Moe Bandy
Marion Franklin "Moe" Bandy Jr. (born February 12, 1944) is an American country music singer renowned for his honky-tonk and traditional country sound, achieving prominence in the 1970s and 1980s with themes of heartbreak, cheating, and rural life.[1][2][3] Born in Meridian, Mississippi, Bandy relocated to San Antonio, Texas, at age six, where he developed an early interest in music influenced by legends like Jimmie Rodgers and Lefty Frizzell.[2][4] As a teenager, he engaged in rodeo activities such as bronco busting and bull riding before pursuing music professionally, starting with a single on Satin Records in 1964 and signing with Columbia Records in 1975 under producer Ray Baker.[2] His breakthrough came with the 1974 single "I Just Started Hatin' Cheatin' Songs Today," which peaked at #17 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, followed by signature tracks like "Bandy the Rodeo Clown" in 1975, which Lefty Frizzell wrote specifically for him.[2][4][5] Bandy achieved two number-one singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, including "I Cheated Me Right Out of You" (1979) and the duet "Just Good Ol' Boys" with Joe Stampley (1979), contributing to 22 Top 10 hits and 51 charting singles overall. He earned multiple Academy of Country Music (ACM) and Country Music Association (CMA) awards, notably for Vocal Duo of the Year with Stampley, and was inducted into the Texas Country Music Hall of Fame and Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame.[1][6][7] In 1989, he performed "Americana" at President George H.W. Bush's inauguration, and in 1991, he opened the Moe Bandy Americana Theatre in Branson, Missouri; Bandy remains active as of 2025, releasing albums into the 2020s, celebrating career milestones, and touring as a classic country performer.[2][3][8][9]Early life
Childhood and family
Marion Franklin Bandy Jr. was born on February 12, 1944, in Meridian, Mississippi.[10] The family relocated to San Antonio, Texas, when he was six years old, initially with his father, followed by his mother and newborn sister.[11] Bandy's father, a guitarist and bandleader who joined the local group the Mission City Playboys after the move, nicknamed his son "Moe" during childhood.[12] His mother contributed to the household's musical environment by playing piano and singing gospel hymns.[11] The family came from modest means, with both parents expressing affection in distinct ways amid financial challenges.[11] Bandy shared a close bond with his younger brother Mike, who later pursued professional bull riding and qualified for the National Finals Rodeo six times; the siblings would eventually team up in rodeo activities.[13][14] From an early age, Bandy was immersed in country music through his parents' talents, beginning to sing publicly by age five in the vibrant local scene.[1]Early interests in rodeo and music
During his teenage years, Moe Bandy developed a passion for rodeo, competing extensively in bronc and bull riding events throughout Texas alongside his brother, beginning at the age of 16.[15] This pursuit dominated his interests during high school, where he prioritized the adrenaline of the arena over other activities, reflecting the rugged cowboy culture of his Texas upbringing.[16] Bandy's exposure to music came early through his family, as both parents were musicians who taught him to play the guitar at a young age.[17] However, he displayed minimal enthusiasm for it as a teenager, with rodeo remaining his primary focus until injuries curtailed his riding career around age 20.[18] As he shifted attention to music, Bandy drew inspiration from classic country artists like Hank Williams, whose songwriting captured the hardships and heartaches akin to those he encountered in the rodeo world.[12] His personal experiences in rodeos profoundly shaped his musical identity, giving rise to the enduring "Bandy the Rodeo Clown" persona that evoked his youthful days working the circuit.[16] This blend of rodeo heritage and emerging musical talent led to initial performances at local Texas venues, where he incorporated themes of cowboy life into his sets, bridging his two early passions.[19]Music career
Initial recordings
