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Sim

A sim, short for Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), is a compact that securely stores a mobile subscriber's unique identifier, authentication keys, contacts, and text messages, enabling authentication and connection to cellular networks such as , , and . Developed in the early 1990s as part of the standard by (ETSI) in collaboration with manufacturers, the SIM revolutionized mobile portability by allowing users to switch devices while retaining their phone number and service without network reprovisioning. Physical SIM cards, typically measuring 25 mm × 15 mm in mini form or smaller variants like micro-SIM and nano-SIM, contain an with and a running a card operating for secure handling. While traditionally removable for easy transfer between devices, the technology has evolved to include embedded SIMs (eSIMs), which are integrated directly into hardware and remotely provisioned over-the-air, reducing physical and enhancing security against loss or . SIMs underpin global mobile connectivity for billions of devices, though they have faced challenges like vulnerability to SIM attacks and exploits, prompting ongoing advancements in and biometric integration.

Technology and computing

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) is an inserted into devices to securely store a subscriber's unique identifiers and cryptographic keys, enabling and secure access to cellular networks. Developed under the standard by the , the SIM facilitates user identification without transmitting sensitive data over the air, relying instead on challenge-response protocols to verify legitimacy. Introduced with the commercial rollout of networks in 1991, it marked a shift from analog systems by embedding subscriber data in tamper-resistant hardware, supporting billing, roaming, and encryption for voice and data services. Core to the SIM's operation is the storage of the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), a 15-digit number comprising the Mobile Country Code (MCC, 3 digits), Mobile Network Code (MNC, 2-3 digits), and Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (MSIN, remaining digits), which uniquely identifies the subscriber globally. Paired with the IMSI is the Authentication Key (Ki), a 128-bit secret value stored in the SIM's read-only memory (ROM) and mirrored in the network's Home Location Register (HLR), never transmitted during use to prevent interception. The SIM also holds the Integrated Circuit Card Identifier (ICCID), an 18-20 digit serial number for card tracking. Authentication occurs via a mutual challenge-response : the network generates a 128-bit (RAND) and sends it to the device; the SIM processes RAND with Ki using the A3 algorithm to produce a 32-bit Signed Response (SRES), which is compared against the network's computation, while the A8 algorithm derives a 64-bit (Kc) for ciphering communications via the A5 . This process, repeated for each connection, ensures only authorized gain access, thwarting attempts unless both Ki and algorithms are compromised. Beyond security, provide limited user storage, typically holding up to 250 contacts in name-number pairs and a small number of messages (often 20-50, depending on capacity), though modern devices prioritize internal or for these due to SIM constraints. Physical form factors have evolved to match shrinking device designs while maintaining electrical contacts and functionality: the original full-size SIM (85.6 mm × 53.98 mm, credit-card dimensions) gave way to the mini-SIM (25 mm × 15 mm) around 1996 for early phones, followed by the micro-SIM (15 mm × 12 mm) in 2010 with the , the nano-SIM (12.3 mm × 8.8 mm) in 2012 with the , and embedded SIMs (eSIMs) standardized by in 2016 as reprogrammable chips integrated into hardware, eliminating physical cards for and multi-profile support. Each iteration retains via adapters or standardized interfaces defined in specifications, with eSIMs enabling remote provisioning but requiring hardware to store profiles.

Simulation and simulators

A sim, short for , denotes a computerized of a real-world object, , or , often used interchangeably with "simulator" in contexts. This abbreviation appears in fields like , , and , where "SIM" or "sim" signifies tools modeling dynamic processes. Computer executes mathematical models on to replicate the or predict outcomes of physical, biological, or , enabling without real-world experimentation. These models rely on algorithms solving differential equations or probabilistic methods, with accuracy depending on input and computational power; for instance, early simulations in the used analog computers for , evolving to by the for broader applications. Simulations classify into discrete-event types, where system states change at specific instants (e.g., queueing models in ); continuous types, tracking smooth variable evolution (e.g., ); agent-based types, simulating autonomous entities' interactions (e.g., economic market models); and methods, using random sampling for . Each type suits distinct causal structures: discrete-event for event-driven processes, continuous for differential equations, and agent-based for emergent behaviors from individual rules. Simulators implement these models as specialized software or hardware, such as flight training devices certified under FAA standards since 1929, which integrate real-time physics engines for pilot skill development. Other examples include weather prediction models processing atmospheric data via numerical integration and crash-test simulations evaluating vehicle safety through finite element analysis, reducing physical prototypes by up to 90% in automotive design. Tools like MATLAB with Simulink extension, introduced in 1984 and widely adopted by 2025, facilitate hybrid simulations combining continuous and discrete elements for engineering validation. Early systems like GPSS (1961) pioneered event-scheduling for business processes, influencing modern discrete simulation frameworks. Validation remains critical, as uncalibrated models can propagate errors, underscoring the need for empirical benchmarking against observed data.

