Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

BDP

Boogie Down Productions (BDP) was an American hip hop group formed in the Bronx, New York City, in 1986, initially comprising Lawrence "KRS-One" Parker as lead MC, Scott "La Rock" Monroe as DJ and producer, and later Derrick "D-Nice" Jones as DJ.^[1] Pioneering a fusion of raw street-level storytelling and socially conscious themes, BDP's debut album Criminal Minded (1987) introduced minimalist, sample-heavy production and lyrics addressing urban violence, education, and self-reliance, marking a shift toward intellectual depth in East Coast rap.^[2] The group's trajectory was altered by La Rock's fatal shooting in August 1987 amid Bronx gang tensions, after which KRS-One reoriented BDP toward philosophy-inspired advocacy for knowledge reigns supreme ("KRS" philosophy), evident in albums like By All Means Necessary (1988), which critiqued materialism and promoted empowerment.^[3] BDP's innovations, including KRS-One's solo extensions of the crew's ethos through lectures and battles, solidified their legacy as architects of conscious hip hop, influencing artists from Tupac Shakur to modern lyricists while sparking debates over authenticity in rap's origins via rivalries like the Bridge Wars with Queensbridge crews.^[1]^[2]

Politics

Botswana Democratic Party

The Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) was founded on February 28, 1962, by Seretse Khama as a merger of moderate nationalist groups in Bechuanaland, emphasizing pragmatic governance and economic development over radical ideologies.^[4] Under Khama's leadership, the party won the 1965 pre-independence elections and guided Botswana to sovereignty on September 30, 1966, with Khama becoming the nation's first president.^[5] The BDP maintained uninterrupted control of the presidency and a parliamentary majority from independence through the 2019 elections, governing for 58 years until its defeat in 2024.^[6] The party's center-right orientation prioritized market-driven policies, including fiscal prudence and partnerships with private entities like De Beers for diamond extraction, which fueled sustained economic expansion.^[7] Botswana transitioned from one of Africa's poorest countries at independence— with a per capita GDP under $100—to upper-middle-income status, achieving average annual real GDP per capita growth of 5.9% from 1966 to 2014, largely through effective management of diamond revenues that constituted over 80% of exports.^[8] Relative to sub-Saharan peers, the BDP era featured low corruption levels, with Botswana scoring 57 on Transparency International's 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index (ranking 43rd globally), enabling infrastructure investments and social services that supported average GDP growth of around 5-6% annually from the 1970s to 2000s.^[9]^[10] Despite these gains, structural vulnerabilities emerged, including heavy reliance on diamonds without sufficient diversification, contributing to economic stagnation post-COVID and high inequality with a Gini coefficient exceeding 50.^[11] Youth unemployment reached 43.9% in 2024, exacerbating voter discontent amid allegations of patronage networks and slow job creation beyond mining.^[12] These factors culminated in the BDP's landslide loss to the Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC) in the October 30, 2024, general election, with President Mokgweetsi Masisi conceding defeat on November 1, 2024, signaling potential shifts toward greater state intervention in resource allocation and diversification efforts.^[13]^[6]

Other political entities

The acronym BDP designates the Bürgerlich-Demokratische Partei Schweiz (Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland), a minor center-right political party founded in 2008 as a splinter from the Swiss People's Party and dissolved in 2020 following poor electoral performance.^[14] The party, led initially by former Federal Councillor Samuel Schmid, positioned itself as conservative with emphases on direct democracy, national sovereignty, and economic liberalism including support for free-market policies and fiscal restraint.^[14] It achieved limited success, securing 5.4% of the national vote and two parliamentary seats in the 2011 federal elections before declining to under 1% by 2019.^[15] In Turkey, BDP referred to the Barış ve Demokrasi Partisi (Peace and Democracy Party), a pro-Kurdish leftist party established in 2008 to represent ethnic Kurdish interests and advocate for democratic socialism, minority rights, and resolution of the Kurdish conflict through peaceful means.^[16] The party fielded candidates in regions with significant Kurdish populations and collaborated electorally with other left-leaning groups, but faced legal challenges under Turkish anti-terror laws; it dissolved in 2014 to merge into the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP).^[17] Outside partisan contexts, BDP denotes the U.S. Army's Battlefield Development Plan, a doctrinal framework originating in 1978 for evaluating operational gaps and prioritizing modernization against peer adversaries through campaign-level assessments.^[18] Updated periodically, such as in the 2019 edition focusing on multi-domain operations, it informs non-partisan resource allocation rather than electoral politics.^[19]

