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Verbosity

Verbosity is the quality or state of being verbose, defined as the use of more words than necessary to express an idea or convey a message, resulting in wordiness or superfluity in speech or writing.^[1]^[2] Also known as clutter, deadwood, or prolixity, it contrasts with principles of brevity and conciseness that prioritize clarity and efficiency in communication.^[2] The term originates from the 1540s, borrowed from Middle French verbosité or directly from Late Latin verbōsitās, meaning "wordiness," derived from Latin verbōsus ("full of words") and ultimately from verbum ("word").^[3] Its first known use in English dates to 1541, reflecting early critiques of excessive language in prose and oratory.^[1] In classical rhetoric, verbosity has long been regarded as a stylistic fault that obscures meaning and diminishes persuasive impact, as Aristotle warned in his Rhetoric that piling up words upon a plain sense only spoils its clearness.^[4] Modern linguistic and compositional analyses similarly view it as a barrier to effective communication, where excessive phrasing—such as long-winded constructions or redundant expletives—wastes reader time and reduces intelligibility, particularly in academic writing by non-native speakers.^[5]^[2] Examples of verbosity abound in everyday language, such as transforming "They arrived on time" into "They made their entrance at the precise moment anticipated," which adds unnecessary elaboration without enhancing the message.^[2] While occasionally employed for emphasis or stylistic flourish, unchecked verbosity often signals pomposity or a misguided attempt at sophistication, undermining the audience's engagement.^[2] Efforts to combat it, through editing for conciseness, improve readability and perceived professionalism, as evidenced by reader preferences for streamlined prose in scholarly surveys.^[5]

Introduction and Definition

Definition

Verbosity refers to the excessive use of words in speech or writing, resulting in communication that is unnecessarily lengthy and fails to add substantive value. This practice often dilutes the clarity and impact of the message, contrasting sharply with principles of succinctness or concision, which prioritize brevity while preserving meaning.^[6]^[7] Key characteristics of verbosity include the incorporation of superfluous details that do not enhance understanding, the repetition of ideas in varied phrasings without advancing the argument, and the employment of overly complex sentence structures that can obscure rather than illuminate the intended point. Such elements frequently arise from an attempt to appear more formal or authoritative, yet they tend to confuse readers or listeners and reduce overall effectiveness.^[8]^[9]^[5] Historically, critiques of verbosity trace back to ancient times, as exemplified by the Hellenistic poet Callimachus, who warned against prolix works with his maxim "big book, big evil" (μέγα βιβλίον, μέγα κακόν), advocating instead for concise and refined expression. This early admonition underscores a longstanding recognition of verbosity's potential to undermine communicative precision.^[10]

Characteristics

Verbose language is characterized by the use of unnecessarily long or complex words when simpler alternatives would convey the same meaning, a practice known as sesquipedalianism.^[11] This trait often elevates the perceived formality of text but obscures clarity without adding substantive value. Overuse of the passive voice contributes similarly to verbosity by restructuring active sentences into more circuitous forms, such as changing "The team completed the report" to "The report was completed by the team," which introduces extra words and reduces directness.^[12] Filler phrases, like "in order to" instead of "to," further exemplify this by padding sentences without enhancing precision.^[13] Nominalizations, where verbs or adjectives are converted into nouns—such as "decide" becoming "the decision" or "refusal" from "refuse"—also promote wordiness by requiring additional verbs and prepositions to complete the thought, often resulting in weaker, less dynamic prose.^[14] Structurally, verbose writing frequently features sentences with multiple subordinate clauses, which elongate the text and complicate parsing.^[15] It often incorporates abstract jargon lacking concrete referents, prioritizing specialized terminology over accessible explanations and thereby alienating readers unfamiliar with the lexicon.^[16] Another indicator is "elegant variation," the unnecessary substitution of synonyms for stylistic variety, as when referring repeatedly to the same concept with different words like "vehicle," "automobile," and "car" in close proximity, which can confuse rather than clarify.^[17] These characteristics increase cognitive load on readers by demanding greater mental effort to extract meaning from extended or convoluted structures. Readability metrics quantify this effect; for instance, the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level score rises (indicating higher difficulty) with longer sentences and multisyllabic words, as per the formula $0.39 \times \left( \frac{\text{words}}{\text{sentences}} \right) + 11.8 \times \left( \frac{\text{syllables}}{\text{words}} \right) - 15.59. Verbose passages thus score lower on ease-of-reading scales, hindering comprehension and engagement.^[18]

