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Pod

A pod is an elongated, dry dehiscent fruit that develops from one or more carpels of a flower, splits open along seams to release seeds attached to its inner wall, and is especially characteristic of leguminous plants such as peas and beans.^[1]^[2] In botanical terms, its structure typically features two valves enclosing multiple seeds within a pericarp that dehisce at maturity to facilitate dispersal.^[2] Pods play a key role in the reproductive strategy of the Fabaceae family, enabling efficient seed protection and release in various ecosystems.^[1] Beyond botany, the term pod denotes a clustered group of marine mammals, such as whales or seals, that travel or feed together as a social unit.^[1] It also applies to protective, streamlined compartments, like those housing fuel or engines on aircraft, or to anatomical pouches in organisms.^[1]

Biological Uses

Botanical Structures

In botany, a pod refers to a legume, a type of dry dehiscent fruit characteristic of plants in the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae), formed from a single carpel that splits along two longitudinal sutures to release seeds.^[3]^[4] The structure consists of two valves—elongated, often leathery or woody layers of pericarp—joined by dorsal and ventral sutures, with seeds attached via a funiculus to the inner placental tissue.^[3]^[5] Dehiscence typically occurs passively due to drying and contraction of the valves, propelled by tension in sclerenchymatous fibers, facilitating seed dispersal by ballistic ejection or exposure to animals and environmental factors.^[6]^[7] Pods exhibit morphological variation, including shape (cylindrical, oblong, or inflated), size (from millimeters in some species to over 1 meter in others like Entada gigas), and texture (smooth, hairy, or spiny), adapted to specific dispersal strategies.^[8] Dehiscent pods, the majority, split explosively or gradually along both sutures, as seen in pea (Pisum sativum) pods where maturity triggers valve separation within days of drying.^[4] Indehiscent variants, such as those in soybeans (Glycine max), remain closed and rely on predation or erosion for seed release, with pod walls thickening to 0.5–2 mm by maturity.^[9] Unlike follicles (e.g., milkweed), which dehisce along one suture, legume pods require dual-seam separation, a distinction rooted in carpel folding during development.^[7] Functionally, the pod's structure protects developing seeds from desiccation and herbivores via lignified tissues, while sutures weaken selectively at maturity, optimizing dispersal efficiency; for instance, in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), coiled pods limit shattering to retain seeds for agricultural harvest.^[10] Examples include green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) pods, which are multi-seeded and elongate to 10–20 cm, and locust tree (Gleditsia triacanthos) pods, twisted and indehiscent with sweet pulp aiding animal-mediated dispersal.^[11] These adaptations underscore the pod's role in the reproductive success of over 19,000 Fabaceae species, contributing to nitrogen-fixing ecosystems.^[5]

Zoological Groups

In zoology, the term "pod" denotes a social aggregation of marine mammals, primarily cetaceans including dolphins (Tursiops spp.), whales (e.g., killer whales, Orcinus orca), and porpoises.^[12] This usage dates to the early 19th century and reflects the clustered, often kin-based structure of these groups, akin to peas in a pod due to their tight cohesion during activities like foraging, migration, and predator defense.^[13] Pods vary in size; dolphin pods typically range from 5 to 20 individuals but can form temporary superpods of hundreds or thousands for social or reproductive purposes.^[14] For toothed whales such as killer whales, pods represent stable, matrilineal units comprising multiple related family lines that maintain lifelong bonds and transmit cultural behaviors like hunting techniques across generations.^[15] Baleen whales occasionally form pods, though their groupings are often looser and more transient compared to the fission-fusion dynamics of odontocetes.^[16] The term is less rigidly applied to pinnipeds like seals, where "pod" may describe haul-out groups but is overshadowed by terms such as rookery or colony for breeding aggregations.^[17] Pods facilitate survival advantages through cooperative behaviors, including echolocation-based communication via clicks and whistles in odontocetes, enabling synchronized dives and evasive maneuvers against threats.^[12] Empirical observations from field studies confirm that pod membership influences individual fitness, with solitary cetaceans facing higher mortality risks than those in stable groups.^[16]