In 1962, while employed as a sheet metal worker during the day, Moe Bandy formed the band Moe and the Mavericks and began performing country music at night in San Antonio-area clubs.[20] The group secured a deal with the small San Antonio-based Satin Records, releasing their debut single "Lonely Girl" backed with "Too Many Times Before" in late 1965, followed by "As Long as There's a Chance" / "What Would You Do About It" in early 1966; neither achieved commercial success.[21] The Mavericks continued issuing singles on other independent labels, including "Playboy" / "Still a Fool for You" on Brazos Records around 1965–1966, but sales remained negligible, prompting Bandy to balance music with his trade job.[22] By the late 1960s, the band disbanded, and Bandy continued recording sporadically for tiny outfits, including the 1970 Gee Pee Records single "The Understatement of the Year" / "Lonely Girl," which also flopped.[21] Throughout the early 1970s, Bandy faced ongoing challenges with scant chart performance and limited industry support, often self-financing sessions such as the 1972 Shannon Records single "Hanging On to One" / "Rain Making Baby of Mine," which yielded no notable results.[22] A turning point came in 1973 when producer Ray Baker encouraged him to record the novelty track "I Just Started Hatin' Cheatin' Songs Today" for the small Footprint label; the song gained modest traction after being leased to GRC Records in 1974, reaching number 7 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, though Bandy's output remained confined to minor releases like "Honky Tonk Amnesia" on GRC that year.[21][5] This period of perseverance culminated in 1975 when Bandy signed with the major label Columbia Records, enabling access to professional production resources and broader distribution.[22] His rodeo background occasionally informed the thematic inspirations for these early song ideas, blending personal experiences of rural hardship with honky-tonk narratives.Rise to fame and major hits
Bandy signed with Columbia Records in 1975, marking a pivotal shift in his career as he moved from smaller labels to a major one, allowing for greater promotion and distribution of his honky-tonk sound. His debut single for the label, "Hank Williams, You Wrote My Life," released in late 1975, became his first major success, peaking at number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in early 1976 and solidifying his reputation for heartfelt, traditional country storytelling inspired by classic artists like Hank Williams.[23][9] This track, written by Paul Craft, resonated with audiences during the rising outlaw country movement, positioning Bandy as a champion of hardcore honky-tonk amid broader shifts toward more rock-influenced styles in Nashville.[24] Preceding his Columbia tenure but contributing to the momentum, Bandy's 1975 single "Bandy the Rodeo Clown"—his final release on GRC Records—reached number 7 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, introducing his signature blend of rodeo-themed narratives and barroom ballads that defined his honky-tonk style.[25] The song's self-referential lyrics and twangy production captured Bandy's personal connection to rodeo culture, helping to build a dedicated fanbase for his authentic, working-class country appeal. Following this, 1976 brought "Here I Am Drunk Again," which peaked at number 17 on the same chart, exemplifying his recurring themes of heartbreak and self-deprecating humor in drinking songs that kept him in consistent rotation on country radio.[26] Bandy's chart momentum continued through the late 1970s with additional solo releases under Columbia, including the 1976 single "It Was Always So Easy to Find an Unhappy Woman," a holdover from his earlier GRC era that had peaked at number 7 and reinforced his expertise in cheeky, relationship-focused honky-tonk tunes.[27] By 1979, he achieved his first solo number 1 with "I Cheated Me Right Out of You," topping the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for one week and spending ten weeks in the top ranks, capping a period of steady ascent. From 1975 to 1979, Bandy amassed multiple top 20 entries, with his traditional honky-tonk approach providing a counterpoint to the era's outlaw trends and establishing him as a reliable hitmaker in Nashville's evolving landscape.[5]Duets and collaborations
Partnership with Joe Stampley
In 1979, Moe Bandy and Joe Stampley, both established solo artists on Columbia Records, formed a duet partnership after a casual dinner conversation at the Hard Rock Cafe in London, where they noted their physical resemblance and joked about recording together as "Moe & Joe," akin to the successful Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson duo.[28] This collaboration capitalized on their shared honky-tonk roots, creating a dynamic chemistry that blended Bandy's rodeo-infused twang with Stampley's smooth baritone for humorous, lighthearted country fare.[29] Their debut single, "Just Good Ol' Boys," released that year, became an immediate sensation, topping the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for one week and establishing their signature novelty style. Follow-up releases solidified their success, including "Holding the Bag" (peaking at No. 7 in late 1979), "Tell Ole I Ain't Here, He Better Go On Home" (No. 11 in 1980), and "Hey Joe (Hey Moe)" (No. 10 in 1981), all of which showcased satirical lyrics about everyday country mishaps and good-ol'-boy antics. The duo's appeal earned them the Country Music Association's Vocal Duo of the Year award in 1980.