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Talbot-Lago

Talbot-Lago was a French luxury automobile manufacturer renowned for its high-performance sports and grand touring cars, active primarily from the 1930s to the 1950s, with roots tracing back to the late 19th century through a series of mergers and rebrandings.^[1]^[2] The company originated from A. Darracq & Cie, established in 1896 by Alexandre Darracq in Suresnes, near Paris, which initially produced bicycles, motorcycles, and then automobiles focused on racing and road use.^[3]^[4] In 1922, following financial difficulties and ownership changes, the firm was renamed Automobiles Talbot, adopting the Talbot name from the earlier British Clément-Talbot company, established in 1903.^[1]^[3] Under the leadership of Italian-born engineer and entrepreneur Antonio "Tony" Lago, who orchestrated a management buyout in 1936, the company was rebranded as Talbot-Lago and shifted toward producing elegant, bespoke vehicles with advanced engineering, including independent front suspension introduced that year.^[2]^[3] Pre-World War II models, such as the T150 series with its 4-liter inline-six engine producing around 140 horsepower, were celebrated for their Art Deco styling and custom coachwork by renowned French designers like Figoni et Falaschi and Saoutchik, often featuring aerodynamic "teardrop" bodies that blended luxury with sporting capability.^[4]^[1] Talbot-Lago also excelled in motorsport, competing successfully in Grand Prix racing against German rivals like Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union, and achieving a 1-2 finish at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1950 with its T26 Grand Sport models.^[1]^[4] Postwar production resumed in 1946 amid economic hardship, material shortages, and French regulations limiting engine sizes, with the T26 Grand Sport (1948–1951) emerging as a highlight—a handbuilt, 4.5-liter inline-six-powered coupe or cabriolet limited to about 31–35 units, emphasizing exclusivity over mass appeal.^[2]^[1] Later variants like the 1952 T26 GSL, with outputs of 195–220 horsepower and top speeds exceeding 120 mph, represented some of the final coachbuilt French luxury cars before the industry's shift to unibody construction and mass production.^[2]^[4] Despite its engineering prowess and cultural significance as a symbol of French automotive artistry, Talbot-Lago struggled with high costs, inflation, and obsolescence, ceasing operations in the early 1960s following Antonio Lago's death in 1960.^[1]^[2] The Talbot name was later revived by PSA Peugeot Citroën for unrelated economy cars in the 1970s and 1980s. Today, surviving examples are highly prized by collectors for their rarity and historical impact on luxury motoring.^[2]^[1]

Origins and Predecessors

Alexandre Darracq's Role

Alexandre Darracq, born on November 10, 1855, in Bordeaux, France, was a pioneering engineer and entrepreneur in the early automotive industry. After working as a draftsman and establishing the successful Gladiator Cycle Company in 1891, which he sold profitably in 1896, Darracq founded A. Darracq & Cie in Suresnes, a suburb of Paris, that same year.^[5]^[6] The company initially focused on manufacturing motorcycles and bicycles, including Millet motor bicycles, before briefly producing electric cars. In 1900, Darracq transitioned to automobiles, introducing chain-driven models that marked a significant shift toward internal combustion engine vehicles.^[5]^[6] Among the key early models was the 1902 7hp voiturette, a lightweight and affordable car that exemplified Darracq's emphasis on accessible mobility. The company's racing efforts gained prominence in 1903, when a Darracq entry won the Gordon Bennett Cup, boosting its reputation for performance and engineering prowess.^[5]^[6] By the 1910s, Darracq expanded into luxury and commercial vehicles, introducing innovative V8 engines that enhanced power and speed, as seen in racing prototypes reaching over 190 km/h. Production scaled, reaching peaks of around 1,500 vehicles annually pre-World War I, establishing A. Darracq & Cie as a major player in the French automotive sector.^[5]^[6] Merger discussions began in 1913 amid financial difficulties, culminating in the formation of the Sunbeam-Talbot-Darracq (STD) group in 1920, which integrated the Talbot brand from an earlier Anglo-French collaboration; Darracq retired that year. The Suresnes factory, central to Darracq's operations, provided enduring infrastructure for production and solidified the site as a cornerstone of French automotive manufacturing.^[5]^[6]

Talbot's Development in France

In 1920, the formation of STD Motors through the merger of the British Talbot and Sunbeam companies with the French Darracq firm led to the establishment of Automobiles Talbot France as the French production arm of the Talbot brand. This entity utilized the existing Suresnes factory near Paris, originally developed by Alexandre Darracq, to manufacture Talbot vehicles tailored for the French market and export.^[7]^[8] The Suresnes facility, with its established infrastructure from Darracq's pre-merger operations, enabled efficient scaling of production for sidevalve and overhead-valve engines in touring and sports configurations. The Talbot brand in France grew through a series of innovative models during the 1920s, emphasizing performance and reliability under the STD umbrella. Key offerings included the Talbot 14/45, introduced in 1926 with a 1.665-litre straight-six overhead-valve engine designed by Georges Roesch, delivering around 45 horsepower for responsive road use. Sports variants, such as high-tuned derivatives of the 14/45 series, followed in 1927, catering to enthusiasts seeking greater speed and handling. These models bridged conventional touring cars with emerging performance trends, incorporating robust four-speed gearboxes and wire-spoke wheels for versatility.^[7] Engineering advancements defined Talbot's development, with early adoption of advanced valve timing in racing prototypes during the 1920s. By the late 1920s, the focus was on robust OHV engines and conventional suspension systems, enhancing Talbot's reputation for sophisticated French engineering amid growing competition from Citroën and Peugeot.^[9]^[10] Talbot France placed significant emphasis on motorsport to promote the brand, achieving notable successes in Grand Prix events during the mid-1920s. In 1926, Talbot-Darracq entries secured first and second places at the inaugural British Grand Prix at Brooklands, with drivers Albert Divo and Henry Segrave respectively in 1.5-litre supercharged straight-eight racers. The company continued this focus into 1927, campaigning similar machinery in endurance races like Le Mans, where Talbot models demonstrated durability in class competitions despite overall wins going to Bentley. These results underscored Talbot's competitive edge in the 1.5-litre formula, with supercharged engines pushing lap records at circuits like Montlhéry.^[11]^[12] Business challenges mounted for the STD group in the early 1930s amid the Great Depression, as luxury car demand plummeted and operational costs rose across its multinational facilities. Annual production at Suresnes hovered at modest levels, typically in the low thousands, reflecting a niche market position rather than mass output. Financial strains culminated in STD's receivership in 1934, ending the collaborative era and paving the way for independent reorganization of the French Talbot operations.^[7]^[13]