Technological Uses

Electronics and Consumer Devices

The iPod, introduced by Apple on October 23, 2001, was a portable digital audio player that revolutionized consumer music consumption by storing up to 1,000 songs on a 5 GB hard drive while offering 10 hours of battery life.^[18] It featured a mechanical scroll wheel for navigation and initially synced exclusively with Macintosh computers via FireWire, later expanding to Windows compatibility in 2002.^[19] Over its lifespan, Apple released multiple generations, including the iPod Mini in 2004, iPod Nano and Shuffle in 2005, and iPod Touch in 2007, which added touchscreen and app capabilities akin to an iPhone.^[18] Production of iPod models ceased in May 2022 as smartphones integrated similar functionality, with cumulative sales exceeding 450 million units by that point.^[20] AirPods, Apple's true wireless earbuds launched on September 7, 2016, represent an evolution in personal audio devices, utilizing Bluetooth 5.0 and the W1 chip for seamless pairing with Apple ecosystems.^[21] Initial models offered 5 hours of listening time per charge, extending to 24 hours with the case, and introduced features like automatic ear detection and Siri integration.^[22] Subsequent iterations, such as AirPods Pro in 2019 with active noise cancellation and AirPods Max over-ear headphones in 2020, enhanced spatial audio and adaptive EQ, achieving widespread adoption with over 100 million units shipped by 2021 according to market analysts.^[23] These devices emphasize compact, pod-like form factors for portability, with charging cases that double as protective pods. Pod systems, a category of electronic cigarettes emerging prominently around 2015, consist of compact battery-powered devices paired with disposable or refillable liquid-containing pods, designed for mouth-to-lung inhalation of aerosolized nicotine.^[24] Brands like Juul popularized sealed pods with pre-filled nicotine salts, simplifying use compared to traditional tank-based vaporizers and appealing to beginners, though aftermarket pods can alter power output and aerosol yield significantly.^[24] By 2020, disposable and refillable pod variants dominated e-cigarette sales in vape shops, with users preferring fruit and menthol flavors for their pod formats, amid regulatory scrutiny over youth appeal and nicotine delivery efficiency.^[25] These systems integrate basic electronics like ceramic coils and micro-USB charging, prioritizing discretion and ease over high-wattage customization.

Computing and Software

In container orchestration systems, a pod represents the smallest deployable unit of computing that can be created and managed, typically consisting of one or more containers that share storage, network resources, and a specification for how to run them.^[26] Introduced as part of Kubernetes, an open-source platform originally developed by Google and released in 2014, pods enable the co-location of related containers—such as an application container alongside a logging or monitoring sidecar—to operate as a cohesive unit on a cluster node.^[26] Kubernetes pods are ephemeral by design, meaning they can be terminated and recreated without preserving state, which supports scalability and fault tolerance in distributed environments; for instance, a pod lifecycle includes phases like Pending, Running, and Succeeded or Failed, managed via controllers like Deployments that ensure desired replicas.^[26] CocoaPods serves as a dependency manager for Swift and Objective-C projects in the Cocoa ecosystem, facilitating the integration of third-party libraries into Xcode-based applications for iOS, macOS, and other Apple platforms.^[27] Developers declare dependencies in a Podfile—a simple text configuration—and CocoaPods resolves, downloads, and integrates them, supporting over 105,000 libraries as of recent counts and used in more than 3 million apps.^[27] First released in 2011, it automates build configurations by generating Xcode project files (Pods.xcodeproj) and handles version conflicts through semantic versioning, though it requires Ruby as a runtime and can introduce build-time overhead in large projects.^[27] In software architecture for large-scale systems, pod-based designs partition resources into isolated units to enhance scalability and isolation, as exemplified by Shopify's implementation where pods group shops onto dedicated datastores while sharing other infrastructure, allowing independent scaling since 2018.^[28] Similarly, in high-performance computing clouds like Penguin Computing On Demand (POD), pods abstract bare-metal clusters for on-demand access, linking servers via high-speed networks for tasks such as simulations.^[29] These architectures prioritize modularity, reducing cross-dependency risks, but demand careful resource allocation to avoid silos that complicate global observability.^[30]