[30] Over the next several years, Bandy and Stampley released several collaborative albums on Columbia, including the studio albums Just Good Ol' Boys (1979), Hey Joe! Hey Moe! (1981), and The Good Ol' Boys: Alive and Well (1984), as well as compilations such as The Best of Moe & Joe (1982).[31] These projects emphasized playful, traditional country sounds with witty storytelling, amassing over a dozen chart entries and boosting both artists' visibility in the industry. The partnership dissolved in the mid-1980s amid creative tensions, as the duo's popularity increasingly overshadowed their solo endeavors and fan demands for joint performances hindered individual pursuits.[32] Despite the split, Bandy and Stampley preserved a strong personal friendship, reuniting sporadically for live shows and tributes in later decades.[33]Other duet partners
Moe Bandy collaborated with Janie Fricke on the 1979 single "It's a Cheating Situation," which peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart and became one of his most enduring duet recordings.[34] The track, written by Curly Putman and Sonny Throckmorton, showcased Bandy's honky-tonk style alongside Fricke's smooth vocals, contributing to its crossover appeal and long-term popularity in live performances.[35] In the early 1980s, Bandy partnered with Judy Bailey for several tracks, most notably "Following the Feeling" from his 1980 album of the same name, which highlighted their harmonious blend on themes of romance and regret.[23] This collaboration extended to "It's You and Me Again," another duet that appeared on the album and emphasized Bandy's shift toward more emotive, mid-tempo country ballads during that period.[36] Bailey's contributions added a layer of vocal warmth to Bandy's recordings, helping to diversify his sound beyond his earlier solo honky-tonk hits. Bandy's duets with Becky Hobbs in 1983 produced notable successes, including "Let's Get Over Them Together," which reached number ten on the Billboard country chart and marked a playful exploration of heartbreak and reconciliation.[37] Featured on the album Devoted to Your Memory, the song was written by Charlie Craig and Keith Stegall, capturing the duo's chemistry in a lighthearted narrative.[38] Additional collaborations that year, such as "In Love" and "Pardon Me (Haven't We Loved Somewhere)," further solidified their partnership, with Hobbs' piano-driven style complementing Bandy's storytelling.[39][40] Beyond female vocalists, Bandy occasionally featured male artists in duets during his later solo phases, including a 1983 recording of "Don't Sing Me No Songs About Texas" with Merle Haggard on Devoted to Your Memory.[41] Written by Haggard and Leona Williams, the track brought together two country icons for a reflective take on homesickness, adding variety to Bandy's discography amid his ongoing solo work.[42] These selective pairings demonstrated Bandy's versatility, echoing the successful model of his earlier duo efforts while focusing on thematic depth in individual projects.Later career
Live performances and theatre
In the 1980s and 1990s, Moe Bandy maintained an active touring schedule that included regular appearances at the Grand Ole Opry, where he performed his signature honky-tonk hits as a longstanding Opry artist.[43] His tours during this period extended internationally, with notable performances at events like the International Festivals of Country Music at Wembley Arena in London, showcasing his appeal to global audiences.[44] These live shows often featured staples from his catalog, such as "Bandy the Rodeo Clown" and "Hank Williams, You Wrote My Life," delivered with high-energy banter and traditional country instrumentation. A pivotal moment in Bandy's stage career came in 1991 when he opened the 900-seat Americana Theatre in Branson, Missouri, transforming it into a hub for his residency shows that drew steady crowds through the decade.[45] The venue, previously owned by the Plummer Family, allowed Bandy to host nightly performances blending storytelling, comedy, and music, solidifying Branson's emergence as a destination for country acts.[46] He continued these residencies frequently into the early 2000s, adapting his sets to the intimate setting while preserving the raw, honky-tonk vibe that defined his earlier arena tours.[15] Post-peak commercial success in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Bandy shifted toward smaller venues like Branson theaters and regional fairs, where he sustained fan engagement through dynamic live presentations that emphasized audience interaction and classic material.