Antonio Lago's Early Involvement

Antonio Franco Lago, known as "Tony" Lago, was born in Venice, Italy, in 1893 to a family involved in the theater business.^[14] Developing an early interest in engineering, he studied in Milan, where he also encountered Benito Mussolini and became one of the initial members of the fascist movement.^[14] During World War I, Lago served in the Italian Air Force, rising to the rank of major, before becoming disillusioned with fascism and leaving Italy, eventually settling in France and then England.^[15] In England, he entered the automotive sector by selling luxury Italian cars, including Isotta Fraschini models, which were renowned for their advanced engineering and opulence.^[16] In the 1920s, Lago expanded his involvement in the industry as a director of the Wilson Self-Changing Gear Company, promoting innovative epicyclic gearboxes that enhanced vehicle performance and ease of use.^[15] In 1930, he moved to France, taking on a role in sales and racing management for the Alfa Romeo Paris branch, where he facilitated the import and promotion of high-performance Italian vehicles to the French market.^[16] His passion for racing and engineering drove these efforts, as he recognized the potential of Italian designs to compete in European motorsport, laying the groundwork for his later emphasis on performance-oriented automobiles. Lago's entry into the Talbot organization came in 1932, when the struggling Sunbeam-Talbot-Darracq (STD) combine appointed him sales director for Automobiles Talbot France amid the Great Depression's impact on sales.^[3] He quickly demonstrated his capabilities by organizing Talbot's 1933 racing program, utilizing models like the Type 105 to secure competitive successes that boosted the brand's visibility.^[17] As STD faced deepening financial woes leading to receivership in 1934, Lago played a pivotal role in negotiations, leveraging his business acumen to secure control of the Suresnes factory through a management buyout in 1936, all while channeling his personal enthusiasm for high-performance engineering into revitalizing Talbot's designs.^[15]

Formation and Pre-War Developments

Reorganization under Tony Lago

In 1934, the Sunbeam-Talbot-Darracq (STD) conglomerate collapsed amid financial difficulties exacerbated by the Great Depression, leaving its French subsidiary, Automobiles Talbot at Suresnes, in limbo. Antonio Lago, an Italian-born engineer and the plant's managing director since 1932, seized the opportunity to acquire the Suresnes factory and its assets, separating the French operations from the British parent company. This move allowed Lago to preserve the Talbot brand's presence in France while Rootes Group absorbed the UK assets, including Sunbeam and Talbot London.^[18]^[19] By early 1935, Lago formalized the independent entity as Société des Automobiles Talbot S.A., with himself at the helm as managing director. Under his leadership, the company shifted toward a niche in luxury-performance automobiles, emphasizing sophisticated engineering and aesthetic appeal to compete in the premium market. Lago retained critical talent from the STD era, notably engineer Walter Becchia, who had previously contributed to Talbot's engine development at Fiat and STD; Becchia's expertise proved essential for refining supercharged inline-six engines that became hallmarks of the marque.^[20]^[21] Lago's foundational strategies centered on licensing the Talbot name exclusively for French production, prioritizing manufacturing at Suresnes to maintain national identity and quality control. This approach facilitated the introduction of "Lago"-branded models, differentiating them from British Talbots and underscoring the company's autonomous direction. To fund the transition, Lago organized financial support through his industry connections, enabling sustained operations and investment in future designs.^[22]^[23] The reorganized Talbot-Lago made its public debut at the 1935 Paris Motor Show, presenting rebadged versions of carryover models to demonstrate continuity and the promise of innovation under new ownership. This event highlighted Lago's vision for a revitalized French automaker poised for both road and racing success.^[23]

Pre-War Models and Innovations (1935–1939)

Following the reorganization under Antonio Lago, Talbot-Lago introduced its first major post-reorganization model, the T120, in 1935, featuring a 2,996 cc inline-six engine producing approximately 90 horsepower.^[24]^[25] This engine, derived from earlier Talbot designs but refined for smoother performance, powered a range of chassis lengths suited to various coachbuilders, emphasizing the marque's focus on customizable luxury grand tourers.^[26] In 1936, the T150 evolved from the T120 with an enlarged 3,994 cc inline-six engine, delivering around 140 horsepower in standard form, offering improved torque and refinement for high-speed touring.^[27]^[28] The SS (Super Sport) variants offered enhanced tuning of the inline-six powerplant, producing approximately 140 horsepower and enabling top speeds exceeding 120 mph while maintaining the inline-six's inherent balance.^[16]^[29] Talbot-Lago's engineering innovations during this period centered on advanced chassis dynamics and braking systems, setting it apart in the luxury market. All models incorporated independent front suspension using a transverse leaf spring and wishbone setup, providing superior roadholding and comfort compared to rigid axles common among contemporaries.^[26]^[30] Hydraulic drum brakes, supplied by Lockheed, were standard across the lineup, ensuring progressive stopping power and safety at elevated speeds.^[31] These features, combined with a rigid box-section steel frame, underscored Talbot-Lago's commitment to blending performance with elegance. The marque's pre-war models were renowned for their bespoke coachwork, particularly collaborations with Figoni et Falaschi, whose aerodynamic "teardrop" designs epitomized 1930s French styling flair.^[32] These flowing, low-slung bodies reduced drag and enhanced visual drama, often featuring hidden headlights and curvaceous fenders inspired by aviation aesthetics.^[33] A prime example is the 1937 T150-C-SS "Goutte d'Eau" (Teardrop) coupe, bodied by Figoni et Falaschi, which became an iconic symbol of the era's Art Deco elegance with its seamless aluminum panels and 3,995 cc engine tuned for 140 horsepower.^[34]^[35] Production remained artisanal, with annual output hovering between 200 and 300 units across the T120 and T150 series, reflecting the company's emphasis on quality over volume.^[36] Chassis prices ranged from 50,000 to 105,000 francs, positioning Talbot-Lago as a premium offering accessible to affluent buyers in France and abroad.^[36]^[37] Exports targeted the UK and US markets, where the cars appealed to enthusiasts seeking sophisticated European engineering, often rebadged or adapted for local tastes.^[36]^[38]

