String Driven Thing
String Driven Thing is a Scottish folk rock band formed in Glasgow in 1967 and originally led by the married couple Chris Adams (guitar and vocals) and Pauline Adams (vocals and percussion).[1][2] The band began as a psychedelic folk-pop trio with guitarist John Mannion, releasing a self-titled debut album in 1970 on the independent Concorde Records label.[3] In 1971, String Driven Thing signed with the progressive rock-oriented Charisma Records, relocating to London and expanding their lineup to include violinist Grahame Smith, which added a distinctive electric violin sound to their folk rock style.[4][2] Their 1972 self-titled Charisma debut album featured the single "Circus," which achieved minor chart success in the UK, and the band toured extensively with prominent acts such as Genesis, Lindisfarne, and Van der Graaf Generator during the early 1970s progressive rock boom.[1][2] Following the release of their second Charisma album, The Machine That Cried (1973), and a third, Please Mind Your Head (1974)—the latter featuring guest vocals from Kim Beacon—Chris and Pauline Adams left the band in 1974 amid personal and professional challenges, including a health incident during a tour.[1][2] The group disbanded shortly thereafter, though Chris Adams pursued solo work, releasing The Damage in 1991.[5] String Driven Thing reformed in the 1990s, with a notable 1994 reunion performance leading to the live album $uicide – Live in Berlin, and a more stable lineup in 2006 that included Chris Adams, Rob Adams (bass), Andy Allan (guitar), and longtime drummer Dick Drake, resulting in the studio album Moments of Truth, their first new material in over three decades.[1][2] Chris Adams passed away on October 7, 2016, after which Pauline Adams continued as a key figure in the band's legacy.[1] The band maintained activity into the 2020s, with tributes to departed members like drummer Dick Drake (who served nearly 20 years and died in 2025) and the 2024 release of Chris Adams' memoir Heartfeeder – The Memoirs of a Forgotten Folk Rocker, a posthumously completed account of the band's evolution available through the official website and Amazon.[6][7][8] As of 2025, String Driven Thing remains associated with prog folk and progressive rock genres, with an enduring discography of studio albums, compilations, and live recordings spanning their intermittent career.[1][9]History
Formation (1967–1971)
String Driven Thing was formed in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1967 as a folk trio by the husband-and-wife team of Chris Adams on guitar and vocals and Pauline Adams on vocals and percussion, joined by multi-instrumentalist John Mannion on guitar, bass, and percussion.[10][11] The group's early sound emphasized close vocal harmonies and acoustic arrangements, drawing from British folk traditions while incorporating original songwriting by Adams.[10] The band quickly established itself through performances in Scottish clubs and at local folk festivals, where their intimate acoustic sets resonated with audiences seeking authentic, harmony-driven folk music.[10] Notable early appearances included gigs in Paisley-area venues and a slot at the First Scottish Blues and Progressive Festival at Caledonian Football Park in Inverness on July 18, 1970.[10][2] Between 1968 and 1969, String Driven Thing recorded initial demos and honed their repertoire through consistent local engagements, building a grassroots following in the Scottish folk scene without venturing far from their acoustic roots.[12] In 1970, the trio released their self-titled debut album, String Driven Thing, on the independent Concord label in a limited pressing of approximately 100 copies.[13] Produced as a showcase for their folk-oriented material, the record featured twelve original songs penned by Chris Adams, including the harmonious ballads "All Things Come" and "Till the Twelfth of Never," alongside tracks like "July Morning" and "Magic Garden" that highlighted the band's blend of melody and introspection.[13][10] This rare release captured the essence of their early acoustic phase before any later explorations into electric instrumentation.Charisma era and touring (1972–1975)