[47] This approach kept his performances vibrant, often incorporating rodeo-themed anecdotes to connect with crowds, even as larger stadium tours diminished.[22] Bandy's enduring stage presence is captured in live recordings such as Live From the Country Music Cruise (2024), which documents a January 2024 performance aboard the cruise ship, highlighting his unfiltered honky-tonk delivery and crowd-pleasing selections amid a festive, nautical backdrop.[48] Earlier efforts like the 1993 album Live in Branson, MO, USA similarly reflect his commitment to authentic, venue-specific energy during the residency era.[49]Recent releases post-2020
In 2020, Moe Bandy released his album A Love Like That, a collection of traditional country ballads produced by the late Jimmy Capps, featuring tracks such as the title song and "Tonight Was Made for the Two of Us."[50] This project marked Bandy's return to recording after several years, emphasizing heartfelt storytelling in the vein of classic honky-tonk.[51] Shifting toward inspirational themes, Bandy issued the gospel album Thank You Lord in January 2023, comprising 12 tracks including the title song and a cover of "Family Bible" featuring The Isaacs.[52] The release reflected Bandy's growing focus on faith-based country music, with performances of selections like the title track on programs such as Larry's Country Diner.[53] In 2025, Bandy continued his output with the single "You Don't Have Very Far to Go," a cover of the Merle Haggard classic, released on April 4 via StarVista Music.[54] This track paid homage to Haggard's influence, showcasing Bandy's enduring honky-tonk style. Later that spring, on May 2, Bandy dropped the album Songs I Missed, a set of 12 covers of country standards he had long admired but never recorded, including "Heartaches by the Number," "He Stopped Loving Her Today," and "Amarillo by Morning."[55] On May 2, an exclusive premiere of the album's cover of Dave Dudley's "Six Days on the Road" highlighted Bandy's interpretive take on trucking anthems.[56] That year also saw milestone celebrations tied to Bandy's career-defining hits from 1975. In August, he marked the 50th anniversary of "Bandy the Rodeo Clown," his signature autobiographical tune that launched his stardom, with special acknowledgments and performances.[57] In November, Bandy commemorated the same anniversary for "Hank Williams, You Wrote My Life," a tribute to the country legend that resonated with fans through its raw emotional depth, further underscoring his lasting connection to traditional country roots.[58]Personal life
Family and residences
Moe Bandy married his high school sweetheart, Margaret, in 1963 at the age of 19.[11] The couple had three children: daughters Laura, born in 1964, and Lisa, born on April 8, 1976, and son Ronnie, born in 1966.[11][59] Their marriage ended in divorce in 1997, though specific details about the divorce remain private.[59] Public information about the children's lives is limited, with Bandy noting that his son Ronnie is a close friend who knows all of his songs by heart.[11] In 2008, Bandy married Tami, his current wife as of 2025.[60] The couple has no children together and maintains a low public profile regarding their personal life.[60] Bandy has resided in Branson, Missouri, since 1991, when he purchased and renamed a local venue as the Americana Theatre to host his performances.[45] He and Tami live in a cabin near the city, where he continues to perform regularly.[60][61] Bandy's family has ties to both music and rodeo; his younger brother, Mike Bandy, is a professional bull rider who qualified for the National Finals Rodeo six times.[62] The brothers were jointly inducted into the Texas Rodeo Cowboy Hall of Fame in 2007.[62]Health and rodeo involvement
Moe Bandy developed a passion for rodeo early in life, competing professionally in the early 1970s by riding bareback broncs and bulls while working as a cowboy on his grandfather's ranch in San Antonio, Texas. His rodeo career proved short-lived, however, due to repeated injuries, including a bad back that ultimately forced his retirement from competitive riding. These physical setbacks shifted his focus toward music, though they left a lasting mark on his personal experiences and thematic inspirations in songwriting. Bandy's connection to rodeo extended beyond competition, influencing his stage presence and public persona in ways that evoked the cowboy lifestyle. Sporadically through the 1970s, he made appearances tied to rodeo events, aligning with the honky-tonk energy of his performances and reinforcing his authentic Western roots. In recognition of his rodeo contributions outside of music, Bandy was inducted into the Texas Rodeo Cowboy Hall of Fame in 2007 alongside his brother Mike, a six-time National Finals Rodeo bull-riding qualifier. The honor celebrated their shared commitment to the sport and Western heritage. As Bandy entered his later years, reaching age 81 in 2025, he has managed age-related mobility concerns through sustained physical activity via live performances, maintaining an active tour schedule that includes concerts at venues like the Grand Ole Opry and regional theaters. This ongoing engagement has helped sustain his health while keeping him connected to his rodeo-influenced legacy.Legacy