World War II and Post-War Restart

Impact of the War on Operations

With the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, Talbot-Lago, like other French automakers, mobilized its Suresnes factory near Paris for war production, converting operations from luxury automobiles to aircraft engines in support of the French military effort.^[39] Following the rapid German invasion and the fall of France in June 1940, the factory fell under Nazi occupation, where production continued but shifted to manufacturing aircraft engines for the German war machine, a concession enabled by company head Antonio Lago's Italian citizenship, which afforded him relative favor with the occupiers.^[40] This period brought severe operational challenges, including acute shortages of raw materials and fuel due to German requisitioning and Allied blockades, which crippled the broader French automotive sector and limited Talbot-Lago to wartime subcontracting with virtually no civilian vehicle output—only a handful of pre-war prototypes were reportedly hidden or preserved informally to avoid confiscation.^[41] As Allied forces advanced in 1944, the liberation of Paris in August brought further disruption to Talbot-Lago's operations, alongside the loss of skilled personnel who had been conscripted, deported, or fled during the occupation.^[1]

Initial Post-War Recovery Efforts

Following the liberation of France in 1944, the Talbot-Lago factory in Suresnes was available to resume operations.^[1] With the support of French government assistance for industrial reconstruction, the facility was prepared by mid-1945, allowing for the rehiring of key personnel and gradual workforce expansion to approximately 500 employees by 1946.^[18] Antonio Lago, who had managed the company during the occupation, oversaw the revival starting in 1945, leveraging his pre-war vision to guide the effort.^[1] Transitional production began cautiously in late 1945, drawing on surviving pre-war T150 chassis stocks and components to assemble limited units while new designs were finalized, as full resumption of older models was deemed unfeasible amid material shortages.^[18] By October 1946, Talbot-Lago unveiled the T26 prototype at the Paris Salon de l'Automobile, featuring an updated 4.5-liter inline-six engine derived from pre-war racing technology, marking the shift to post-war innovation.^[18] Overall output for 1946 remained constrained at around 50 units, primarily assembled from these transitional efforts, with emphasis placed on exports to generate foreign currency for further recovery.^[18] In the broader economic landscape, France's provisional government debated nationalizing key industries, including automobiles, as exemplified by Renault's seizure in January 1945 for alleged wartime collaboration; Talbot-Lago preserved its independence through Lago's direct negotiations with officials, securing raw material allocations and avoiding forced state control, despite perceptions of wartime collaboration.^[42]^[40] To rebuild brand visibility, the company entered early post-war races with modified T26 variants, achieving competitive results that underscored its engineering prowess despite limited resources.^[18]

Post-War Model Lineup

T26 Series Overview

The Talbot-Lago T26 series, introduced in 1946, represented a direct evolution of the pre-war T150 model, serving as the company's flagship chassis during the post-war era and enabling renewed production amid France's automotive recovery efforts. This platform was designed primarily as a rolling chassis adaptable for custom coachwork by leading French ateliers, emphasizing versatility for luxury road cars while incorporating engineering refinements for enhanced performance and reliability. The T26's core powerplant was a 4,482 cc inline-six engine with twin overhead camshafts, featuring an iron block and options for an aluminum cylinder head; in naturally aspirated form, it delivered up to 170 horsepower. Standard models employed wet sump lubrication for simplified maintenance, paired with a column-mounted Wilson pre-selector four-speed gearbox that facilitated smooth shifts.^[43]^[44] At its foundation, the T26 utilized a robust box-section steel frame, providing structural integrity suited to both grand touring and more demanding use.^[44] Suspension comprised independent front setup with coil springs and wishbone arms for improved handling, complemented by a live rear axle on leaf springs, all augmented by four-wheel hydraulic drum brakes to ensure safe and durable operation.^[43] These features underscored Talbot-Lago's focus on engineering longevity, allowing the chassis to withstand varied conditions while supporting bespoke body designs that defined the brand's elegance.^[45] Overall production of the T26 series spanned from 1946 to 1955, with approximately 750 units completed across its configurations, reflecting limited output typical of the artisanal French luxury sector.^[44] This modest run highlighted the model's exclusivity, positioning it as a pinnacle of post-war European engineering amid resource constraints.^[45]

Record, Grand Sport, and Baby Variants

The Talbot-Lago T26 Record, launched in late 1946, served as the flagship executive sedan of the post-war lineup, emphasizing luxury and comfort on the robust T26 chassis. This four-door saloon featured factory bodywork with ample interior space for up to seven passengers, powered by a 4.5-liter inline-six engine delivering 170 horsepower through twin carburetors. Capable of a top speed around 170 km/h, it was tailored for refined long-distance travel, reflecting Talbot-Lago's heritage in high-end transport.^[46]^[47]^[44] In 1947, the T26 Grand Sport emerged as a sportier counterpart, offering lighter two-door coupe and convertible configurations with custom coachwork from prestigious builders such as Saoutchik and Franay. Tuned to 190 horsepower from its 4.5-liter engine, it achieved top speeds nearing 200 km/h, blending performance with elegant styling influenced by pre-war teardrop aerodynamics. Approximately 30 chassis were produced, with the bare chassis priced at around 1.85 million francs in 1947, highlighting its exclusivity for bespoke commissions. Several Grand Sport examples competed at Le Mans, underscoring their dual road-and-track potential.^[48]^[49]^[50]^[51]^[52] The Talbot-Lago Baby, introduced in 1948 as a separate, more compact model to broaden market appeal, featured a 2.7-liter inline-four engine producing around 110 horsepower, with production focused on sedans and cabriolets on its own shortened chassis. This iteration prioritized accessibility while maintaining Talbot-Lago's engineering sophistication, though it saw limited success with approximately 100 units produced through 1955.^[53]

