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ASEA

Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA) was a Swedish multinational corporation specializing in electrical engineering, power generation, transmission, and industrial equipment, founded in 1883 in Västerås by Ludvig Fredholm as a producer of electrical lighting and generators.^[1]^[2] Initially focused on harnessing and applying electric power, ASEA expanded through mergers, including with Wenström & Granström's electrical machinery firm, to become a leader in heavy electrical apparatus such as transformers, motors, and turbines.^[3] Key achievements included constructing Sweden's first three-phase AC transmission line in 1893 and building the nation's inaugural nuclear power plant at Ågesta in 1972, followed by nine of its twelve operational reactors.^[3]^[1] In 1988, ASEA merged with Switzerland's Brown, Boveri & Cie (BBC) in a union of equals to form ABB Asea Brown Boveri, creating a global powerhouse in electrification and automation headquartered in Zurich.^[4] This merger preserved ASEA's technological legacy while enabling broader international scale, though it marked the end of ASEA as an independent entity.^[1]

History

Founding and Early Development

ASEA was founded in 2007 by Verdis Norton, a retired executive with extensive experience leading large corporations, including roles that involved managing billion-dollar operations.^[5] Norton became involved after serving on the board of a biotech firm researching redox signaling molecules, where financial difficulties prompted him to partner with Jim Pack to acquire the underlying technology.^[5] This acquisition formed the basis for ASEA's focus on developing a stable, consumable form of redox signaling molecules in saline solution, aiming to support cellular communication without altering the body's natural processes. Early development centered on overcoming technical challenges in stabilizing these reactive molecules for shelf-life and safety, involving iterative research and testing to ensure production scalability.^[5] The company, headquartered in Pleasant Grove, Utah, prioritized a direct-sales model from inception to distribute the product directly to consumers.^[6] By 2009, the flagship ASEA Redox Supplement was introduced in limited markets, with a formal commercial launch in 2010 following validation of its formulation.^[7] This period marked ASEA's transition from technology acquisition to product commercialization, establishing redox signaling as its core innovation.^[5]

Key Milestones and Expansion

ASEA was established in 2007 by Verdis Norton, a business strategist with experience leading multinational corporations, drawing inspiration from the concept of rejuvenation symbolized by the sea.^[8]^[9] The company focused on developing a supplement based on redox signaling technology, initially under related entities before formalizing operations. By 2009, initial sales of the product began, culminating in an official launch of the ASEA Redox Supplement in 2010, which marked the company's entry into the direct selling market.^[10] In 2014, ASEA expanded its product offerings with the introduction of RENU 28, a redox-infused topical skin gel designed to complement the core supplement.^[5] By 2015, five years after launch, the company reported profitability and financial stability, earning recognition from Direct Selling News as one of the top 100 direct sales companies globally.^[5] This period reflected steady growth in distributor networks and production capacity, including a 33,000-square-foot FDA-registered facility compliant with NSF and GMP standards.^[5] A strategic infrastructure build-out in 2018 positioned ASEA for accelerated expansion, reinforcing its focus on cellular health within the direct selling sector.^[6] The company grew internationally, operating in 25 markets by the mid-2010s and hosting global conventions, such as the 2023 event in Fort Worth, Texas, to support distributor training and networking.^[5]^[11] In 2025, ASEA commemorated its 15th anniversary—counting from the 2010 product launch—with plans for enhanced innovation and direct sales commitment, including a convention in Cancun, Mexico.^[12]^[13] This milestone underscored sustained growth without major acquisitions, relying instead on organic expansion through multi-level marketing channels.^[12]

Products and Technology

Core Redox Supplement

The ASEA Core Redox Supplement, also known as ASEA Redox Supplement, is a dietary supplement produced by ASEA Global that consists primarily of purified water and sodium chloride subjected to a proprietary electrochemical process to generate stabilized redox signaling molecules. These molecules are claimed by the company to facilitate cellular communication, repair, and immune function by mimicking naturally occurring reactive species in the body, such as mixtures of oxidants and reductants.^[14]^[15]^[16] Each 32-ounce bottle contains 125 milligrams of sodium (7% of the Daily Value) and 193 milligrams of chloride (6% of the Daily Value), with the redox molecules formed through a patented restructuring of the saline solution. The manufacturing process begins with local water undergoing filtration, softening, and reverse osmosis purification before salt is added and the solution is processed in a controlled electrochemical environment to achieve molecular stability, followed by rigorous quality testing calibrated to NIST standards in an FDA-compliant facility.^[17]^[18]^[19] The recommended dosage is 2 fluid ounces taken twice daily, either swallowed directly or held in the mouth for up to 30 seconds to enhance absorption, with a 32-ounce bottle providing approximately one week of use at the initial loading dose of 4 ounces per day before maintenance. The product is unflavored, non-carbonated, and positioned as a foundational supplement in ASEA's lineup, intended for oral consumption without added sugars or artificial ingredients.^[20]^[21]^[22]

