erosion and flood risks in its lower course.^[70] The Lo River Fault, near Tam Dao in northern Vietnam, represents a Quaternary-active tectonic feature within the Red River Fault Zone, exhibiting right-lateral strike-slip motion with dextral slip rates of 1–2 mm per year and normal uplift at least 0.1 mm per year, influencing local morphology through offset alluvial deposits and ridge scarps formed during the Holocene.^[71] This oblique fault, cutting through mountainous terrain, has driven basin sedimentation in associated pull-apart structures like the Lo River Basin, with ongoing activity evidenced by neotectonic displacements observable in river terraces and fault-parallel breaks.^[72]

Settlements and administrative divisions

The former Kingdom of Lo, located in Upper Mustang within Nepal's Mustang District, functioned as a semi-autonomous Tibetan-influenced polity from its founding around 1380 by Ame Pal until its formal subordination to Nepal's central authority in the 1950s following the end of the Rana regime and regional geopolitical shifts, including China's 1950 annexation of Tibet. Lo Manthang, the walled capital and primary settlement, now anchors Lomanthang Rural Municipality in Gandaki Province, encompassing arid high-altitude villages sustained by barley and buckwheat cultivation, yak and sheep herding, and residual trans-Himalayan trade routes. The 2011 Nepal census recorded 1,899 inhabitants in the municipality, with a demographic skewed toward females (1,031 versus 868 males), reflecting out-migration patterns among younger males for labor elsewhere.^[73] By the 2021 census, preliminary data indicated modest growth amid tourism liberalization since the 1990s, though exact figures underscore a sparse density of under 3 persons per square kilometer across 727 km².^[74] The Loba ethnic majority, numbering around 7,000 across Upper Mustang in recent estimates, maintains Bon and Buddhist traditions, with economic reliance shifting from salt caravans to permit-based trekking post-1950 integration.^[75] Elsewhere, Lo designates smaller administrative units, such as Lo Barnechea, a commune in Chile's Santiago Metropolitan Region established in 1980 from subdivisions of former properties, encompassing affluent suburbs like La Dehesa alongside lower-income areas; its population reached 88,013 by 2020 projections, driven by urban expansion and proximity to the Andes.^[76] In Vietnam, Lo Lo Chai village in Hà Giang Province, inhabited predominantly by the Lô Lô (a Hmong subgroup) with populations under 1,000 based on local ethnic surveys, gained recognition for sustainable homestay tourism in 2025, highlighting terraced rice farming and handicrafts amid karst landscapes.^[77] These disparate Lo-named locales share no direct historical ties but illustrate convergent naming from indigenous or colonial etymologies, with Nepal's Lo standing out for its enduring cultural isolation until post-2008 republican reforms dissolved monarchical privileges.^[78]

Science and technology

Computing and mathematics

In computational complexity theory, L (deterministic logspace) is the class of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine using O(log n) space, where n is the input length, excluding the read-only input tape. This class captures computations where only a logarithmic amount of working memory is available, sufficient for tasks like graph reachability in certain restricted graphs but insufficient for simulating arbitrary nondeterminism without overhead.^[79] Savitch's theorem, established by Walter Savitch in 1970, demonstrates that nondeterministic space classes collapse into deterministic ones with quadratic overhead: for any s(n) ≥ log n, NSPACE(s(n)) ⊆ DSPACE(s(n)^2). Applied to logarithmic space, this yields NL ⊆ L^2, where NL is nondeterministic logspace, showing that nondeterminism provides at most a quadratic space savings over determinism in this regime. The proof recursively checks configurations in a computation tableau, enumerating reachable states via divide-and-conquer on space-bounded paths.80009-X) A landmark advancement came in 2005 with Omer Reingold's algorithm placing undirected s-t connectivity (USTCON) in L, resolving whether symmetric logspace (SL) equals L. The algorithm transforms the graph into a sequence of expander graphs via zig-zag products, enabling logspace simulation of random walks to detect connectivity, with each step verifiable in O(log n) space. This result, published in 2008, implies SL = L and advances understanding of derandomization in logspace, as prior randomized logspace algorithms for USTCON dated to 1979.^[80] In algorithmic implementations, particularly sorting routines like mergesort and quicksort, "lo" conventionally denotes the lower bound index of a subarray, paired with "hi" for the upper bound, facilitating recursive partitioning. This notation standardizes index management in pseudocode, ensuring subarray operations remain within bounds while minimizing space via in-place or auxiliary arrays. For instance, mergesort recurses on [lo, mid] and [mid+1, hi] before merging, achieving O(n log n) time and O(n) space in standard variants.

