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MM

Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962) was an American actress and model who achieved stardom in Hollywood during the 1950s through a series of commercially successful comedic and dramatic roles that established her as a leading sex symbol of the era.^[1]^[2]^[3] After beginning her professional life as a factory worker and pin-up model during World War II, she secured a studio contract with 20th Century Fox in 1946, appearing in small parts before breakout performances in films like Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), How to Marry a Millionaire (1953), The Seven Year Itch (1955), and Some Like It Hot (1959), which collectively drew millions in box office revenue and solidified her appeal through a blend of physical allure, breathy vocal delivery, and on-screen vulnerability.^[4]^[5] Her career trajectory reflected the era's demand for glamorous archetypes, though it was marked by personal struggles including multiple marriages, studio contract disputes, and reliance on barbiturates, culminating in her death from an overdose officially ruled a probable suicide amid ongoing professional ambitions for more serious roles.^[1]^[2] Despite persistent biographical sensationalism in less rigorous accounts, empirical records affirm her output of approximately 30 film appearances and enduring cultural impact as a benchmark for female stardom in mid-century American cinema.^[4]^[3]

Numerical and symbolic uses

Roman numerals and financial notation

In Roman numerals, MM denotes the value 2,000, formed by the additive principle of two instances of M, each representing 1,000.^[6]^[7] This notation adheres to classical rules where values increase from right to left without subtractive combinations for MM specifically, distinguishing it from forms like MCMXCIX for 1999.^[6] MM appears in date representations for years in the 2000s, such as MM for the year 2000 or MMXXV for 2025, following the convention of prefixing the millennium with MM in formal or stylistic contexts like book outlines or historical inscriptions.^[8] This usage preserves the system's historical role in chronology, where larger values like MM facilitate compact enumeration without ambiguity in additive sequencing.^[9] In financial and accounting notation, MM abbreviates one million, derived from the Roman numeral logic of M as 1,000 extended to MM as 1,000 × 1,000, or alternatively from the Latin "mille mille" meaning "thousand thousand."^[10]^[11] This convention enables precise scaling in balance sheets and reports, as in "$10MM" signifying $10,000,000, contrasting with M alone for thousands (e.g., $5M for $5,000) to prevent misinterpretation in quantitative analysis.^[12]^[9] The distinction maintains causal clarity in empirical record-keeping, where conflating M scales could distort computational accuracy in large datasets.^[13]

Units of measurement

The millimeter (symbol: mm) is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), defined as exactly one thousandth of a meter, or 10^{-3} m.^[14] This derived unit supports precise measurements in fields requiring sub-centimeter accuracy, such as mechanical engineering and materials science, where tolerances are often specified to 0.01 mm or finer.^[14] The SI framework, which formalized the millimeter's role, was established by the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960, building on the metre-kilogram-second system to ensure global coherence in metrology.^[15] The metric system's decimal structure, including the millimeter, traces to late 18th-century France, where the National Assembly adopted provisional decimal units in 1793 and definitively legalized the gramme and metre in 1795 based on natural constants like Earth's quadrant.^[16] Early prototypes, such as the 1799 mètre des Archives, enabled consistent subdivision into millimeters for applications like cartography and instrument calibration.^[16] Standardization progressed through international treaties, culminating in the 1889 adoption of platinum-iridium meter bars, later refined to atomic definitions for invariance.^[17] In engineering, millimeters define component dimensions, such as the 16 mm gauge for motion picture film stock, which standardizes sprocket holes at 2.00 mm pitch for compatibility across projectors and cameras.^[18] Scientific instruments like vernier calipers and micrometers routinely employ millimeters for quantifying small displacements, with resolutions down to 0.001 mm in coordinate measuring machines used for quality control in aerospace parts.^[19] Everyday metrology includes rainfall gauges reporting in millimeters (e.g., 25 mm equivalent to 25 liters per square meter) and smartphone screen specifications, like 6.1-inch displays measuring approximately 155 mm diagonally.^[20] While the lowercase "mm" is the prescribed SI symbol to distinguish from uppercase abbreviations like "M" for mega- or molarity, some engineering drawings informally use "MM" for clarity in handwritten notes or legacy schematics.^[21]

Language and writing

Alphabets and letter combinations

In the Latin alphabet, the combination "MM" (uppercase) or "mm" (lowercase) consists of two consecutive instances of M, the 13th letter, which phonetically corresponds to the voiced bilabial nasal /m/. This digraph commonly signals gemination—a lengthened or doubled /m/ sound—in orthographies of languages like English, where it follows short vowels in words such as "summer" (/ˈsʌmər/), "hammer" (/ˈhæmər/), and "grammar" (/ˈɡræmər/) to distinguish pronunciation from single- forms like "sum" or "ham."^[22] ^[23] Orthographic studies confirm that English speakers produce a measurable duration ratio of approximately 1.82:1 for geminated [mm] versus single in mature speech, reflecting historical and phonetic influences on spelling conventions.^[23] In Morse code, an early telegraphy system standardized in 1851, the letter M is encoded as two dashes (--); thus, "MM" transmits as -- -- (four dashes with an inter-character space), employed when spelling sequences with repeated M's in messages or for procedural signals in radio communication.^[24] ^[25] In transliterations from non-Latin scripts, "mm" often denotes geminated /m/ sounds derived from Semitic or other consonantal systems; for example, in Aramaic-influenced orthographies, doubled forms like m@j@mm@riya (meaning "beginning") restore gemination from script ambiguities, where the doubled mem (m) is rendered as "mm" to preserve phonetic length.^[26] Similar conventions appear in romanizations of languages with Cyrillic or Brahmic influences, where sequential /m/ phonemes are doubled in Latin equivalents to indicate duration, as verified in cross-linguistic phonetic corpora.^[27]

Latin phrases and expressions

Mutatis mutandis, a Medieval Latin phrase translating to "with the necessary changes having been made," is commonly abbreviated as m.m. or MM in legal and scholarly texts to signify adjustments in comparisons or applications of principles. The expression derives from the ablative plurals of mutare ("to change") and mutanda ("things to be changed"), with documented usage appearing in 15th- and 16th-century European writings for precise analogical reasoning. Memento mori, meaning "remember that you must die," serves as a philosophical and artistic exhortation to mortality awareness, rooted in ancient Roman practices and elaborated in medieval Christian contexts; its initials MM appear in epigraphic abbreviations on monuments and artifacts emphasizing transience.-(MM).html) In ecclesiastical Latin of medieval and early modern inscriptions, particularly on Catholic reliquaries, MM abbreviates martyres ("martyrs"), denoting holy remains or commemorations of persecuted saints.^[28] Scholarly abbreviations include MM for Magna Moralia, the Latin title of Aristotle's ethical treatise exploring virtues and the good life, distinct from his Nicomachean Ethics in scope and authenticity debates among philologists.^[29] These usages reflect Latin's economy in manuscript production and inscription, where double letters like MM facilitated brevity while preserving semantic clarity in classical, medieval, and Renaissance documents.