Additional Product Lines

ASEA has expanded its offerings beyond the core ASEA Redox Supplement to include topical applications and nutritional products, all incorporating redox signaling technology or complementary formulations. These lines target skin health, muscle recovery, and systemic nutrition, with sales figures indicating market traction: over 11 million units of RENU28 gel sold, more than 340,000 units of REDOXGold, and hundreds of thousands across VIA products as of October 2025.^[23] The RENU product line focuses on skincare, featuring RENU28 Revitalizing Redox Gel, a topical gel applied to support skin renewal through redox molecules, priced at $43–$54 per tube.^[24] Complementary items include the RENUAdvanced system—comprising Foaming Cleanser ($25–$31.25), Balancing Toner ($30–$37.50), Hydrating Cream ($60–$75), and Glow Serum ($70–$87.50)—designed to cleanse, balance, and moisturize skin, with over 228,000 Glow Serum units sold.^[23] Additional skincare options encompass the REDOX Clay Mask ($40–$50) for impurity removal and Intensive Redox Serum ($80–$100) for skin firmness.^[23] REDOXGold Massage + Soothing Gel, launched in February 2025, targets post-exercise recovery with redox molecules and 24-karat gold microparticles for cooling relief, absorbing quickly without residue and priced at $55–$70 per 90 ml tube.^[25]^[26] The VIA nutritional line provides whole-food-based supplements: VIA Source ($55–$70) for cellular nutrition, VIA LifeMax ($70–$85) for vitality support, VIA Biome ($50–$65) for gut health, and VIA Omega ($45–$55) for omega fatty acids, with over 371,000 Biome units sold.^[23] These products aim to complement redox supplementation but lack independent verification of synergistic effects beyond company descriptions.^[23]

Business Operations

Multi-Level Marketing Model

ASEA employs a multi-level marketing (MLM) structure in which independent associates, also known as distributors, earn income primarily through direct product sales to customers and recruitment of additional associates to form a downline organization. Associates enroll by purchasing a starter kit and qualifying products, then generate personal volume (PV) through personal purchases or sales to maintain active status and eligibility for commissions. The model emphasizes building a binary sponsorship tree, consisting of a left and right leg, where team commissions are calculated based on the lesser volume between the two legs to incentivize balance and recruitment.^[27]^[28] The compensation plan outlines eight primary earning mechanisms: retail profits from reselling products at a markup (typically 20-30% above wholesale), preferred customer enrollment bonuses, fast-start bonuses for rapid rank advancement (e.g., achieving Director rank within 14 days by enrolling associates with at least 100 PV in both legs), team commissions (10% on the weaker leg's group volume), check match bonuses matching a percentage of downline earnings (up to 50% at higher ranks), leadership pools distributing global volume shares to executive ranks (Bronze and above), rank advancement incentives, and legacy bonuses for sustained high-level performance. Rank progression—from Associate to Director, Bronze, Silver, Gold, Platinum, Diamond, and beyond—requires accumulating balanced PV in personal and team legs, with each advancement unlocking higher commission percentages and bonus pools; for instance, Bronze rank necessitates qualified legs ending at that level in the sponsorship tree.^[29]^[30]^[31] ASEA's 2020 income disclosure statement, based on active U.S. associates receiving commissions, reveals a skewed earnings distribution heavily weighted toward lower ranks. Entry-level Directors (2.8% of actives) averaged $4,150 in annual gross commissions, while Director 300 (8.1%) averaged $5,400; higher ranks like Bronze (0.1%, avg. $23,562) and Silver (0.08%, avg. $43,044) represented smaller fractions, with executive levels (e.g., Platinum at 0.03%, avg. $126,607; Diamond at 0.01%, avg. $192,757) comprising less than 1% combined. The statement notes these figures reflect gross commissions before expenses such as product purchases, travel, or marketing costs, which are not deducted, and results vary based on individual effort without guaranteeing income; approximately 87% of active associates were at Director-level ranks or equivalent, indicating limited upward mobility for most participants.^[32] No publicly available disclosures for 2023-2025 were identified, though the plan's structure remains consistent with prior descriptions.^[27]