T26C Racing Models

The Talbot-Lago T26C was introduced in 1948 as a dedicated Grand Prix racing car, derived from the T26 road car platform but extensively modified for high-level competition under the prevailing Formula One regulations allowing 4.5-liter naturally aspirated engines. Powered by a 4.5-liter inline-six engine with hemispherical combustion chambers and twin overhead camshafts, the T26C delivered initial outputs of around 240 horsepower, increasing to 280 horsepower at 5,000 rpm in 1950 versions featuring twin spark plugs and revised carburetion with three Zenith units. This robust powerplant, known for its reliability and broad torque curve peaking in the mid-range, was paired with a four-speed Wilson pre-selector gearbox, enabling precise shifts without a conventional clutch during races.^[54]^[55]^[56] For enhanced aerodynamics and handling, the T26C featured a shortened wheelbase of 2,500 mm compared to the road models, a lightweight box-section steel chassis clad in aluminum bodywork, and a curb weight of approximately 950 kg, contributing to a top speed exceeding 250 km/h. The streamlined single-seater design prioritized low drag and driver visibility, with de Dion rear suspension and hydraulic drum brakes providing stability on demanding circuits. Approximately 23 chassis were constructed between 1948 and 1951, with many entering private hands and serving as customer entries in major events.^[57]^[58] The T26C competed in Formula One through the 1951 season, after which new regulations limited naturally aspirated engines to 2.5 liters, rendering the large-displacement Talbot obsolete for top-tier Grand Prix racing. Notable achievements included a podium finish at the 1949 Swiss Grand Prix, where Raymond Sommer secured third place, highlighting the car's endurance despite being outpowered by supercharged rivals like the Alfa Romeo 158. Prominent drivers such as Juan Manuel Fangio, who piloted a private T26C to victory in the 1950 Rafaela 500 Miles, and Louis Rosier, who claimed the win at the 1949 Belgian Grand Prix, and Louis Chiron at the 1949 French Grand Prix, demonstrated the model's versatility and the team's competitive spirit in the early Formula One era.^[59]^[54]^[60]

1950s Evolutions and Final Production

In the early 1950s, the Talbot-Lago T26 series underwent refinements to adapt to evolving market preferences and technical advancements. The T26 Grand Sport received body updates around 1951-1952, incorporating modernized sheet metal with smoother lines and revised grilles for a more contemporary appearance, while updated interiors featured improved upholstery and instrumentation. Approximately 100 units of these refreshed T26 variants were produced, emphasizing enhanced comfort and aesthetics without major mechanical overhauls to the established 4.5-liter straight-six engine.^[18] By 1953, the T26 Grand Sport Lago (GSL) marked a significant evolution, introducing a restyled close-coupled coupé body designed in-house by Carlo Delaisse, with pontoon-style fenders, a lengthened 9-foot-6-inch wheelbase, and coil-spring front suspension for improved handling. This model retained the potent 4,482 cc twin overhead camshaft straight-six engine, now tuned to 210 bhp at 4,500 rpm via revised camshafts, an 8:1 compression ratio, and triple Solex carburetors, enabling a top speed exceeding 120 mph. Only 19 to 21 examples of the GSL were built between 1953 and 1955, representing the pinnacle of the T26 lineup's civilian development.^[40]^[61] The introduction of the T14 LS in 1954 signified a shift toward more accessible performance, featuring a compact 2.3-liter inline-four engine derived from earlier Talbot designs and delivering approximately 100 hp for efficient grand touring. This powerplant powered the Talbot-Lago Sport coupé, built on a tubular chassis influenced by American styling trends of the era, with a focus on lighter weight and affordability compared to the larger T26; later examples used BMW-sourced engines. The T14 LS prototype debuted at the 1955 Paris Motor Show, highlighting its sleek two-seater configuration and Pont-à-Mousson four-speed gearbox, though production remained limited to 54 units through 1957.^[62]^[63] Talbot-Lago's production wound down amid intensifying competition from marques like Ferrari and Jaguar, which offered superior speed and prestige. The T26 series ceased manufacturing in 1955, with the final T14 LS examples completing the lineup; overall post-war output across models totaled around 1,000 units. The last Talbot-Lago-badged cars were sold in 1958, after which the company was acquired by Simca in 1959, effectively ending independent operations.^[18]

Business and Commercial History

Financial Challenges and Strategies

Antonio Lago, an Italian-born engineer, acquired the struggling Talbot-Darracq factory in Suresnes in 1935 by assuming an outstanding £500,000 debt owed by the previous owners, Sunbeam-Talbot-Darracq (STD) Motors, from a 1924 loan; this arrangement allowed him to gain control without injecting personal funds upfront, though it burdened the company with immediate liabilities.^[64] To restructure and eliminate further debts, Lago deliberately triggered a bankruptcy in 1936 amid widespread French labor strikes, positioning himself as the primary creditor and securing the assets debt-free, which enabled a fresh start focused on luxury sports cars.^[17] Under his leadership, Talbot-Lago achieved financial stability in the late 1930s through innovative models like the T150 series, transforming the brand into a profitable entity appealing to affluent buyers in a recovering economy.^[18] World War II halted production entirely, leaving the factory damaged and requiring extensive post-war repairs that exacerbated financial strains; by 1946, under the French government's Plan Pons, output was severely restricted to just 125 units of the new T26 Record model, with most allocated for export to generate foreign currency amid domestic shortages.^[40] These limitations, combined with high reconstruction costs and a punitive fiscal horsepower tax introduced in 1956—which made Talbot-Lago vehicles up to three times more expensive to own than competitors like Citroën—pushed the company toward insolvency, with sales plummeting from a post-war peak of 433 cars in 1950 to only 17 in 1953.^[40] Reliance on export subsidies provided temporary relief, but by 1951, mounting losses from uncompetitive models and racing commitments led to a formal bankruptcy filing, reducing annual production to around 80 units.^[18] To combat these challenges, Talbot-Lago employed racing as a core strategy for publicity and technological advancement, investing in Grand Prix and endurance efforts that yielded successes like the 1950 24 Hours of Le Mans victory, enhancing brand prestige and attracting coachbuilt commissions despite limited volumes.^[18] Partnerships with elite coachbuilders, including Figoni et Falaschi, Saoutchik, and Dubos Frères, were pivotal; by selling rolling chassis to these artisans for custom bodies, the company minimized in-house manufacturing costs while catering to high-end clients seeking bespoke luxury, a tactic that sustained operations through the 1940s and 1950s.^[65] In the early 1950s, amid near-collapse, cost-cutting measures included licensing BMW V8 engines for the America model (1957–1959) to reduce development expenses, and exploratory talks with Simca for financial support, which evolved into a full acquisition in 1959 that preserved the Talbot name under new ownership but ended independent production.^[40]^[66] Over its lifetime from 1935 to 1959, Talbot-Lago produced approximately 3,500 vehicles, a modest figure reflecting its niche focus on exclusivity rather than mass-market volume.^[18]