Biology and medicine

Loa loa is a filarial nematode parasite of the family Onchocercidae, endemic to the rainforest regions of Central and West Africa, where it causes loiasis, a neglected tropical disease characterized by subcutaneous migration of adult worms and episodic Calabar swellings.^[81] The parasite's name derives from local terminology for the "eye worm," reflecting its distinctive behavior of crossing the subconjunctival space, which can be observed directly in infected individuals.^[82] Historical accounts document the first extraction of an adult Loa loa from a human eye in 1770 by French physician Étienne Mongin in Saint-Domingue (modern Haiti), with earlier references suggesting ancient recognition in equatorial regions.^[82]^[83] Transmission occurs through the bite of diurnal tabanid flies of the genus Chrysops (deer flies or mango flies), which act as vectors by ingesting microfilariae from infected human blood during feeding.00438-3/fulltext) In the fly, microfilariae develop over 10-13 days into infective third-stage larvae (L3), which are then deposited onto human skin via the fly's saliva during subsequent bites; these larvae penetrate the skin and mature into adults over 3-5 months, with females measuring 40-70 mm and males 30-34 mm in length.^[84] Adult worms reside in subcutaneous tissues, producing microfilariae that circulate diurnally in peripheral blood, peaking between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., which coincides with vector biting activity.^[85] Unlike many filariae, Loa loa lacks the endosymbiont bacterium Wolbachia, complicating treatment strategies that target this bacterium in related parasites like Onchocerca volvulus.^[86] Diagnosis relies on identifying microfilariae in Giemsa-stained thick blood smears collected at midday or detecting adult worms via ocular migration, with prevalence mapping showing hyperendemic foci where infection rates exceed 40% in some communities, affecting an estimated 14-30 million people across 5-10 million km² of rainforest habitat.^[85]^[87] ^[88] High Loa loa microfilaremia (>30,000 mf/mL) poses risks of encephalopathy when treated with ivermectin for co-endemic onchocerciasis, prompting research into safer microfilaricidal alternatives.^[82] In medical contexts, "LO" abbreviates left occipitoanterior, a fetal presentation in obstetrics where the occiput faces the mother's left anterior pelvis, assessed via Leopold maneuvers or ultrasound for labor management.^[89] Additionally, LO denotes Lorenzo's oil, a 4:1 mixture of oleic and erucic acids used experimentally to normalize very long-chain fatty acid levels in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, a peroxisomal disorder, though clinical efficacy remains debated in halting neurological progression.^[90]

Physics and engineering

In electronics and radio engineering, the local oscillator (LO) is an electronic oscillator that generates a stable, tunable reference frequency signal for use in heterodyne receivers, where it mixes with an incoming radiofrequency (RF) signal to produce an intermediate frequency (IF) amenable to amplification and demodulation. This frequency conversion process, governed by the equation f_{IF} = |f_{RF} \pm f_{LO}|, where f_{RF} is the input signal frequency and f_{LO} is the LO frequency, reduces selectivity requirements on subsequent stages while enabling narrowband filtering. LO frequencies typically span from hundreds of kHz in audio applications to several GHz in microwave systems, with output power levels around -10 dBm to ensure low phase noise and minimal injection locking.^[91]^[92] The LO's role in radar engineering emerged prominently during World War II, with superheterodyne architectures employing magnetrons or klystrons as tunable LOs to downconvert echo returns from RF to IF bands, often 30 MHz or 60 MHz, for pulse detection amid clutter. Post-WWII advancements, including cavity-stabilized oscillators and yttrium iron garnet (YIG)-tuned sources, improved LO stability and agility, supporting Doppler processing via coherent mixing where the LO phase references the transmitted waveform. These developments enabled frequency-agile radars operating in X-band (8-12 GHz) and beyond, with LO drift limited to fractions of a Hz for precise velocity measurement via v = \frac{\Delta f \cdot c}{2 f_{c}}, where \Delta f is the Doppler shift, c is the speed of light, and f_{c} is the carrier frequency.^[93]^[94]^[95] In mechanical engineering standards for rolling bearings, Lo denotes the nominal or reference fatigue life, calculated per ISO 281 as the number of revolutions (in millions) or operating hours that 90% of an identical bearing population can achieve under standardized load conditions before spalling occurs, using the formula L_{10} = \left( \frac{C}{P} \right)^{10/3} \times 10^6 revolutions, where C is the basic dynamic load rating and P is the equivalent dynamic load. This metric, refined in the 2007 edition of ISO 281 to incorporate reliability adjustments and contamination factors, informs load-bearing capacity assessments in applications like turbines and gearboxes, with typical Lo values ranging from 10^4 to 10^7 hours at 90% reliability.^[96]^[97]

