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Lora

LoRa is a proprietary long-range, low-power wireless modulation technique developed by Semtech Corporation, employing chirp spread spectrum to facilitate efficient, low-data-rate communication over distances exceeding 10 kilometers in rural settings while consuming minimal energy, making it suitable for battery-operated Internet of Things (IoT) devices.^[1]^[2] Invented in 2009 by Cycleo and acquired by Semtech in 2012, LoRa operates in unlicensed sub-gigahertz frequency bands such as 915 MHz in North America and 868 MHz in Europe, enabling robust signal penetration through obstacles with resistance to interference.^[1] As the physical layer for the open LoRaWAN protocol standardized by the LoRa Alliance—a consortium including Semtech and over 500 members— it supports scalable deployments for applications including smart metering, asset tracking, and environmental monitoring, where traditional cellular networks prove inefficient due to higher power demands and costs.^[3] Despite its proprietary modulation core, which has drawn criticism for potential vendor lock-in, LoRa's empirical advantages in range and longevity—often yielding multi-year battery life—have driven widespread adoption, with billions of connected endpoints projected by industry analyses, underscoring its role in enabling cost-effective, decentralized IoT ecosystems without reliance on centralized infrastructure.^[3]^[4]

Personal names

Given name

Lora is a feminine given name of Latin origin, derived from laurus, meaning "laurel" or "crowned with laurel," a symbol of victory and honor in ancient Roman culture.^[5]^[6] The name emerged as a variant of Laura or Loretta, with usage documented in English-speaking regions from the 14th century onward, though it gained prominence in the 19th and early 20th centuries.^[5]^[7] In the United States, Lora entered the top 1,000 names for girls in the late 1800s, peaking at rank 150 in 1922 before declining sharply after the mid-20th century; by 2023, it no longer ranked in the top 1,000 according to Social Security Administration data.^[8] Its usage remains sporadic internationally, appearing in countries like Hungary and Slovenia with low incidence rates. Variants include Lorae, Lorah, and Lorra, often reflecting regional phonetic adaptations.^[9] Notable individuals bearing the name include Lora Logic (born Susan Whitby, 1960), a British punk rock saxophonist and founding member of the band X-Ray Spex, influential in the late 1970s UK punk scene.^[10]^[11] The name's enduring but niche appeal ties to its association with classical symbolism rather than modern trends.^[12]

Surname

Lora is a surname of Spanish origin, functioning as a habitational name derived from locales such as Lora de Estepa or Lora del Río, both situated in the province of Seville, Spain.^[13] This etymology reflects a common pattern in Iberian naming conventions where surnames arise from geographic identifiers associated with ancestral residences or estates. Genetic ancestry data indicates that approximately 47.8% of individuals bearing the surname trace their paternal lineage to Spanish and Portuguese roots, with a predominant haplogroup O-F2415 linked to East Asian and Indigenous American ancestry in some populations, suggesting historical admixture in colonial contexts.^[13] The surname exhibits the highest incidence in the Dominican Republic, where it is the most prevalent among global bearers, followed by concentrations in other Hispano-Caribbean nations; overall, 77% of Lora surname holders reside in the Americas, with 36% in the Caribbean region specifically.^[14] In the United States, it ranks as the 5,001st most common surname as of 2010, with 84.2% of bearers identifying as Hispanic origin and only 11.8% as non-Hispanic white, underscoring its strong association with Latino diaspora communities.^[15]^[16] Historical records trace the name's presence in the U.S. back to at least 1840, with family concentrations noted in states like New York and Texas by 1920.^[17] Notable individuals include Pedro de Lora, a Spanish explorer and navigator who participated in Christopher Columbus's second voyage to the New World in 1493.^[15] Another bearer is Carmelo de Diego Lora, a Spanish judge, canon law jurist, and priest recognized for contributions to ecclesiastical legal scholarship.^[18] In modern contexts, Alex Lora (born February 7, 1952) stands out as a Mexican rock musician and the founder and lead singer of the band El Tri, influential in Latin American rock since the 1970s.^[19] Alberto Lora Ramos (born October 24, 1987) is a retired Spanish footballer who played as a defender, primarily for Athletic Bilbao, accumulating over 100 appearances in La Liga.^[19]