Etymology and Terminology

Etymology

The term "verbosity" entered English in the mid-16th century, with the earliest recorded use dating to 1541 in the writings of Richard Whitford, a English priest and translator.^[19] It was borrowed either directly from Late Latin verbōsitās or via Middle French verbosité, both denoting an abundance of words.^[3] The root lies in Latin verbōsus, an adjective meaning "full of words" or "wordy," which itself derives from verbum, the Latin word for "word" (from Proto-Indo-European *wer- "to speak").^[20] In its early English applications during the 16th and 17th centuries, "verbosity" primarily critiqued rhetorical excess and superfluous language in oratory and prose, as seen in texts addressing eloquence and persuasion where brevity was valued against prolixity.^[19] By the 19th and 20th centuries, the term evolved in usage to encompass broader condemnations of wordiness in written composition, appearing in style guides that promoted clarity and economy, such as early 20th-century manuals on effective rhetoric which contrasted verbosity with concise expression.^[2] Related linguistic history includes influences from ancient Greek on terms denoting excessive speech, such as "logorrhea," coined in the early 19th century from Greek logos ("word" or "speech") and rhein ("to flow"), describing an uncontrollable flow of words akin to verbal diarrhea.^[21] Greek laliá, meaning "talk" or "prattle," further shaped compounds like "echolalia" (repetitive speech), highlighting pathological or excessive verbosity in medical and psychological contexts.

Synonyms and Antonyms

Synonyms of verbosity include prolixity, which denotes the use of an excessive number of words, often resulting in tedious length or drawn-out expression.^[22] Grandiloquence refers to a pompous or bombastic style of speech or writing characterized by lofty, extravagantly colorful language.^[23] Logorrhea describes excessive and often incoherent talkativeness or wordiness, sometimes pathologically compulsive.^[24] Garrulousness involves rambling or pointlessly talkative speech, typically on trivial matters.^[25] Sesquipedalianism pertains to the habitual use of long, polysyllabic words, often to an ostentatious degree.^[11] Antonyms of verbosity encompass concision, the quality of expressing much in few words; succinctness, which emphasizes clarity and brevity without unnecessary details; brevity, the avoidance of superfluous length; and terseness, a concise style that is abrupt or curt in expression.^[26] These opposites align with principles like the "economy of words" in Ernest Hemingway's iceberg theory, where essential meaning is conveyed implicitly through omission, as outlined in his 1932 work Death in the Afternoon.^[27] Nuances among related terms highlight distinctions: verbosity generally indicates an overall excess of words, whereas pleonasm specifically involves redundancy through unnecessary repetition or superfluity in phrasing, such as "free gift."^[28] Prolixity and garrulousness overlap with verbosity in length but emphasize tediousness or rambling, respectively, while grandiloquence adds a layer of pretentiousness not inherent in mere wordiness.^[29]

Contexts of Verbosity

In Writing and Literature

In literature, verbosity often serves as a deliberate literary device in satire, where elaborate descriptions and extended narratives mock pretentious characters or societal flaws, though it is frequently criticized for obscuring plot progression and diluting narrative momentum. For instance, Charles Dickens employed a verbose style in novels like Oliver Twist to exaggerate institutional absurdities, such as the pompous beadle Mr. Bumble's self-importance, using intricate details and sarcasm to critique Victorian social injustices like the Poor Law Act and thereby provoke reform through humor and pathos.^[30] This approach contrasts with modern critiques of verbosity, where excessive elaboration can hinder reader engagement by prioritizing stylistic flourishes over clear storytelling. Victorian novels exemplified dense prose as a cultural norm, reflecting the era's emphasis on moral instruction and social commentary through comprehensive world-building, which immersed readers in intricate societal portraits but often extended narratives unnecessarily.^[31] In academic writing, verbosity manifests through unnecessary qualifiers like "somewhat," "very," or "to a certain extent," which inflate sentences and undermine authority by introducing undue hesitation, as seen in phrases such as "Freud seems to argue that..." instead of the direct "Freud argues that...".^[32] Similarly, journalistic writing sometimes indulges in "purple prose," characterized by overly ornate language and melodramatic descriptions that prioritize aesthetic excess over factual clarity, such as elaborate metaphors that distract from the core report.^[33] While verbosity can build atmospheric depth in literature—evoking immersive settings through detailed prose—it frequently induces reader fatigue by complicating comprehension, particularly when average sentence lengths exceed recommended limits of 15–20 words. Guidelines suggest avoiding sentences longer than 35 words to improve readability and accessibility.^[34] Filler phrases, such as redundant qualifiers, exacerbate this by padding content without adding value, further eroding focus in prolonged written forms.^[35]