Aerospace and Engineering Applications

In aerospace engineering, pods are streamlined, external enclosures attached to aircraft structures, such as fuselages or wings, to integrate specialized payloads like sensors, cameras, weapons, or fuel systems without necessitating major airframe alterations. This modular design enhances mission flexibility, allowing rapid reconfiguration for reconnaissance, targeting, or electronic warfare roles, while minimizing aerodynamic drag through optimized shapes defined by parameters like length and fineness ratio.^[31]^[32] Targeting and sensor pods represent a primary application, equipping fighter and attack aircraft with precision guidance capabilities. The LITENING Advanced Targeting Pod, developed by Northrop Grumman, combines electro-optical and infrared sensors to detect, identify, and track targets at ranges exceeding 40 kilometers under day or night conditions, and has been integrated on over 1,000 platforms including F-16s and F/A-18s since its initial deployment in the mid-1990s.^[33] Similarly, Lockheed Martin's Legion Pod employs a multi-function infrared search-and-track system for collaborative targeting in radar-denied environments, with demonstrations on F-15E aircraft validating its podded configuration for reduced integration costs compared to internal avionics upgrades.^[34] Reconnaissance and signals intelligence pods further exemplify utility in intelligence-gathering missions. General Atomics' Scalable Open Architecture Reconnaissance (SOAR) pod detects and geolocates radar and communication emitters over extended ranges, supporting unmanned and manned platforms through radio-frequency-transparent composite construction.^[35] The AN/ASQ-236 radar warning receiver pod, utilized by the U.S. Air Force, features a self-contained antenna, inertial navigation, and cooling system for threat detection, attachable to various fighters to bolster survivability without permanent modifications.^[36] In engineering contexts beyond direct aircraft integration, pods facilitate autonomous systems testing and data collection. NASA's AIRVUE pod, introduced in 2024, mounts on experimental aircraft to gather real-time aeronautical data for air taxis and drones, aiding validation of detect-and-avoid technologies in advanced air mobility operations.^[37] Structural engineering of these pods emphasizes lightweight composites for durability under high-vibration environments, with manufacturers like Meggitt conducting stress analyses and certifications to ensure compliance with MIL-STD-810 environmental standards.^[32]

Transportation Systems

Pod-Based Vehicles

Pod-based vehicles are compact, enclosed passenger carriers, typically automated and operating on dedicated guideways, designed for point-to-point transit in personal rapid transit (PRT) systems. These vehicles, often seating 2 to 6 passengers, prioritize on-demand service without intermediate stops, aiming to combine the flexibility of private cars with the efficiency of public transport. Propulsion is usually electric, with power drawn from guideway slots or onboard batteries, enabling speeds of 20-40 mph in urban settings.^[38] The concept emerged in the mid-20th century amid urban congestion concerns, with early proposals like General Motors' 1950s Futurama exhibit envisioning automated small vehicles on elevated tracks. Practical development accelerated in the 1960s-1970s through U.S. federal funding for automated guideway transit research. The Morgantown PRT in West Virginia, operational since October 1975, represents the first large-scale implementation, featuring 71 rubber-wheeled vehicles on an 8.7-mile elevated guideway connecting five stations at West Virginia University. Developed by Boeing under a $64 million federal grant (escalated from initial estimates), it transports over 12,000 passengers daily, primarily students, with vehicles dispatched automatically based on demand.^[39]^[40]^[41]^[42] Other operational systems include the ULTra PRT at London Heathrow Airport's Terminal 5, launched in May 2011, which uses 21 battery-powered pods on a 3.9 km route from a business car park to the terminal. Each pod accommodates 4 passengers plus luggage, reaches 25 mph, and operates via touchscreen destination selection, reducing car park shuttle emissions by an estimated 50% compared to diesel buses. Capacity stands at 656 passengers per hour per direction. Internationally, the Vectus PRT in Suncheon, South Korea, since 2014, employs 40 pods on a 1.7-mile loop, serving low-density areas with automation handling merging and routing. Airport deployments, such as 2getthere systems at Schiphol and Barcelona-El Prat, further demonstrate pod viability for short-haul, high-frequency links.^[43]^[44]^[45] Technical designs emphasize modularity and safety: pods feature collision-avoidance sensors, redundant controls, and lightweight materials like fiberglass for energy efficiency. Guideways are typically elevated concrete or steel, with offline stations allowing nonstop travel. Proponents cite lower energy use—e.g., Morgantown's system consumes 60% less per passenger-mile than buses—and reduced land needs versus roads. However, adoption remains limited due to high infrastructure costs (often $20-50 million per mile) and capacity constraints in high-density corridors, where larger rail outperforms pods. Critics, including transit analysts, argue PRT suits niche applications like campuses or airports but struggles with scalability and overpromises from 1970s hype, as evidenced by abandoned projects like Masdar City's PRT. Ongoing research explores modular autonomous pods for freight or adaptable fleets, but commercial expansion lags behind autonomous road vehicles.^[46]^[47]^[48]