Geographical locations

Settlements and regions

Several municipalities and settlements bear the name Lora or variants thereof, primarily in Spain, with additional instances in other countries. In Spain, Lora del Río is a municipality in the province of Seville, Andalusia, situated on the banks of the Guadalquivir River, with a population of approximately 19,100 inhabitants.^[20] Lora de Estepa, also in Seville province, is a smaller municipality with an estimated population of 891 as of 2023.^[21] In Chile, Lora is a hamlet located on the Mataquito River within the Licantén commune of Curicó Province, Maule Region, named after a local Promaucaes indigenous tribe.^[22] In Pakistan, Lora Tehsil constitutes an administrative subdivision of Abbottabad District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, encompassing local government structures including a tehsil council.^[23] Smaller settlements named Lora exist elsewhere, such as a village in Dandai Tehsil, Garhwa district, Jharkhand, India.^[24] Globally, at least 13 places named Lora are recorded across nine countries, including instances in Afghanistan, Indonesia, and additional sites in Pakistan.^[25]

Natural features

Lora is a natural inlet and harbor in the northwestern part of Split, Croatia, integrated into the larger Bay of Kaštela along the Dalmatian coast. This coastal feature consists of sheltered, deep waters enclosed by the bay's karst-influenced topography, which includes surrounding hills and rocky promontories that mitigate exposure to Adriatic winds and swells.^[26]^[27] The Bay of Kaštela, encompassing Lora, exemplifies the region's geological profile of submerged karst poljes and tectonic subsidence, creating a series of interconnected bays with irregular shorelines and submerged valleys dating to the Quaternary period. Lora's configuration as a narrow, protected cove stems from this erosional and marine inundation process, fostering a stable anchorage amid the otherwise exposed eastern Adriatic seaboard.^[28]^[29]

Technology

LoRa (wireless modulation)

LoRa is a proprietary chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation technique originally invented in 2010 by the French startup Cycleo and acquired by Semtech Corporation in 2012.^[30] It functions as the physical (PHY) layer for low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs), enabling long-range wireless communication with minimal energy consumption, primarily for Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks.^[31] The technique derives from direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) but employs continuously varying frequency chirps to spread the signal across the channel bandwidth, improving receiver sensitivity and robustness over narrowband methods like frequency-shift keying (FSK).^[32] In LoRa modulation, data is encoded using up-chirps (frequency increasing linearly over the symbol period) or down-chirps (frequency decreasing), with symbols formed by cyclic shifts of a base chirp sequence.^[32] Each symbol carries a number of bits equal to the spreading factor (SF), where the chirp rate matches the bandwidth to maintain constant envelope modulation, facilitating efficient power amplification.^[32] This CSS approach equates timing acquisition with frequency offset correction at the receiver, simplifying demodulation compared to traditional DSSS systems.^[32] Core parameters include spreading factor (SF7 to SF12), which sets the ratio of chip rate to symbol rate (2^SF), extending symbol duration for higher SF values to boost processing gain and link margin at the cost of reduced throughput; bandwidth (BW), selectable as 125 kHz, 250 kHz, or 500 kHz to scale the chirp sweep; and coding rate (CR), ranging from 4/5 to 4/8, which adds redundancy for forward error correction via Hamming codes.^[31]^[32] The resulting bit rate follows R_b = SF \times \frac{BW}{2^{SF}} \times CR, yielding rates from approximately 0.018 kbps (SF12, 125 kHz BW, CR=4/8) to 37.5 kbps (SF7, 500 kHz BW, CR=4/5), with higher SF providing sensitivities down to -148 dBm.^[32] Spreading factors are orthogonal, permitting concurrent transmissions across SFs in the same frequency channel without desensing, which supports scalable network capacity.^[31] LoRa operates in unlicensed sub-1 GHz ISM bands (e.g., 433 MHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz), achieving rural ranges up to 15 km and urban ranges to 2-5 km under regulatory power limits (typically +14 to +20 dBm transmit power).^[31] The modulation's benefits stem from CSS properties, including 90 dB out-of-channel selectivity for interference rejection, resilience to multipath fading via rake-like correlation, and tolerance to Doppler shifts up to several km/h, making it suitable for mobile or obstructed environments; it also enables implicit ranging through time-of-flight measurements on chirp timestamps.^[32] These attributes yield a link budget 15-20 dB superior to FSK in comparable bandwidths, prioritizing reliability over speed for battery lifetimes exceeding 10 years in low-duty-cycle deployments.^[31]^[32]

LoRA (machine learning adaptation)