Music and entertainment

Boogie Down Productions

Boogie Down Productions (BDP) was formed in 1986 in the Bronx, New York, by rapper KRS-One, born Lawrence Parker, and DJ Scott La Rock, born Scott Monroe Sterling, who met while Sterling worked as a social worker at a homeless shelter where Parker resided.^[20] The group's debut album, Criminal Minded, released on March 3, 1987, via B-Boy Records, depicted South Bronx street life with raw beats and lyrics addressing criminality, drugs, and violence, yet positioned these as cautionary tales rather than endorsements, laying groundwork for what became known as hardcore rap.^[21] Tragedy struck on August 27, 1987, when La Rock was fatally shot at age 25 while attempting to mediate a dispute involving a teen affiliated with BDP, prompting KRS-One to reorient the group toward "conscious" rap focused on education, personal empowerment, and anti-gang messaging as a direct response to such urban violence.^[22] The 1988 follow-up By All Means Necessary, released May 31 via Jive Records, marked this pivot, with tracks like "My Philosophy" advocating self-reliance, knowledge acquisition, and rejection of dependency on welfare systems or street hustling, drawing parallels to Malcolm X's ethos in its cover art and title.^[23] The album achieved gold certification from the RIAA on September 25, 1989, for 500,000 units sold, influencing the hardcore subgenre through its blend of gritty production and didactic lyrics, though subsequent releases like Edutainment (1990) and Sex and Violence (1992) saw diminishing returns amid lineup changes and beefs, such as KRS-One's onstage confrontation with PM Dawn over perceived disses.^[24] BDP effectively disbanded by 1992 as KRS-One transitioned to solo work, citing creative frustrations and industry pressures, with Sex and Violence underperforming commercially relative to earlier efforts.^[25] BDP's legacy centers on pioneering "edutainment"—hip-hop as a vehicle for self-improvement and cultural critique—contrasting glorification of gang life in contemporaneous acts, yet its broader social impact remains empirically modest, as Stop the Violence Movement initiatives post-La Rock's death failed to measurably curb Bronx crime rates despite raising funds like $250,000 for urban leagues via hits such as "Self Destruction."^[26] While credited with shaping conscious rap's emphasis on bootstrap individualism over systemic excuses, the group's limited mainstream crossover—peaking at gold sales amid a rising gangsta rap market—highlights a gap between lyrical prescriptions for self-reliance and real-world adoption, compounded by KRS-One's later controversies, including defending alleged abuser Afrika Bambaataa in 2016 and equivocal stances on violence that echoed early album ambiguities.^[27]^[28] This underscores critiques that BDP's influence, though substantive in underground circles, overstated cultural transformation claims given stagnant commercial trajectories and persistent urban decay metrics post-1980s.^[29]

