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Obe

OBE most commonly refers to the Officer of the Order of the British Empire, a British honour for distinguished service. It may also refer to other topics covered in the sections below.

Awards and honors

Officer of the Order of the British Empire

The Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) is the fourth highest rank in the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, a British order of chivalry instituted on 4 June 1917 by King George V to recognize distinguished contributions, particularly from non-military personnel during World War I. The order was divided into civil and military divisions in 1918, allowing awards for service in various fields including the arts, sciences, charities, and public service across the United Kingdom and Commonwealth realms. Recipients of the OBE are entitled to use the post-nominal letters "OBE" and receive a badge consisting of a silver-gilt cross patonce with a central medallion depicting the effigies of King George V and Queen Mary, surmounted by a crown; the civil version features a plain cross, while the military version includes crossed swords behind it. The badge is suspended from a rose-pink ribbon with pearl-grey edges for civil awards and a similar ribbon with an additional central blue stripe for military. The OBE is awarded for distinguished regional or county-wide service in any activity, or for notable achievements that have gained national recognition in a chosen profession, such as in initiatives, innovations in science, or impactful work in the arts and charities. Nominations are submitted to the Honours and Appointments Secretariat, reviewed by independent committees, and approved by on the advice of the , with awards announced biannually in the and lists. This process ensures recognition of sustained contributions that benefit society at a significant local or national level. In 2025, 516 OBEs were awarded, comprising about 21% of the roughly 2,400 total honours bestowed across both lists. Notable recipients include cyclist , awarded an OBE in the 2025 New Year Honours for services to , and fashion designer , who received the honour in 2017 for services to the fashion industry. Other examples encompass community leaders like Sunita Arora, awarded an OBE in the 2025 for services to the charitable sector and to .

Related British honors

The Most Excellent , instituted on 4 June 1917 by King George V, comprises five distinct classes to recognize distinguished service to , sciences, charitable work, and . These classes, in descending , are: Knight or Dame Grand Cross (GBE), Knight or Dame Commander (KBE or DBE), Commander (CBE), (OBE), and Member (MBE). The award levels within the order reflect varying degrees of impact and scope of service. The CBE, positioned above the OBE, is typically awarded for substantial contributions at a level, such as in major organizations or significant influence. In contrast, the MBE, the lowest rank, honors notable achievements in communities, including volunteer efforts or grassroots initiatives. The OBE serves as a midpoint, recognizing important regional or specialized contributions that bridge and significance. Insignia for the order feature a cross patonce badge enamelled in rose pink, suspended from a ribbon of the same color with pearl grey edges for civil recipients or pearl grey with a rose pink stripe for military ones. Variations by rank include size and materials: GBE and KBE/DBE recipients wear larger silver-gilt badges with a breast star, while CBE, OBE, and MBE badges decrease in size and lack the star, with OBE and MBE using silver rather than silver-gilt. Women in knighthood-equivalent ranks (DBE or GBE) receive a bow-shaped ribbon. Within the broader British honors system, the order holds a mid-tier precedence, following ancient orders like the but preceding decorations such as the . Post-nomination, recipients are appointed by the sovereign on advice from the , with the full order divided into civil and divisions since to accommodate wartime expansions. Over time, the order has evolved to include broader societal contributions beyond its original focus, maintaining inclusivity from while adapting to contemporary nominations.