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique for adapting large pre-trained transformer models to downstream tasks by injecting low-rank decomposition matrices into the model's layers while keeping the original weights frozen.^[33] This approach decomposes the update to a pre-trained weight matrix W as \Delta W = BA, where B is a d \times r matrix, A is an r \times k matrix, and r (the rank) is a small hyperparameter much smaller than d or k, reducing the number of trainable parameters from dk to r(d + k).^[33] LoRA was developed to address the computational and memory challenges of full fine-tuning large models like GPT-3, which has 175 billion parameters and requires substantial GPU resources for updates.^[33] The method was introduced in a 2021 paper by researchers at Microsoft, including Edward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen, titled "LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models."^[33] Experiments in the paper demonstrated that LoRA achieves performance on par with or better than full fine-tuning on models such as RoBERTa, DeBERTa, GPT-2, and GPT-3 across tasks including GLUE benchmarks and code generation, while using up to 10,000 times fewer trainable parameters and reducing GPU memory needs by factors of 3 or more.^[33] For instance, fine-tuning GPT-3 with LoRA required only 18 MB of trainable parameters compared to 350 GB for full fine-tuning.^[33] The technique is implemented by modifying forward passes to include the low-rank updates and training only the decomposition matrices A and B, with A typically initialized to zero to preserve pre-trained behavior initially.^[34] LoRA's efficiency stems from the empirical observation that large language model weight updates during fine-tuning often exhibit low intrinsic rank, allowing low-rank approximations to capture most of the necessary adaptations without overfitting or catastrophic forgetting.^[33] It has been widely adopted in frameworks like Hugging Face Transformers and PEFT libraries for tasks such as instruction tuning, domain adaptation, and personalization of models like LLaMA and Stable Diffusion.^[35] Variants like QLoRA extend it by quantizing the base model to 4-bit precision, further reducing memory usage to enable fine-tuning on consumer hardware.^[36] Key advantages include drastically lower training costs—often 1-3 orders of magnitude in parameters and compute—faster convergence, and the ability to merge adapters post-training for inference without added latency.^[33]^[37] However, LoRA may underperform full fine-tuning on tasks requiring substantial deviation from the pre-trained distribution, as the fixed low rank limits expressivity; empirical studies show diminishing returns when r is too small or for cross-lingual shifts between dissimilar languages.^[38] It also inherits limitations of the base model, such as biases or gaps in pre-training data, without the corrective power of exhaustive parameter updates.^[33] Despite these, LoRA's trade-offs favor it for resource-constrained settings, with ongoing research exploring adaptive ranks and mixtures of adapters to mitigate constraints.^[39]

Other uses

Typography and design

Lora is a serif typeface family designed primarily by Polish type designer Olga Karpushina, with contributions from Alexei Vanyashin, and released in 2011 by the type foundry Cyreal.^[40]^[41] It draws inspiration from calligraphic forms, featuring moderate contrast between thick and thin strokes that lends a balanced, contemporary appearance suitable for extended reading in body text.^[40]^[42] The design emphasizes readability through subtle variations in stroke width and terminal shapes, avoiding the high contrast of more dramatic serifs while incorporating fluid, painterly curves reminiscent of handwriting.^[42] Its italics exhibit a pronounced calligraphic slant and flourish, enhancing expressiveness without compromising legibility, which distinguishes Lora from rigidly geometric serifs.^[43] The family supports Latin and Cyrillic scripts, with a variable font version later developed to allow flexible weight adjustments across a range from thin to black.^[41]^[44] In typographic applications, Lora's moderate x-height and open counters promote clear hierarchy in print and digital media, performing well at small sizes due to its even spacing and avoidance of overly condensed proportions.^[40] Distributed freely via Google Fonts under an open-source license, it has been adopted for web and editorial uses where a classic yet modern serif is desired, often paired with sans-serifs like Roboto for contrast.^[45]