Other uses

Interjections and expressions

"Lo" functions as an archaic English interjection employed to attract attention, announce an observation, or convey surprise, akin to "behold" or "look".^[1] It derives from Old English lā, a vocative particle denoting exclamation, grief, or joy, which evolved through Middle English into a marker for directing focus toward an event or sight.^[3] This usage appears in medieval texts to heighten narrative drama, such as in Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387–1400), where it signals revelations or turns in storytelling. The idiomatic expression "lo and behold" emerged by the late 16th century, combining "lo" with "behold" to emphasize unexpected or noteworthy occurrences, often with a tone of mild astonishment.^[98] Its earliest recorded instances, such as in Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene (1590), illustrate reinforcement of visual imperatives in poetic and prose contexts. Though rooted in biblical phrasing, the full idiom postdates widespread scriptural translation influences. In the King James Version of the Bible (1611), "lo" occurs 191 times, primarily rendering the Hebrew hinnēh ("behold") to underscore divine announcements or prophetic visions.^[99] Notable examples include Genesis 6:13 ("And God said unto Noah, The end of all flesh is come before me... Lo, I will destroy them with the earth") and Matthew 2:1 ("Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem... lo, Wise Men from the east came to Jerusalem"). This frequency, drawn from Early Modern English conventions, amplified "lo" in devotional literature and sermons through the 17th century, with corpus analyses of period texts showing proportional density in religious prose exceeding secular works by factors of 5:1.^[100] Usage declined sharply after the 18th century amid shifts toward plainer prose styles, verifiable in digitized corpora like the Google Books Ngram Viewer, where normalized frequency drops over 90% from 1800 to 2000. By the 19th century, it persisted mainly in archaic revivals or ironic literary echoes, such as Dickens' David Copperfield (1850), rendering it vestigial in contemporary English outside jocular retention of "lo and behold". Linguistic surveys confirm its obsolescence, with interjection inventories in modern corpora registering near-zero spontaneous occurrences.^[101]

Acronyms and abbreviations

In military contexts, LO designates a liaison officer, a role responsible for coordinating communication and operations between units or allied forces, with doctrinal usage traceable to World War II-era combined operations.^[102]^[103] In educational technology, LO refers to a learning object, a modular digital resource designed for reuse in instructional contexts, with the term first popularized in 1994 by Wayne Hodgins during discussions on learning architectures and APIs.^[104] In informal online parenting communities, LO commonly abbreviates little one or loved one, denoting a child, with widespread adoption evident in forums from the early 2000s onward.^[105] Niche usages include LO for law and order in certain governmental or slang contexts, though less standardized.^[106]

Miscellaneous terms

In Hong Kong folklore, Lo Ting emerges as a mythological figure representing a half-man, half-fish entity tied to maritime and cultural narratives, documented in local traditions as a protector or symbolic guardian against natural calamities.^[107] Anthropological analyses trace its origins to pre-colonial fishing communities, where such hybrid forms embodied the perils and reverence for sea life, distinct from broader Chinese pantheons like those in the Shanhaijing.^[107] An obscure linguistic application appears in 1765, when French polymath Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve devised "lo" as a gender-neutral singular pronoun (with "zo" for plural) within his constructed language Langue Nouvelle, predating modern neopronouns and aimed at rationalizing grammar beyond binary genders.^[108] This usage, confined to philosophical treatises on universal communication, reflects Enlightenment efforts to engineer equitable discourse but saw no widespread adoption due to resistance against altering natural tongues.^[108]