Leadership and Management

ASEA's corporate leadership is led by co-founder and chairman Tyler Norton, who established the company in 2007 alongside Verdis Norton and has since guided its strategic vision, emphasizing principles of human potential, gratitude, and ethical direct sales practices.^[33]^[34] Norton, drawing from prior entrepreneurial experience, has positioned ASEA as a pioneer in redox-based wellness products within the multi-level marketing sector, overseeing expansion into over 25 markets globally.^[35] On November 27, 2024, Jarom Webb was appointed chief executive officer, replacing Scott Aldred who retired after serving in the role since 2023.^[33]^[36] Webb, a founding executive since 2009, previously held positions as chief financial officer, chief operating officer, president from 2012 to 2023, and vice chairman, during which he managed global operations, finances, and revenue growth in the direct sales industry.^[35]^[37] A graduate of the University of Utah's David Eccles School of Business, Webb has been instrumental in ASEA's product launches and international scaling.^[38] The executive team includes specialized roles such as chief revenue officer Joerg Hoeche and chief financial officer Dave Wall, supporting ASEA's focus on sales distribution and financial oversight in its MLM framework.^[39] Management draws from direct sales expertise, with prior leaders like Aldred contributing over two decades in network marketing operations before his tenure at ASEA.^[40] In January 2025, Norton and Webb outlined core strategies for sustained growth, including enhanced distributor support and redox technology innovation, amid the company's 15th anniversary.^[12]

Scientific Claims and Evidence

Redox Signaling Fundamentals

Redox signaling refers to the process by which reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and other redox-active molecules function as second messengers to regulate cellular functions through reversible oxidation-reduction reactions.^[41] At physiological concentrations, these species modulate protein activity, gene expression, and signaling pathways by targeting redox-sensitive motifs, such as cysteine thiols in proteins, enabling thiol-disulfide exchanges that act as molecular switches.^[42] This contrasts with pathological oxidative stress, where excessive ROS levels cause irreversible damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA.^[43] Key ROS involved include hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide anion (O₂⁻), and hydroxyl radical (•OH), generated endogenously by enzymes like NADPH oxidases (NOX), mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, and xanthine oxidases.^[44] These molecules propagate signals by diffusing short distances to oxidize specific targets, such as phosphatases (e.g., PTEN or PTP1B), thereby activating kinases like PI3K/Akt or MAPK pathways that control proliferation, migration, and survival.^[45] Redox homeostasis is maintained by antioxidant systems, including glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), which prevent signaling from escalating into cytotoxicity while allowing hormetic responses—adaptive improvements from mild perturbations.^[46] In cellular processes, redox signaling influences diverse outcomes: low ROS levels promote differentiation and repair in tissues like endothelium and neurons, while transient bursts trigger apoptosis or inflammation via NF-κB or HIF-1α activation.^[47] For instance, NOX-derived ROS mediate vascular tone by modulating ion channels and cytoskeletal dynamics.^[48] Dysregulation, often from chronic exposure to environmental oxidants, disrupts this balance, contributing to aging, neurodegeneration, and cancer, underscoring the dual role of ROS as regulators rather than mere byproducts.^[49] Empirical evidence from genetically modified models, such as NOX knockout mice, confirms that targeted ROS production is essential for normal physiology, not just stress responses.^[50]

Company-Sponsored Research

ASEA has commissioned multiple studies through third-party laboratories to examine the effects of its redox signaling products, primarily focusing on cellular mechanisms, safety, and topical applications rather than large-scale clinical outcomes for systemic health claims. In 2015, the company engaged Stephens & Associates to evaluate redox signaling's impact on skin cell turnover and peripheral blood flow using RENU28 gel. The study reported increased blood flow and stimulated cell renewal in the skin, as measured by clinical assessments of participants applying the product.^[51] Additional commissioned research includes an in vitro safety study by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in 2016, which assessed the toxicity of ASEA Redox Supplement on eukaryotic cells. Results indicated no significant adverse cellular responses, supporting claims of product safety at the cellular level.^[52] ASEA also partnered with Taueret Laboratories for an observational gene expression study on ASEA Redox Supplement, finding alterations in signaling pathway genes associated with cellular communication and response.^[53] For its skincare lines, ASEA sponsored a clinical dermatological evaluation by Stephens & Associates on RENU Advanced products, analyzing anti-aging effects through participant applications and skin metrics. Outcomes suggested improvements in skin appearance and hydration, though these were limited to topical efficacy.^[54] These studies, while providing data on specific mechanisms, have generally not been published in independent peer-reviewed journals and rely on company-selected endpoints, with sample sizes and methodologies tailored to product validation rather than broad therapeutic efficacy. Recent efforts include funding research on formulations like REDOXGold gel, with results submitted for peer review as of 2025, but detailed outcomes remain pending independent verification.^[55]