Biology and notable animals

The Yellow-shouldered Amazon (Amazona barbadensis), locally known as the Lora in regions such as Bonaire, is a medium-sized parrot endemic to arid coastal zones of northern Venezuela and the Caribbean island of Bonaire.^[46] This species inhabits dry deciduous forests, thorn scrub, and mangroves, adapting to semi-arid environments as the only member of its genus restricted to such habitats.^[47] Adults measure about 33 cm in length and weigh approximately 270 g, with predominantly green plumage accented by yellow on the crown, shoulders, and outer tail feathers, alongside a whitish forehead and blue eye-ring.^[48] Lor as are primarily frugivorous and granivorous, consuming seeds, fruits, flowers, and cacti, supplemented occasionally by insects; they forage in flocks during the day and roost communally in tall trees, sometimes numbering up to 700 individuals.^[49] Breeding occurs in tree cavities or abandoned woodpecker holes, with clutches of 2–4 eggs laid from March to June in Venezuela, and incubation lasting around 26 days.^[50] The species faces severe threats from habitat degradation, nest predation by rats and cats, and illegal pet trade, resulting in an estimated wild population of 2,500–9,999 individuals and a classification of Endangered by the IUCN as of 2024.^[46]^[51] Conservation measures, including nest protection, artificial nest provision, and reintroduction programs—such as the release of captive-raised individuals into Aruba's wilds on January 11, 2024—have shown success in bolstering local populations on Bonaire and Margarita Island.^[50]^[52] Another biological entity termed Lora is the parrot snake (Leptophis ahaetulla), a slender colubrid species distributed from Mexico through Central America to northern South America.^[53] This diurnal, arboreal snake reaches lengths of up to 180 cm, exhibiting a bright green dorsum with yellow lateral stripes and mildly venomous rear fangs used to subdue prey.^[54] It preys opportunistically on arboreal amphibians, lizards, bird eggs, nestlings, and small mammals, employing constriction alongside envenomation; females are oviparous, laying clutches whose size varies but has been documented as 3–5 eggs in some populations.^[55] No highly notable individual animals named Lora have been widely documented beyond these species' ecological roles.