Places

Geographical locations

The ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code MM designates Myanmar, a country in Southeast Asia spanning 676,578 square kilometers with a population of approximately 54 million as of 2019 estimates. This code replaced the prior designation BU for Burma following the State Law and Order Restoration Council's official renaming of the country to Myanmar on June 19, 1989, as part of efforts to unify nomenclature under the local term Myanma.^[30]^[31] Myanmar's subdivisions are coded under ISO 3166-2:MM, which prefixes MM to two-digit identifiers for its seven regions (e.g., MM-01 for Yangon Region) and seven states (e.g., MM-11 for Kachin State), plus one union territory (Naypyidaw Union Territory as MM-18); these were formalized reflecting administrative divisions established post-1974 constitution and subsequent reorganizations. The abbreviation MM also denotes Metro Manila, the Philippines' National Capital Region, an urban agglomeration of 16 cities and one municipality covering 619.57 square kilometers around Manila Bay. Established by presidential decree on July 7, 1975, it functions as the country's political, economic, and cultural hub, with vehicle registration plates and common references using MM or NCR-MM distinctions.-(MM).html)

Organizations and entities

Businesses and companies

The Minneapolis-Moline Power Implement Company, commonly abbreviated as MM, was formed in 1929 through the merger of three established agricultural firms: the Minneapolis Threshing Machine Company (founded 1887), the Moline Plow Company (founded 1870), and Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Company (known for Twin City tractors).^[32]^[33] It specialized in manufacturing tractors, combines, and other farm implements, achieving peak production during the mid-20th century with models like the Moline Universal tractor introduced in the 1930s, which featured innovative unicontrol systems for enhanced operator efficiency.^[32] The company operated major facilities in Hopkins and Minneapolis, Minnesota, employing thousands and contributing significantly to U.S. mechanized farming before its acquisition by White Motor Company in 1963, after which production continued under White Farm Equipment until plant closures in the 1970s.^[34]^[35] Macromedia, Inc. (often abbreviated MM) was an American software company founded in 1992 in San Francisco, California, focusing on multimedia and web development tools such as Flash, Director, and Dreamweaver, which became industry standards for digital content creation in the 1990s and early 2000s.^[36] By 2005, Macromedia had grown to over 2,000 employees and annual revenues exceeding $600 million, driven by the rise of internet multimedia, before being acquired by Adobe Systems for $3.4 billion in stock, integrating its technologies into Adobe's creative suite.^[36] The MM Group, headquartered in Finland, operates as a multinational enterprise in consumer packaging, producing cartonboard, folding cartons, kraft papers, and labels with a focus on sustainable materials to reduce food waste and product contamination.^[37] Established as part of broader forestry and paper industries, it maintains production facilities across Europe and Asia, emphasizing circular economy principles with products derived from renewable sources, and reported consolidated net sales of approximately €1.2 billion in recent fiscal years.^[38]

Teams and other groups

Moderation Management (MM) is a peer-led nonprofit organization established in late 1993 by Audrey Kishline to support non-alcohol-dependent individuals in moderating their drinking through self-help strategies, as an alternative to abstinence-focused programs like Alcoholics Anonymous.^[39]^[40] The group promotes structured guidelines, including initial abstinence for one month followed by limits of up to four drinks per day for men and three for women on drinking days, alongside tracking consumption and addressing triggers.^[41] It operates via online resources, virtual meetings, and local support networks run by volunteers who have achieved moderation goals.^[42] While MM has drawn interest for its harm-reduction approach, evidenced by randomized trials showing short-term reductions in drinking among participants, it faced scrutiny after Kishline's 2000 DUI arrest and shift to abstinence advocacy, highlighting risks for some users.^[43]^[44] No major professional or collegiate sports teams prominently use the abbreviation MM, though minor or amateur groups in travel leagues occasionally incorporate it in designations like "Blast 13u MM."

Titles, degrees, and honors

Academic degrees

The Master of Music (MM) is a professional graduate degree emphasizing advanced training in musical performance, composition, conducting, education, or theory, typically requiring 30 to 36 semester credit hours over one to two years following a bachelor's degree in music or equivalent. Admission often involves auditions, portfolios, or diagnostic exams in music theory and history, with programs accredited by bodies such as the National Association of Schools of Music.^[45]^[46] Institutions like the University of Maryland offer the MM for focused study in these areas, culminating in recitals, theses, or comprehensive exams.^[45] Boston University's MM in Performance targets highly advanced instrumentalists and vocalists through intensive applied studies and ensembles.^[47] The Master of Management (MM) provides foundational business education for recent undergraduates, particularly those without prior business coursework, spanning 9 to 12 months and covering topics like organizational behavior, leadership, and strategic management. Programs typically require 30 to 45 credit hours, with admission based on undergraduate GPA, essays, and sometimes GMAT scores, and are offered by AACSB-accredited schools.^[48]^[49] The University of British Columbia's nine-month MM builds essential skills for entry-level management roles through core courses and experiential projects.^[49] Michigan Ross's 10-month program, ranked highly among U.S. options, emphasizes analytics and career preparation for non-business graduates.^[48] Other less common MM designations include specialized variants like Master of Mathematics (MMath) in certain institutions, but these are typically distinguished by full naming to avoid overlap with the primary music and management degrees.^[50] Degree conferral follows regional accreditation standards, ensuring portability and recognition across U.S. and Canadian higher education systems.^[51]