In Speech and Rhetoric

In rhetorical traditions, verbosity has often manifested through elaborate styles that prioritize ornamentation over brevity. The Roman orator Cicero exemplified this in his adoption of the Asianist approach, characterized by an abundant, rhythmic, and florid style influenced by his studies in Asia Minor, which emphasized emotional appeal and vivid imagery to captivate audiences. However, this ornate manner was critiqued by Atticists, who favored the more concise and pure Attic Greek style, viewing Cicero's verbosity as excessive and potentially overwhelming, a tension that persists in modern rhetorical theory where clarity is prized to maintain persuasive impact. A deliberate form of verbosity appears in political rhetoric through the filibuster, a tactic where speakers prolong debate to delay or block legislation, effectively using extended speech as obstruction.^[36] In the U.S. Senate, for instance, filibusters require senators to hold the floor continuously, often reciting anecdotes or irrelevant material to exhaust time limits, as seen in historical examples like Strom Thurmond's 24-hour speech against the Civil Rights Act of 1957.^[37] This strategic verbosity tests endurance and public patience, highlighting how prolonged oration can serve partisan goals but invites criticism for evading substantive discussion.^[36] Common speech patterns contribute to unintentional verbosity in oral communication, such as rambling anecdotes that stray from the main point through tangential stories or details, diluting focus and extending delivery unnecessarily.^[38] Hedging language, including phrases like "I believe that" or "sort of," softens assertions to convey politeness or uncertainty but, when overused, inflates word count and weakens rhetorical force in spoken discourse.^[39] Similarly, repetition—while a classical device for emphasis, as in anaphora—becomes excessive when it reiterates ideas without progression, transforming reinforcement into redundancy and testing audience attention. In social settings like debates and meetings, verbose speech can project authority by demonstrating depth of knowledge, yet it often risks audience disengagement as listeners lose interest in prolonged monologues.^[40] Organizational cultures that reward elaborate explanations may encourage this pattern, where speakers dominate discussions to assert dominance, but studies show it hinders collaboration and productivity by sidelining concise input from others. In competitive debates, excessive verbosity might initially signal expertise but ultimately undermines persuasion if it obscures key arguments, leading to reduced listener retention and perceived ineffectiveness.^[40]

In Scientific and Technical Communication

In scientific and technical communication, verbosity often manifests through the overuse of jargon, acronyms, and passive constructions, which can obscure meaning and hinder clarity in research papers and reports. For instance, excessive reliance on acronyms without initial definitions forces readers to navigate dense text, while passive voice constructions like "it was determined that" instead of "we determined" inflate sentences without adding precision. This issue was dramatically highlighted by the Sokal Affair in 1996, where physicist Alan Sokal submitted a deliberately verbose and pseudoscientific paper titled "Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity" to the journal Social Text, which accepted it as legitimate scholarship despite its nonsensical content and inflated rhetoric mimicking postmodern jargon. The hoax exposed how verbosity in academic writing can mask intellectual emptiness, particularly in interdisciplinary fields blending science and humanities, leading to widespread calls for clearer prose in scholarly publishing. Technical writing norms in professional organizations emphasize conciseness to combat verbosity, with style guides providing explicit guidelines to promote accessibility and efficiency. The IEEE Author Center advises authors to avoid unnecessary words, redundant phrases, and excessive passive constructions in manuscripts, recommending active voice and direct language to ensure readability for global audiences in engineering and computing fields. Similarly, the American Psychological Association (APA) style manual warns against verbosity in psychological and social science writing, instructing authors to eliminate wordy expressions and use precise terminology, as seen in its emphasis on clarity in the 7th edition guidelines. In grant proposals, verbosity can artificially inflate word counts to meet perceived length requirements, potentially diluting the proposal's impact. In modern contexts, the rise of AI-generated content has amplified verbosity risks in technical communication, particularly in high-stakes areas like medicine where redundancy can introduce errors or misinterpretations. Large language models, when used to draft reports, often produce repetitive phrasing and unnecessary elaborations. This trend underscores the need for hybrid human-AI workflows to mitigate verbosity's pitfalls in evidence-based fields.