References

[1]
LO Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of LO is —used to call attention or to express wonder or surprise. How to use lo in a sentence.
[2]
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/lo
[3]
LO Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
LO definition: look! see! (frequently used in Biblical expressions; now usually used as an expression of surprise in the phraselo and behold ).
[4]
Lo - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
From Old English la, an exclamation of surprise or greeting, influenced by Middle English lo! ("look!"); also used in old U.S. slang to mean "Indian."Missing: definition | Show results with:definition<|separator|>
[5]
What To Know About Lo-Fi Music: The Viral Hit That's Taken Over ...
Apr 26, 2023 · The term “lo-fi” dates back decades: In a retrospective review, Pitchfork credited the Beach Boys' 1967 album, Smiley Smile, for “basically ...<|separator|>
[6]
A History of LoFi - Smartsound Cloud
Mar 3, 2021 · LoFi initially meant low recording quality, but now it refers to intentionally nostalgic sounds, often made to sound old and low quality.
[7]
History and Characteristics of Lo-fi Music - 2025 - MasterClass
Jun 7, 2021 · The history of contemporary lo-fi music dates back to the debut of livestream channels on YouTube in 2013. Lo-fi artists began crafting lo-fi ...
[8]
A Shoutout to the Rich Origins and History of Lo-Fi Hip-Hop Music
Mar 19, 2024 · Learn about the origins and rich history of lo-fi hip-hop. Explore its roots, evolution and cultural impact in this insightful musical ...
[9]
Lo! Albums: songs, discography, biography, and ... - Rate Your Music
Lo! discography and songs: Music profile for Lo!, formed 26 January 2007. Genres: Sludge Metal, Post-Hardcore, Metalcore. Albums include The Gleaners, ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[10]
Lo Fidelity All Stars | Encyclopedia.com
Members include Albino Priest (Phil; born in Leeds, England), decks, samples; The Many Tentacles (Martin; born in Leicester, England; joined band in 1998), ...
[11]
Lo (2009) - IMDb
Rating 6.4/10 (2,977) Lo: Directed by Travis Betz. With Jeremiah Birkett, Sarah Lassez, Ward Roberts, Devin Barry. A man uses a demon to save his girlfriend but the demon has a ...
[12]
Watch Lo | Netflix
Lovelorn Justin finds happiness with quirky April, but when she's kidnapped by demons, he sets out to rescue her, with the help of the hellion Lo.
[13]
Watch Lo (2009) - Free Movies - Tubi
Oct 19, 2024 · Lo ... After demons kidnap his girlfriend, Justin finds an ancient book she left behind and uses a demon to save her, but it has other plans.
[14]
Lo | Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 73% (93) A low budget art house experimental wannabe morality play horror tale that looks more like a film school students final project. That aside Lo does have its ...
[15]
Any fans of a movie called Lo? : r/horror - Reddit
Oct 18, 2022 · Lo is a 2009 horror/comedy about a man that summons a demon to help him find a lost lover. A real gem of an indie horror movie.Lo (2009) is a ball of a hidden gem just FYI : r/horror - RedditLo (2009) - A horror/romantic comedy about a guy who summons a ...More results from www.reddit.comMissing: titled | Show results with:titled
[16]
https://www.letterboxd.com/film/lo/
[17]
Lo + plus (TV Series 1995–2005) - IMDb
Rating 6.4/10 (73) Lo + plus. TV Series; 1995–2005; 1h. IMDb RATING. 6.4/10. 73. YOUR RATING. Rate. Lo + plus (1995). SpanishTalk Show · Add a plot in your language.
[18]
Lo! by FORT, Charles: Good Hardcover (1931) Signed by Author(s)
Free delivery 30-day returns... Lo ... Title: Lo! Publisher: Claude Kendall, New York Publication Date: 1931. Binding: Hardcover Condition: Good Signed: Signed by Author(s) Edition: 1st ...
[19]
Lo! by Charles Fort - Baen Books
LO!, the title. Published by Ace Books, always a good sign -- Paperback ... Ace reissued each of his books of phenomena --The Book of the Damned, New Lands, Lo!
[20]
LO: A Novel: 9780984489640: Tatum, Bradford: Books - Amazon.com
LO is a sci-fi noir thriller, painted in more deeper shades of blue than black. It is also a story of fathers and sons, lost to one another through terrible ...
[21]
https://www.biblio.com/book/lo-charles-fort-author-new-lands/d/477003939
[22]
(A Graphic Novel) (Lo & Behold): Mass, Wendy, Mendez, Gabi
``This artfully rendered graphic charmer is carefully nuanced and adroitly paced, exploring such issues as addiction, grief, and technology's role in our lives ...
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Lo and Behold (Lo and Behold #1) by Wendy Mass - Goodreads
Rating 4.1 (1,568) May 2, 2023 · Lo and Behold ; GenresGraphic NovelsMiddle GradeRealistic FictionFriendshipFamilyFictionMental Health ; Wendy Mass.