Honorifics and titles

The Military Medal (MM) is a British military decoration instituted by King George V via Royal Warrant on 25 March 1916 for award to warrant officers, non-commissioned officers, and other ranks of the Army—and later extended to other services and Commonwealth forces—for individual or associated acts of gallantry in the field against the enemy.^[52]^[53] The medal ranked below the Distinguished Conduct Medal and was the enlisted equivalent to the officer-only Military Cross until 1993. Over 130,000 MMs were awarded during World War I alone, primarily for battlefield bravery such as during the Somme offensive in 1916, with recipients entitled to append the post-nominal letters MM after their names.^[54] The award's criteria emphasized "bravery in the field," excluding administrative or non-combat acts, and bars denoted subsequent awards, as seen in cases like Sergeant William Cotter, who received the MM with two bars for actions in 1916–1918. The MM continued in use through World War II and later conflicts, such as the Korean War, where it recognized actions like those of Corporal Edward Loud, awarded in 1951 for repelling enemy assaults in adverse conditions.^[55] Discontinued in 1993 amid reforms to unify gallantry awards across ranks, it was superseded by the Military Cross, which extended eligibility to all personnel irrespective of commissioned status, reflecting a shift toward rank-agnostic recognition in the British honors system.^[55] Post-nominal usage persists among recipients and veterans, signifying conferred status grounded in verified combat valor as documented in official citations published in The London Gazette. In French formal correspondence, MM. serves as the standard abbreviation for Messieurs, a plural honorific equivalent to "Messrs." in English, preceding the surnames of multiple gentlemen, as in "MM. Dupont et Martin" for business or official addresses.^[56] This usage, rooted in 17th-century epistolary conventions, denotes respectful plural address without implying nobility or ecclesiastical rank, differing from singular Monsieur (M.).^[56]

Transportation

Vehicles and models

The Morris Minor Series MM was the inaugural production variant of the Morris Minor compact family car, introduced by the Morris Motor Company in October 1948 and manufactured until 1953.^[57] Designed by engineer Alec Issigonis, it pioneered a unitary monocoque body construction in British automotive production, enhancing structural rigidity while reducing weight compared to traditional ladder-frame designs.^[58] This four-passenger model targeted post-war economical transportation needs, with a wheelbase of 79 inches (2,000 mm) and overall length of 152 inches (3,861 mm).^[59] Equipped with a 918 cc sidevalve inline-four engine delivering 27 horsepower at 4,800 rpm and 40 lb-ft of torque, the Series MM achieved a top speed of approximately 65 mph (105 km/h) and fuel efficiency around 40 mpg (7.1 L/100 km) under optimal conditions.^[60] Power was transmitted via a three-speed manual gearbox with synchromesh on second and third gears, driving the rear wheels through a live axle suspension with semi-elliptic leaf springs front and rear.^[59] Braking relied on mechanical drum systems at all four wheels, with cable-operated controls. Body styles encompassed two-door and four-door saloons, joined in 1950 by a drophead coupé convertible featuring a folding fabric roof.^[57] Approximately 250,000 units of the Series MM were produced before transition to the overhead-valve Series II in 1952, contributing to the Morris Minor's overall tally exceeding 1.6 million vehicles by 1971.^[60] Its compact dimensions, reliable mechanics, and affordability—priced at around £375 for the saloon upon launch—fostered enduring popularity in the UK market, where it became a staple for urban and rural driving.^[59] The design emphasized simplicity and cost-effectiveness, with pressed-steel panels and minimal chrome trim, though later examples incorporated minor refinements like improved heater systems. In Soviet automotive history, the GAZ-MM represented an upgraded light truck model derived from the GAZ-AA, produced by GAZ from 1938 to around 1947 with over 150,000 units built.^[61] It featured a 3,285 cc inline-four engine yielding 50 horsepower, suited for military logistics including anti-aircraft mountings during World War II, with a payload capacity of 1.5 tons and four-wheel leaf-spring suspension.^[61] Unlike passenger-focused designs, the GAZ-MM prioritized durability over refinement, with open-cab variants common for utilitarian roles. No prominent aircraft models bear the MM designation in verified manufacturer records, though scale replicas occasionally reference metric dimensions in millimeters.^[62]

Routes and services

MM designates the IATA airline designator for Peach Aviation, a low-cost carrier based at Kansai International Airport in Osaka, Japan, which began commercial flight operations on March 1, 2012, following its establishment in 2011 as the country's inaugural budget airline.^[63]^[64] Initial services focused on domestic point-to-point routes, launching with daily flights from Osaka Kansai to Sapporo New Chitose and Fukuoka using three Airbus A320-200 aircraft.^[64] By 2022, the airline had expanded to over 160 daily flights, transporting more than 60 million passengers cumulatively while maintaining a hub-and-spoke model supplemented by secondary bases at airports like Tokyo Narita and Nagoya Chubu.^[65] Peach Aviation's route network as of October 2025 comprises 13 domestic destinations, including high-frequency services between Osaka Kansai and key cities such as Tokyo Narita (up to 20 daily flights), Sapporo New Chitose, Sendai, Fukuoka, and Okinawa Naha, emphasizing short-haul efficiency with turnaround times under one hour to maximize aircraft utilization.^[66]^[67] International operations, introduced progressively since 2014, connect to eight destinations in seven countries, featuring routes like Osaka Kansai to Seoul Incheon (daily), Singapore (newly launched in 2025), Hong Kong, and Kaohsiung, alongside expansions such as Nagoya Chubu to Seoul Gimpo starting April 10, 2025, and increased frequencies to Taiwan Taoyuan from October 27, 2025.^[66]^[67]^[68] The winter schedule, effective from October 26, 2025, to March 28, 2026, sustains this network with seasonal adjustments for demand, supported by a fleet of 36 Airbus A320 and A321 aircraft configured for 180-200 passengers in a single economy class.^[69]^[70]

Arts, entertainment, and media

Music

Mm..Food is a studio album by British-American rapper and producer MF Doom, released on November 16, 2004, by Rhymesayers Entertainment.^[71] The project, consisting of 15 tracks blending conscious hip-hop, jazzy elements, and boom bap production, received critical acclaim for its thematic focus on food metaphors and intricate wordplay, with standout singles like "Rapp Snitch Knishes" featuring BJRK.^[72] It marked Doom's fifth solo album under the MF Doom moniker and has been reissued multiple times, including a 20th anniversary edition in 2024.^[73] "MM" refers to an upcoming music project by Indian rapper King (Arora), announced in May 2024 as a follow-up to his 2023 album New Life.^[74] Singles from the project include "GOAT SHIT" featuring Karma, released May 30, 2024, and "KODAK" with Seedhe Maut on July 5, 2024, emphasizing competitive rap energy and quirky production.^[75] ^[76] The full album's release date remains unconfirmed as of late 2024, with promotional teasers highlighting King's assertive style.^[77] M.M. Band was a music group active in the late 20th century, known for recordings cataloged in music databases, though specific album details and commercial impact are limited in available discographies.^[78] Similarly, MM denotes a UK-based electronic artist in genres like UK bass and deconstructed club, with releases such as the MM EP and Damsel in Distress, available on platforms like Rate Your Music.^[79] These lesser-known entities contrast with mainstream hip-hop uses, lacking comparable chart performance or cultural footprint.