Examples

Historical Examples

In classical rhetoric, Greek orators often favored the Attic style, characterized by brevity and simplicity to achieve clarity and persuasive force, as exemplified by Demosthenes' concise Philippics that condemned Philip II of Macedon without unnecessary elaboration.^[41] In contrast, Roman orators like Cicero embraced Asianism, a more florid and expansive approach that featured lengthy perorations—emotional conclusions designed to stir the audience—such as the extended closing appeals in his Pro Milone, where he amplified pathos through repetitive and ornate phrasing to sway the Roman Senate.^[42] This divergence highlighted evolving cultural preferences: Greek emphasis on logical economy versus Roman inclination toward dramatic amplification for public spectacle.^[43] During the 19th century, American legal documents exemplified verbosity through convoluted phrasing and redundant terms, a legacy of English common law practices where scriveners were compensated by the word, incentivizing prolixity as seen in lengthy contracts and statutes like the Field Code revisions, which ballooned into multi-volume tomes filled with repetitive clauses to minimize ambiguity.^[44] This style persisted despite reforms, contributing to critiques of inaccessibility; for instance, Thomas Jefferson had earlier decried such "endless tautologies" in statutory language, yet 19th-century bills like the Judiciary Act of 1789 expansions retained dense, layered provisions that obscured intent.^[45] In politics, Warren G. Harding's 1920 presidential campaign speeches embodied verbosity through vague, inflated rhetoric, as in his "Return to Normalcy" address, where abstract phrases like "not nostrums but normalcy" obscured policy details amid a barrage of sonorous but empty declarations.^[46] Contemporary observers, including Democratic leader William Gibbs McAdoo, lampooned this as "an army of pompous phrases moving over the landscape in search of an idea," reflecting Harding's reliance on wordy platitudes to evade substantive debate during post-World War I disillusionment.^[47] Literary verbosity reached notable excess in Henry James's late novels, such as The Golden Bowl (1904), where dense, labyrinthine sentences—often spanning pages with nested clauses and psychological digressions—drew criticism for prioritizing stylistic intricacy over narrative momentum, as analyzed in scholarly examinations of his evolving prose toward abstraction and indirection.^[48] This approach, while innovative, prompted contemporaries like H.G. Wells to decry James's work as "a magnificent but painful hippopotamus of a book, resolved at any cost, even at the cost of its dignity, upon picking up a pebble," underscoring debates on whether such elaboration enriched character depth or merely obfuscated meaning.^[49] A pointed parody appeared in 1995 with "The World's Greatest Law Review Article" by Andrew McClurg, a satirical piece mimicking academic legal writing's tendency toward overwrought footnotes and belabored arguments, highlighting verbosity's entrenchment in scholarly discourse.^[50]

Contemporary Examples

In digital communication, social media platforms often exemplify verbosity through lengthy threads laden with redundant repetitions and excessive emojis, which can dilute the core message and overwhelm readers. A study analyzing Twitter-based emoji usage found that redundant emojis account for 33.7% of annotated emoji-text pairs, serving to emphasize but frequently resulting in cluttered, less effective expression.^[51] Similarly, corporate emails frequently include bloated disclaimers, particularly under regulations like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), where lengthy notices repeat legal boilerplate to cover data privacy, liability, and confidentiality, sometimes spanning several paragraphs and obscuring the email's primary intent. For instance, standard GDPR-compliant disclaimers often reiterate user rights and company obligations in exhaustive detail, contributing to reader fatigue in professional correspondence.^[52] In media contexts, political discourse has featured notable instances of verbosity during the 2010s, such as U.S. Senate filibusters designed to prolong debate and delay legislation. Senator Bernie Sanders' 2010 filibuster against extending Bush-era tax cuts lasted over eight hours, consisting of a continuous monologue critiquing corporate influence and economic inequality, which, while influential, exemplified extended rhetorical repetition to hold the floor.^[53] Likewise, Senator Chris Murphy's 2016 filibuster on gun control endured nearly 15 hours, relying on prolonged narration of statistics and personal stories to pressure action, highlighting how such tactics amplify verbosity for strategic delay.^[54] Contemporary AI tools like ChatGPT have also drawn criticism for generating verbose outputs, often producing lengthy, repetitive explanations that exceed user needs; a scoping review of ChatGPT applications notes its tendency toward "verbose responses or overuse of certain phrases," which can hinder efficiency in tasks like summarization or coding.^[55] A Queen's University study further quantified this, finding AI coding assistants generate responses twice as verbose as human-written Stack Overflow answers, potentially reducing developer productivity.^[56] Academically, a 2006 Princeton University study demonstrated how unnecessary verbosity undermines perceived intelligence, showing that texts employing long words without need were rated as less intelligent by readers compared to simpler equivalents.^[57] Critiques of TED Talks similarly point to verbosity in their format, where speakers often employ elaborate, drawn-out phrasing and clichés to fill the 18-minute slot, leading to accusations of pretentious filler that prioritizes style over substance.^[58]