Other technical terms

Security information management (SIM) encompasses the automated collection, aggregation, and analysis of log data from devices, servers, and applications to detect anomalies, compliance issues, and potential security incidents. This process typically involves centralizing disparate log sources into a for monitoring and historical , enabling organizations to respond to threats before they escalate. SIM systems emerged in the early as standalone tools but have largely evolved into components of broader (SIEM) platforms, which integrate event correlation for enhanced threat detection. In time metrology and standards, SIM refers to the Sistema Interamericano de Metrología, a regional framework where the synchronizes atomic clocks across 15 national institutes in the , achieving sub-nanosecond accuracy for applications in , GPS, and scientific . Operational since 2009, this network uses GPS satellite links and two-way time transfers to compute time differences, supporting UTC dissemination and reducing reliance on distant primary standards like those in or . Such infrastructure underpins precise timing in systems, including financial transactions and network protocols.

Organizations

Missionary and religious groups

SIM, an international interdenominational evangelical organization, was founded in 1893 as the Sudan Interior Mission to evangelize the interior regions of beyond coastal areas already reached by other missions. The organization originated from the vision of Canadians Walter Gowans and Rowland Bingham, joined by American Thomas Kent, who sailed to with the goal of reaching an estimated 60 million people in the Soudan region. The pioneers arrived in , Nigeria, on December 4, 1893, marking the start of operations amid challenges including disease, with Gowans and Kent dying shortly after arrival, leaving Bingham to establish the mission's foundation. Over the subsequent decades, SIM expanded from its African focus, entering in 1928 and later branching into , , , and other regions, reflecting a shift from Sudan-specific work to global outreach. In 1982, the name was simplified to SIM to accommodate broader international activities, and by 2000, it adopted "Serving In Mission" as a in English-speaking countries while retaining SIM officially worldwide. Today, SIM comprises a global family of over 4,000 workers from more than 70 nations, serving in excess of 70 countries across 10 regions including , East and , , Pacific , , , the , South and , and the , and . Its ministries emphasize , discipleship, mobilization of local workers, and among least-reached communities, refugees, migrants, and rural populations, in partnership with evangelical churches. A distinct entity, the Society of Indian Missions (SIM), operates as a Christian focused on serving Native American communities in the United States and since its establishment in 1951. This group conducts faith-based outreach tailored to indigenous populations, differing from the international SIM's broader global scope.

Professional and industry associations

The Society for Information Management (SIM) is a nonprofit dedicated to senior executives, founded in 1968 and headquartered in . It comprises over 4,500 members, primarily chief information officers, IT directors, and other high-level technology leaders from organizations spanning multiple industries with significant technology expenditures. SIM emphasizes peer networking, leadership cultivation, and knowledge sharing to address evolving IT management demands. SIM structures its operations around a national framework supported by local in over 40 major U.S. metropolitan areas, enabling region-specific events, roundtables, and collaborations. These host monthly meetings, annual conferences, and initiatives like charity fundraisers, fostering direct exchanges among executives on topics such as and cybersecurity. Nationally, SIM facilitates specialized programs including the Advanced Practices Council for in-depth research on IT governance and the SIM Research Institute for actionable studies on technology trends, drawing from member surveys and expert input. The SIM Leadership Institute delivers targeted training, such as cohorts and regional leadership forums, aimed at enhancing skills in strategic IT and . Complementing these efforts, the SIM Foundation channels member toward education, distributing over $1.5 million annually to related nonprofits through chapter-driven grants and events. SIM (SIMI), an affiliated global arm, convenes IT executives, academics, and consultants for discussions on cross-border issues, extending the association's influence beyond the U.S. In addition to SIM, smaller professional groups bear the SIM acronym, such as the Social Issues in Management division of the , which focuses on ethical and societal dimensions of business practices through academic research and conferences. The Interim Managers Association (Stowarzyszenie Interim Managerów, or SIM) in certifies and trains professionals in temporary executive roles, promoting standards in the interim management sector since its establishment. These entities, while niche, contribute to specialized in their respective domains.