Television

MM! is a Japanese anime television series adapted from the light novel series written by Akinari Matsuno and illustrated by QP:flapper. Produced by the animation studio Xebec under director Tsuyoshi Nagasawa, it consists of 12 episodes and aired from October 2, 2010, to December 18, 2010.^[80] The series premiered on AT-X, with subsequent broadcasts on Tokyo MX starting October 6, 2010, Television Kanagawa on October 4, Chiba TV and Television Saitama on October 3, and Aichi Television and Sun TV on October 5.^[80] A special preview screening occurred on September 26, 2010.^[80] The narrative centers on Taro Sado, a high school student who recognizes his extreme masochistic tendencies and seeks to conceal them from his crush by joining the "2nd Volunteer Club," led by Mio Isurugi, which employs unconventional methods to address his condition.^[80] Classified as a romantic comedy with elements of drama and harem tropes, the series explores themes of personal quirks and interpersonal dynamics through exaggerated scenarios.^[80] Reception metrics include a weighted average score of 7.146 out of 10 from 789 user ratings on Anime News Network, where it ranks #3105 overall among anime titles.^[80] On IMDb, it holds a 6.6 out of 10 rating based on 288 user votes.^[81] Viewer data indicates it has been watched by approximately 1,448 users on Anime News Network, ranking #860 in viewership.^[80] No major international broadcast data or Nielsen-equivalent ratings for Japanese anime viewership are publicly detailed, reflecting the niche distribution typical of the medium during that period.^[80]

Other media

MM! is a Japanese light novel series authored by Akinari Matsuno and illustrated by the artist duo QP:flapper (comprising Tometa Ohara and Koharu Sakura), serialized under Media Factory's MF Bunko J imprint.^[82] The series, which explores themes of masochism and personal growth through the protagonist Sado Tarou's struggles with his condition, spanned 12 volumes released between February 23, 2007, and September 24, 2010.^[82] It originated as a print work prior to adaptations in other formats, establishing its core narrative in literary form.^[83] No major films or standalone video games titled simply "MM" have achieved notable prominence outside genre-specific contexts like male/male romance literature, which typically uses "M/M" as a subgenre descriptor rather than a direct title.^[84] Cross-media franchises bearing "MM" initials remain limited to niche publications without widespread verifiable impact in print or interactive media beyond the aforementioned series.^[85]

Science, technology, and mathematics

Computing and technology

In computing, MM primarily refers to memory management, the operating system process of dynamically allocating portions of physical memory to programs and reclaiming them upon completion to enable efficient multitasking and prevent resource exhaustion.^[86] This involves techniques such as paging, where memory is divided into fixed-size blocks, and segmentation, which allocates variable-sized blocks based on program structure, to support virtual memory and isolate processes.^[87] Early memory management concepts emerged in the 1950s to address limitations in single-program systems, evolving with multiprogramming to allow multiple processes to share memory without interference.^[88] The foundational advancement in MM occurred with the development of virtual memory on the Atlas computer at the University of Manchester, operational from 1962, which introduced demand paging to overlay programs larger than physical memory by swapping pages to secondary storage.^[89] Subsequent systems like Multics in the 1960s refined these ideas, influencing Unix and modern OS kernels.^[90] Hardware support for MM is provided by the Memory Management Unit (MMU), an integrated circuit in CPUs that performs address translation from virtual to physical space using page tables, enforcing protection and enabling features like copy-on-write.^[91] MMUs first appeared in mainframes of the 1960s and became standard in microprocessors by the 1970s, with designs like those in the PDP-11 supporting paged virtual memory.^[92] In file formats and protocols, the .mm extension denotes XML-based files used by mind mapping software to store hierarchical structures of nodes, branches, and attributes representing conceptual mappings for brainstorming and knowledge organization.^[93] FreeMind, an open-source Java application first released in 2004, employs .mm files as its native format, compatible with tools like Freeplane and XMind for interoperability in outlining tasks.^[94] Separately, .mm serves as the conventional extension for Objective-C++ source files in Apple's development ecosystem, introduced in the 1990s with NeXTSTEP, allowing compilation of code mixing C++ classes with Objective-C messaging.^[95] These formats adhere to no universal standard but follow XML schemas or compiler conventions for parsing in respective software stacks.

Medicine and biology

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy involving the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to bone lesions, anemia, renal impairment, and hypercalcemia. The disease accounts for approximately 1-2% of all cancers and 10-15% of hematologic malignancies. In the United States, the age-adjusted incidence rate is about 7.0 per 100,000 persons annually, reflecting a 143% increase from 4.9 per 100,000 in 1975, with higher rates observed in older populations and certain ethnic groups such as African Americans. Diagnosis typically involves serum protein electrophoresis detecting monoclonal proteins, bone marrow biopsy showing plasma cell infiltration exceeding 10%, and imaging for lytic lesions, per International Myeloma Working Group criteria aligned with WHO classifications.^[96] Etiologically, MM arises from genetic mutations in plasma cells, including translocations like t(11;14) and hyperdiploidy, often preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), with progression risk of 1% per year. Treatment has evolved from supportive care; alkylating agents like melphalan combined with corticosteroids were introduced in the 1960s, marking the first consistent responses with median survival extending from months to years. Modern regimens incorporate proteasome inhibitors (e.g., bortezomib), immunomodulatory drugs (e.g., lenalidomide), and autologous stem cell transplantation for eligible patients, achieving complete response rates up to 50% in newly diagnosed cases, though relapse remains common due to clonal heterogeneity.^[97]^[98] Malignant melanoma (MM), also known as cutaneous melanoma, is an aggressive skin cancer originating from melanocytes, responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths despite comprising only 1% of cases. The age-adjusted incidence in the United States is 21.9 new cases per 100,000 persons annually, with rising trends attributed to increased UV exposure patterns. Causal links to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are established through epidemiological data showing dose-dependent risk from intermittent intense exposures, such as sunburns, particularly in fair-skinned individuals with low melanin protection; chronic occupational exposure correlates less strongly but contributes via cumulative DNA damage from UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and UVA oxidative stress.^[99]^[100]^[101] Survival outcomes vary by stage at diagnosis: the 5-year relative survival rate exceeds 99% for localized disease (stage I-II), drops to 68% for regional metastasis (stage III), and is about 30% for distant metastasis (stage IV), per Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data; immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has improved long-term survival in advanced cases, with some achieving durable remissions. Early detection via biopsy of asymmetric, irregular lesions guides Breslow depth staging, informing prognosis and surgical excision as primary intervention, corroborated by American Joint Committee on Cancer guidelines.^[102] Other biomedical uses of MM include meningomyelocele, a neural tube defect involving incomplete spinal cord closure, classified under WHO congenital anomaly codes with incidence of 0.5-1 per 1,000 births in untreated folic acid deficiency contexts, though prenatal screening has reduced rates. In maternal health metrics, MM denotes the maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births, a WHO-standardized indicator tracking obstetric deaths from hemorrhage, infection, or hypertensive disorders, globally averaging 211 in 2017 with disparities in low-resource settings. These abbreviations emphasize diagnostic precision in pathology and public health surveillance.^[103]^[104]