In 1972, String Driven Thing relocated from Glasgow to London, marking a pivotal shift in their career as they embraced a more electric folk-rock sound infused with progressive elements. This transformation was catalyzed by the addition of classically trained violinist Grahame Smith, whose virtuoso playing added dynamic layers to their performances, evolving their acoustic roots into a fuller, more amplified style suitable for larger venues. The band's core duo of Chris Adams on vocals and guitar and Pauline Adams on vocals and percussion remained central, with Smith's contributions helping to bridge folk traditions and rock experimentation.[14][2][15] That same year, the band signed with Charisma Records, the progressive label founded by Tony Stratton-Smith, following a standout performance at Glasgow's Burns Howff pub. Their major-label debut, the self-titled album String Driven Thing, was produced by Shel Talmy and released on Charisma (CAS 1062), featuring tracks such as "Another Night in This Old City" that showcased their blend of introspective lyrics and energetic arrangements. The album received positive reviews for its lively folk-rock energy, with the single "Circus" charting modestly in the lower reaches of the UK singles list. Building on this momentum, they issued the single "It's a Game" in 1973, a Chris Adams composition that gained radio play but failed to chart significantly—though it later achieved greater success when covered by the Bay City Rollers, reaching number 5 in the UK in 1977. Their second Charisma album, The Machine That Cried (CAS 1070), followed in August 1973, inspired partly by Chris Adams' hospitalization from a collapsed lung during prior tours; it included the title track and further highlighted the violin-driven progressive folk sound.[14][1][15][2] The Charisma era propelled String Driven Thing into an intensive touring schedule, elevating their profile through support slots for labelmates like Lindisfarne and Genesis. They opened for Genesis on the UK leg of the Foxtrot tour in late 1972 and joined the band's first North American dates in early 1973, including a notable performance at New York City's Philharmonic Hall on December 13, 1972, despite logistical challenges and Adams' recent health scare. This exposure led to headlining gigs at UK clubs and theaters, as well as European tours that expanded their audience across the continent. Bassist Colin Wilson, who had joined prior to the 1972 album, provided rhythmic stability during these high-energy shows, contributing to the band's reputation for engaging live sets blending folk melodies with rock intensity.[14][2][15] By 1974, internal pressures mounted as Chris and Pauline Adams departed due to the rigors of constant touring and health concerns, leading to a reconfigured lineup with vocalist Kim Beacon, guitarist Alun Roberts, bassist James Exel, drummer Colin Fairley, and continued input from Grahame Smith on violin. This iteration released Please Mind Your Head (CAS 1097) in November 1974, shifting toward a more pop-oriented rock sound while retaining some progressive flourishes, with singles like "Mrs. O'Reilly" attempting to broaden their commercial appeal. The band's final album, Keep Yer 'And On It (CAS 1112), arrived in 1975, featuring Beacon's soulful vocals and tracks such as "Stand Back in Amazement," but it was overshadowed by strains during their 1975 US tour, where poor management, grueling schedules, and lineup tensions exacerbated the challenges of international promotion, signaling the end of their initial active phase.[2][1][15][16]Hiatus and early reformations (1976–2000)
Following the challenges encountered during their 1975 American tour, including logistical difficulties and overall band fatigue, String Driven Thing officially disbanded, marking the end of their initial active phase.[17] Chris Adams, who had already stepped away earlier due to health concerns, cited additional frustrations with management and the record label as contributing factors to the dissolution.[18] With the departure of key members like the Adams couple, the remaining lineup pursued separate endeavors; Grahame Smith joined Van der Graaf Generator in 1977, while Kim Beacon released solo albums and contributed to Tony Banks' [A Curious Feeling](/page/A_Curious Feeling) that same year.[10] Chris Adams, in particular, shifted focus to non-musical pursuits, opening a recording studio and launching a taxi company in Glasgow, supplemented by royalties from the Bay City Rollers' 1977 hit cover of his composition "It's a Game."[18] Pauline Adams largely withdrew from musical activities during this extended hiatus, prioritizing family and personal life away from the demands of touring and recording.[2] The period from 1976 to the early 1990s saw no band activity, though Adams continued writing songs privately, maintaining a low profile in the industry. This dormancy allowed indirect influences to emerge in the folk-prog scene, where String Driven Thing's earlier blend of acoustic storytelling and progressive elements inspired subsequent acts through covers and stylistic echoes, as evidenced by the commercial success of Adams' material with pop-oriented groups like the Bay City Rollers.