Media and Entertainment

Film and Television Productions

Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), directed by Don Siegel, introduced pods as large seed-like capsules in which extraterrestrial organisms grow exact physical duplicates of humans while the originals sleep, resulting in emotionless "pod people" that propagate the invasion. The film's plot centers on a small-town doctor uncovering the phenomenon after residents report loved ones being replaced overnight.^[49] A 1978 remake directed by Philip Kaufman relocated the story to San Francisco, emphasizing grotesque pod germination scenes where tendrils extract and replicate victims' essences. Pod People (1983), originally titled Extra Terrestrial Visitors and directed by Juan Piquer Simón, depicts a crashed alien spacecraft releasing a small creature that bonds symbiotically with a human boy, while poachers disrupt alien eggs, leading to violent confrontations.^[50] The film, a Spanish-French production released December 13, 1983, in France, gained cult notoriety through its inclusion in the Mystery Science Theater 3000 episode 303, aired in 1991, highlighting its disjointed narrative and dubbed dialogue. Pod (2015), a low-budget American horror film written and directed by Mickey Keating, follows siblings Ed and Lyla confronting their brother Martin at an isolated lake house after he reports his dog killed by a basement-dwelling entity linked to a UFO sighting.^[51] Starring Lauren Ashley Carter as Lyla, Brian Morvant as Martin, and Dean Cates as Ed, with Larry Fessenden in a supporting role, the 76-minute feature builds tension through confined spaces and psychological unraveling, though critics noted pacing issues.^[51] The Pod Generation (2023), a science fiction romantic comedy directed by Sophie Barthes, portrays a near-future couple, Rachel (Emilia Clarke) and Alvy (Chiwetel Ejiofor), opting for a portable artificial womb pod to gestate their child amid technological dominance over biology.^[52] Premiering at the Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2023, and receiving a limited theatrical release on August 11, 2023, the film explores ethical tensions in reproductive tech. Escape pods feature prominently in numerous science fiction productions as emergency spacecraft; in 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), directed by Stanley Kubrick, astronaut Dave Bowman uses an EVA pod to re-enter the Discovery One amid HAL 9000's malfunction, culminating in the iconic pod bay door refusal scene. Similar life pods appear in television series like Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–1994), where they serve as ejection capsules during hull breaches.

Musical Works

Pod is the debut studio album by American alternative rock band the Breeders, released on May 29, 1990, by 4AD records.^[53] Engineered by Steve Albini, the record features Kim Deal of the Pixies on guitar and vocals, Tanya Donelly of Throwing Muses on guitar and vocals, Josephine Wiggs of the Perfect Disaster on bass, and Britt Walford of Slint on drums.^[54] ^[55] The album's 11 tracks, including "Glorious", "Doe", "Happiness Is a Warm Gun" (a cover of the Beatles song), "Oh!", "Hellbound", "Fortunately Gone", "Iris", "Opened", "Lime House", and "Metal Man", showcase a raw, lo-fi alternative rock sound blending noise, melody, and Deal's distinctive songwriting.^[53] ^[56] Critically praised for its sensual, unpolished production and influence on 1990s indie and grunge scenes—Nirvana's Kurt Cobain cited it as a key inspiration for hiring Albini to produce In Utero—Pod achieved cult status, with retrospective reviews highlighting its enduring appeal amid the era's alternative music surge.^[57] ^[58] "POD" is a song by comedy rock duo Tenacious D, released on their 2006 album and film soundtrack The Pick of Destiny. Also titled "The Pick of Destiny", the track functions as the project's thematic opener, featuring satirical lyrics about a mythical guitar pick.^[59]