Commercial entities

SimCorp A/S, founded in 1971 and headquartered in , , develops and provides integrated platform technology and services to asset managers, banks, pension funds, and other financial institutions worldwide. The company's core offering, SimCorp Dimension, supports end-to-end processes including front-office portfolio management, middle-office risk and performance analysis, and back-office operations such as accounting, compliance, and reporting. As of recent reports, SimCorp employs hundreds of professionals across multiple continents and partners with leading financial entities to handle complex, data-intensive workflows in the buy-side sector. Other smaller commercial entities bearing the "Sim" name include SIM Enterprises, a Manitoba-based firm established with over 40 years of experience in custom fabrication, , and service installations for industrial applications. Similarly, S.I.M. Inc., operational since 1972 in , specializes in multidisciplinary training services for corporate clients, leveraging a team with expertise in various sectors to deliver tailored programs. These entities operate primarily in niche markets, contrasting with SimCorp's scale in .

People

Individuals with surname Sim

(9 October 1900 – 19 August 1976) was a Scottish who began his career in 1930 and appeared in films from 1935, gaining recognition for eccentric roles in British cinema, including in the 1951 adaptation of . (born 17 May 1956) is a Canadian and self-publisher renowned for creating the 300-issue series (1977–2004), which pioneered independent comics production and artistic experimentation in the medium. Ken Sim (born 18 October 1970) is a Canadian businessman and politician who has served as the 41st mayor of since November 2022, following his election on 15 October 2022 as leader of the party, focusing on public safety and housing initiatives. (1955 – 4 January 2023) was a Singaporean entrepreneur who founded in 1981 and led it as chairman and CEO until his death, revolutionizing personal with the Sound Blaster audio card launched in 1989, which captured over 60% by the mid-1990s. Sheila Sim (1922–2016), born Sheila Beryl Grant Sim, was an English actress active from the 1940s to 1960s, appearing in films like Waterloo Road (1944) and married to Alastair Sim from 1936 until his death.

Given name or mononym Sim

Sim is a masculine given name, primarily a diminutive of Simon, derived from the Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן (Shimʿon), meaning "he (God) has heard" or "to hear". In Scottish Gaelic contexts, it is interpreted as "the listener". The name appears in English, Scottish, and Dutch records as a short form of the biblical name Simeon or Simon, with early usage tied to medieval personal names. Historically uncommon as a standalone , Sim first appeared in U.S. records in 1880 and reached its highest popularity ranking of 833 in 1918, reflecting limited but persistent use primarily among boys. It remains rare today, often functioning as a rather than a primary name, though it occurs independently in various cultures, including occasional or variants unrelated to the Hebrew root. Notable individuals bearing Sim as a given name include (born June 2, 1992), a Canadian professional basketball player of Sikh descent who in 2014 became the first player of South Asian origin to sign a contract with an NBA team, the . As a , Sim was the professional name of French comedian and actor Simon Jacques Eugène Berryer (July 21, 1926 – September 6, 2009), known for his work in film and theater, including roles in over 50 movies.

Places

Geographical locations

Sim is a town in Ashinsky District of , , situated on the banks of the Sim River approximately 340 km west of , with an estimated population of 12,419 in 2024. Founded in 1759, it serves as an administrative center in the Southern region. The Sim River is a waterway originating in the and flowing through and the Republic of Bashkortostan in , ultimately joining the Belaya River as part of the River basin. Sim Lake refers to at least two bodies of water in , : one at 55° 27′ 18″ N, 104° 42′ 36″ W, and another at 58° 12′ 46″ N, 106° 49′ 31″ W.

Administrative divisions

Sim is a and the administrative center of Sim Urban Settlement (Симское городское поселение) within Ashinsky Municipal District of , . This constitutes a municipal incorporating the and adjacent rural localities. Situated on the Sim River, approximately 340 kilometers west of , the spans an elevation of about 200 meters. Its estimated population was 12,419 as of 2024, reflecting a -1.5% annual change from 2021 to 2024 based on official extrapolations. The settlement's governance is handled by local administration focused on urban services, infrastructure, and regional integration within the broader oblast framework.