Production, Sales, and Market Presence

Talbot-Lago's production spanned from 1935 to 1959, with overall output estimated at around 3,000 to 4,000 vehicles across its pre- and post-war models, reflecting its status as a boutique luxury manufacturer rather than a mass-market producer. Pre-war output peaked at approximately 400 units in 1937, driven by demand for high-performance chassis like the T150 series, which were often customized by coachbuilders such as Figoni et Falaschi. Post-war, production rebounded modestly before declining sharply; for instance, 433 cars were built in 1950, dropping to 80 in 1951, 34 in 1952, and just 17 in 1953 as the company struggled with market shifts and resource constraints.^[40]^[18] Sales were predominantly domestic in France, accounting for the majority of units—estimated at around 60%—with the remainder exported to key international markets to sustain the brand's elite positioning. In the UK, exports were handled through arrangements tied to the Rootes Group's earlier involvement with the Talbot-Darracq combine, where some models were rebadged or sold via affiliated channels. In the United States, imports were facilitated by prominent agents like Luigi Chinetti, who served as the official Talbot-Lago importer starting in the late 1930s and brought dozens of chassis for American buyers, including high-profile figures in racing and entertainment. Pricing was tailored for affluent clientele, with post-war models like the T26 Grand Sport retailing for around $7,000 in the US—comparable to luxury competitors such as the BMW 507—emphasizing bespoke engineering over volume.^[18]^[67]^[68]^[38] The company positioned itself firmly in the luxury niche, rivaling established French marques like Delage and Hispano-Suiza by offering sophisticated grand tourers and sports cars that blended performance with artisanal coachwork, appealing to Europe's aristocracy and emerging American enthusiasts. Promotional efforts centered on high-profile displays at events such as the Paris Salon de l'Automobile, where models like the 1948 T26 Grand Sport debuted to acclaim, and international concours d'elegance to showcase their aesthetic and engineering prowess. A modest European dealer network, comprising around 20 outlets by the late 1940s, supported distribution, though post-war US imports saw a notable uptick in 1948 amid renewed interest in European exotics. By the 1950s, persistent inventory challenges—such as unsold stocks of older-style saloons from 1951 onward—prompted discounts to clear excess, further underscoring the brand's shift toward niche survival amid rising competition from mass-produced luxury vehicles.^[69]^[70]^[71]^[18]

Racing Achievements

Pre-War Racing Successes

Talbot-Lago's pre-war racing efforts from 1935 to 1939 centered on the T150C series, derived from the brand's road-going models, which featured a robust 4-liter straight-six engine adapted for competition. These cars achieved notable success in Grand Prix and endurance events, elevating the marque's reputation for engineering excellence and performance. Works teams, managed under Antonio Lago's direction, fielded entries alongside privateers, with drivers such as Louis Chiron and Jean-Pierre Wimille contributing to podium finishes across various international races during this period.^[14] A highlight was the 1937 French Grand Prix at Montlhéry, where Louis Chiron secured victory in a T150C-SS, marking Talbot-Lago's first major Grand Prix win and demonstrating the car's superior handling and reliability against German rivals like Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union. The T150C's naturally aspirated engine, tuned to produce around 175 horsepower through triple carburetors and hemispherical combustion chambers, combined with independent front suspension and a lightweight chassis, allowed it to excel in the 4-liter formula. This triumph not only boosted sales of road models but also inspired further developments in aerodynamics.^[72]^[73] In endurance racing, Talbot-Lago claimed third place overall at the 1938 24 Hours of Le Mans with a works T150C entered by drivers Jean Prenant and André Morel, finishing just behind Bentleys and Delahayes after covering over 3,000 kilometers. The car's aerodynamic bodywork, often customized by coachbuilders like Figoni et Falaschi, contributed to its speed, while the Wilson pre-selector gearbox enabled seamless shifts during long stints. Additional successes included class victories and strong placings in hill climbs across Europe, such as events in France and Italy, where the T150C's torque and braking prowess shone on twisting courses. These results underscored Talbot-Lago's prestige, positioning it as a formidable French contender in the pre-war motorsport landscape.^[74]^[75]