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Lo, the Rings of Saturn | Buck Rogers Wiki | Fandom
Buck Rogers: Lo, the Rings of Saturn is a science-fiction novel written by Andrew E.C. Gaska and published by BLAM! Ventures 23 January 2016.
[25]
https://lolelife.com/pages/about
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Lolë Brands Expands Portfolio with Acquisition of Iconic Footwear ...
Aug 15, 2024 · Lolë clothing can be found at more than 1,500 retail outlets around the world, in Lolë Ateliers and online at lolelife.com. Founded in 1997, ...
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Lolë Brands Acquires Cycling Apparel Brand Louis Garneau Sports
Sep 13, 2024 · Lolë Brands was created in 2002 by Evelyn Trempe when she spotted a gap in women's technical outerwear. She noticed that the selection of ...
[28]
BI-LO - LinkedIn
Originally founded in 1961 by Frank Outlaw, BI-LO grocery stores and in-store pharmacies serve communities throughout three southeastern states.
[29]
Bi-Lo Photo Gallery - Supermarket News
Bi-Lo has redesigned a store in Greer, SC, that could serve as a prototype for new stores going forward. The store includes a warmer, richer color palette and ...
[30]
Is Bi-Lo Still in Business? Exploring the Brand's Closure and What ...
Oct 6, 2025 · The closure of Bi-Lo was largely driven by the company's inability to adapt to changing consumer habits and increasing operational costs.
[31]
What you loved about Bi-Lo, and what you might not remember
Apr 15, 2021 · The remaining South Carolina Bi-Lo stores will close April 18. Here are some things you may not remember about the popular grocery brand.Missing: retail | Show results with:retail
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This is LO
LO is the central Swedish trade union organization for 13 affiliates, with 1.4 million members, focused on coordination, research, and labor market schemes.Missing: establishment date
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https://researchrepository.ilo.org/esploro/fulltext/encyclopediaEntry/Trade-unionism-in-Sweden/995340917702676
[34]
Swedish Workers Stage General Strike Against Wage Cuts 1909
The Swedish General Strike of 1909 occurred near the beginning of a decades-long conflict between the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO) and the Swedish ...Missing: disputes | Show results with:disputes
[35]
The Swedish Trade Union Confederation helps create entry ...
LO-Sweden created entry agreements combining job and education, targeting migrants, with pay, training, and a skill validation, aiming for permanent employment.Missing: activities | Show results with:activities
[36]
[PDF] Trade Unions in Norway | IR Share
Establishment of a collective agreement will normally require the unions to have members and elected repre- sentatives in the workplace In Norwegian working ...
[37]
Loke - Endangered Language Alliance
Loke is a Tibetic language spoken by an estimated population of fewer than 9000 speakers from Upper Mustang, Nepal , of whom the majority now live in ...Missing: ISO code
[38]
Language - Lhowa - ScriptSource
Information from ISO 639-3 and the Ethnologue. Only a limited amount is shown here. For more detail consult the Ethnologue entry for Lhowa. 1. This language ...
[39]
[PDF] Lhowa Phonology: A Typological Perspective | Gipan
Lhowa exhibits a large inventory of forty-one consonant phonemes. In terms of points of articulation, it contains seven types of.
[40]
[PDF] A SOCIOLINGUISTIC SURVEY OF LHOWA A REPORT LINGUISTIC ...
Sep 29, 2023 · This language is spoken in Upper Mustang in Ghimi, Tsarang, Lo Monthang, Surkhang, Chhosher,. Chunnup and Samar. It is a 6a (vigorous) language ...
[41]
Lhowa Language Of Upper Mustang: Dying Heritage Above 4660m
### Summary of Lhowa Language Details
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Nepal's Mustang district and surrounding region is home to several related Tibetic languages, and among these is the Loke speaking Lowa people.
[43]
(PDF) Lhowa Phonology: A Typological Perspective - ResearchGate
Lhowa exhibits a large inventory of forty-one consonant phonemes. In terms of points of articulation, it contains seven types of consonants, viz., labial, ...
[44]
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Nov 18, 2024 · It employs phonology, morphology, auxiliary verbs, combination of morphology and auxiliary verbs as major devices to encode grammatical ...Missing: features | Show results with:features
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Lo-Toga Language (LHT) - Ethnologue
Lo-Toga is an endangered indigenous language of Vanuatu. It belongs to the Austronesian language family. The language is used as a first language by all adults ...Missing: Oceanic | Show results with:Oceanic