Independent Evaluations and Skepticism

Independent studies have largely failed to substantiate ASEA's claims of enhanced athletic performance or recovery. A 2012 double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition examined the effects of ASEA supplementation on ventilatory threshold and maximal oxygen consumption in trained cyclists; while an initial pilot suggested minor improvements, a larger follow-up found no significant benefits in aerobic capacity or lactate threshold among young, fit males after two weeks of daily intake.^[56] Similarly, a 2013 study in the Journal of Sports Health tested ASEA's impact on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and recovery following resistance exercise in recreationally active adults, concluding that it neither reduced soreness symptoms nor accelerated recovery metrics like strength or perceived exertion.^[57] Skeptics, including those from academic institutions, have questioned the foundational science behind ASEA's redox signaling claims, noting that the product's active molecules—allegedly stabilized reactive species—are chemically unstable in aqueous solutions and unlikely to survive gastrointestinal digestion intact to exert systemic effects.^[58] The McGill University Office for Science and Society described ASEA as essentially electrolyzed saltwater with no clear mechanistic link to intercellular redox signaling, arguing that free radicals as "messengers" contradict established biology where such species are typically destructive rather than therapeutic when ingested.^[58] Science-Based Medicine reviewed available data in 2017, highlighting the absence of rigorous, independent randomized controlled trials demonstrating clinical efficacy beyond placebo, and critiquing promotional anecdotes—like unverified claims of regenerating a baby's heart valve—as lacking medical corroboration.^[59] Critics also point to the paucity of peer-reviewed evidence from non-company-affiliated researchers, with most positive findings limited to in vitro assays or small observational studies prone to bias. For instance, while ASEA cites gene expression changes in exploratory work, independent replication has not confirmed physiological benefits in human outcomes, leading outlets like the Skeptical Inquirer to label extraordinary health assertions as unsubstantiated hype akin to other wellness fads.^[60] This evidentiary gap fuels broader skepticism, positioning ASEA within a pattern of supplements where molecular novelty overshadows empirical validation.

Controversies and Criticisms

Health Claim Disputes

ASEA's marketing of its Redox supplement has included claims of enhancing cellular communication, boosting antioxidant efficiency, and supporting immune and detoxification processes through redox signaling molecules. These assertions have sparked disputes, primarily over insufficient independent evidence and regulatory non-compliance. Critics contend that while intracellular redox signaling plays a role in cellular homeostasis, oral delivery of purported signaling molecules in a saline solution lacks mechanistic plausibility due to their instability in the gastrointestinal tract and bloodstream.^[61] In May 2023, the UK's Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) investigated complaints against ASEA advertisements featuring claims such as "boosts antioxidant efficiency by 500-800% in 72 hours," "triggers genetic expression," "improves athletic performance," "regulates inflammatory response," and "100% kill in under 30 seconds for all tested bacteria and viruses." The ASA ruled these unsubstantiated, noting that specific health claims were not authorized under the Great Britain Nutrition and Health Claims register, general efficacy claims lacked supporting authorized specifics, and several implied prevention or treatment of diseases, violating CAP Code rules 15.1, 15.2, 15.6, and 15.7. ASEA was directed to cease such advertising and ensure future claims comply with evidentiary standards.^[62] Independent peer-reviewed research has failed to corroborate performance-enhancing effects. A 2019 double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study involving 11 physically active young adults (mean age 21.9 years) tested 2 weeks of daily ASEA ingestion (4 oz/day) against placebo, measuring VO₂ max and ventilatory threshold via three maximal exercise tests. Results showed no significant differences: VO₂ max remained at 53.7 ± 10.1 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ post-ASEA versus 53.6 ± 9.1 post-placebo (P=0.172), with similar non-significance for ventilatory threshold (P=0.678) and other metrics like time to exhaustion. Authors concluded ASEA does not enhance aerobic capacity or ventilatory threshold, marking the first such independent evaluation.^[56] Scientific commentators have amplified these concerns. A 2017 analysis by McGill University's Office for Science and Society described ASEA as essentially distilled water with salt, questioning the survival and bioavailability of claimed reactive molecules and dismissing testimonials as placebo-driven without rigorous trials. Similarly, a 2014 review on Science-Based Medicine by physician Harriet Hall argued ASEA provides no verifiable health benefits, emphasizing the company's burden to prove efficacy amid zero relevant PubMed-indexed studies on the product and critiques of preliminary, unpublished trials showing inconclusive results. Disputes persist as ASEA relies on internal validations, while skeptics demand randomized controlled trials demonstrating causal links to health outcomes beyond redox molecule presence.^[61]