[18] In 1991, after 15 years of silence, Chris Adams released the solo album The Damage on World Wide Records, utilizing the String Driven Thing name as a one-off project with a minimal supporting lineup centered on his own guitar and vocal work.[5] This effort prompted a brief reformation alongside Grahame Smith, leading to select performances such as a German tour, but without Pauline Adams' participation or any commitment to full-scale operations.[18] The duo's limited outings culminated in the 1994 live release Suicide – Live in Berlin, capturing a Berlin concert but failing to spark sustained momentum.[2] Beyond these sporadic endeavors, the band produced no major releases or events through the end of the century, reflecting the challenges of reviving their 1970s Charisma-era sound amid shifting musical landscapes.[10]Revival and continuation (2001–present)
In 2001, Chris and Pauline Adams reformed String Driven Thing, drawing on their original folk-rock foundation to revive the band with fresh energy, incorporating their son Robin Adams on guitar and vocals, alongside bassist Andy Allan. Drummer Dick Drake joined in 2004, forming a stable rhythm section that supported the group's return to performing and recording after a decade of sporadic activity. This lineup emphasized Chris Adams' songwriting, blending mature introspection with the band's signature acoustic-driven sound.[2][9] The reformed ensemble released Moments of Truth in 2007 on the independent Soundseed label, a collection of ten original tracks penned primarily by Chris Adams that explored personal themes of reflection and resilience through folk-rock arrangements. Two years later, in 2009, they followed with Songs From Another Country (issued under the name String Driven due to contractual constraints) on Backshop Records, an Americana-infused album featuring songs like "Place to Lie" and "Affairs of the Heart," which delved into themes of displacement and emotional depth with a more polished, narrative style. These releases marked a committed return to independent production, prioritizing lyrical substance over commercial pressures.[19][20][21] The band's momentum faced significant setbacks with the deaths of key figures. Original bassist Colin Wilson, known for his contributions to the early Charisma-era albums, passed away at the end of 2013. Chris Adams, the band's founder and driving creative force, died on October 7, 2016, after a prolonged illness, leaving a profound void in the group's leadership and vocal presence. In tribute to Chris, his posthumously published memoir Heartfeeder: The Memoirs of a Forgotten Folk Rocker appeared in late 2024, a 300-page self-published account detailing his life, the band's evolution, and personal anecdotes from their journey.[22][18][23] Following Chris's death, Pauline Adams assumed leadership, continuing the band with violinist Grahame Smith (an original member who rejoined for select performances), Robin Adams, and Andy Allan, while honoring the legacy through occasional tributes. Dick Drake, who had anchored the rhythm section for nearly 20 years of recordings and tours, passed away on February 21, 2025, prompting heartfelt remembrances from the band that highlighted his reliable musicianship and camaraderie. Despite these losses, String Driven Thing has demonstrated resilience by maintaining an active online presence via their official website, social media, and YouTube channel, sharing archival footage, photos, and updates to connect with fans. As of November 2025, the group has focused on limited live gigs without announcing new studio albums, preserving their catalog and history amid these transitions.[7][24][6]Musical style
Folk roots and evolution
String Driven Thing originated in Glasgow in 1967 as a folk-based trio, drawing from the local folk scene with an acoustic foundation centered on guitar, percussion, and the husband-and-wife vocal harmonies of Chris and Pauline Adams, initially joined by guitarist John Mannion.[2][11] Their early performances in Paisley clubs featured psychedelic folk-pop material, emphasizing simple instrumentation and close-knit vocal interplay that reflected the British folk revival's emphasis on intimate, harmony-driven songwriting.[2][10] By 1971, the band began evolving toward a more amplified sound after relocating to London, incorporating electric guitars and the electric violin of Grahame Smith to blend traditional folk melodies with rock energy, as heard in their half-acoustic, half-electric 1972 debut album.[2][24] This shift marked a departure from their pure acoustic trio format while preserving the vocal-centric core, with the addition of Smith's violin adding a classical-tinged layer to their folk arrangements.