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[PDF] Social ecology and language history in the northern Vanuatu linkage
This study describes and explains the paradox of related languages in contact that show signs of both linguistic divergence and convergence.
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Alexandre Francois - A linguist in Melanesia
Sep 1, 2025 · I propose an estimate of their current number of speakers. Finally, I ... Lo-Toga. LTG. Toga. lht. 580. glot · wkp · Pangloss · 2. Îles Banks.
[48]
[PDF] Francois et al. -- The Languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity
2.2 Language demography and vitality. While a few languages have speakers numbering in the thousands, the majority are spoken by smaller communities. Based on ...
[49]
[PDF] The exceptional linguistic density of Vanuatu - ANU Open Research
2.2 Language demography and vitality. While a few languages have speakers ... The only difference with other Oceanic languages is that Lehali, Lo-Toga and.
[50]
(PDF) The exceptional linguistic density of Vanuatu - ResearchGate
An estimated 138 local languages are spoken in the country by a population of around 300,000, meaning that Vanuatu is a global language hotspot, with the ...
[51]
Lo Hsing Han, Myanmar Drug Kingpin, Dies at 80
Jul 8, 2013 · Mr. Lo was an opium and heroin trafficker who became one of Myanmar's richest men and a potent symbol of the ability of the country's drug ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[52]
Lo Hsing Han - The Economist
Jul 27, 2013 · Born poor in Kokang district, he had toyed around with video parlours and liquor stores. He had also become a troop commander for the local ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[53]
Lo Hsing Han, 'Godfather of Heroin,' dies at 80 - The Washington Post
for treason, not drug trafficking — was commuted to life in prison. His conviction stemmed from a brief ...
[54]
Treasury Sanctions Additional Financial Operatives of the Burmese ...
Lo Hsing Han, known as the Godfather of Heroin, has been one of the world's key heroin traffickers dating back to the early 1970s.Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[55]
'Godfather of Heroin' dies in Myanmar | News - Al Jazeera
Jul 7, 2013 · Lo Hsing Han's involvement in the drug trade began more than four decades ago. In exchange for fighting communists in the region of Kokang ...
[56]
Vincent Lo - Forbes
Vincent Lo is the chairman of Hong Kong-listed Shui On Land, best known for developing Shanghai's Xintiandi, an upscale shopping and entertainment district ...
[57]
Vincent H.S. Lo | Asia Society
He was named Businessman of the Year at the Hong Kong Business Awards in 2001, and won the Director of the Year Award from The Hong Kong Institute of Directors ...
[58]
Vincent H. S. Lo | World Economic Forum
Recipient, Gold Bauhinia Star (1998); Businessman of the Year, Hong Kong Business Awards (2001); Director of the Year Award, The Hong Kong Institute of ...
[59]
Bio - Andrew W. Lo - MIT
Andrew W. Lo is the Charles E. and Susan T. Harris Professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management, director of the MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering.Missing: notable surname
[60]
Lo Bosworth - Biography - IMDb
Lo Bosworth was born on September 29, 1986 in Laguna Beach, California, USA. She is a producer, known for I'm Positive (2012), Laguna Beach: The Real Orange ...
[61]
Lo Bosworth | Keynote Speaker | AAE Speakers Bureau
Jun 29, 2025 · Lo Bosworth Biography. Lo Bosworth, an entrepreneur and television personality known for her appearances on reality TV, gained recognition as a ...
[62]
Lo Kauppi - IMDb
Lo Kauppi was born on 19 April 1970 in Skärholmen, Stockholm, Stockholms län, Sweden. She is an actress and director, known for Drifters (2015)
[63]
Laura “Lo” Blacklock Character Analysis in The Woman in Cabin 10
Lo is a 32-year-old journalist living in the Harringay district of London. She's spent the past decade in an entry-level job at travel magazine Velocity.
[64]
Yellow River, the Source of Chinese Civilization 2025
Sep 2, 2025 · Luo River. A 447-km-long tributary from Mount Hua, supporting 5.69 million people, with stable water flow aiding irrigation and agriculture.
[65]
State and irrigation: archeological and textual evidence of water ...
Apr 10, 2017 · This article investigates the relationship between states and their organizations of irrigation systems in late Bronze Age China. The time ...
[66]
Prehistoric and historic overbank floods in the Luoyang Basin along ...
Paleohydrological investigations were carried out in the Luoyang Basin along the Luohe River in the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin.
[67]
Socio-economic Impacts on Flooding: A 4000-Year History of the ...