Causes and Motivations

Verbosity often arises from underlying psychological factors, such as insecurity, which can manifest as over-explanation in communication to preempt misunderstanding or criticism. This behavior serves as a defense mechanism, particularly in individuals with a history of trauma or emotional neglect, where excessive elaboration helps to diffuse perceived threats or self-soothe amid anxiety.^[59] For instance, those affected may provide unnecessary details to ensure they are believed or to avoid conflict, stemming from a fear of dismissal rooted in past experiences.^[59] In neurodiversity, verbosity is frequently observed as a detail-oriented trait among individuals on the autism spectrum. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may engage in excessive talking, particularly on topics of personal interest, delivering overly detailed or prolonged narratives without gauging listener engagement.^[60] This tendency reflects a cognitive preference for precision and exhaustive information sharing, rather than intentional excess, and can complicate social interactions.^[60] Motivations for verbosity include a desire to sound authoritative or intelligent, where individuals use elaborate language to impress others or demonstrate knowledge, often compensating for underlying insecurity.^[61] Additionally, it can stem from discomfort with silence, prompting speakers to fill pauses with words to avoid awkwardness, even if it overwhelms listeners.^[61] Research links verbosity to anxiety, particularly in therapeutic settings, where excessive narration may indicate heightened stress affecting verbal clarity. Patient and therapist anxiety can lead to disrupted verbal behavior, reducing communication intelligibility and hindering session effectiveness.^[62] In social anxiety disorder, for example, verbosity acts as a coping strategy for nervousness, resulting in erratic or prolonged talking during interactions.^[62] Cognitive behavioral therapy has been identified as an effective intervention for addressing such patterns tied to anxiety.^[62] Cultural norms significantly influence perceptions and practices of verbosity in communication. In high-context cultures like Japan, indirectness is prioritized to maintain social harmony and avoid confrontation, often leading to circumlocution—using additional words or phrases to imply meaning rather than stating it directly—which can result in more verbose exchanges than in low-context cultures such as the United States, where explicit and concise verbal expression is valued for clarity and efficiency.^[63] This distinction, originally conceptualized by anthropologist Edward T. Hall, highlights how contextual cues in high-context settings reduce the need for brevity but increase reliance on layered language.^[64] In contrast, French communication embodies a tolerance for elaborate styles through the cultural value of esprit—a form of witty, intellectually agile discourse that encourages rhetorical flourish and extended debate as markers of sophistication and engagement.^[65] This approach, rooted in historical salon traditions and philosophical discourse, views verbosity not as excess but as a vehicle for nuanced expression, differing from Anglo-American preferences for succinctness.^[65] Social influences further shape verbosity across groups. Gender stereotypes in many societies, including Western and Asian contexts, depict women as more talkative or verbose, potentially stemming from expectations of relational speech; however, meta-analyses of speech studies reveal no consistent gender-based differences in overall word count or verbosity, attributing perceived variations to situational and cultural factors rather than inherent traits.^[66] In professional domains like law, particularly in common-law systems influenced by British traditions, verbosity is socially reinforced through detailed, precautionary language to mitigate risks and establish authority, though modern reforms advocate for plain language to enhance accessibility.^[67] Global perspectives on verbosity often intersect with postcolonial dynamics, as seen in Indian English, a hybrid variety that incorporates elaborate, formal constructions from British colonial influences alongside indigenous emphatic structures like reduplication (e.g., "small small things") and polite elaborations (e.g., "kindly do the needful"), resulting in critiques of wordiness as a marker of cultural adaptation and resistance.^[68] This stylistic hybridity reflects broader non-Western literary traditions where extended narration serves to convey multifaceted social realities, distinct from minimalist Western prose.^[69]