Education

Outcome-based education

Outcome-based education (OBE) is an educational paradigm that organizes teaching, learning, and assessment around clearly defined, measurable student outcomes, emphasizing what students should know, understand, and be able to do—such as acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes—rather than traditional inputs like instructional hours or coverage. This approach shifts the focus from process-oriented elements to end results, ensuring that educational experiences align with intended achievements that prepare learners for real-world challenges. The historical development of OBE traces back to the 1980s and 1990s in the United States, where educational consultant William Spady popularized the framework as a means to promote equity and high performance for all students by restructuring curricula around culminating outcomes. Spady's work, including his 1994 book Outcome-Based Education: Critical Issues and Answers, laid the groundwork for its global spread, influencing reforms in various countries. Notable adoptions include South Africa in 1997, where OBE was integrated into the post-apartheid Curriculum 2005 to address educational inequalities and promote skills development. However, it faced criticisms for implementation challenges, such as vagueness and teacher unpreparedness, leading to revisions in 2000 as the Revised National Curriculum Statement. In the Philippines, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) formalized OBE principles in 2012 through policies like Memorandum Order No. 37, series of 2012, mandating outcome-aligned curricula in higher education institutions, with broader implementation accelerating around 2017 in alignment with K-12 reforms and ASEAN quality assurance standards. At its core, OBE operates on key principles including , where instruction is tailored to help all learners achieve high standards; explicit outcome statements, such as "Students will demonstrate the ability to analyze complex problems by applying theoretical concepts to practical scenarios"; and , which begins with desired outcomes and works reversely to develop , assessments, and activities. These principles ensure transparency and accountability, with assessments measuring mastery rather than mere participation. In contrast to , which often prioritizes rote , standardized time-based progression, and teacher-directed content delivery, OBE stresses demonstrable mastery of competencies and their application in authentic contexts, fostering and adaptability over superficial knowledge acquisition. OBE has also sparked debates, with critics arguing it promotes vague, non-academic outcomes, "dumbs down" curricula, and places excessive burden on educators, leading to partial rollbacks or modifications in countries like and parts of the . As of October 2024, OBE has seen widespread global adoption, particularly in and professional fields like engineering, driven by international accreditation standards such as those from ( Board for Engineering and Technology). 's outcomes-based criteria, introduced in 2000 via Engineering Criteria 2000, accredit 4,773 programs across 930 institutions in 42 countries, emphasizing student outcomes like problem-solving and ethical reasoning to ensure program quality and employability. Systematic reviews indicate steady growth in OBE implementation since 2012, with strong uptake in regions including , (e.g., , ), (e.g., ), and East Asia (e.g., ), aligning with for inclusive and equitable education. This adoption reflects OBE's role in enhancing graduate competencies amid evolving global labor demands.

Applications in higher education

In , outcome-based education (OBE) influences design by emphasizing the alignment of courses, teaching methods, and assessments with predefined program outcomes, ensuring that educational activities directly support student competencies. This approach begins with identifying desired graduate attributes, such as and professional skills, then maps course content and activities to achieve them, often using rubrics for competency evaluation in assessments like projects or clinical simulations. For instance, in programs, rubrics standardize the evaluation of knowledge application and communication skills during clerkships, fostering measurable progress toward program goals. OBE offers significant benefits in , including enhanced through the development of industry-relevant skills and standardized via transparent outcome tracking. Graduates from OBE-aligned programs demonstrate improved preparedness for the workforce, as curricula focus on practical competencies rather than , leading to higher employer satisfaction rates. In , the University Grants Commission's 2023 Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes mandates an outcomes-based approach, requiring institutions to integrate learning outcomes across disciplines to ensure equity and excellence, with examples from universities like those under the showing boosted graduate placement rates. Despite these advantages, implementing OBE in faces challenges such as faculty resistance due to unfamiliarity with outcome mapping and perceived threats to , alongside substantial resource demands for training and infrastructure upgrades. Recent 2020s studies highlight assessment overload, where continuous evaluation burdens both students and instructors, and equity issues, as underrepresented learners may struggle with self-directed components without adequate support. For example, in developing regions, limited exacerbates these barriers, leading to uneven adoption. Tools and metrics for OBE in often integrate frameworks like to classify learning outcomes across cognitive levels, from basic recall to advanced analysis and creation, enabling precise curriculum alignment and assessment design. As of October 2024, trends in AI-assisted outcome tracking show that approximately 31% of institutions use AI-driven tools for real-time analytics on student progress, such as predictive dashboards that identify gaps in competency achievement and personalize interventions, though adoption remains in early stages in many areas. Case studies illustrate OBE's application in specialized programs worldwide. In , the in implemented a phased OBE in , aligning outcomes with clinical competencies, which improved student readiness for postgraduate training as evidenced by national surveys showing superior confidence levels compared to other programs. Similarly, Mayo Medical School in the redesigned its four-year program around 26 core outcomes tied to accreditation standards, enhancing integration of sciences and clinical skills through innovative assessments. In , ABET-accredited programs in the and under MQA guidelines have adopted OBE since the , with a 2025 global review noting improved industry alignment in curricula, such as for competencies, resulting in higher accreditation success rates across Asian institutions.