Post-War Grand Prix and Endurance Racing

Following the end of World War II, Talbot-Lago re-entered Grand Prix racing with the T26C, a naturally aspirated 4.5-liter inline-six-powered single-seater that debuted at the 1948 Monaco Grand Prix, where Louis Chiron secured second place after completing the full distance without a pit stop, highlighting its fuel efficiency advantage over supercharged rivals like the Maserati 4CLT.^[54] In the 1949 season, the T26C achieved two major victories: Louis Rosier won the Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps, capitalizing on superior range to avoid refueling stops that hampered competitors, while Louis Chiron triumphed at the French Grand Prix in Reims after Peter Whitehead's leading Ferrari suffered gearbox failure.^[76]^[77] These successes, totaling around five major Grand Prix wins across the post-war era, underscored the T26C's reliability in an era dominated by privateer entries, though frequent retirements in 1950 Formula One events—such as engine overheating and mechanical failures during the British and Italian Grands Prix—stemmed from its lower power output of approximately 250 horsepower compared to supercharged Alfa Romeos.^[78]^[54] The T26C's strengths in endurance were evident as regulations shifted toward Formula One in 1950, with privateers like Yves Giraud-Cabantous and Eugène Martin achieving podiums in non-championship races, contributing to an estimated nine additional lesser victories through 1950.^[78] By 1951, engine refinements including revised camshaft profiles and higher compression ratios boosted output to around 260 horsepower while enhancing durability, allowing sustained performance in longer events despite the marque's declining competitiveness against emerging Italian prototypes.^[45] Talbot-Lago's Grand Prix involvement tapered off by mid-decade, with roughly 10 total post-war wins reflecting a transitional period where reliability trumped outright speed. In endurance racing, Talbot-Lago adapted the T26 Grand Sport (GS) variant—essentially a T26C with two-seater bodywork—for events like the 24 Hours of Le Mans, securing outright victory in 1950 with Louis Rosier and his son Jean-Louis Rosier in chassis 110055; Louis drove nearly 23 hours solo, overcoming a shattered windscreen from a collision with an owl and a damaged rocker arm to finish ahead of other Talbot entries in second and sixth.^[79]^[80] The following year at Le Mans, six Talbot-Lago entries competed, with Pierre Meyrat and Guy Mairesse claiming third overall in a T26 GS, while the Rosier-Fangio pairing in chassis 110057 retired after 92 laps due to an oil tank rupture that drenched Fangio in lubricant during his stint.^[79]^[81] Talbot-Lago continued in endurance challenges through the mid-1950s, including the grueling Carrera Panamericana; in 1950, entries like the T26 GS struggled with time limits on the demanding Mexican roads, but Louis Rosier achieved fifth overall in 1953 aboard chassis 110055, securing a class win in the over-1.6-liter sports category amid competition from Lancia D24s and Ferraris.^[82]^[83] Subsequent years saw class successes, such as third at the 1953 12 Hours of Reims and first at the 1952 12 Hours of Casablanca, but overall results declined against specialized sports prototypes, with Le Mans finishes dropping to eighth in 1953 and retirements in 1954, marking the marque's fade from international endurance prominence by 1955.^[84]

Legacy and Modern Relevance

Design Influence and Historical Significance

Talbot-Lago's styling legacy is epitomized by its pioneering adoption of teardrop aerodynamics, particularly in the T150-C-SS models bodied by Figoni et Falaschi, where the "goutte d'eau" (teardrop) design achieved a sleek, flowing form that optimized airflow and visual elegance.^[32] This collaboration with the Parisian coachbuilders, who patented elements of the aerodynamic shape, produced Art Deco icons that blended sculptural curves with functional efficiency, influencing broader trends in 1940s and 1950s European automotive design by popularizing streamlined fastback profiles seen in later works by firms like Pinin Farina.^[85]^[86] In engineering, Talbot-Lago advanced French automotive technology through its supercharged inline-six engines, such as the 4.0-liter unit in the T150-C-SS that delivered 140 horsepower via twin carburetors and a Roots-type supercharger, setting benchmarks for high-performance luxury powertrains in the pre-war era.^[16] The company's suspension innovations, including De Dion rear axles with torsion bars for superior roadholding, were later adopted by post-war French manufacturers like Facel Vega, which incorporated similar independent rear setups to enhance grand touring dynamics.^[2]^[87] Historically, Talbot-Lago symbolized French luxury's resurgence after the Great Depression, offering bespoke vehicles that restored prestige to the industry amid economic recovery, with models like the T26 Grand Sport bridging pre-war artisanal traditions and post-war austerity through adaptable chassis designs.^[1] Its eventual acquisition by Simca in 1958 transferred engineering assets and the Talbot name, influencing Simca's development of more accessible luxury variants in the late 1950s and early 1960s.^[88] Central to Talbot-Lago's ethos was its commitment to bespoke coachwork, commissioning unique bodies from elite ateliers like Figoni et Falaschi, Saoutchik, and Franay on platforms such as the T26 Grand Sport, thereby preserving handcrafted excellence as mass production dominated the global market.^[17] This approach ensured each car was a tailored masterpiece, underscoring the marque's role in upholding French couture-like automotive artistry against the tide of standardization.^[2]

Collectibility, Restorations, and Recent Events

Talbot-Lago automobiles command high values in the collector market, reflecting their rarity, historical significance, and exquisite coachwork. Models like the T150-C SS Teardrop Coupé by Figoni et Falaschi have fetched multimillion-dollar sums at recent auctions.^[89] Similarly, the T26 Grand Sport series, prized for its post-war performance heritage, typically realizes $1-2 million, as evidenced by a 1949 T26 GS Coupé by Carrosserie Jean Barou selling for €961,250 (about $1.05 million) at RM Sotheby's Tegernsee Auction in July 2024, and a 1949 T26 GS Cabriolet achieving $2,040,000 at Bonhams The Quail Auction in August 2023.^[90] These prices underscore a robust demand among enthusiasts for well-preserved or restored examples, with average Talbot-Lago sales exceeding $2 million across models in recent years.^[91] Preservation efforts are supported by dedicated organizations such as the Talbot-Lago Club France, which maintains records and promotes authenticity for the marque's surviving vehicles.^[92] Specialist restorers contribute significantly, often undertaking meticulous frame-off projects to concours standards; a notable example is the 1948 T26 Grand Sport Saoutchik Fastback Coupé, restored by Chropyňská strojírna in Czechia to original specifications, which debuted at the 2024 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance.^[93] Such work emphasizes period-correct materials and engineering fidelity, ensuring these cars remain drivable while preserving their mechanical integrity. Recent events have highlighted Talbot-Lago's enduring appeal. At the 2024 Concours of Elegance in Hampton Court Palace, a pair of 1937 T150-C SS Teardrop Coupés—one by Figoni et Falaschi and the other by Vanvooren—were reunited for the first time in decades, drawing acclaim for their aerodynamic elegance and rarity, with only about a dozen such Teardrops known to survive.^[94] The 1949 T26 GS Coupé by Antem won Best of Show in the post-war category at Chantilly Arts & Elegance Richard Mille in September 2024, celebrated for its Jacques Saoutchik design and competition pedigree.^[95] At Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance 2024, the restored 1948 T26 Grand Sport Saoutchik Fastback was a Best of Show nominee, boosting interest in the marque's Grand Sport variants.^[96] Talbot-Lagos also featured prominently in displays at Le Mans Classic 2024, including during Classic Days events, where their racing legacy was showcased alongside historic endurance machinery.^[97] These appearances signal rising collector enthusiasm, driven by awards and high-profile reunions.