Awards and honors
Moe Bandy received several nominations and awards from the Academy of Country Music (ACM) and Country Music Association (CMA) during the 1970s and 1980s, recognizing his solo work and duets with Joe Stampley. He won the ACM Most Promising Male Vocalist award in 1973 and the ACM Song of the Year for "It's a Cheatin' Situation" in 1979, alongside the ACM Top Vocal Duet honor with Stampley in 1980. For the CMA, Bandy earned nominations for Vocal Duo of the Year in 1980, 1981, and 1985, as well as Album of the Year in 1980 for Picture in a Frame. These accolades highlighted the success of his chart-topping hits from that era, including "Hank Williams, You Wrote My Life," which reached number one on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in 1975.[63][23][64] Bandy's commercial achievements in the 1970s were further affirmed by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), which certified five of his albums as Gold for exceeding 500,000 units sold, including Just Good Ol' Boys (1979) with Joe Stampley and solo releases like Hank Williams, You Wrote My Life (1975) and Two Lonely People (1978). These certifications underscored his prominence in country music during the decade, with albums that blended honky-tonk storytelling and rodeo-themed narratives.[65] In recognition of his rodeo background, Bandy and his brother Mike, a professional bull rider, were inducted into the Texas Rodeo Cowboy Hall of Fame in 2007 for their contributions to Western heritage and sports. The induction honored Moe's early career as a cowboy and bull rider in the 1960s and 1970s, before transitioning to music, and Mike's accomplishments as a six-time National Finals Rodeo qualifier.[62][19] In 2023, Bandy was inducted into the Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame and received the first-ever Moe Bandy Icon Award from the Texas Country Music Association.[66][6] In 2025, Bandy marked the 50th anniversary of key hits like "Bandy the Rodeo Clown" (July 1975) and "Hank Williams, You Wrote My Life" (November 1975) through media tributes, special performances, and the release of his album Songs I Missed, featuring reinterpreted classics. These celebrations highlighted his enduring career but did not include new formal awards.[67][57]Influence and tributes
Moe Bandy played a pivotal role in reviving honky-tonk and traditional country music during the 1970s, a period when Nashville was shifting toward more polished pop-influenced sounds. His raw, heartfelt delivery of cheating and drinking songs, exemplified by hits like "Bandy the Rodeo Clown," helped preserve the genre's roots amid the Outlaw Movement led by artists such as Willie Nelson and Waylon Jennings.[68][12] Bandy's stylistic legacy influenced subsequent generations of country performers, notably George Strait, who early in his career opened for Bandy and later achieved massive success with a similar neotraditional honky-tonk approach. Strait even covered Bandy's 1977 single "Does Fort Worth Ever Cross Your Mind," turning it into the title track of his breakthrough 1984 album and a cornerstone of his catalog.[69][70] With ten number-one hits—both solo and in duets—alongside over 50 chart entries on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, Bandy built a lasting catalog that solidified his place in country music history and cultivated an enduring fan base, particularly in Texas, his home state, and Branson, Missouri, where he has performed extensively.[23][71] Known as a "working man's country singer" due to his blue-collar origins as a sheet metal worker and rodeo clown, Bandy's music resonated with everyday listeners through anthems like "Let's Hear It for the Workin' Man," a duet with Joe Stampley that celebrated labor and resilience.[72][73] His songs continue to be covered by newer artists, maintaining their relevance, while Bandy himself remains a staple on country music cruises, where live performances and recordings keep his honky-tonk spirit alive for contemporary audiences.[69][72] In 2025, Bandy received notable tributes marking the 50th anniversary of "Bandy the Rodeo Clown," including features in Music Matters Magazine and Yahoo that praised the track's rodeo-themed authenticity and Bandy's authentic embodiment of traditional country storytelling.[74][75]Discography