Places

Obe, Nigeria

Obe is a small rural village situated in the of , , within the North Central region known as the . Its geographical coordinates are approximately 8°15'46"N 7°45'52"E. The village lies in a landscape typical of the region's tropical Guinean forest-savanna mosaic , featuring undulating terrain with proximity to local rivers that support for surrounding farmlands. The elevation in the area is around 118 meters above , contributing to its suitability for in a semi-arid to climate. Demographically, Obe is predominantly inhabited by members of local ethnic groups such as the Eggon and Gwandara, who form significant portions of Nasarawa State's population and maintain traditional community structures. As a typical rural settlement, its population is estimated to be modest, reflecting the low-density habitation common in Nasarawa's countryside, though specific figures for the village remain limited. The community engages primarily in subsistence farming, cultivating crops like and on fertile plots, supplemented by participation in local markets. These economic activities tie Obe closely to nearby urban centers such as Keffi town, facilitating trade in agricultural produce and essential goods. Historically, Obe has played a minor role in the regional trade routes of central , serving as a passage point for goods between northern savannas and southern forests prior to colonial times, but it has not been associated with major events since 's independence in 1960. The village's cultural significance lies in its preservation of indigenous practices amid the broader ethnic diversity of .

People

Athletes and sports figures

Obe Blanc (born May 17, 1985) is an American wrestler and coach known for his achievements in circuits. During his high school career at Lely High School in , Blanc won the state championship at 152 pounds in 2003 and was ranked sixth nationally by Amateur Wrestling News. He continued his success at Lock Haven University for three seasons, where he earned All-American honors in 2007 by placing sixth at the NCAA Championships at 125 pounds. He transferred to for his senior year (2008-2009), where he earned his second All-American honor by placing eighth at the 2009 NCAA Championships at 149 pounds, compiling an overall collegiate record of 118-41 with 25 pins. Internationally, Blanc represented the at the , finishing ninth in the 60 kg division after qualifying as the U.S. World Team Trials champion that year; he also secured second place at the 2010 Pan American Championships and won the U.S. Open title. Transitioning to coaching, Blanc served as an assistant at before becoming head coach of the wrestling program in 2023, where in his first season he guided wrestler Gaven Sax to the NCAA Championships blood round in 2024. As of 2025, Blanc remains head coach at NDSU, focusing on developing techniques like his signature single-leg attacks that defined his competitive career. Obe Geia (born February 12, 1989) is an Australian former footballer of descent from , notable for his brief but historic stint in the (NRL). Geia debuted for the in the NRL during the 2008 season, becoming the first player from Palm Island to play first-grade and the first from the club's National Youth Competition (NYC) squad to earn an NRL call-up that year. In his two NRL appearances for the Cowboys against the and , Geia scored two tries, contributing to his team's efforts in those matches. Prior to his professional debut, Geia excelled in junior representative sides, including as the top try-scorer for the Australian Schoolboys on their 2006 tour of while at Kirwan State High School, and he played 35 games in the NYC for the Cowboys in 2008. Although his NRL career was short-lived, Geia's legacy endures through the Obe Geia Challenge, an annual youth event established by the Cowboys in 2009 on Palm Island to promote inclusion and community engagement. Yumi Obe (born February 15, 1975) is a Japanese former footballer and current coach, recognized for her contributions as a to the Japan women's national team. Obe earned 85 caps for between 1991 and 2004, serving as and appearing in major tournaments including the 1996 and 2004 Olympics, and the 1999 and 2003 Women's Asian Cups, where she helped secure bronze medals; during her international career, she scored three goals. At the club level, Obe played for teams like YKK Tohoku Ladies SC Flappers (later TEPCO Mareeze), where she was selected to the L. League Best Eleven seven times and retired as a player at the end of the 2006 season. Post-retirement, Obe transitioned into management, serving as playing manager for TEPCO Mareeze in 2007 before taking on coaching roles, including assistant coach for the senior women's national team and manager of the U-17 team in the , and contributing to youth development programs.