Other Contexts

Architectural and Modular Designs

In architecture, pod designs refer to prefabricated, self-contained modular units engineered for rapid assembly into habitable or functional spaces, often emphasizing compactness, sustainability, and scalability. These units, typically constructed off-site in controlled factory environments, allow over 90% of the build to occur before transportation, minimizing on-site labor and waste while ensuring consistent quality through industrialized processes.^[60] Pod architecture draws from volumetric modular construction principles, where individual pods—ranging from 10 to 50 square meters—incorporate complete structural, mechanical, and interior elements, enabling configurations like clustered hexagonal modules or linear extensions.^[61] This approach facilitates customization, such as integrating bathroom or kitchen pods with panelized walls for hybrid builds.^[62] Modular pod designs prioritize adaptability and environmental integration, with examples including hexagonal pods that connect via interlocking joints to form expandable dwellings, supporting arrangements from single units to multi-pod clusters for residential or ancillary uses like accessory dwelling units (ADUs).^[61] The ORCA POD series exemplifies eco-friendly modular homes, featuring insulated panels, solar-ready roofing, and passive ventilation systems for energy efficiency in off-grid settings.^[63] Similarly, floating pod concepts, such as the SeaPods by architect Koen Olthuis, employ steel pillars and buoyant bases to create amphibious habitats resilient to rising sea levels, combining minimalism with portability for coastal or urban waterfront applications.^[64] These designs address housing affordability and efficiency, with pod houses enabling construction timelines under 24 hours for basic assemblies in some prefab models, reducing costs by up to 30% compared to traditional site-built methods through streamlined logistics.^[65] G-Pod Americas' innovations push toward future-oriented modularity, incorporating seismic-resistant framing and recyclable materials to adapt to evolving urban densities and climate demands.^[66] However, challenges include transportation limits on pod size—often capped at 4 meters wide for standard roads—and the need for precise site preparation to maintain structural integrity post-assembly.^[67] Overall, pod architecture promotes causal efficiency in resource use, privileging factory precision over bespoke craftsmanship for scalable, verifiable performance in diverse contexts.

Miscellaneous Applications

Laundry detergent pods, such as Tide Pods introduced by Procter & Gamble in 2012, represent a consumer application of pod technology for single-dose cleaning, encapsulating concentrated detergent, enzymes, and brighteners in water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol film to simplify usage and reduce measuring errors.^[68] This format evolved from earlier detergent tablets like Salvo launched in 1960, which dissolved in water but lacked the multi-chamber design of modern pods for phased release of components.^[69] While effective for stain removal and fabric care, pods have faced safety challenges, including accidental ingestion incidents prompting redesigns with bitter coatings by 2015.^[70] In biomedical applications, PODS (Prolonged Delivery of Signaling molecules) crystals enable controlled, long-term release of growth factors for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, forming protein-based microcrystals that dissolve gradually over weeks or months without initial bursts.^[71] This technology, developed for precise spatial and temporal delivery, supports applications in wound healing and organoid cultures by maintaining bioactive gradients, outperforming traditional encapsulation methods prone to degradation.^[71] Similarly, POD Packing Coils, used in neurovascular embolization since around 2010, provide dense packing for aneurysm occlusion, with soft, helical designs minimizing recanalization risks compared to standard coils.^[72] Cleanroom pods in pharmaceutical and biotech manufacturing offer modular, ISO-certified enclosures for sterile processing, deployed by firms like Pfizer since the early 2020s to accelerate vaccine and drug production with reduced contamination risks and faster setup times versus traditional facilities.^[73] These prefabricated units, often 20-40 feet in length, integrate HVAC, lighting, and utilities for flexibility in scaling operations amid supply chain demands.^[73]