Other scientific uses

In physical chemistry and theoretical physics, MM denotes molecular mechanics, a computational modeling approach that applies classical Newtonian mechanics to simulate the structures, energies, and dynamics of molecular systems. This method represents molecules as collections of atoms connected by bonds, using empirical force fields to calculate potential energy through terms for bond stretching, angle bending, torsional rotations, and non-bonded interactions like van der Waals forces and electrostatics. Unlike quantum mechanical methods, MM neglects electron behavior, enabling faster simulations of large systems such as proteins or materials, though it relies on parameterized force fields calibrated against experimental or quantum data. The approach originated in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with foundational work including the Consistent Force Field method by Allinger in 1970 and subsequent developments like the AMBER and CHARMM force fields in the 1970s and 1980s, which have been refined for accuracy in predicting conformational energies and vibrational spectra.^[105] MM is integral to hybrid QM/MM techniques, where quantum mechanics handles reactive regions (e.g., chemical bonds breaking) and MM covers the surrounding environment, facilitating studies of enzyme catalysis and photochemical reactions with reduced computational cost compared to full quantum treatments. Limitations include its classical approximation, which fails for quantum effects like zero-point energy or barrier tunneling, and sensitivity to force field parameters, necessitating validation against empirical data for reliable predictions in areas like drug design or nanotechnology. Peer-reviewed benchmarks, such as those comparing MM to ab initio calculations, show errors typically under 5 kcal/mol for organic molecule energies when using modern force fields like OPLS or MMFF94.^[106] In statistics and mathematics, MM stands for the method of moments, an estimation technique that matches population moments (e.g., mean, variance) to corresponding sample moments to solve for unknown parameters. For a distribution with parameters θ, the k-th theoretical moment μ_k(θ) = E[X^k] is set equal to the sample moment m_k = (1/n) Σ x_i^k, yielding equations solved for θ; for example, in a normal distribution, equating first two moments gives estimators for mean and variance identical to sample statistics. Introduced by Karl Pearson in 1894 for fitting distributions like the Pearson system, MM is computationally simple and consistent under regularity conditions but can produce inefficient or biased estimators compared to maximum likelihood, especially for skewed distributions or small samples.^[107]^[108] Extensions like generalized method of moments (GMM) relax exact matching by minimizing a quadratic form of moment residuals, improving efficiency with overidentified conditions, as in instrumental variable estimation for econometric models. Applications include parameter recovery in time series or regression models, where MM provides closed-form solutions; for instance, in exponential distributions, the first moment yields the rate estimator λ̂ = 1/̄x. While less asymptotically efficient than MLE, MM's robustness to certain misspecifications makes it valuable in empirical fields like physics data analysis, with software implementations confirming its utility in large datasets.^[109]