Studio and live albums
Moe Bandy began his recording career with GRC Records in the mid-1970s, releasing his debut album I Just Started Hatin' Cheatin' Songs Today in 1974, followed by key early works such as Bandy the Rodeo Clown (1975) and Hank Williams...You Wrote My Life! (1975), which highlighted his honky-tonk style and influences from classic country artists.[76] These albums established Bandy's reputation for heartfelt, traditional country narratives centered on rodeo life and personal struggles.[21] Transitioning to Columbia Records in 1976, Bandy entered a prolific phase, producing solo albums like Here I Am Drunk Again (1976), Cowboys Ain't Supposed to Cry (1977), One of a Kind (1979), and Following the Feeling (1980), which explored themes of heartbreak, resilience, and everyday country living.[76] During this era, he also collaborated extensively with Joe Stampley, releasing six duet albums, including Just Good Ol' Boys (1979), Hey Joe! Hey Moe! (1981), and Alive and Well (1984), blending humor and harmony in their signature "good ol' boys" sound.[21] In the 1980s and beyond, Bandy moved to labels including MCA/Curb and Curb Records, issuing albums such as You Haven't Heard the Last of Me (1987), No Regrets (1988), and Many Mansions (1989), which maintained his commitment to straightforward country storytelling while incorporating gospel and cowboy elements in later releases like Gospel Favorites (1995) and A Cowboy Christmas (1996).[76] His career on independent labels continued into the 21st century with works like Lucky Me (2016) and A Love Like That (2020) on Springer Mountain Farms/Bandy Productions.[77] More recently, Bandy has focused on inspirational and reflective material, releasing the gospel-oriented Thank You Lord in 2023 on Bandy Productions.[78] In 2024, he issued the live album Live From the Country Music Cruise, capturing performances from the cruise event and showcasing his enduring stage presence with classics and fan favorites.[79] His latest studio effort, Songs I Missed (2025), further demonstrates his ongoing productivity.[78] As of 2025, Bandy's discography encompasses 36 studio albums, seven compilations, and three live albums, spanning over five decades and multiple labels while consistently emphasizing authentic country roots.[21]Singles and compilations
Moe Bandy has released over 50 singles across his career, spanning from the mid-1960s to the present day, with 66 charting singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. His debut single, "Lonely Girl," issued in 1964 on Satin Records, failed to chart but marked his entry into the music industry as part of the group Moe Bandy & the Mavericks.[22] Early efforts in the 1970s gained traction, including "Bandy the Rodeo Clown" (1975), which peaked at #7, establishing his honky-tonk style.[5] Bandy's peak commercial success came in the mid-to-late 1970s, with standout solo releases like "Hank Williams, You Wrote My Life" (1975), reaching #2 and paying homage to the country legend through its narrative lyrics.[5] He also scored multiple #1 hits, including "I Cheated Me Right Out of You" (1979).[5] Collaborations, particularly duets with Joe Stampley as Moe & Joe, were highly successful; their novelty track "Just Good Ol' Boys" (1979) topped the chart for one week and became a signature hit, spawning a series of comedic duo recordings.[5] Overall, Bandy amassed 10 #1 singles and 40 top 10 hits on the country charts between 1974 and the 1980s.[23] In the 1980s, Bandy continued charting with post-1979 releases such as "Till I'm Too Old to Die Young" (1981), which peaked at #5 and reflected his maturing songwriting themes.[5] His chart activity tapered in later decades but persisted through independent labels. Most recently, in April 2025, he released "You Don't Have Very Far To Go," a cover of Merle Haggard's 1964 classic, emphasizing streaming platforms and available on services like Spotify and Apple Music without traditional radio chart entry.[80]| Year | Single | Peak Position (Billboard Hot Country Songs) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | Lonely Girl | - | Debut single; non-charting |
| 1975 | Hank Williams, You Wrote My Life | #2 | Solo hit; title track of album |
| 1975 | Bandy the Rodeo Clown | #7 | Early signature song |
| 1979 | Just Good Ol' Boys (with Joe Stampley) | #1 | Duet |
| 1979 | I Cheated Me Right Out of You | #1 | Solo #1 |
| 1981 | Till I'm Too Old to Die Young | #5 | Later career hit |
| 2025 | You Don't Have Very Far To Go | - | Merle Haggard cover; streaming release |