References

[1]
LoRa PHY | Semtech - What Is Lora
Semtech's LoRa is a long range, low power wireless platform that has become the de facto wireless platform of Internet of Things (IoT).
[2]
What are LoRa and LoRaWAN? - The Things Network
LoRa is a wireless modulation technique derived from Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) technology. It encodes information on radio waves using chirp pulses - similar ...Lorawan · Lora Alliance · Bandwidth Vs. Range<|separator|>
[3]
Semtech LoRa Technology Overview
Semtech's LoRa chipsets connect sensors to the Cloud and enable real-time communication of data and analytics that can be utilized to enhance efficiency and ...LoRa PHY · LoRa Applications · Benefits of LoRa · LoRa Developers | Resources
[4]
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8474715
[5]
Lora - Baby Name Meaning, Origin and Popularity - TheBump.com
Lora is a feminine name of Latin origin meaning "crowned with laurel" or simply “laurel.” This 14th-century moniker is a variant of Laura or Loretta.
[6]
Lora Name Meaning, Origin, History, And Popularity - MomJunction
May 7, 2024 · Lora, a female given name, is a variant of the name Laura. Laura is the feminine form of the Late Latin term Laurus, signifying 'laurel.'Origin, Meaning, And History... · Lora' In QR Code · Popular Sibling Names For Lora
[7]
Lora: Name Meaning and Origin - SheKnows
In Latin Baby Names the meaning of the name Lora is: Laurel; The laurel tree or sweet bay tree symbolic of honor and victory. Old name with many variants.Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
[8]
Popularity for the name Lora - Behind the Name
Hungary. Medieval England. Slovenia. United States. Numbers. Lora (feminine), Lora (masculine). Year, Rank, Percent Used, Rank, Percent Used.
[9]
https://www.babynames.com/name/lora
[10]
Most Famous People Named Lora - #1 is Lora Logic - Playback.fm
The most famous person named Lora is Lora Logic. Other famous people named include celebrities like Lora L. Corum and Lora Yakovleva.
[11]
Lora - Baby Name, Origin, Meaning, And Popularity | Parenting Patch
The name Lora has its roots in the Latin word "laurus," meaning "laurel," which is a symbol of victory and honor. The name evolved through various linguistic ...
[12]
Lora - Girl Names - Mama Natural
Lora means: A variant short form of Leonora and Laura. Lora Name Origin: Latin; Pronunciation: l(o)-ra; See what ...
[13]
Lora Surname/Last Name: Meaning, Origin, Family History 2024
47.8% Spanish & Portuguese origin. 86.59% Hispanic in US. Spanish: habitational name from Lora de Estepa or Lora del Río, both in Seville province.
[14]
Lora Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
The surname Lora (Georgian: ლორა, Hindi: लोरा, Marathi: लोरा, Oriya: େଲାରା) is borne by more people in The Dominican Republic than any other country or territory. It ...
[15]
Lora last name popularity, history, and meaning
Another notable figure with the surname Lora was Pedro de Lora, a Spanish explorer and navigator who accompanied Christopher Columbus on his second voyage to ...
[16]
LORA Last Name Statistics by MyNameStats.com
The race and Hispanic origin distribution of the people with the name LORA is 11.8% White, 84.2% Hispanic origin, 2.0% Black, 1.0% Asian or Pacific Islander.
[17]
Lora Surname Meaning & Lora Family History at Ancestry.com®
The Lora family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. The most Lora families were found in USA in 1920. In 1840 there ...<|separator|>
[18]
Lora Last Name — Surname Origins & Meanings - MyHeritage
Famous and notable people throughout history with the last name Lora. Carmelo de Diego LoraJudge, Canon Law Jurist, Priest.
[19]
Lora History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms - HouseOfNames
Etymology of Lora Local names originally denoted the proprietorship of the village or estate. The Lora family originally lived in the French province of ...Lora History · Etymology · Early Origins · Early History
[20]
Lora del Río | Seville Province - Andalucia.com
Lora del Río offers views of both the Sierra and of the flatter countryside. It has about 19, 100 inhabitants.
[21]
Localities in Lora de Estepa (Seville Province, Spain) - Population ...
Lora de Estepa, Municipality ; Lora de Estepa. 891 Population [2023] – Estimate.
[22]
Lora Map - Hamlet - Licantén, Chile
Lora is a town on the Mataquito River, in the Licantén commune of the Curicó Province, Maule Region, in Chile. It was named for the tribe of Promaucaes that ...
[23]
City/Tehsil Local Governments · Local Govt.
... Tehsil Local Government, Oghi. District Abbottabad. City Local Government, Abbottabad; Tehsil Local Government, Havelian; Tehsil Local Government, Lora; Tehsil ...
[24]
Lora Village | Map of Lora Village in Dandai Tehsil, Garhwa of ...
*Lora Google map shows the location of Lora village under Dandai, Garhwa of Jharkhand state using Google Maps data. List of Villages in Dandai, ...
[25]
How many places are named Lora?
There are 13 places in the world named Lora! ... Lora can be found in 9 countries throughout the world. In some countries the place can be found more than once.
[26]
Lora Map - Harbor - Split-Dalmatia, Croatia
Lora is a harbor in the northwestern part of Split, Croatia, in the Bay of Kaštela. It is currently used as a naval base of the Croatian Navy.
[27]
Ports and small yacht harbours | Croatia Charter
... bay marked by the following points: the root of the N breakwater of Lora harbour Silo shoal Galija rock Skoljic islet Rat point. Mooring in the small ...
[28]
Dalmatian Coastline near Split, Croatia - NASA Earth Observatory
May 3, 2009 · A unique combination of features—including dramatic topography that channels local winds, the complicated coastline, input of fresh water from ...
[29]
[PDF] ADRIATIC SEA Description of the ecology and identification of the ...
Feb 18, 2011 · ... lora a nd fauna and their na tural habi tats. The. EMERALD Network works under the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and ...
[30]