References

[1]
Marilyn Monroe is found dead | August 5, 1962 - History.com
Marilyn Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson in Los Angeles on June 1, 1926. Her mother was emotionally unstable and frequently confined to an asylum, so Norma ...
[2]
Marilyn Monroe: Biography, Actor
Aug 13, 2020 · Quick Facts ; FULL NAME · Norma Jeane Baker ; BORN · June 1, 1926 ; DIED · August 5, 1962 ; BIRTHPLACE · Los Angeles, California ; SPOUSES · ...
[3]
Marilyn Monroe - Hollywood Walk of Fame
Monroe was born in the Los Angeles County Hospital on June 1, 1926, as Norma Jeane Mortenson, the third child born to Gladys Pearl Baker, née Monroe.
[4]
Marilyn Monroe(1926-1962) - IMDb
She was born Norma Jeane Mortenson at the Los Angeles County Hospital on June 1, 1926. Her mother, Gladys Pearl (Monroe), was born in Piedras Negras, Coahuila, ...Biography · Gentlemen Prefer Blondes · The Misfits · The Seven Year Itch
[5]
Marilyn Monroe's life and career timeline | American Masters - PBS
Jul 19, 2006 · Becomes the first PLAYBOY centerfold. 1953. 1954. Marries Joe DiMaggio. Performs for troops in Korea. Ballerina sitting with Milton Greene.Missing: empirical | Show results with:empirical
[6]
MM Roman Numerals | How to Write MM in Numbers? - Cuemath
MM Roman Numerals can be written as numbers by combining the transformed roman numerals ie MM = M + M = 1000 + 1000 = 2000.
[7]
MM Roman Numerals - BYJU'S
Why should 2000 be written as MM in Roman Numerals? We know that. M is the roman numeral of 1000. So MM is the roman numeral of 2000.<|separator|>
[8]
Roman Numeral Converter - Calculator.net
Mar 4, 2025 · For example, when using the YYYY/MM/DD format, the date March 4th, 2025, is written as MMXXV/III/IV.<|separator|>
[9]
Abbreviations - The Chicago Manual of Style
Likewise, MMM in roman numerals means three thousand, not a thousand times a thousand times a thousand, or one billion. (For an overview of roman numerals, see ...
[10]
What does M and MM stand for? - Accounting Coach
Definition of MM. The Roman numerals MM are used to indicate one million. Example of MM. Sales of $3,000,000 might be written as $3MM. I have seen one million ...
[11]
Does "MM" usually stand for "million"? In German we have ...
Sep 15, 2025 · To represent one million in finance, the abbreviation “MM” is widely used. This notation originates from “mille mille,” meaning “thousand ...
[12]
MM (Millions) - Definition, Examples, What MM Means
MM (or lowercase “mm”) commonly denotes that the units of figures presented are in millions. The Roman numeral M denotes thousands.
[13]
What Does M And MM Mean In Accounting?
Roman numeral MM is frequently used to designate that the units used in presenting information (financial and non-financial) in millions.
[14]
SI Units | NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology
Apr 12, 2010 · SI units, also known as the metric system, are the international standard for measurement. The seven base units are: meter, second, mole, ...
[15]
The SI - BIPM
Prior to the historic vote by the BIPM's Member States on 16 November 2018 to revise the SI, the SI was defined in terms of seven base units and derived units ...Missing: millimeter | Show results with:millimeter
[16]
[PDF] A Brief History of the Development of the SI Units
The SI units began with the metric system in 1799, Gauss's promotion in 1832, and the CGS system in 1874, with further development in electricity and magnetism.
[17]
History of the SI - IEC
One of its first achievements, in 1863, was the adoption of the system based on three base units: metre, gram and second. When in 1874 the centimetre replaced ...Missing: millimeter | Show results with:millimeter
[18]
[PDF] Millimeter Wave Propagation: Spectrum Management Implications
Such wide bandwidths are valuable in supporting applications such as high speed data transmission and video distribution. Planning for millimeter wave spectrum ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[19]
Basics of Millimeter Wave Technology - Technical Articles
Oct 24, 2021 · Applications of Millimeter Wave Technology · Radar · Telecommunications · Security Scanners · Other Applications of Millimeter Waves.
[20]
Metric System | CK-12 Foundation
The millimeter is the smallest commonly used unit in the metric system. The abbreviation for millimeters is mm (for example, 3 mm). A millimeter would be ...Metric System · Examples · Example 1<|separator|>
[21]
https://boxesgen.com/whats-the-difference-between-m-mm-ml-mil/
[22]
An Investigation of Language-Specific and Orthographic Effects in ...
Aug 30, 2024 · (2021) tested the production of the digraph <mm> in the word <summer> ... Moreover, digraphs are also read as geminates. The results ...
[23]
[PDF] Gemination in English - Sci-Hub
Apr 4, 2005 · The results (see Table 2) are clearly indicative of a gemination of 1.82 to 1 ratio of geminated. [mm] to nongeminated [m] in mature. The.
[24]
Morse Code Translator
Just type letters, numbers and punctuation into the top box and the Morse code will appear in the bottom box with a "#" if the character cannot be translated.Morse Code Message · Morse Machine · International Morse · American MorseMissing: MM | Show results with:MM
[25]
Morse Code Translator - DNS Checker
The tool translates text to Morse code and vice versa. Enter text on the left, Morse code on the right. It works in real-time.
[26]
[PDF] The Orthography, Morphology and Syntax of Semitic Languages
in gemination means that gemination can usually be restored from the orthography, ... or another, for example, m@j@mm@riya “first”, lit. “beginning (n.)”; b ...
[27]
Sounds (phonemes) made by the letter combination mm
The alphabet letter combination mm makes 1 sound. The video says the word; then breaks it down into the individual phonemes, highlighting the letters that make ...
[28]
How to Read Inscriptions in Antique Catholic Reliquaries
... MM - Martyrs; Mater - Mother; Med. - doctor; Miles (Mil., M.) - soldier; Monachi - monk; Pueri - Child; Poen. - Penitent; Presb. - Priest; Prophetiae - Prophet ...
[29]
Abbreviations of Aristotle's Works - Oxford Academic
History of Animals (HA). •. Magna Moralia (MM) [Great Ethics]. • ... Where Latin titles are generally preferred, English equivalents are given in square brackets.
[30]
MM - Myanmar - ISO
MM is the ISO alpha-2 code for Myanmar, formerly Burma, with the full name 'the Republic of the Union of Myanmar'. Its numeric code is 104.
[31]
Glossary for ISO 3166
Country codes (ISO 3166-1 and ISO 3166-3) · A country might change a significant part of its name, for example Burma (BU) was changed to Myanmar (MM) in 1989. · A ...
[32]
Minneapolis Moline - Great American Tractors
The Minneapolis Moline Power Implement Company came about in 1929 with the merger of three companies, each with its own history and range of products.
[33]
Minneapolis-Moline Company History - Old Iron Garage
Sep 21, 2022 · Minneapolis-Moline began in 1929 with the merger of three companies; Moline Plow Company, Minneapolis Threshing Machine Company, and the Minneapolis Steel & ...
[34]
21. MTM / Minneapolis Moline | Think Hopkins, MN
Minneapolis Threshing Machine Co. built their farm equipment factory on this ideal site near three railroads in 1887. They soon became the largest employer ...
[35]
MINNEAPOLIS MOLINE - St Louis Park Historical Society
In 1973, Minneapolis Moline was purchased through a hostile takeover by White Westinghouse. They closed the huge plant in Minneapolis, reneging on pensions of ...<|separator|>
[36]
MM - Business & Finance - Acronym Finder