Arts, entertainment, and media

Video games and simulations

The "Sim" series refers to a line of video games developed by Maxis Software, where "Sim" abbreviates "" to denote titles modeling real-world systems and . Beginning with in 1989, a in which players act as mayors constructing and managing urban infrastructure amid emergent events like disasters, the series pioneered open-ended gameplay. Maxis expanded the formula across ecological and social themes, with titles published primarily for personal computers. Key entries include SimEarth: The Living Planet (1990), simulating global biogeochemical cycles and human impacts on ; SimAnt (1991), a behavioral model of survival against threats like humans and spiders; SimLife (1992), focused on genetic and design; and SimFarm (1993), depicting agricultural operations influenced by and . These games emphasized causal chains from player choices to systemic outcomes, often incorporating educational elements drawn from scientific principles without prescriptive narratives. The Sims (2000), shifting to household management and interpersonal dynamics, marked the series' commercial breakthrough, enabling customization of virtual inhabitants—termed "Sims"—in pursuits of needs like career advancement, relationships, and home-building. Developed amid ' financial strains post-1997 acquisition by , it evolved into a multimedia franchise with sequels like (2004), (2009), and (2014), the latter receiving ongoing updates including expansion packs as of 2025. Later simulations, such as (2008) tracing evolution from cellular to interstellar scales, extended the "Sim" ethos but diverged from strict prefix usage. The series' influence persists in the broader simulation genre, though critiques note simplifications in causal modeling for accessibility.

Music and bands

SiM (Silence iz Mine) is a band formed in 2004 in Shonan, . The group fuses , , , , and elements, creating a high-energy sound characterized by aggressive riffs, rap-infused vocals, and rhythmic grooves. Current members include vocalist and founder MAH (Gakuto Taniguchi), guitarist and keyboardist SHOW-HATE (Shohei Iida, joined 2006), bassist SiN (Shin'ya Shinohara, joined 2009), and drummer GODRi (Yuya Taniguchi). Their discography features albums like Pandora (2013) and The Beautiful People Are Going to Heaven (2017), with the band achieving three top 10 albums and five top 40 radio singles in . The band's international breakthrough came with "The Rumbling," the opening theme for the final season of the anime , released in March 2022; the track exceeded 200 million Spotify streams by 2023. Other notable releases include "UNDER THE TREE" (2023 full-length version) and "CHAMPiONS" (2024, tied to the ALGS esports championship). SiM maintains an active presence through tours, merchandise, and videos emphasizing themes of resilience and anti-war sentiment.

Film, television, and literature

''SIM'' is a 2013 Malayalam-language film directed by and starring and . The title is an acronym for "Sorry I Am Mad," and the story centers on a villager who turns to to find an ideal wife, leading to comedic mishaps. The film received mixed reviews, with critics noting its lighthearted take on rural-urban contrasts but critiquing the script's bland humor. In , ''I Am Sleepless: Sim 299'' (2021) is the in Johan Twiss's series, depicting a young protagonist, , who enters advanced simulations to uncover secrets amid a war between humans and genetically modified Splicers. The explores themes of , , and conflict resolution through virtual worlds. ''The Terrible Privacy of Maxwell Sim'' (2010) is a by following the titular character, a divorced salesman on a selling teeth-whitening products, as he confronts personal isolation and familial estrangement in contemporary . The work blends satire and introspection, drawing on influences like real-life events and literary nods to probe modern disconnection.

Transportation

Vehicle models and manufacturers

Simca was a French automobile manufacturer established on November 15, 1934, as a subsidiary of Fiat S.p.A. under the name Société Industrielle de Mécanique et Carrosserie Automobile (SIMCA), initially focused on assembling and distributing Fiat vehicles in France to circumvent import tariffs. The company was led from July 1935 to May 1963 by Italian industrialist Henri Théodore Pigozzi, who expanded operations by licensing Fiat designs and adapting them for the French market, producing models such as the Simca-Fiat 6CV and later the Simca 5 bus. Post-World War II, Simca emerged as France's second-largest automaker by production volume, trailing only Renault, with output reaching approximately 100,000 vehicles annually by the mid-1950s through popular models like the Simca Aronde (introduced 1951, featuring a 1,221 cc inline-four engine producing 45 horsepower) and the Vedette (a larger sedan with an overhead-valve V8 derived from Ford's flathead design, built under license). The firm innovated with front-wheel-drive prototypes and expanded internationally, notably licensing production in Brazil from 1958, where the Simca Jamboree and later Chambord models incorporated a 4.8-liter hemispherical-head V8 engine yielding 142 horsepower by 1963. Simca's engineering emphasized affordability and reliability, with the 1955 Simca Vedette producing over 50,000 units in its first year, though quality control issues and competition from established rivals like Citroën limited long-term market share. In 1963, Corporation acquired a controlling stake in for $42.5 million, integrating it into its European operations and models like the (a rear-engined launched in 1961 with a 777 engine delivering 34 horsepower, selling over 1 million units by 1978) as the Chrysler Simca 1000 in export markets. Further models included the 1100 series (1967, transverse-engine front-drive compact with ) and the 1300/1500 (1975, derived from Europe's platforms). By the early 1970s, full ownership led to rebranding as in 1977, phasing out the Simca name after producing the final Horizon model in 1979, with total Simca-branded output exceeding 5 million vehicles over its independent era. The marque's decline reflected broader challenges in the European auto industry, including rising fuel costs and Japanese competition, rather than inherent design flaws.