Architecture and design

Building Design Partnership

Building Design Partnership (BDP) was founded in 1961 in Preston, United Kingdom, by architect George Grenfell-Baines alongside Bill White, John Wilkinson, and quantity surveyor Arnold Towler, marking it as one of the earliest multidisciplinary practices integrating architecture, engineering, and surveying under equal partnership.^[30]^[31] The firm originated from Grenfell-Baines' earlier collaborative models dating to the 1940s, evolving into a structure that emphasized collective decision-making to enhance project efficiency and reduce silos common in traditional architecture firms. By 2024, BDP had grown to employ around 1,350 staff and contractors across studios in the UK, Ireland, the Netherlands, UAE, India, China, Singapore, and Canada, achieving a record global turnover of £148.6 million, reflecting sustained demand for its functional design services.^[32]^[33] BDP specializes in sustainable urban design, prioritizing evidence-based strategies that deliver cost-effective, high-performance outcomes in infrastructure and mixed-use developments, often leveraging private sector investment to minimize public fiscal burdens. A key project is the Liverpool ONE masterplan, completed in 2008, which redeveloped 42 acres of Liverpool's city center into an integrated retail, leisure, and public space precinct funded primarily through private capital from Grosvenor. This initiative generated £4.1 billion in gross value added to the regional economy over its first 15 years, alongside £1.9 billion in contributions to the UK Exchequer and £300 million in local business rates, underscoring the economic multiplier effects of targeted urban regeneration.^[34]^[35] In the Middle East, BDP has applied similar principles to large-scale infrastructure, including the Dubai Creek Harbour masterplan, which integrates residential, commercial, and transport elements to support sustainable urban expansion while optimizing land use and operational efficiency.^[36] Other regional works, such as designs for Dubai Hills apartments and the Bateen Liwa Resort, emphasize practical adaptations to local climates and economies, contributing to rapid yet functional development without unsubstantiated environmental overclaims. These projects highlight BDP's track record in delivering verifiable value through streamlined processes, with the firm's multidisciplinary model enabling integrated solutions that have supported ongoing international growth.^[37]^[38]

BDP Quadrangle

BDP Quadrangle operates as the North American arm of the UK-based Building Design Partnership, originating from Toronto's Quadrangle Architects, which was founded in 1986 and specializes in architecture, interior design, and urbanism for Canadian markets.^[39] Following a 2019 partnership and 2020 rebranding, it functions as BDP's regional headquarters, adapting international engineering principles to local regulatory demands, including enhanced seismic resilience, extreme weather adaptations, and accessibility mandates under Canadian codes.^[40] The firm focuses on practical, outcome-driven projects in healthcare and transit infrastructure, prioritizing functional efficiency over aesthetic innovation, with expertise in human-centered design via its Human Space consultancy.^[41] In healthcare, BDP Quadrangle led the 2025 selection for the masterplan of Nova Scotia's Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, collaborating with FBM Architecture on a phased expansion expected to complete by early 2027, emphasizing streamlined patient flows and operational scalability for high-volume facilities.^[42] For transit hubs, the firm contributes to airport enhancements, including accessibility audits and improvements at Toronto Pearson International Airport's Terminal 1, addressing post-construction needs for regulatory compliance and user efficiency in a facility handling over 45 million passengers annually as of 2023.^[43] These interventions incorporate evidence from operational data to optimize circulation and security integrations, though added compliance measures have escalated retrofit expenses amid evolving aviation standards.^[43] The firm's designs leverage certification frameworks for quantifiable performance, as seen in its Toronto studio achieving WELL v2 Platinum status in 2025—the first for a Canadian architecture practice—within a LEED Platinum base building, resulting in documented reductions in Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions by targeting 46.2% cuts aligned with science-based goals.^[44] Projects like high-density adaptive reuses utilize district energy systems, contributing to LEED Platinum outcomes with lower operational energy demands compared to non-certified baselines, where LEED structures typically achieve 25% energy savings through optimized envelopes and systems.^[45]^[46] This approach yields measurable institutional benefits, such as enhanced occupant productivity via improved indoor environmental quality metrics, validated by WELL's performance verification protocols.^[47]