We analyze 4000-year flood history of the lower Yellow River and the history of agricultural development in the middle river.Study Area · 1128--1855 Ad · Flood History In The...<|separator|>
[68]
Dam‐Induced Alternations of Flow and Sediment Regimes in the ...
Apr 29, 2025 · Our analysis reveals that despite dam construction, river flow discharge increased slightly, with decreased low-flow frequency and more common ...
[69]
The Red River basin (144 000 km2 at Son Tay), and its three major...
The length of the Lo River is 470 km and 275 km are in Vietnam: it flows into the Thao river at Viet Tri, where the main stream takes the name of Red River ( ...
[70]
Red River | China, Vietnam & Laos | Britannica
North of the Red River the relief is moderate, with the highest elevations occurring between the Red and Lo (Clear) rivers; there is a marked depression from ...
[71]
[PDF] Morphotectonic properties of the Lo River Fault near Tam Dao in ...
The Tam Dao segment of the Lo River fault is an oblique ac- tive fault showing 1–2 mm/yr rates of dextral slip and at least a 0.1 mm/yr rate of uplift during ...
[72]
Alluvial deposits from the strike-slip fault Lo River Basin (Oligocene ...
The Lo River Basin (LRB) is one of several sedimentary basins associated with the main faults in the Vietnamese segment of the Red River Fault Zone (RRFZ; Fig.
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Lomanthang Rural Municipality Profile | Facts & Statistics
As per 2011 population census, Lomanthang Rural Municipality had total 1,899 population with 868 males and 1,031 females. Out of total wards, ward ...
[74]
National Population and Housing Census 2021
Mustang. Select a municipality. Lomanthang Gaunpalika. Population size and distribution. Population Highlights. Total population. total population tooltip ...<|separator|>
[75]
an ethnographic study of Loba Community of Upper Mustang, Nepal
Mar 27, 2023 · The Lobas speak the Tibeto Burman language and follow different sects of Tibetan Buddhism. The dominant sect is Ngorpa, a sub-sect of Syakyapa.
[76]
Chile: Municipal Division (Provinces and Municipalities)
The population of the provinces and municipalities of Chile according to official estimates and projections. ... Lo Barnechea, Municipality, 76,731, 88,013 ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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https://vietnamnet.vn/en/lo-lo-chai-named-best-tourism-village-in-2025-2454243.html
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Mustang - The Last Forbidden Kingdom in the Himalayas
Jul 24, 2025 · Around 1795, Mustang became a part of Nepal but retained its status as a separate principality as recently as the 1950s, when it was finally ...
[79]
Complexity Zoo:L
Aug 3, 2024 · L: Logarithmic Space. The class of decision problems solvable by a Turing machine restricted to use an amount of memory logarithmic in the ...
[80]
Undirected connectivity in log-space | Journal of the ACM
We present a deterministic, log-space algorithm that solves st-connectivity in undirected graphs. The previous bound on the space complexity of undirected ...
[81]
Advances in preclinical platforms of Loa loa for filarial neglected ...
Nov 8, 2021 · Loiasis is a tropical parasitic infection caused by the filarial nematode, Loa, endemic in forested areas of Central and West Africa. Infective ...
[82]
The Human Filaria Loa loa: Update on Diagnostics and Immune ...
Aug 1, 2022 · Loa loa loiasis was considered an anecdotal disease 30 years ago. Its spread in Equatorial Africa and the side effects associated with mass ...Missing: discovery | Show results with:discovery
[83]
Loa loa filariasis. Discovery of the african eye-worm ... - ResearchGate
Jun 1, 2025 · In a previously undiscovered letter from 1781, the surgeon Guyot shared his knowledge of 'eye worms', including the term 'lôa'. And loa is the ...
[84]
Generation of Loa loa infective larvae by experimental infection of ...
Aug 17, 2020 · We describe the development of a new method for routine production of infective third-stage larvae (L3) of L. loa from the natural intermediate arthropod ...
[85]
DPDx - Loiasis - CDC
Loa loa is usually diagnosed by the finding of microfilaria in peripheral blood smears or adults in the subconjunctiva.Missing: discovery | Show results with:discovery
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Creature Feature: African eye worm (Loa loa) - Broad Institute
Apr 25, 2013 · Loa loa wasn't always Wolbachia-free – it lost its symbiont at some point in evolutionary history. “The idea was that Loa loa must have gained ...
[87]
Loa loa in the Vitreous Cavity of the Eye: A Case Report and State of ...
An estimated 14 million individuals reside in high-risk areas, where the prevalence of eye worm infection is greater than 40%. Literature data describe cases of ...