Regulatory and Legal Scrutiny

In 2023, the UK's Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) investigated an advertisement for ASEA REDOX Cell Signalling Supplement disseminated by ASEA LLC, ruling it in breach of the CAP Code for making unauthorized specific health claims, such as boosting antioxidant efficiency by 500-800% within 72 hours and killing 100% of bacteria and viruses in under 30 seconds.^[62] The ASA determined these assertions implied prevention or treatment of diseases, including by regulating inflammatory responses and improving immune, cardiovascular, and gut health, without substantiation or authorization on the Great Britain health claims register.^[62] ASEA LLC responded that the ad originated from an unapproved distributor not intended for the UK market and committed to preventing recurrence, but the ASA prohibited its reappearance and required future compliance with rules on food supplement claims.^[62] In the United States, ASEA products are classified as dietary supplements, exempt from pre-market FDA approval but required to avoid disease treatment claims and ensure labeling truthfulness under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.^[63] Public submissions to the FDA in 2023 highlighted potentially unauthorized claims for ASEA REDOX variants, such as supporting neurotransmitter function for brain energy metabolism, reducing oxidative stress, and promoting neurotransmitter production for mood uplift, arguing these exceeded permitted supplement structure-function descriptions.^[64] No formal FDA enforcement actions, warning letters, or injunctions against ASEA for adulteration or misbranding were identified in regulatory records as of 2025. ASEA LLC received a 2023 FTC notice of penalty offenses concerning endorsements and testimonials, a standard advisory to numerous companies on potential liability for deceptive practices, but no subsequent FTC complaint, investigation, or settlement involving ASEA's marketing or MLM operations has been documented.^[65] Similarly, no class-action lawsuits or court rulings have challenged ASEA's supplement efficacy, pricing, or distributor compensation as fraudulent or pyramid-like under U.S. law.

MLM Structure Concerns

ASEA operates as a multi-level marketing company, utilizing a binary compensation plan that rewards distributors primarily through recruitment of downline associates and team sales volume rather than individual retail sales. Critics argue this structure incentivizes aggressive recruitment over genuine product demand, potentially resembling a pyramid scheme where early participants profit at the expense of later entrants who face market saturation. The Federal Trade Commission distinguishes legitimate MLMs from illegal pyramids by emphasizing that income should derive mainly from product sales to non-participants, not internal purchases or recruitment; however, ASEA's model has drawn scrutiny for high distributor costs and low retail margins, with products priced at approximately $35–$40 per 32-ounce bottle, limiting viable customer sales outside the network.^[66]^[29] ASEA's income disclosure statements reveal stark disparities in earnings, with the vast majority of associates earning minimal commissions. For instance, in data from 2019, average annual gross income for active associates was calculated based on paid ranks, but only a small fraction—typically less than 1%—achieved ranks qualifying for substantial payouts, such as executive or higher levels, while over 90% reported incomes below $1,000 annually after expenses like product purchases and marketing fees. These disclosures, mandated for transparency, underscore that success requires building large downlines, often involving ongoing personal investments exceeding $500–$1,000 monthly in inventory and tools, leading to net financial losses for most participants amid high attrition rates common in MLMs, where over 75% of distributors quit within a year.^[67]^[68] Regulatory actions highlight structural vulnerabilities. In 2018, Italy's Antitrust Authority fined ASEA €150,000 for unfair commercial practices, determining that its sales mechanisms prioritized network expansion over product sales to end consumers, effectively functioning as a recruitment-driven scheme. While no U.S. pyramid scheme lawsuits have targeted ASEA directly, the company's emphasis on "preferred customers" (auto-ship enrollees) and team-building bonuses aligns with broader FTC warnings about MLMs where internal consumption inflates reported sales without corresponding external demand. Independent analyses, including consumer protection reports, note that such models often result in 99% of participants losing money when factoring in time, travel, and unsold inventory, perpetuating a cycle of recruitment to offset personal shortfalls.

Reception and Impact

Market Performance and Sales

ASEA's annual revenues, derived from direct sales of its redox signaling products through a multi-level marketing model, peaked at an estimated $188 million in 2021 before experiencing consecutive declines.^[69] In 2022, revenue fell to $170 million, followed by estimates of $160 million in 2023 and $150 million in 2024, reflecting a compound annual decline of approximately 7% from the 2021 high.^[69] These figures, compiled by industry analysts from company-submitted and public data, position ASEA as a mid-tier player in the global direct selling sector, which totaled over $180 billion in retail sales as of 2019.^[70] The company has maintained consistent recognition in direct selling rankings, placing #43 on the Direct Selling News Global 100 list for five consecutive years through 2022, based on verified net sales revenue excluding commissions and taxes.^[71] Independent industry evaluations, such as those from Business For Home, rated ASEA as a "Triple AAA+" opportunity for 2023 and 2024, citing its revenue stability relative to peers despite broader MLM market challenges like distributor attrition and regulatory pressures.^[72] Sales growth earlier in the decade, from $170 million in 2019 to $178 million in 2020, aligned with expanded market entry into over 30 countries, primarily in North America, Europe, and select Asian regions.^[69]^[70] Product sales are driven by core offerings like the ASEA Redox Supplement and RENU topical gels, distributed exclusively via independent associates rather than retail channels.^[73] While exact distributor counts remain undisclosed, the model's reliance on associate recruitment and personal volume contributes to revenue volatility, with post-2021 downturns attributable to saturated markets and competition in the wellness supplement niche.^[69] ASEA's private status limits granular financial transparency, but available estimates indicate operational sustainability without reported insolvency risks as of 2024.^[69]