Transportation systems

Sim is a groupage freight transportation designed for small and medium-sized forwarders, facilitating less-than-truckload shipments through , daily between partners. Established on January 1, 2020, by sim cargo in , it emphasizes efficient transit times, low costs, and by linking major economic regions via . The spans 37 countries, supported by 18 regional transshipment points and over 260 affiliated forwarders, with approximately 60 international partners handling standard, special, and additional services such as express or temperature-controlled shipments. In 2022, Austrian logistics provider cargo-partner offered to acquire one-third of Sim to expand its capabilities, highlighting the 's role in enhancing groupage efficiency for mid-sized operators. Unlike larger consolidated carriers, Sim prioritizes flexibility and to minimize handling and delays, operating primarily within without extending to intercontinental services.

Other uses

Acronyms in science and military

In scientific contexts, SIM most commonly denotes Selected Ion Monitoring, a targeted mode in where the instrument focuses on specific ions of interest to enhance sensitivity and reduce noise, often used in of trace compounds in complex samples such as environmental or pharmaceutical matrices. This technique, integral to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) workflows, allows for precise detection limits down to parts per trillion by scanning only predefined mass-to-charge ratios rather than full spectra. Another application is Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM), a method that exceeds the limit of light by illuminating samples with patterned light to reconstruct finer details, achieving resolutions up to twice that of conventional wide-field ; it has been widely adopted since the early 2000s for live-cell imaging in . In microbiology, SIM refers to Sulfur Indole Motility medium, a test tube used to assess bacterial production of , from , and flagellar , with results interpreted via color changes (e.g., black precipitate for H2S) and growth patterns; this has been a standard lab protocol since at least the mid-20th century. In military applications, SIM stands for Serialized Item Management, a U.S. Department of Defense practice for tracking serialized assets like weapons and electronics throughout their lifecycle to ensure accountability, maintenance scheduling, and sustainment data generation via Life-Cycle Item Management systems; implemented under DoD logistics policies, it integrates with enterprise resource planning to minimize losses and optimize readiness as of the 2010s. Historically, SIM designated intelligence services such as Italy's Servizio Informazioni Militari (1925–1945), which handled espionage and counterintelligence during World War II, and Spain's Servicio de Información Militar (1937–1939) under the Republican government, focused on wartime operations amid the Spanish Civil War. In simulation and modeling, SIM appears in terms like Simulation Management or Sensor Interaction Model within U.S. Army training systems, supporting virtual exercises for tactics development since the 1990s, though often as part of broader acronyms like SIMITAR for simulation-in-training applications.

Miscellaneous abbreviations and terms

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM): In mobile telecommunications, SIM refers to a removable smart card that authenticates a user's identity on a cellular network by storing the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI), authentication keys, and other subscription data; introduced commercially in 1991 by GSM standards, it enables secure network access and portability of phone numbers across devices. Security Information Management (SIM): In cybersecurity, SIM denotes a system or process for aggregating, correlating, and analyzing log data from network devices, applications, and hosts to identify potential threats, predating modern SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) tools which expanded on it by the early 2000s. Society for Information Management (SIM): SIM is the acronym for a global professional network established in 1968, comprising over 5,000 executives focused on advancing information technology leadership through research, networking, and education programs. In linguistic notation, "sim." abbreviates "similar" or "simile," used in scholarly texts to denote resemblance or figurative comparison, as documented in standard English dictionaries since the mid-20th century.

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