MM · Macromedia, Inc. (software company) ; MM, Melawati Mall (Malaysia) ; MM, Millennial Media (mobile advertising) ; MM, Music & Media LLC (New York, NY).
[37]
Company - MM Group
MM Group is a global leader in consumer packaging, enabling people to live a better life on a better planet. We can minimise food waste. And safeguard products.
[38]
MM Group: Homepage
MM is a global leader in consumer packaging, offering cartonboard, folding cartons, kraft papers, uncoated fine papers, leaflets and labels.
[39]
Moderation on the March | Psychology Today
Nov 1, 1994 · Moderation Management's beginnings in December 1993 by Aubrey Kishline; Group structure's resemblance of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA); DrinkWise, a ...
[40]
The Sad Story of the Moderation Management Founder | AA Agnostica
Jan 6, 2019 · Her experience with abstinence-based programs was “unsatisfactory.” Kishline started Moderation Management in 1994, and the following year ...
[41]
Moderation Management™ Change Your Relationship with Alcohol
Peer-led nonprofit helping people drink less without judgment. Tools, tips, and support to help you change your relationship with alcohol.
[42]
Who We Are - Moderation Management
MM is run by member volunteers overseen by Advisory Board & Directors who came to the organization to address their own drinking challenges, stayed to help.<|control11|><|separator|>
[43]
Outcomes of a randomized clinical trial with non-dependent problem ...
Abstract · Non-dependent problem drinkers and moderate drinking protocols · Moderation Management (MM) · ModerateDrinking.com (MD) · Method · Footnotes · References.
[44]
Advocate of Moderation for Heavy Drinkers Learns Sobering Lesson
Jul 9, 2000 · Ms. Kishline founded Moderation Management in 1993 and published her book, subtitled "The Moderation Management Guide for People Who Want to ...
[45]
Master of Music - UMD School of Music - University of Maryland
The Master of Music (MM) degree is designed for graduate students who desire focused, professional study in composition, conducting, music education or ...
[46]
Graduate Studies - Manhattan School of Music
About the Master of Music (MM) The Master of Music degree is an advanced two-year full-time course of study for students who have completed an undergraduate ...<|separator|>
[47]
Master of Music (MM) in Performance » Academics | Boston University
The Master of Music in Performance program at Boston University provides training to highly advanced instrumentalists and vocalists.
[48]
Master of Management - Michigan Ross
The Michigan Ross Master of Management is the #2 ranked U.S.-based MM program. ... 10-month intensive degree program for recent non-business college ...
[49]
Master of Management | UBC Sauder School of Business
The nine-month UBC Master of Management (MM) degree is designed to help you build essential business skills and knowledge.Admission requirements · Program journey · Application process · Careers as a MM
[50]
Glossary of Degrees & Honorifics
The following list displays abbreviations of the degrees and diplomas ... MM, Master of Music. MM, Master of Management. MMath, Master of Mathematics.
[51]
Degree Terminology - NIU - Communication Standards
Master of Arts (M.A.); Master of Arts in Teaching (M.A.T.); Master of Business Administration (M.B.A); Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.); Master of Music (M.M.) ...
[52]
How to research an award of the Military Medal (MM)
Oct 9, 2016 · The Military Medal was introduced by a Royal Warrant dated 25 March 1916 which was published in the London Gazette of 5 April 1916.
[53]
https://www.tracesofwar.com/awards/10/Military-Medal-MM.htm
[54]
The Military Medal Collection - The Genealogist
The Military Medal (or MM) was a medal awarded for exceptional bravery. It was awarded to the Other Ranks (N.C.O.'s and Men) and was first instituted in 25 ...
[55]
Military Medal (MM) - The Gazette
Military Medal (MM). MM. Awarded to personnel of the British Army, and formerly also to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, ...
[56]
MM definition in American English - Collins Dictionary
mm · 1. symbol for. 1. millimetre. abbreviation for. 2. mutatis mutandis ; mm · 2. the internet domain name for. Myanmar ; MM · abbreviation for. 1. Military Medal.<|separator|>
[57]
A brief history of the Morris Minor
The original Minor MM series was produced from 1948 until 1953. It included a pair of four-seat saloons, two-door and (from 1950) a four-door, and a convertible ...
[58]
Morris Minor Series MM | Archives | Toyota Automobile Museum
Morris Minor Series MM. Morris Minor Series MM. 1950・U.K.. In storage.. ... Vehicle Description. One of the earliest designs by Alec Issigonis, the Morris ...
[59]
Buyer's guide: Morris Minor MM & Series II | Classic & Sports Car
Apr 26, 2019 · A well-restored Minor is a delight to drive, with astonishingly light controls – especially the clutch and steering. Expect some roll, but cornering should ...
[60]
Morris Minor Review & Buying Guide (1948-1971) - Carwow
Mar 3, 2025 · 1,600,000 Morris Minors were made between 1948 and 1971; The engine lineup was originally a 918cc 'Sidevalve' four-cylinder engine, ...
[61]
Players guide to Anti-Aircraft using the GAZ-MM Truck - YouTube
May 14, 2021 · ... Aircraft Types 22:31 Attacking Vehicles. Players guide to Anti-Aircraft using the GAZ-MM Truck. 20K views · 4 years ago ...more. The Air Combat ...
[62]
MINI-Z | Kyosho America
5.0 13 ... MINI-Z Racer MR-04EVO2 Chassis Set (W-MM/8500KV) w.V2 Gyro 32893G. In stock. $249.99. Add to Wishlist.
[63]
About Peach | Peach Aviation
Peach Aviation, founded in 2011, aims for accessible air travel, with a vision of "a flight full of respect for everyone" and a focus on customer satisfaction.
[64]
[PDF] Peach Celebrates Ten Years in the Skies
Mar 1, 2022 · As the first LCC in Japan, Peach began operating two routes with three aircraft between Osaka (Kansai). – Sapporo (New Chitose) and Fukuoka ...
[65]
About | Peach Aviation - Routes Online
Peach Aviation is a low-cost airline that began operations in March 2012 from Kansai Airport, with 36 aircraft, 160+ daily flights, and 60M+ passengers since ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[66]
Route & Flight Schedules | Peach Aviation
You can check Peach's service routes and Flight schedule. Select your departure location! Tokyo(Narita) Tokyo(Haneda) Osaka(Kansai) Nagoya(Chubu) Sapporo(Shin- ...
[67]
https://www.flightconnections.com/route-map-peach-mm
[68]
Peach Aviation's Strategic Expansion: New Routes and ... - Meyka
Aug 26, 2025 · Peach Aviation is adding new routes from Tokyo Narita to Taiwan Taoyuan and Osaka Kansai to Taiwan Taoyuan starting October 27, 2025, to enhance ...
[69]
2025 Winter Schedule | Peach Aviation
Peach Aviation's winter schedule runs from Oct 26, 2025 to Mar 28, 2026, including domestic routes like Osaka-Sapporo and international routes like Osaka-Seoul.
[70]
Overview | Peach Aviation - Routes Online
Peach began its operations out of its Kansai Airport hub in March 2012. Peach currently operates its fleet of 36 aircraft (A320&A321) and services more than ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[71]
https://www.discogs.com/release/349232-MF-Doom-MMFood
[72]
MM..Food - MF Doom | Album - AllMusic
Rating 8.7/10 (737) MM..Food by MF Doom released in 2004. Find album reviews, track lists, credits, awards and more at AllMusic.
[73]
https://www.discogs.com/master/8478-MF-Doom-MMFood
[74]
King Teases New Album 'MM' Ahead of Cannes Festival 2024 Visit