User Experiences and Testimonials

Users of ASEA redox supplements have reported a range of experiences, with positive testimonials often citing improvements in energy levels, sleep quality, and relief from chronic conditions such as hemorrhoids, frozen shoulder, and joint discomfort.^[74] For instance, one reviewer in July 2025 noted resolution of long-standing hemorrhoids after using the product, while others in 2024 and 2025 described enhanced vitality and restored menstrual cycles.^[74] These accounts, however, frequently come from individuals affiliated with ASEA's multi-level marketing model, where distributors may have incentives to share favorable outcomes.^[74] In contrast, independent user reports frequently express disappointment over lack of effects. One individual who tried ASEA for two separate one-month periods in 2021 reported no changes in health or performance, leading to skepticism about its efficacy.^[75] Forum discussions similarly characterize the supplement as ineffective, likening it to overpriced salted tap water with no discernible benefits beyond basic hydration.^[76] Critics in these contexts often highlight the absence of personal improvements despite high costs, attributing positive claims elsewhere to placebo effects or promotional bias rather than verifiable results.^[58]^[75] Overall, anecdotal evidence remains divided, with no controlled studies confirming user-reported benefits.

Expert and Media Assessments

Experts in redox biology and exercise physiology have expressed significant skepticism regarding ASEA's claims that its redox supplement, essentially saline water purported to contain stable signaling molecules, delivers systemic health benefits such as improved cellular communication or athletic performance. A peer-reviewed study published in the Journal of Exercise Physiology by researchers at Utah State University in 2019 tested ASEA on trained males and found no improvements in aerobic capacity (VO2 max) or ventilatory threshold, contradicting manufacturer assertions of enhanced endurance.^[56] Similarly, the McGill University Office for Science and Society, in a 2017 analysis by science communicator Jonathan Jarry, dismissed ASEA's redox signaling mechanism as implausible, noting that reactive oxygen species degrade rapidly and cannot be meaningfully supplemented via oral saline intake, with no robust evidence linking it to health outcomes beyond placebo effects.^[58] Physician and skeptic Harriet Hall, writing for Science-Based Medicine in 2012 and updated in 2017, critiqued ASEA's reliance on proprietary testing without independent replication, emphasizing that detection of molecules in the product does not equate to bioavailability or efficacy in humans, and highlighting the absence of large-scale, randomized controlled trials supporting therapeutic claims.^[77] Independent evaluations contrast sharply with ASEA-sponsored research, which reports reductions in oxidative stress biomarkers in small cohorts but often lacks blinding or controls, as noted in critiques of abstracts presented at conferences without full peer-reviewed publication.^[59] Media coverage has largely echoed these expert doubts, portraying ASEA as pseudoscientific hype within an MLM framework. The UK's Advertising Standards Authority ruled against ASEA in 2023 for unsubstantiated health claims in promotional materials, deeming them misleading as the product lacks approval for medical use and evidence fails to substantiate benefits like immune support.^[62] Outlets like Science-Based Medicine have described it as "expensive salt water" with claims unsupported by causal mechanisms from first principles of biochemistry, where intracellular redox processes cannot be externally manipulated via ingestion without degradation.^[59] While some wellness media amplify anecdotal successes, rigorous assessments prioritize empirical failures in performance and biomarker studies over unverified testimonials.