Entertainers and artists

Amir Obè, born August 26, 1989, is an rapper, , and producer known for blending with storytelling. His career began in 2009 under the name Phreshy Duzit with a signing to , before he rebranded and gained prominence with the 2014 mixtape Detrooklyn. Obè's influences draw from icons such as , , , and , shaping his futuristic yet classic sound that emphasizes personal narrative and production innovation. In 2016, he signed with , releasing projects like the EP Happening in the Grey Area (2015), the album None of the Clocks Work (2017), and more recent works including after. (2023) and its deluxe edition (2024). Notable collaborations include production for on tracks like "Star67" and joint efforts with under the banner. Tunde and Wunmi Obe, performing as the duo T.W.O., are a Nigerian married couple who have built a career in music and since the , starting as regulars on the program The Charly Boy Show. Married since June 26, 1998, they have sustained a blending professional collaborations with , marking 27 years of by 2025 while continuing joint projects that promote Nigerian culture and inspiration. Their discography features hit songs such as "Mogbo Moya" from the 2006 album T.W.O 4 Real, "Ire" (2015) with , and "Adupe" featuring Segun Obe, alongside appearances on albums like T.W.O Legit (2010) and T.W.O. Plus (2015) with guests including 2face and 9ice. The duo's style fuses and Afro-pop with gospel elements, evident in tracks like "The Way" (an Afro-Calypso-Gospel tune) and award-winning videos such as "Wedding Day" (2014, NMVA for Best Use of Costume). Their work has earned them multiple Nigeria Music Video Awards, including in 2010 and 2014, highlighting their enduring role in Nigerian entertainment.

Languages and culture

Obe language

The Obe language, also known as Putukwam or Utugwang-Irungene-Afrike, belongs to the Bendi subgroup of the Cross River branch within the Benue-Congo subfamily of the . It is spoken in the northern part of , , primarily in the , , and Bekwarra Local Government Areas, across approximately 61 villages. As of 2012 estimates, Obe has around 70,000 speakers, who use it as a primary language of daily communication within their ethnic communities. The language maintains a stable indigenous status, serving as a vigorous medium for intergenerational transmission, though it coexists with and English as languages of wider communication in education, trade, and administration. Unlike more northern Nigerian languages affected by , Obe's vitality is challenged mainly by these national lingua francas rather than regional dominants. Obe features a system inherited from proto-Benue-Congo, which categorizes nouns and agrees with verbs, pronouns, and modifiers. This system varies in complexity across dialects but retains core concord markers for , number, and . Linguistic surveys have documented basic , such as terms for relations (e.g., , child) and natural elements (e.g., , ), revealing high lexical similarities among dialects like Utugwang, Afrike, and Mgbenege. In cultural contexts, Obe is integral to oral traditions, including , proverbs, and songs that preserve community history and values among agrarian societies focused on and farming. Documentation efforts intensified in the 2000s with sociolinguistic surveys by , which produced wordlists and assessed dialect intelligibility, recommending unified orthographies for dialects like Utugwang. In the 2020s, ongoing Bible translation projects by Lutheran Bible Translators have advanced literacy materials, including the Gospel of Luke completed in 2018 (print and audio), the Gospel of John (drafted), and the Gospel of Matthew (ongoing), alongside the film adaptation in the Obe Nrung Ene dialect, and community reading groups to promote language use and revitalization.

Cultural references

In Nigerian folklore among the Edo-speaking peoples, "Obe" refers to a snake character in traditional tales, often portrayed as a cunning or threatening figure in narratives involving animals and human-like interactions, such as one where the squirrel uses a tooth to scare Obe away, highlighting themes of wit and survival. The term appears in Nigerian media through the 2012 Nollywood short film Obe, written, directed, and produced by Leon Ogar, which explores local themes and marks an early independent effort in the industry's short-form storytelling. In modern contexts, references to Obe in remain limited, with no major documented uses in 2025 festivals or music productions tied to Nigerian communities abroad.

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