Strategies for Reduction

Style Guides and Principles

One of the foundational principles in style guides advocating against verbosity is articulated in William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White's The Elements of Style, first published in 1918 and revised in 1959, which states: "Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts."^[70] This rule emphasizes eliminating redundancy to ensure every element contributes to the message, without sacrificing necessary detail for clarity.^[70] In his 1946 essay "Politics and the English Language," George Orwell outlined six rules to combat slovenly prose, including "Never use a long word where a short one will do," "If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out," and "Never use the passive where you can use the active," directly targeting verbose habits like unnecessary complexity and passive constructions that obscure meaning.^[71] These guidelines promote precision and simplicity to restore language's effectiveness, arguing that verbosity often stems from vague thinking.^[71] Ernest Hemingway exemplified brevity through his "iceberg theory," described in his 1932 book Death in the Afternoon as omitting details known to the writer, allowing readers to sense deeper implications from what remains unsaid, thereby achieving emotional depth with minimal words.^[27] This approach underscores that true economy in language enhances impact rather than diminishing it.^[27] Modern legislative efforts build on these ideas, as seen in the U.S. Plain Writing Act of 2010, which mandates federal agencies to use clear, concise language in public documents to improve accessibility and comprehension, prohibiting jargon and complex structures where simpler alternatives suffice; the Act remains in effect, with agencies required to submit annual compliance reports as of 2025.^[72]^[73]^[74] Internationally, similar initiatives include Canada's Accessibility Standards Canada plain language standard (CAN-ASC-3.1:2025), which promotes clear communication for accessibility, and ongoing efforts in Australia to enhance plain language in government documents.^[75]^[76] Philosophically, Aristotle's Rhetoric (Book III) advocates a "mean" in style—balancing clarity with avoidance of excess or deficiency—stating that good prose must be clear using ordinary words, neither prolix nor curt, to ensure intelligibility without poetic elaboration or undue brevity that confuses.^[4] In journalism ethics, codes like the Society of Professional Journalists' emphasize accountability through clarity, requiring journalists to "clarify and explain" coverage and minimize harm by avoiding obfuscating verbosity that could mislead audiences.^[77]

Practical Editing Techniques

Practical editing techniques provide actionable steps to identify and remove unnecessary words, enhancing clarity and impact in writing or speech. One effective method is the read-aloud test, where the editor vocalizes the text to assess natural flow and detect awkward phrasing or redundancy that disrupts rhythm.^[78] This technique reveals sentences that feel labored, allowing for immediate trimming to improve conciseness.^[79] Common techniques include eliminating unnecessary adverbs, which often weaken prose without adding value. For instance, replacing "very unique" with "unique" removes intensification that is redundant, as "unique" inherently means one of a kind.^[80] Similarly, substituting multi-word phrases with single equivalents streamlines sentences; "due to the fact that" can be changed to "because," reducing length while preserving meaning.^[81] Another approach is converting passive constructions to active voice, which typically shortens sentences and increases directness—for example, changing "The report was written by the team" to "The team wrote the report."^[82] Tools aid in systematic reduction of verbosity. Word count audits involve tracking initial and revised lengths to quantify cuts, using software like online counters to monitor progress during edits.^[83] Grammarly, in its premium version, flags redundancies such as repeated ideas or filler words, suggesting concise alternatives to streamline text.^[84] A step-by-step revision process often begins with a verbose first draft, followed by targeted trimming in subsequent passes to reduce length by 20-30% without losing essential content. Start by reading the draft aloud to flag convoluted sections, then eliminate redundancies and adverbs in a second pass. For example, an initial sentence like "The reason why the project was delayed is due to the fact that there were unexpected complications that arose suddenly" (18 words) can be revised to "Unexpected complications delayed the project" (4 words), cutting over 75% while retaining clarity.^[85] In the final pass, perform a word count audit and active voice check to ensure the text flows efficiently. This iterative method, drawing briefly on principles like Orwell's emphasis on precise language, yields tighter, more engaging writing.^[86]