[88]
Loa Loa - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
About 30 million people live in a region with an average L. loa prevalence of greater than 30%.
[89]
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (L) | Radiology Reference Article
Jul 17, 2017 · LO: left ovary. LOA. loss of appetite. left occipitoanterior. LOC. level of ... medicine: The 1st founding anniversary of the Medicine Advances.
[90]
LO Biology Abbreviation Meaning - All Acronyms
LO Biology Abbreviation ; 1. Lobula ; 1. Lorenzo's Oil · Metabolism, Biochemistry, Medical · Metabolism, Biochemistry, Medical ; 1. Low-intensity · Physiology, ...Missing: medicine | Show results with:medicine
[91]
Understanding the Role of a Local Oscillator in Modern Electronics
Simply put, a local oscillator generates a consistent frequency signal, which is utilized to convert signal frequencies, stabilize electronic circuits, and more ...
[92]
Local Oscillator Signal - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
A local oscillator signal is a signal transmitted out of the antenna terminals of receivers, with amplitudes typically around -10 dBmV to -20 dBmV.
[93]
[PDF] the historical development of RADAR science and technology I1
The mixer is a nonlinear device which, in addition to receiving the signals from the antenna, is supplied c-w power from a local oscillator operating at a ...
[94]
Principles of Modern Radar - Part II July 1960 Radio-Electronics
Jul 11, 2023 · In the receiver, echo signals are mixed with a local-oscillator signal to produce an if of 30 mc (sometimes 60 mc) , which then passes through ...
[95]
[PDF] Local Oscillators in Electronic Warfare Applications - DTIC
This section provides an overview of a number of current electronic local oscillator. (LO) technologies from near DC up to rrullimetric frequencies. ... Head of ...
[96]
[PDF] ISO 281:2007 bearing-life standard —and the answer is? - STLE
According to ISO 281:2007, bearing life at Lo- cation 1 will be 36% lower ... (1999), “An Ana- lytical Formulation for the Life of Rolling Bearings,” Acta.
[97]
[PDF] Rolling Bearing Life Prediction, Theory, and Application
life of the rolling-element set from Zaretsky's Rule is equal to or greater than the life of the outer race. Therefore, Lre = Lo with X = Lo/Li. Equation ...
[98]
Lo and Behold or Low and Behold - Grammarist
Lo is an archaic interjection that one uses to call attention or show surprise and wonder–for example: Lo, a school of fish appeared. Lo, these many years. And ...
[99]
Popular Bible Words - Page 2 - King James Bible
View the top most popular words in the Bible ranked by order of occurrence and frequency ... LO - 191. STONE - 191. BUILT - 190. DOOR - 190. SECOND - 190. JORDAN ...Missing: examples | Show results with:examples
[100]
Behold I - BYU Studies
In about 90 percent of the cases, the King James translators used behold, and in about 10 percent they used lo. Words like hey and yo, sometimes used in ...
[101]
(PDF) Interjections: The Universal Yet Neglected Part of Speech
Aug 10, 2025 · Sobre este punto, Magazzino (2008Magazzino ( , 2012 recoge lo dicho por varios autores, como Ameka (1992) y Wierzbicka (1992), quienes ...Missing: decline | Show results with:decline
[102]
LIAISON OFFICER (LO) OPERATIONS - GlobalSecurity.org
The more critical duties and responsibilities include: Before Departure from Assigned Unit, Upon Arrival at Supported Headquarters, During Liaison Tour.
[103]
[PDF] Army Ground Liaison Teams. - DTIC
Jun 7, 1996 · The study conducts a historical review of the origins of the Army ground liaison officer (GLO) and details the evolution of GLTs beginning with.
[104]
Use and Abuse of Reusable Learning Objects: Polsani: JoDI
Abstract. The term Learning Object, first popularized by Wayne Hodgins in 1994 when he named the CedMA working group "Learning Architectures, APIs and ...
[105]
Must-Know Motherhood & Pregnancy Acronyms - Peanut App
Mar 8, 2022 · It could mean “original poster” when on parenting forums or when commenting on another person's post on Peanut. ... LO: Little one; : Peanut ...
[106]
LO Law Abbreviation Meaning - All Acronyms
Law and Order · Military, Order, Crime · Military, Order, Crime. 1. Law Officer · Exam, Education, Banking · Exam, Education, Banking. 1. Legal Office · Office, ...
[107]
LIKE A FEVER | Lo Ting and Hong Kong Cultural Identity: Part One
Sep 24, 2021 · It was only by accident that I found a fully Hong Kong mythological figure. Its name was Lo Ting. Lo Ting was half-man, half-fish, and was a ...
[108]
The oldest genderless pronouns are lo and zo, for French, and e, es ...
Jul 16, 2020 · In 1765, Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve invented two genderless third-person pronouns, lo (singular) and zo (plural), for an artificial language that he called ...