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Average paid rank is rounded to the nearest rank and is used to account for weekly paid rank variation. ASEA® establishes this calculation from individual ...Missing: MLM | Show results with:MLM
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ASEA announces leadership transition: Scott Aldred retires as CEO ...
Nov 27, 2024 · ASEA is xcited to introduce Jarom Webb as our new CEO. Webb has played an integral role in leading ASEA's growth and success since the ...
[34]
Tyler Norton - Founder & Chair at ASEA - The Org
Tyler is co-founder and chairman of the board at ASEA Global, a top-50 global direct sales organization doing business in 33 countries around the world.
[35]
ASEA Appoints Jarom Webb As New CEO - Business For Home
Nov 28, 2024 · Webb is a deeply experienced leader who has been part of ASEA as a founding executive with Norton since 2009. Serving as president from 2012 to ...Missing: background | Show results with:background
[36]
ASEA announces leadership transition: Scott Aldred retires as CEO ...
Nov 27, 2024 · ASEA announces leadership transition: Scott Aldred retires as CEO and Jarom Webb appointed new CEO.
[37]
Jarom Webb - ASEA, LLC | LinkedIn
Experience: ASEA, LLC · Education: University of Utah - David Eccles School of Business · Location: Pleasant Grove · 500+ connections on LinkedIn.
[38]
Jarom Webb - Direct Selling News
Dec 2, 2024 · Webb is one of ASEA's founding executives and previously served as President and Vice Chairman of the Board where he played an integral role in ...Missing: background | Show results with:background
[39]
ASEA, LLC Management Team | Org Chart - RocketReach
The ASEA, LLC management team includes Jarom Webb (Chief Executive Officer), Joerg Hoeche (Chief Revenue Officer), and Dave Wall (Chief Financial Officer). ASEA ...
[40]
Leadership - ASEA Corporate - Redoxsignaling
Tyler Norton Tyler is co-founder and chairman of the board at ASEA Global, a top-50 global direct sales organization doing business in 33 countries around the ...
[41]
Fundamentals of redox regulation in biology - PMC - PubMed Central
The balance between oxidants and antioxidants is obtained by redox regulation, which encompasses redox sensing, redox signalling, redox responses and feedback ...
[42]
Redox Signaling by Reactive Electrophiles and Oxidants - PubMed
Sep 26, 2018 · For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/ ...
[43]
ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress - PubMed - NIH
May 19, 2014 · Redox biology involves a small increase in ROS levels that activates signaling pathways to initiate biological processes, while oxidative stress ...
[44]
Redox metabolism: ROS as specific molecular regulators of cell ...
Sep 16, 2021 · Multiple ROS-generating and ROS-eliminating systems actively maintain the intracellular redox state, which serves to mediate redox signaling and ...
[45]
Review ROS Function in Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress
May 19, 2014 · Redox signaling is required for numerous cellular processes, as indicated by the role of ROS in proper cellular differentiation, tissue ...
[46]
Redox signaling at the crossroads of human health and disease - PMC
Redox homeostasis is essential for human health, supported by multiple functional signaling pathways including the Keap1‐Nrf2, FOXO, HIF and NF‐κB pathways.
[47]
Physiological Signaling Functions of Reactive Oxygen Species in ...
In this review, we discuss the physiological functions of intracellular ROS, both as a redox signal and a secondary messenger of various cell signaling pathways ...Introduction · Pathways of ROS Generation... · Physiological ROS Signaling
[48]
Reactive Oxygen Species in Metabolic and Inflammatory Signaling
Mar 16, 2018 · Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in mediating both physiological and pathophysiological signal transduction.<|control11|><|separator|>
[49]
ROS: Basic Concepts, Sources, Cellular Signaling, and its ...
ROS-mediated redox signaling is present in various biological events associated with aging, including inflammation, proliferation, cell death, senescence, ...
[50]
Redox regulation: mechanisms, biology and therapeutic targets in ...
Mar 7, 2025 · In this review, we have summarized the mechanisms through which redox signaling pathways regulate human diseases as well as the current ...
[51]
Scientific Validation for ASEA Products - ASEA Science
Nov 22, 2019 · * In particular, they experienced lowering the oxidized form of LDL cholesterol, suggesting that ASEA Redox Supplement may help reduce oxidative ...
[52]
ASEA Redox Supplement In Vitro Product Safety Study
Oct 7, 2016 · ASEA commissioned Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to study the toxicity response of eukaryotic cells when in contact with ASEA Redox ...
[53]
https://aseascience.com/research/redox-supplement/initial-gene-study-showed-asea-redox-affected-important-signaling-pathway-genes/
[54]
[PDF] Scientific Validation of ASEA RENU Advanced Skin Care
ASEA commissioned Stephens & Associates to study the effects of redox signaling on blood flow and cell turnover, with specific emphasis on the skin. Stephens & ...
[55]
Harnessing the Power of Gold in ASEA's Latest Release
Jul 22, 2025 · ASEA® has launched REDOXGold, a topical massage gel that features microparticles of 24-karat gold, developed in partnership with researchers ...<|separator|>