[PDF] LoRa Device Developer Guide - Mouser Electronics
Based on the LoRa radio modulation technology, invented in 2010 by the French startup Cycleo and then acquired in 2012 by Semtech (a semiconductor company), a ...
[31]
[PDF] LoRa® and LoRaWAN® - Semtech
... i.e., the wireless modulation used to create the long-range communication link. LoRaWAN is an open networking protocol that delivers secure bi-directional.
[32]
[PDF] AN1200.22 LoRa™ Modulation Basics - Frugal Prototype
Semtech's LoRa modulation addresses all of the issues associated with DSSS systems to provide a low- cost, low-power, yet above all robust alternative to the ...<|separator|>
[33]
LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models - arXiv
Jun 17, 2021 · We propose Low-Rank Adaptation, or LoRA, which freezes the pre-trained model weights and injects trainable rank decomposition matrices into each layer of the ...
[34]
LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models - GitHub
This repo contains the source code of the Python package loralib and several examples of how to integrate it with PyTorch models, such as those in Hugging Face.Issues 78 · Pull requests 32 · Security · Activity
[35]
What is LoRA (Low-Rank Adaption)? - IBM
LoRA is a technique used to adapt machine learning models to new contexts. It can adapt large models to specific uses by adding lightweight pieces to the ...What is LoRA? · What does LoRA do?
[36]
Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models with LoRA and QLoRA
Jun 11, 2025 · A: LoRA reduces parameter overhead, supports efficient task-switching, and maintains inference latency, making it a practical solution for ...How Lora Works? · Advantages Of Lora · Frequently Asked Questions
[37]
What is LoRA? | Low-rank adaptation - Cloudflare
Low-rank adaptation, or LoRA, is a less expensive, more efficient method for adapting large machine learning models to specific uses. Learn how LoRA works.What Does Lora Do? · How Does Low-Rank Adaptation... · Faqs
[38]
[D] An ELI5 explanation for LoRA - Low-Rank Adaptation. - Reddit
May 20, 2023 · I have seen the LoRA technique (Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models) as a popular method for fine-tuning LLMs and other models.Understanding Low-Rank Adaptation (LRA/LorA) for Large Models[P] Practical Tips for Finetuning LLMs Using LoRA (Low-Rank ...More results from www.reddit.com
[39]
Mastering Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA): Enhancing Large ...
Jan 16, 2024 · LoRA is a technique for fine-tuning large models using lower-rank matrices, adding small, changeable parts to each layer, making training ...
[40]
Lora - Google Fonts
Lora is a well-balanced contemporary serif with roots in calligraphy. It is a text typeface with moderate contrast well suited for body text.
[41]
cyrealtype/Lora-Cyrillic: Lora fonts — serif family for text ... - GitHub
Designed by Olga Karpushina, and Alexei Vanyashin for Cyreal. Released in 2011 with contributions and assistance from Gayaneh Bagdasaryan. Lora is a Unicode ...
[42]
Complete Guide to Lora - Beautiful Web Type
Lora is a contemporary serif with a moderate contrast, well-suited to body text. It takes inspiration from calligraphic forms, but has a pleasing contrast with ...
[43]
Lora Font Combinations & Similar Fonts - Typewolf
Lora is a free, open-source serif typeface available from Google Fonts. The italics of Lora have a very calligraphic-feel to them and they look great rendered ...
[44]
Cyreal Libre Fonts - Cyreal open-source fonts
Cyreal is a libre type foundry specializing in Latin and Cyrillic scripts, actively contributing to the open-source movement. Cyreal has designed Cyrillic ...Lora - Variable · Prata · Alice - Regular · Adamina
[45]
Lora - Adobe Fonts
Lora is available via an open source license. You're free to use it with your Adobe Fonts account just as you would any other font in the Adobe Fonts library.
[46]
Yellow-shouldered Amazon Amazona Barbadensis Species Factsheet
The Yellow-shouldered Amazon is a Near Threatened parrot with a decreasing population of 2,500-9,999, found in isolated populations in Venezuela and islands. ...
[47]
Phylogeny of Amazona barbadensis and the Yellow-Headed ...
May 13, 2014 · The Yellow-shouldered Amazon (Amazona barbadensis) is the sole parrot of the genus Amazona that inhabits only dry forests.
[48]
Yellow-shouldered amazon - Facts, Diet, Habitat & Pictures on ...
The yellow-shouldered amazon is mainly green and about 33 cm long (~13 inches). It has a whitish forehead and lores, and a yellow crown, ocular region and - ...
[49]
Yellow-shouldered Parrot: Species in World Land Trust reserves
They are highly sociable birds and roost communally in tall trees, with as many as 700 birds together. They have a curious, inquisitive and playful nature.
[50]
Successful Reintroduction of Captive‐Raised Yellow‐Shouldered ...
Jul 7, 2008 · The Yellow-shouldered Amazon (Amazona barbadensis) is one of the most endangered species of parrots in Venezuela. An integrated conservation ...
[51]
[PDF] shouldered Amazon (Amazona barbadensis) across its range in the ...
Nov 11, 2024 · Conservation efforts for the yellow-shouldered Amazon include nest protection, predator control, and community education. A goal is to have ...<|separator|>
[52]
The First Yellow-Shouldered Amazon Take Free Flight Into Aruba's ...
Jan 11, 2024 · The Lora played a distinctive ecological function for the island, particularly in seed dispersal which contributed to the proliferation of ...
[53]
https://animalia.bio/parrot-snake
[54]
[PDF] 2018-toxicon-leptophis-venom.pdf - University of Northern Colorado
Leptophis ahaetulla marginatus, the Southern Green Parrot Snake, is a rear-fanged neotropical snake that occurs from south- eastern Bolivia to western and ...
[55]
(PDF) Leptophis ahaetulla marginatus: Parrot snake reproduction data
Aug 6, 2025 · These snakes are oviparous and few aspects on their reproductive biology have been reported, including eggs and clutch size (Albuquerque, 2008; ...<|control11|><|separator|>