References

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The meaning of POD is an elongated dry fruit that develops from one or more carpels of a flower, splits open along a seam, and contains seeds that may be ...
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Pod Definition and Examples - Biology Online Dictionary
Jul 24, 2022 · 1. A leguminous fruit. A two-valved seed Vessel. A dehiscent fruit or pericarp containing multiple seeds. Verb: To produce pods; to swell like a pod.
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The legume pod is a one-celled seed container formed by two sealed parts called valves. Legume pods always split along the seam which connects the two valves.
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A group of dolphins is called a pod. Pods can gather to form superpods of 100 or even several thousand dolphins.
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A pod is the next level of social structure observed in resident whales of the North Pacific. A pod contains a group of related matrilines that travel together.
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AirPods 4 with Active Noise Cancellation and Charging Case (USB-C) Connectivity Bluetooth 5.3 wireless technology
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LITENING is an electro-optical/infrared targeting pod that detects, acquires, identifies and tracks targets at extended ranges.
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The Scalable Open Architecture Reconnaissance (SOAR) pod provides long-range detection, identification, and location of radar and communication signals of ...
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Small driverless vehicles. Capacities typically range from two to six passengers; Vehicles are electrically propelled and may obtain power from on-board ...
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Rating 5.6/10 (6,964) Set in the very near future world where AI is all the rage and technology has trumped nature in nearly every aspect of life, The Pod Generation follows Rachel ( ...Plot · Release info · Official Trailer · User reviews
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11-day delivery 14-day returnsPod, the 1990 debut featuring the line-up of Pixie's Kim Deal, Throwing Muses' Tanya Donelly, the Perfect Disaster's Josephine Wiggs and Slint's Britt ...
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The Breeders: Pod Album Review | Pitchfork
Sep 13, 2020 · Released amid the bursting buds of May 1990, Pod is vividly sensual and sexual without being sexy in an alluring sense, like the music of the era's biggest pop ...
[58]
“Over My Hot Head, The Wire Was Sparking”: The Breeders' Pod At 30
May 20, 2020 · And Cobain chose him because he produced one of his favorite albums, Pod, the debut from Kim Deal's The Breeders. At one time, they were a band ...
[59]
Pod - Song by Tenacious D - Apple Music
Pod song by Tenacious D. Pod. The Pick of Destiny Tenacious D November 14, 2006. Preview. Lyrics. 'Cause it's the pick of destiny, child. You know we will be ...
[60]
What is a Pod House? Cost, Types & Benefits | Factory Direct
Apr 23, 2025 · A Pod House is essentially a prefabricated modular unit. Over 90% of the structure is built in the factory, ensuring certified quality and ...<|separator|>
[61]
Modular Pods - Natural Building Blog
This design connects three hexagonal pods or modules that can be arranged in various configurations using more or fewer pods.
[62]
Volumetric, Pod, or Panel? How Logic is positioned to meet a ...
Clients are asking for pod-and-panel arrangements—bathroom or kitchen pods integrated with panelized walls and floors. They want configurability ...
[63]
Modular Plans for ORCA POD Prefab Homes
Choose a model. Pick the ideal pod for your needs · Designed to Perform: Eco-Friendly Modular Pods Blending Comfort, Sustainability, and Innovative Construction.
[64]
Living in Pods: The Charm of Minimal and Portable Housing
Mar 14, 2023 · The SeaPods, designed by architect Koen Olthuis, are interesting examples of small houses that rest on a steel pillar with three floating ...
[65]
Modern Pod House: What You Need to Know - Glitzcamp
Apr 22, 2025 · The modern pod house is a modern housing style. Known for its prefabricated modularity, its prefab units are usually made in advance in a factory.
[66]
G-Pod Americas Designs Modular Buildings for the Future
Nov 16, 2022 · G-Pod Americas is pushing the boundaries of how we think about modular construction and bringing a new product to the market that accounts for the future.
[67]
What Is a Modular Building? - Pod Space
Discover what a modular building is and explore Pod Space's bespoke modular garden rooms and office pods, built to last.
[68]
Our Heritage - Learn About Tide's History
Tide began with Project X in the 1930s, launched in 1946, introduced Tide liquid in 1984, and Tide PODS in 2012. Tide has been around for over 75 years.
[69]
How did those nifty Tide Pods come to be? - WCPO
Sep 21, 2016 · One dose, three chambers, eight years and 50 patents: Thats all it took bring P&Gs Tide Pods product to life in 2012.
[70]
The Problem With Laundry Detergent Pods - Consumer Reports
Jul 16, 2015 · Since single-load laundry detergent pods hit the mainstream market in early 2012, two things have become clear: The product is a convenient, ...
[71]
The PODS® revolution of growth factor delivery
Jul 28, 2025 · PODS are protein-based micro crystals for controlled release of growth factors, transforming protein delivery with precise spatial and temporal ...
[72]
Ruby, POD, and POD Packing Coil: Dedicated Devices for Different ...
The three coil technologies that make up the embolisation system are Ruby Coil, POD, and POD Packing Coil. All three technologies are large-volume coils.
[73]
Cleanroom Pods are Reshaping Pharma & Biotech Manufacturing
May 5, 2025 · Leading biopharmaceutical manufacturers like Pfizer and Merck have already leveraged cleanroom pod technology for some of their products.<|separator|>