Medicine and pharmaceuticals

Beclomethasone dipropionate

Beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) is a synthetic corticosteroid and prodrug employed via inhalation for the maintenance treatment of asthma and, to a lesser extent, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). First used medically in 1972, BDP undergoes rapid hydrolysis in the lungs to its active metabolite, 17-beclomethasone monopropionate, which binds intracellular glucocorticoid receptors to suppress transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, thereby inhibiting cytokine production, eosinophil recruitment, and airway hyperresponsiveness.^[48]^[49]^[50] In randomized controlled trials, inhaled BDP formulations have demonstrated efficacy in reducing asthma exacerbation rates by 20-30% relative to placebo, with improvements in lung function metrics such as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and symptom scores, particularly in patients with persistent symptoms uncontrolled by short-acting beta-agonists alone.^[51]^[52] Clinical guidelines position BDP as a first-line preventer therapy in inhalers like Qvar, with starting doses of 40-80 mcg twice daily for adults and children over 12 years, adjustable up to 320 mcg twice daily based on response, administered approximately 12 hours apart to minimize peak systemic exposure.^[53]^[54] Cochrane meta-analyses confirm that regular use of inhaled corticosteroids including BDP lowers exacerbation risk in chronic asthma, though benefits plateau at moderate doses and do not eradicate disease progression or substitute for non-pharmacological measures like smoking cessation.^[55] Despite efficacy, long-term BDP inhalation carries risks of local adverse effects, including oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush) in 5-10% of users due to fungal overgrowth from steroid-induced immunosuppression of mucosal immunity, often preventable by post-inhalation mouth rinsing. Systemic absorption, though low at standard doses, can contribute to reduced bone mineral density and increased fracture risk after years of use, especially in postmenopausal women or those with low baseline density, as evidenced by observational data linking cumulative exposure to osteoporosis markers.^[56]^[57]^[58] Overprescription in mild intermittent asthma, where guidelines increasingly favor as-needed over daily regimens, may promote psychological dependency and mask undertreated lifestyle contributors such as obesity, which exacerbates airway obstruction independently of inflammation and is inadequately addressed in many trial endpoints favoring pharmacological outcomes.^[59]^[60] Independent analyses underscore that while BDP mitigates acute flares, its role as a standalone "controller" is overstated in public discourse, with real-world dependency risks amplified by failure to integrate weight management or allergen control.^[61]^[62]

Computing and technology

Bandwidth-delay product

The bandwidth-delay product (BDP) quantifies the maximum amount of data that must remain unacknowledged in transit to achieve full utilization of a network link's capacity under reliable transport protocols like TCP. It is calculated as the product of the link's bandwidth B (in bits per second) and the round-trip time RTT (in seconds): BDP = B \times RTT. This value represents the "pipe" capacity in bits, derived from the fundamental requirement that, to sustain throughput equal to B, the sender must inject data at rate B while awaiting acknowledgments that take RTT to return, necessitating at least B \times RTT bits in flight to avoid idling.^[63]^[64] For optimal TCP performance, the congestion and receive windows must be tuned to at least the BDP; otherwise, the sender throttles transmission, capping effective throughput at \frac{W}{RTT}, where W is the window size in bits. Consider a 10 Gbit/s link with 100 ms RTT: BDP = 10 \times 10^9 \times 0.1 = 10^9 bits, or approximately 125 MB (dividing by 8 bits per byte). Without scaling, TCP's legacy 16-bit window limits W to 65,535 bytes (≈524,280 bits), yielding maximum throughput of roughly 5.24 Mbps—over 99.9% underutilization of the link.^[63]^[65] In high-latency environments, such as satellite links with RTTs of 500–600 ms or transcontinental fiber paths exceeding 100 ms, BDPs routinely surpass hundreds of megabytes at gigabit speeds, amplifying underutilization risks and inducing congestion collapse if buffers are inadequate. Solutions include TCP window scaling per RFC 7323, which extends the window field via a shift multiplier (up to 14 bits, enabling gigabyte-scale windows) negotiated during connection setup, alongside larger kernel buffers to hold the BDP without overflow.^[63]^[65] However, empirical measurements reveal that default or unscaled TCP stacks still underutilize high-BDP paths by factors of 10–1000x in practice, constrained by hardware buffer limits and legacy implementations rather than algorithmic ideals, particularly in global Internet routes with variable latency.^[64]^[66] This metric underscores causal bottlenecks in latency-sensitive systems: exceeding BDP strains finite memory and queue depths, propagating delays via queueing theory (e.g., Little's law linking queue length to arrival rate and time), while sub-BDP windows enforce artificial scarcity, prioritizing stability over raw speed in real deployments.^[63]^[64]