May 10, 2024 · The news comes as the “Tu Aake Dekhle” hitmaker also preps his next album MM, the follow-up to the hugely successful 2023 album New Life. He ...
[75]
King's 'Goat Shit,' The First Song Off the 'MM' Album, Is Here
May 31, 2024 · King leads his next album MM by showcasing his rap chops on “Goat ... song "Still The Same" release date as June 7th, 2024.
[76]
KODAK | King & ‪@SeedheMaut‬ | MM | Official Music Video - YouTube
Jul 5, 2024 · MM”, his latest collaborative effort features an intricate, yet quirky production work courtesy UKato that aligns with each artist's ...<|separator|>
[77]
GOAT SHIT | King & Karma | MM | Official Music Video - YouTube
May 30, 2024 · KING #Karma #GOATSHIT #MM KING's 'GOAT SHIT' serves as the mood-setting prelude to his highly anticipated project “MM” which has been teased ...
[78]
https://www.discogs.com/artist/448718-MM-Band
[79]
MM Albums: songs, discography, biography, and ... - Rate Your Music
MM discography and songs: Music profile for MM. Genres: UK Bass, Hard Drum, Deconstructed Club. Albums include Damsel in Distress, RA.741, and MM EP.
[80]
MM! (TV) - Anime News Network
Plot Summary: High school student Taro Sado comes to realize that he is an extreme masochist and attempts to conceal this from his crush.
[81]
MM! (TV Series 2010) - IMDb
Rating 6.6/10 (288) MM! is a 2010 anime, dark/romantic comedy about Taro, a masochist, who falls for a girl who is actually his cross-dressing male friend.
[82]
MM! (light novel) - Anime News Network
MM! (light novel) ; Alternative title: えむえむっ！ (Japanese) ; Genres: comedy, romance ; Number of tankoubon: 12 ; Vintage: 2007-02-23 to 2010-09-24 ; Release dates ...
[83]
MM! - Novel Updates
Due to a certain incident, Sado Tarou has awakened to a bothersome constitution where he starts feeling good whenever females does this and that to him.
[84]
Five Authors to Get You Started In M/M Romance - Book Riot
Jun 13, 2016 · There's no category of romances, at least not in my mind, that have benefited more from the digital era than m/m (aka male/male) romances.
[85]
M M Romance Books - Goodreads
Fiction · Romance · M M Paranormal · M M Contemporary · M M M · M M Fantasy · M M Historical Romance · M M Science Fiction · Romancé · M M Romantic Suspense ...Most Read This Week In M M... · M M Romance New Releases · Join Goodreads
[86]
Full Form of MM in Computing - FullForms
What does MM mean? Memory Management (MM) is the process of planning, controlling and coordinating of computer memory use.Missing: acronym technology
[87]
Memory Management in Operating System - GeeksforGeeks
Sep 8, 2025 · Memory management ensures efficient use of computer memory by controlling how memory is allocated and deallocated to processes.Contiguous memory allocation · Requirements of Memory... · Computer Memory
[88]
Introduction to Memory Management
One of the first mechanisms used to protect the operating system, and to protect processes from each other was partitions. Here, we add two hardware registers ...Missing: MM | Show results with:MM
[89]
Milestones:Atlas Computer and the Invention of Virtual Memory ...
"The designers of the Atlas Computer at the University of Manchester invented virtual memory in the 1950s to eliminate a looming programming problem: planning ...
[90]
The IBM History of Memory Management Technology - IEEE Xplore
Data and programs are stored, usually in binary form, in a memory subsystem. On early computers, the memory subsystem was a single main memory.
[91]
Memory management - Computer History Wiki
Jun 8, 2023 · Memory management is the name for the hardware (sometimes called the Memory Management Unit, or MMU) in a CPU which controls which areas in physical main memory
[92]
Memory & Storage | Timeline of Computer History
In 1953, MIT's Whirlwind becomes the first computer to use magnetic core memory. Core memory is made up of tiny “donuts” made of magnetic material strung on ...
[93]
MM File Extension - How to open .mm files - FileInfo.com
Programs that open MM files · FreeMind · Seavus iMindQ · MindGenius · XMind · Freeplane.
[94]
FreeMind
FreeMind is a premier free mind-mapping software written in Java. The recent development has hopefully turned it into high productivity tool.Download · Linux · Alternatives · Documentation
[95]
m and mm file extension dilemma - c++ - Stack Overflow
Aug 4, 2013 · The extension .m means that it is Objective-C and the extension .mm means that it is Objective-C++. So those are different files and you should know what is in ...
[96]
Epidemiology, Staging, and Management of Multiple Myeloma - PMC
Jan 20, 2021 · The current estimated incidence rate, 7.0/100,000, is a 143% increase since 1975, when the incidence was 4.9/100,000 [10]. 2.2. Mortality. In ...
[97]
A historical perspective on milestones in multiple myeloma research
Dec 1, 2017 · Introduction of chemotherapy agent melphalan in 1962 was the first treatment breakthrough. It was the first drug to show consistent response ...Abstract · BENCE JONES PROTEINURIA · WALDENSTROM'S... · TREATMENT
[98]
Multiple myeloma - PMC - NIH
Timeline depicting the history and treatment of multiple myeloma from 1844 to the present. ... Treatment for multiple myeloma: combination chemotherapy ...
[99]
Cancer Stat Facts: Melanoma of the Skin - SEER
Rate of New Cases and Deaths per 100,000: The rate of new cases of melanoma of the skin was 21.9 per 100,000 men and women per year. The death rate was 2.0 per ...
[100]
Melanoma Epidemiology and Sun Exposure - PMC - PubMed Central
According to this hypothesis, people with a low propensity for melanocyte proliferation (small number of common naevi) need a continuous exposure to sunlight in ...
[101]
Sun exposure and risk of melanoma - PMC - PubMed Central
The majority of sunburn studies suggest a positive association between early age sunburn and subsequent risk of melanoma.
[102]
Survival Rates for Melanoma Skin Cancer - American Cancer Society
Jan 16, 2025 · The SEER database tracks 5-year relative survival rates for melanoma skin cancer in the United States, based on how far the cancer has spread.
[103]
Medical Definition of MM - RxList
MM: In medicine, the abbreviation for meningomyelocele (spina bifida), malignant melanoma, and multiple myeloma.
[104]
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)
The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100 000 live births during the same time period.
[105]
[PDF] Molecular Mechanics: Principles, History, and Current Status
Molecular mechanics (MM) is the classical description of molecular systems using simplified assumptions, applicable to various systems from simple molecules to ...
[106]
How Accurate Are QM/MM Models? - ACS Publications
Dec 4, 2024 · Despite the success and widespread use of QM/MM methods in modeling (bio)chemically important processes, their accuracy is still not well understood.<|control11|><|separator|>
[107]
1.4 - Method of Moments | STAT 415 - STAT ONLINE
The method of moments involves equating sample moments with theoretical moments, equating sample moments about the origin with theoretical moments, and solving ...
[108]
[PDF] Method of Moments - Arizona Math
The method of moments uses the law of large numbers to estimate parameters by linking sample moments to parameter estimates, replacing distributional moments ...Missing: MM | Show results with:MM
[109]
[PDF] Acronym glossary | Stata
MM method of moments. MNAR missing not at random. MNP multinomial probit. MPL modified profile likelihood. MS mean square. MSB most-significant byte. MSE mean ...