[25] Throughout the 1970s, String Driven Thing further expanded their ensemble by integrating bass from Colin Wilson and drums, creating fuller, more dynamic folk-rock arrangements that infused their harmonies with greater rhythmic drive and intensity, evident in tracks like "Heartfeeder" from their 1973 album The Machine That Cried.[2][24] By 1975, this progression had transformed the group from a minimalist folk outfit into a robust folk-rock ensemble, retaining the Adams' signature vocal harmonies as the emotional anchor.[4] Following a hiatus in the late 1970s and sporadic reunions, the band's 2001 reformation retained its folk core, with mature lyrics exploring personal themes of lost love and broader social issues, as in songs from Moments of Truth like "Creatures of Fate" and "Guernica."[2] This revival infused their sound with added hard-rocking authority and acoustic power, and the 2009 album Songs from Another Country introduced Americana influences, evolving the style without abandoning the foundational folk elements that defined their origins.[2][21]Progressive and signature elements
Following their signing to the Charisma label in 1972, String Driven Thing incorporated progressive rock elements into their sound, including extended compositions and layered arrangements that added complexity to their folk base.[11] Violinist Grahame Smith's contributions were pivotal, with his solos providing dynamic leads and textural depth, as heard in tracks like "Heartfeeder" where his electric violin delivers intense, fiery passages.[2] These developments aligned the band with contemporaries on the Charisma roster, such as Genesis and Van der Graaf Generator—Smith himself later joined the latter—evoking a shared emphasis on intricate, atmospheric prog structures.[26] The band's signature violin-driven sound became a core identifier, distinguishing them within the progressive folk scene through Smith's use of the instrument for both melodic leads and atmospheric effects.[11] On the 1973 album The Machine That Cried, this is exemplified in the title track's opening, where a stark electric violin introduction sets a haunting tone before transitioning into vocal-driven intensity.[2] Smith's classically trained approach allowed the violin to function as a lead voice, blending seamlessly with guitars and rhythms to create a fusion that heightened the music's emotional range without overpowering the ensemble.[2] Thematic lyrics in their post-1972 work delved into introspection, personal relationships, and societal commentary, often reflecting the band's own experiences of turmoil and transition.[2] Production techniques, such as multi-tracking vocal harmonies from Chris and Pauline Adams, enhanced this depth, merging folk-prog fusion with dynamic shifts that underscored lyrical narratives of pain and resilience.[2] These elements culminated in The Machine That Cried, described as a dark, complex prog effort born from real-life frustrations during recording.[2] In their 2000s revival, String Driven Thing refined these progressive touches with cleaner production, emphasizing mature songcraft in a simplified lineup led by Chris Adams and his son Rob.[2] The 2007 album Moments of Truth explores themes of lost love and cultural icons like Kerouac and Picasso through understated power and layered acoustics, avoiding heavy experimentation in favor of reflective prog-infused folk.[2] This evolution preserved the band's distinctive sound, focusing on guitar, vocals, and rhythm amid the shift toward Americana elements in later releases.[2]Personnel
Core and current members
Pauline Adams serves as the band's co-founder and primary harmony vocalist, contributing vocals and percussion since the group's inception in 1967, with periods of activity through 1974, 1991, and continuously from 2001 to the present.[6] Raised in a Scottish folk tradition in Glasgow, she helped shape the band's early harmony-driven sound rooted in local folk circuits before its evolution into progressive folk rock.[2] Following the death of her husband and co-founder Chris Adams in 2016, Pauline has maintained leadership, providing continuity in live performances and recordings that honor the band's legacy.[18] Graham Smith has been the band's violinist from 1972 to 1975, rejoining in 1991 and remaining active since 2001, delivering the electric violin elements central to String Driven Thing's signature progressive sound.[11] A former concert violinist with experience in Scottish folk circuits, Smith's fiery and innovative playing added a distinctive edge during the Charisma Records era and has sustained the band's instrumental identity across reformations.[27] His consistent collaboration with the Adams family has been pivotal in maintaining the group's touring and recording efforts into the present day.