References

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[PDF] The Talbots 14/45-110 - Porsche cars history
high-compression pushrod engines of today. In 1922 the 11-litre Talbot-Darracq racing engines were giving. 50 b.h.p., using twin overhead camshafts. Twin o.h.c..Missing: V20 | Show results with:V20<|control11|><|separator|>
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Talbot 110 BG Alloy Tourer
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1935 Talbot-Lago T120 - conceptcarz.com
The six-cylinder engine displaced 3-liters and produced about 90 horsepower. ... Engine Specs. Dimension Specs. T120. Specification Comparison by Year. Year.
[25]
Talbot Lago T120 Baby 3 litre Roadster by Brandone
Output was rated at 90 horsepower, giving the roadster a top speed of more than 90 mph. It is thought by some that the Lago powerplant—followed later by a 4.0- ...
[26]
SLIDER: 1935 Talbot-Lago T120 |
The 1935 Talbot-Lago T120 had a 3.0-litre engine, a four-speed gearbox, independent front suspension, and a top speed of 75mph. It was available in 120" and ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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Talbot Lago T150C Competition Roadster - Ultimatecarpage.com
Feb 9, 2013 · Making the most of a new four-litre class, the existing 'T150' six cylinder engine was enlarged from 2,996cc to 3,994cc. Combining a cast ...Missing: displacement evolution
[28]
1936 - 1937 Talbot-Lago T150C - Supercars.net
displacement, 3994 cc / 243.73 in³ ; bore, 90 mm / 3.54 in ; stroke, 104.5 mm / 4.11 in ; compression, 7.8:1 ; power, 126.8 kw / 170 bhp @ 4700 rpm.Missing: evolution | Show results with:evolution
[29]
1937 Talbot-Lago T150C SS - Supercars.net
With its independent front suspension, lightweight construction, excellent braking and low ride height the T150C chassis was focused on competition. It also ...
[30]
The "Large Tablet" - Peter Giddings Racing
At the front, independent (very !) wishbone suspension was utilized, incorporating a standard Talbot system, first used in the early '30s, and still fitted ...
[31]
[PDF] TALBOT-LAGO TYPE 26GP 1950 - Mullin Automotive Museum
Front brakes type. Lockheed hydraulic. Rear brakes type. Lockheed hydraulic. Front suspension type. Independent transverse leaf spring with upper control arms ...
[32]
1937 Talbot-Lago Type 150-C-S by Figoni et Falaschi
Oct 16, 2025 · In 1937 Joseph Figoni presented the goutte d'eau, or teardrop, style on the Talbot-Lago Type 150-C-S. The teardrop Talbot-Lagos, which ...
[33]
1938 Talbot-Lago T150-C SS Teardrop Coupé by Figoni et Falaschi
90112: Speed and Beauty. Perfectly proportioned, these Teardrop Coupés mark the peak of the French streamlined design movement of the 1930s. Chassis 90112 ...
[34]
1937 Talbot-Lago T150-C-SS Teardrop Coupe | Gooding Christie's
This 1937 Talbot-Lago has coachwork by Figoni et Falaschi, a high-performance chassis, won awards, and has a 3,996 CC engine with 140 BHP.
[35]
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[37]
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engine, Inline-6 ; position, Front, Londituinal ; aspiration, Natural ; valvetrain, OHV ; displacement, 3996 cc / 243.9 in³.Missing: evolution | Show results with:evolution
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[40]
None
Nothing is retrieved...<|separator|>
[41]
France 1940-1944: Production restricted to (sabotaged) trucks
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[42]
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Country of origin: France ; Produced from: 1946 - 1955 ; Numbers built: about 750 ; Internal name: T26 ; Designed by: Chapron.
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Talbot-Lago T26 Grand Sport Lago: a final flourish
Aug 12, 2022 · The Talbot-Lago T26 GSL's twin-cam inline six-cylinder engine produces 210bhp. At 1.8 tonnes the GSL was not especially light, but its ...Missing: 3995cc | Show results with:3995cc<|control11|><|separator|>
[46]
1948 Talbot-Lago T-26 Specifications - Conceptcarz
1948 Talbot-Lago T-26 Specifications ; Top Speed : 105 mph | 168.945 km/h ; Displacement : 4482 cc | 273.5 cu in. | 4.5 L. ; Power : 170 HP (125.12 KW) @ 4200 RPM.Missing: 3995cc | Show results with:3995cc
[47]
1947 Talbot-Lago Record T26 Saloon full range specs
top speed: 163 km/h (101 mph) (©theoretical);; accelerations: 0- 60 mph 13.1 ... 1946 Talbot-Lago Record T26 Saloon specifications, all versions · 1948 ...
[48]
1947 Talbot-Lago T26 | Singleton Classics
The chassis was also updated with independent coil spring front suspension, enhancing the car's handling capabilities, while the Wilson pre-selector gearbox ...
[49]
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[50]
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[51]
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[52]
1948 Talbot-Lago T26 Grand Sport Coupé 'Chambas' Chassis no ...
Chassis '110105' is the most famous of the 36 T26 Grand Sports: it has extensive in-period racing history, including five consecutive Le Mans entries from 1949 ...
[53]
1948 Talbot-Lago T26 Grand Sport Cabriolet by Franay
Any Talbot-Lago T26 Grand Sport is a very rare and exciting sports car. In addition, chassis 110121 by Franay is a unique one-off cabriolet of great and ...
[54]
1950 Talbot-Lago T26 Grand Sport Specifications - Conceptcarz
Inline 6 | Dry-sump lubrication; twin-ignition cylinder head. Displacement : 4482 cc | 273.5 cu in. | 4.5 L. Power : 194 HP (142.784 KW) @ 4000 RPM.Missing: wet | Show results with:wet
[55]
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Oct 18, 2013 · The four litre engine debuted in a roadster bodied racer in 1936, and would also go on to power the legendary Figoni & Falashi teardrop-coupes.Missing: 3995cc 4482cc
[56]
Talbot Lago T26C - primotipo...
It produced circa 240bhp @ 4700rpm in the early stages of development, rising to 280bhp @ 5000rpm in 1950 when fitted with a twin-plug, twin-magneto cylinder ...
[57]