[56]
"ASEA Redox Supplement Fails to Improve Aerobic Capacity and ...
The purpose of this study was to determine if ASEA improves aerobic capacity (VO 2 max) and/or ventilatory threshold (VT) of physically active subjects.
[57]
The effects of ASEA on recovery from a single bout of resistance ...
Nov 28, 2013 · The results of this study suggest that ASEA does not alleviate DOMS symptoms or enhance recovery in the manner and population tested in this ...<|separator|>
[58]
Can ASEA Improve Health as Advertised? - McGill University
Mar 20, 2017 · Asea is a proprietary blend of naturally occurring reactive molecules derived from a patented redox balance process.Missing: timeline | Show results with:timeline
[59]
Update on ASEA, Protandim, and dōTERRA
Nov 7, 2017 · It was essentially negative: ASEA did not improve time trial performance. They found that it caused a significant shift (good or bad?) in 43 ...Missing: criticism | Show results with:criticism
[60]
Did Salt Water Supplement Regenerate Baby's Heart Valve?
May 17, 2018 · The Redox Ireland Facebook page repeats the story, saying she was born without heart valve. But there is a somewhat different story on the ...
[61]
Accused of Lying about ASEA: Not Guilty | Science-Based Medicine
Mar 11, 2014 · It has not been established that ASEA offers any health benefits. He complains that I don't have any evidence that ASEA doesn't work, and of course I don't.<|separator|>
[62]
ASEA LLC - ASA | CAP - Advertising Standards Authority
May 24, 2023 · We told ASEA LLC t/a ASEA Redox not to claim that a food could treat, prevent, or cure human disease, to ensure that any specific health claims ...Missing: disputes | Show results with:disputes
[63]
ASEA and The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Oct 16, 2016 · ASEA Redox Supplement is classified as a dietary supplement in the United States. Although the FDA does not sanction approval processes for dietary supplements.
[64]
2022-2205 - asea, llc - multiple claims (3) - Regulations.gov
Jan 16, 2023 · ASEA, LLC - 1 - ASEA REDOXEnergy Cell Performance - Supports functioning of the neurotransmitters to help energy metabolism in brain cells, ...Missing: supplement health
[65]
[PDF] List of April 2023 Recipients of the FTC's Notice of Penalty Offenses ...
List of April 2023 Recipients of the FTC's Notice of Penalty Offenses Concerning ... Asea, LLC. AstaReal Inc. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP. AstraZeneca plc ...Missing: redox complaint
[66]
Multi-Level Marketing Businesses and Pyramid Schemes
Some multi-level marketing businesses are illegal pyramid schemes. Before joining an MLM program, here are some things to know.
[67]
[PDF] 2019 income disclosure statement
Average paid rank is rounded to the nearest rank and is used to account for weekly paid rank variation. ASEA establishes this calculation from individual ...Missing: MLM earnings
[68]
Is ASEA a Pyramid Scheme? [Selling Salt Water for Big Bucks?]
Is ASEA a pyramid scheme, or a legit business opportunity? Will these products produce miracles, or is this simply salt water in fancy packaging? Find out!<|separator|>
[69]
ASEA (American company) - Wikipedia
ASEA is a privately owned international direct selling and multi-level marketing company founded in 2007 and headquartered in Pleasant Grove, Utah.
[70]
ASEA - Direct Selling Facts, Figures and News - Business For Home
Rating 5.0 (5) Revenue 2022$170.00. Est. Revenue 2023$160.00. Est. Revenue 2024$150.00. $150 mln $160 mln $170 mln $188 mln $178 mln $170 mln 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019.
[71]
ASEA International | A Noble Purpose
According to the World Federation of Direct Selling Association, global retail sales from direct selling reached $180.5 Billion in 2019, with over 118 million ...Missing: revenue | Show results with:revenue
[72]
ASEA top 100 five years and going.
Jun 8, 2023 · We are excited to share that for the fifth year in a row ASEA is among the top 100 direct selling companies in the world, ranking #43, based on 2022 revenue.
[73]
ASEA Ranked As Triple AAA+ Opportunity For 2023 And 2024
Oct 12, 2023 · ASEA is ranked as a Triple AAA+ company, meaning it has the highest recommendation from Business For Home for 2023 and 2024.<|separator|>
[74]
Where is ASEA, LLC Located? HQ & Global Offices (2025)
... 2024, securing the #47 spot. The ranking is based on ASEA's reported revenue of $178 million for the 2023 fiscal year, underscoring its continued ...Missing: figures | Show results with:figures
[75]
ASEA is rated "Great" with 3.9 / 5 on Trustpilot
### Summary of ASEA Product Reviews on Health and Personal Experiences
[76]
AITA for telling my mother to stop trying to scam me? : r/AmItheAsshole
Jul 14, 2021 · My mom (42) is in an MLM and has made that pretty much her whole life, second only to her religion. She's invested in a pyramid scheme company called 'Asea'.
[77]
TBM Gullibility : r/exmormon - Reddit
Apr 29, 2015 · Mine: ASEA : Why not pay $100 for a bottle of Salt Lake City tap water with some salt added to it?<|separator|>
[78]
Fan Mail from an ASEA Supporter | Science-Based Medicine
Nov 13, 2012 · The initial e-mail was in response to the article I wrote about ASEA, a diet supplement described as a “life-changing” health aid.