[28] Robin Adams, son of founders Chris and Pauline Adams, joined as guitarist in 2001 and has been a mainstay ever since, infusing the revival lineup with fresh energy through his songwriting and performance style.[18] Drawing from his parents' musical heritage, he fronted tributes and tours post-2016, blending his solo folk influences with the band's established repertoire to drive contemporary live shows.[29][30] Andy Allan has provided bass support since 2001, forming the rhythmic backbone for the band's later tours and albums alongside drummers like the late Dick Drake.[6] His steady contributions have anchored the ensemble's sound during the post-millennium revival, enabling consistent performances across Europe and the UK.[2]Past members and contributions
Chris Adams served as the founder, guitarist, and lead vocalist of String Driven Thing from 1967 to 1973, with subsequent returns in 1991 and from 2001 until his death in 2016. As the primary songwriter, he shaped the band's folk-rock sound during its formative years and revival periods, leading tours and recordings that blended acoustic harmonies with progressive elements. Adams also authored the memoir Heartfeeder: The Memoirs of a Forgotten Folk Rocker, which chronicles his experiences and the band's history.[18][1][31] John Mannion contributed guitar, bass, and percussion as an early member from 1967 to 1972, forming the original folk trio alongside the Adams duo. His arrangements helped establish the band's harmony-driven style on their 1970 debut album, providing rhythmic and melodic support during their initial club performances in Scotland.[32][11][33] Colin Wilson played bass from 1971 to 1974, anchoring the rhythm section during the band's Charisma Records era and extensive touring. His contributions were pivotal on the 1974 album Please Mind Your Head, where he provided steady low-end support for the progressive folk arrangements. Following his departure, Wilson pursued session work and released a solo folk album, Cloudburst. He passed away in 2013.[32][11][34] Dick Drake handled drums from 2004 to around 2024, delivering reliable backline support for nearly two decades of live tours and studio recordings in the band's revival phase. His steady playing complemented the group's folk-rock dynamics on 2000s albums and performances. Drake died in February 2025.[7] Kim Beacon provided lead vocals from 1974 to 1975, stepping in after the Adams' departure to front the band's final Charisma lineup. His blues-inflected singing elevated tracks on Please Mind Your Head (1974), adding a rock edge to the violin-driven sound. Beacon later contributed vocals to Tony Banks' solo debut A Curious Feeling before his death in 2001.[32][11][35]Lineup timeline
String Driven Thing began as a folk-oriented trio in 1967, consisting of Chris Adams on guitar and vocals, Pauline Adams on vocals and percussion, and John Mannion on guitar, bass, and percussion, remaining in this configuration through 1971.[9][16] The band's lineup expanded in 1972 with the addition of Graham Smith on violin, marking an electric shift toward progressive folk-rock, and Billy Wilson on drums, forming a quintet that persisted until 1975 alongside the core members Chris Adams, Pauline Adams, and John Mannion.[9][16] From 1976 to 1990, the band was largely inactive, with members engaging in solo pursuits and no formal lineup.[2] A temporary reformation occurred in 1991 as a quartet featuring Chris Adams, Pauline Adams, Graham Smith, and guests including Billy Wilson on drums.[16] The band revived in 2001 as a sextet that included Chris Adams, Pauline Adams, Robin Adams (Chris's son) on guitar and vocals, Andy Allan on bass, Dick Drake on drums, and occasional additional contributors, lasting through 2013.[2][17] The lineup stabilized from 2014 to 2016, maintaining the core revival members without major changes.[9] Since 2017, after Chris Adams's death in 2016, the band has operated as a quartet led by Pauline Adams, excluding Chris Adams and later Dick Drake (who passed away in February 2025), with Robin Adams, Andy Allan, and a replacement drummer.[36][18]Discography
Studio albums