1948 Talbot-Lago T-26C Grand Prix Specifications - Concept Carz
Straight 6 | Twin Spark; 3 Zenith 50 HN DD Carburettors. Displacement : 4482 cc | 273.5 cu in. | 4.5 L. Power : 260 BHP (191.36 KW) @ 5000 RPM.Missing: numbers | Show results with:numbers
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1948 - 1950 Talbot Lago T26C Grand Prix Specifications
Country of origin: France ; Produced from: 1948 - 1950 ; Numbers built: 23 (all versions) ; Internal name: T26 ; Author: Wouter Melissen.<|separator|>
[59]
Talbot-Lago T26C - Model Information | Conceptcarz.com
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[60]
8W - What? - Talbot-Lago - Forix
Although a mere 14 cars took the start, the race had a heavyweight entry, with Tony Lago entering four works cars for Étancelin, 'Levegh', Rosier and Chimay ...
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Juan Manuel Fangio raced two times with Talbot, in the 500 Miles of Rafaela in 1950, which he won with a T26C monoposto and in the 24 hours of Le Mans in 1951.Missing: 1949 Swiss
[62]
TALBOT-LAGO GRAND SPORT 26CV
### Summary of Talbot-Lago T26 Grand Sport Evolutions in the 1950s
[63]
The Talbot-Lago T14 was the marque's final gift to the world
Jun 11, 2024 · This stunning 1957 example is one of the final 54 units of the T14 LS that were ever made, making it one of the last true Talbot-Lagos built.
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1956 Talbot-Lago T14 LS Special Coupe - Sports Car Market
the T14 LS — an altogether superior sports car with a ...Missing: refreshes | Show results with:refreshes
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Hollywood, this Talbot Lago Teardrop Coupe's history is pure cinema
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Figoni & Falaschi - COACHBUILD.COM
Figoni went on to create another icon of the streamlining era; the Talbot-Lago T150C SS Tear drop Coupe. ... coachbuilders and their unique automotive designs ...
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[68]
Inside the Twisted, Worldwide Hunt for a $7 Million Stolen Car
Aug 21, 2019 · In front of them, Joe's long-sought goal: the Talbot-Lago engine. FBI agents seized it from the mechanic in France—the same mechanic who ...
[69]
1938 Talbot-Lago T150 C Lago Spéciale Figoni et Falaschi ...
In 1925, Luigi Chinetti was working as a mechanic for the Alfa-Romeo racing team. Like Anthony Lago, he was unhappy with the rise of fascism in Italy. After the ...
[70]
Autos meet art and fashion in 'Roaring' new Saint Louis show
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THE CAR FROM PARIS - Issuu
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1938 Talbot-Lago T150-C SS Teardrop Coupe by Figoni et Falaschi
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1949 Belgian Grand Prix | Motorsport Database
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The second of Anthony Lago's legendary French 4½-Litre Monopostos · Chassis #110002 competed extensively from 1948 – 1953 in all major European Grand Prix, ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[78]
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Race Results - Carrera Panamericana 1950 - Racing Sports Cars
Talbot Lago, 0, Over time limit. 43, Reilly / Dorsey, Cord 812, 0, Over time limit. 47, Joel Thorne, Cadillac, 0, Accident. 51, Durán Mejia, Buick, 0, Over time ...
[83]
Race Results - Carrera Panamericana 1953 - Racing Sports Cars
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Year: 1953 ; 4.10.1953, Coupes du Salon, 14 ; 23.11.1953, Carrera Panamericana, 6 ; 6.12.1953, Circuit of Guadelupe ; 13.12.1953, Guadalajara [S/GT+3.0], 6 ...Missing: class wins
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[86]
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Between 1937 and 1939, Talbot-Lago produced an extremely limited number of these chassis, which were bodied by a variety of coachbuilders.
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Talbot-Lago T150 Market - CLASSIC.COM
Lot 151: 1937 Talbot-Lago T150-C SS 'Goutte d'Eau' Coupé by Figoni et Falaschi · TMU · Location: Piazza Santo Stefano, Lombardy, ITA.
[90]
Talbot-Lago T26 Market - CLASSIC.COM
Lot 317: 1947 Talbot-Lago T26 Record Cabriolet · 728 mi TMU · Location: Monterey County, CA, USA · Originality: Original & Highly Original.. Vehicles that are ...
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Talbot-Lago Market - CLASSIC.COM
Talbot-Lago ; What is the top sale price of a Talbot-Lago? The top sale price was $13,425,000 for a 1937 Talbot-Lago T150-C-SS Teardrop Coupe on Mar 4 2022.Missing: francs | Show results with:francs
[92]
Talbot-Lago T14LS: An entry-level point for the storied marque?
Jan 10, 2025 · The T14LS is the last model Talbot-Lago created before being forced to sell to Simca in 1959. The earlier versions, such as this one, used an ...
[93]
Summer of success for the restoration division of Chropyňská strojírna.
Oct 4, 2024 · The work of our restoration division was represented by Talbot Lago T26 Grand Sport cars at both events. In America, a 1948 Saoutchik-bodied car claimed ...
[94]
Breathtaking Pair of 1930s Talbot-Lagos to be Reunited at Hampton ...
Aug 19, 2024 · The two cars are a 1937 T150C SS 'New York' model by Figoni and Falschi, and a 1939 T150C SS Aerocoupé by Pourtout.
[95]
Charming Bugatti and Talbot-Lago win Chantilly Arts and Elegance ...
Sep 19, 2024 · This year's pre-war Best of Show winner was a 1928 Bugatti Type 35C from the AV Collection. This was competing in the 100 years of Bugatti 35 ...
[96]
Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance Best of Show Nominees
2024 Best of Show Nominees · 1948 Talbot-Lago T26 Grand Sport Saoutchik Fastback Coupé · 1934 Packard 1108 Twelve LeBaron Sport Phaeton · 1970 Lancia Stratos HF ...
[97]
Classic Days Le Mans 2024 - YouTube
Nov 21, 2024 · ... du Mans Interview Henri Pescarolo ACO Talbot Lago Michel Krine Véhicule historique Patrimoine automobile FFVE Club automobile Rétromobile ...