References

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Qualifiers and intensifiers are words or phrases that are added to another word to modify its meaning, either by limiting it (He was somewhat busy) or by ...
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Jan 13, 2025 · Purple prose is a term used to describe writing that is excessively flowery in its style. It is prose that draws attention to itself by its stylistic excesses.Purple Prose | Definition &... · Purple Prose Characteristics · Purple Prose Examples
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Wordiness: Danger Signals and Ways to React | Writing Advice
Here are some common patterns of wordiness, with sensible things to do about them. Doubling of Words (choose one): Intensifiers, Qualifiers (omit or give ...Formulaic Phrases (use A... · Padded Verbs (use A One-Word... · Unnecessary ``to Be'' And...Missing: verbosity | Show results with:verbosity
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The Filibuster Explained | Brennan Center for Justice
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Chapter 33: Speech Structure – Effective Professional Communication
This chapter will show you how to outline your speech and give you several different elements you can use while designing it.
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Verbal Hedge: Definition and Examples - ThoughtCo
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Leaders, stop talking so much. Here's why it's hurting your team
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Brevity of speech or writing, often achieved by omitting conjunctions between words: “The courtier's, soldier's, scholar's eye, tongue, sword” (Hamlet 3.1. 150 ...Missing: perorations | Show results with:perorations
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Cicero's Attici (Chapter 7) - The Politics and Poetics of Cicero's Brutus
Atticism also could denote a rhetorical (rather than linguistic) tendency. And in this sense it was opposed to Asianism (or the Asians, Asiani), which is even ...Missing: verbosity | Show results with:verbosity
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Doublets and Triplets in English Legal Language - Academia.edu
Doublets and triplets in legal language consist of two or three synonyms used together. Tradition restricts lawyers from eliminating unnecessary synonyms in ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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The Later Styles of Henry James - jstor
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The World's Greatest Law Review Article - Lawhaha.com
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The Top 7 GDPR Email Disclaimer Examples - Exclaimer
In this guide, we will delve into the world of GDPR email disclaimers, covering everything from their purpose to best practices for creating them.
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TED Talks Are A Nightmare Of Shallow, Conceited Humblebraggery
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Social Communication and Language Characteristics Associated ...
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who are fluently verbal are not free of language and communication challenges.
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Verbosity | Psychology Today
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Generally, high-context cultures prefer oral communications, while low-context cultures favor written communications. When it comes to emails, texts, and online ...
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What are the differences between high context and low context ...
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French Communication Styles- The way in which you say something in France is almost as important as what is actually said.
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[PDF] Understanding Gender Differences in Amount of Talk
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Indian English - Definition and Examples - ThoughtCo
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The Elements of Style, by William Strunk—A Project Gutenberg eBook
13. Omit needless words. Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason ...
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The decline of a language must ultimately have political and economic causes: it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer.
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[PDF] Substantive Editing Versus Technical Editing
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Flow - The University Writing Center
Read your words aloud, or have someone else to read aloud to you, to hear if your sentences move smoothly. ... Reading aloud can help you test this. Listen ...
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Revising to Eliminate Wordiness - Guilford College Writing Manual
1. Eliminate redundancy. · 2. Strike out excess adjectives. · 3. Strike out redundant adverbs. · 4. Compress adverb clauses into participial phrases. · 5. Compress ...
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Eliminating Wordiness Exercise 1 - Purdue OWL
Revise these sentences to state their meaning in fewer words. Avoid passive voice, needless repetition, and wordy phrases and clauses.Missing: practical | Show results with:practical
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This handout will explain the difference between active and passive voice in writing. It gives examples of both, and shows how to turn a passive sentence ...Missing: verbosity | Show results with:verbosity<|separator|>
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Editor Counter - WordCounter.net
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Jun 2, 2022 · Inconsistencies will be flagged and Grammarly's suggestions will apply your preferred style to your entire document. Using Grammarly Premium ...Punctuation · Commas · Numbers, Times, And Dates
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Writing Concisely
Identifying and addressing wordiness in sentences · 1. Eliminate redundant pairs · 2. Delete unnecessary qualifiers · 3. Identify and reduce prepositional phrases.
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Tidy up wordy phrases - The Writing Center
Words to use · it is crucial that · it is necessary that · there is a need/necessity for · it is important that · it is incumbent upon · cannot be avoided.