String Driven Thing's debut album, String Driven Thing, was initially released in 1970 on the independent Concord label as a limited pressing of acoustic folk material featuring original songs by Chris Adams.[13] Key tracks include "July Morning," "Say What You Like," and "Magic Garden," showcasing the trio's harmony-driven style with violin accents.[37] The band followed with a second self-titled album in 1972 on Charisma Records, featuring new material with the expanded lineup and a mix of folk and emerging rock elements.[25] The band's breakthrough came with The Machine That Cried in 1973 on Charisma, produced by Shel Talmy and emphasizing electric violin from Graham Smith alongside heavier rock arrangements.[38] Standout tracks such as "Heartfeeder" and "To See You" highlight the album's dynamic range, blending intense prog rock with folk ballads, while "Night Club" adds a jazzy edge.[39] This release marked their shift to a fuller band sound and received positive critical attention for its emotional depth. Please Mind Your Head, issued in 1974 on Charisma, continued the evolution with a rhythm section featuring bassist James Exell and drummer Billy Fairley, incorporating more driving bass lines and progressive structures.[40] Notable tracks include "Overdrive," "Mrs. O'Reilly," and "Black Eyed Queen," which explore rockier territories with violin flourishes.[41] Reviews praised its energy but noted inconsistencies in the songwriting compared to prior efforts. The final 1970s album, Keep Yer 'And On It, appeared in 1975 on Charisma, capturing a raw, straightforward rock approach amid lineup changes and touring demands.[42] Key songs like "Starving in the Tropics" and a cover of The Beatles' "Things We Said Today" reflect its energetic, no-frills vibe, tied to the band's 1975 U.S. tour supporting larger acts.[43] This release underscored their transitional phase before a hiatus.[44] After a long break, Moments of Truth emerged in 2007 on the independent Soundseed label, serving as a reflective revival with Chris Adams leading production alongside family member Robin Adams on vocals and songwriting contributions.[45] Tracks such as "Hey Jack," "Casino," and "Guernica" blend mature folk-rock introspection with personal themes, marking the band's return after over three decades.[46] Songs From Another Country, released in 2009 on Backshop Records (billed as String Driven due to contractual reasons), showcases refined Americana influences in Adams's songcraft across tracks like "Place to Lie," "Grisham Hotel," and "Affairs of the Heart."[21] This album highlights the band's continued evolution with polished arrangements and subtle guest musicianship.[47] The Steeple Claydon Tapes, released in 2015 on Ozit-Morpheus, features previously unreleased studio recordings from the mid-1970s, capturing the band's raw rock energy with tracks such as "Another Night," "Easy to Be Free," and "The Auctioneer."[48] This archival release provides insight into their transitional period post-Please Mind Your Head.[49]Singles and EPs
String Driven Thing issued a series of 7-inch singles primarily through the Charisma label in the early 1970s, often tied to album promotions, alongside an earlier release on the independent Concord label. These records blended folk-rock and progressive elements but achieved no significant commercial chart success in the UK, instead fostering a dedicated following among niche audiences. Promotional copies and demos were also produced, highlighting unreleased or alternate takes, while the band's output remained limited to short-form releases without dedicated EPs until later compilations incorporated such material. The following table summarizes the band's key UK singles, focusing on commercial and notable promo editions:| Year | A-Side | B-Side | Label | Catalog | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Another Night | Say What You Like | Concord | CON 007 | Early folk-rock single from the band's initial trio lineup, serving as a precursor to their Charisma era. |
| 1972 | Eddie | Hooked on the Road | Charisma | CB 195 | Debut Charisma single, drawing from acoustic-driven material. |
| 1972 | Circus | My Real Hero | Charisma | CB 203 | Folk-rock track with violin prominence; promo version (both sides "Circus") issued for radio play. |
| 1973 | Are You a Rock and Roller | Night Club | Charisma | CB 210 | Promo edition featured the A-side on both sides; emphasized the band's evolving rock edge. |
| 1973 | It's a Game | Are You a Rock and Roller | Charisma | CB 215 | Upbeat track later covered by the Bay City Rollers, whose 1977 version reached No. 16 on the UK Singles Chart. |
| 1974 | I'll Sing One for You | To See You | Charisma | CB 223 | Promo with A-side repeated; linked to Please Mind Your Head album promotion. |
| 1974 | Mrs. O'Reilly | Keep on Moving | Charisma | CB 239 | Promo edition available; featured orchestral touches. |
| 1975 | Overdrive | Timpani for the Devil | Charisma | CB 247 | Reflected the band's harder rock phase. |
| 1976 | But I Do | Stand Back in Amazement | Charisma | CB 276 | Final era single before initial disbandment. |
| 1976 | Cruel to Fool | Josephine | Charisma | CB 286 | Closing Charisma release, with introspective lyrics. |