Blu-ray Disc player

The Blu-ray Disc player (BDP) is an optical media device engineered to read Blu-ray Discs, a high-capacity format developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association—a consortium of electronics and media firms—as a successor to DVDs for high-definition content delivery. Released commercially in 2006, it employs a blue-violet laser operating at a 405 nm wavelength to focus on smaller pits, yielding single-layer capacities of 25 GB and dual-layer capacities of 50 GB, sufficient for over two hours of uncompressed 1080p video or extended 4K UHD playback when using later Ultra HD Blu-ray variants. This technological leap addressed DVD limitations in data density, enabling bitrates up to 128 Mbps for superior video fidelity, including support for high dynamic range (HDR) and advanced audio codecs like Dolby TrueHD.^[67]^[68]^[69]^[70] BD-ROM, the read-only standard for commercial movie discs, incorporates Advanced Access Content System (AACS) encryption to secure content against unauthorized replication, a measure implemented post-format war with HD DVD to curb piracy losses estimated in billions annually by film studios prior to HD adoption. Empirical data from industry analyses indicate that such protections, combined with legal deterrents, reduced illicit distribution rates for Blu-ray titles compared to earlier DVD-era camcording and torrent proliferation, though vulnerabilities emerged via key reversals shortly after launch. Global BDP shipments peaked around 105 million units by 2015, driven by console integrations like PlayStation 3 and standalone units, before streaming platforms eroded demand; U.S. shipments alone exceeded 15 million annually at that zenith, underscoring market maturity before physical media's relative contraction.^[71]^[72]^[73] Critics highlight BDPs' upfront costs—typically $100–$300 for entry-level 4K models versus sub-$50 streaming sticks—as a barrier amid broadband ubiquity, alongside physical discs' susceptibility to scratches or degradation over decades, potentially inflating long-term ownership expenses. Yet, these devices excel in offline reliability, delivering consistent high-bitrate playback free from streaming's compression artifacts, buffering interruptions, or bandwidth caps that cap effective rates at 25–50 Mbps even on premium tiers, as verified in side-by-side quality assessments. For archival purposes, Blu-ray's tangible media resists digital ephemerality risks, such as platform delistings or server failures, preserving bit-for-bit fidelity without reliance on third-party infrastructure prone to policy-driven content removal or format obsolescence. This durability counters narratives of inevitable physical media decline, as evidenced by sustained niche sales and collector markets valuing uncompressed masters over variable-quality downloads.^[74]^[75]^[76]

Other uses

Biopharmaceutical Development Program

The Biopharmaceutical Development Program (BDP), operated under the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research for the National Cancer Institute (NCI), facilitates the development of investigational biologics from preclinical stages through Phase I clinical trials. Established in 1993, the program provides cGMP-compliant manufacturing and expertise for monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, therapeutic peptides, and DNA vaccines targeting cancer and infectious diseases.^[77]^[78] Located at the NCI-Frederick campus, BDP supports feasibility assessments, process development, and regulatory documentation, including Investigational New Drug (IND) applications, to enable early-stage testing of biological agents.^[79] BDP's empirical contributions include manufacturing clinical-grade materials for specific therapies, such as antibodies used in pediatric cancer treatments and centralized production of CD33 CAR T-cells for multi-site trials, where cryopreserved apheresis products from six enrollment sites were processed successfully.^[80]^[81] The program has produced personalized anticancer vaccines for young patients and supported DNA vaccine components for HIV and plague antigens, demonstrating scalable plasmid DNA production under cGMP conditions.^[82]^[83] These outputs prioritize in-house capabilities to mitigate outsourcing delays, enabling rapid progression of promising candidates like cell-based immunotherapies for relapsed cancers.^[84] Despite these advances, translation from preclinical success to market-approved therapies remains protracted, averaging over a decade in biopharmaceuticals generally, with BDP's taxpayer-funded model raising questions on cost efficiency relative to private-sector alternatives, though specific reductions in development expenses have not been quantified publicly.^[84] Program data emphasize manufacturing reliability over commercial metrics, with ongoing expansions into organoid and gene therapy production as of 2025.^[85]

Miscellaneous acronyms

In military logistics, BDP denotes Base Development Plan, a framework for prioritizing and scheduling the construction, expansion, and maintenance of military installations to support operational requirements, as outlined in U.S. Army engineer operations manuals and facilities system guides.^[86] This usage appears in doctrinal documents from the late 20th century, such as those evaluating base posture and resource allocation during deployments.^[87] In corporate contexts, BDP stands for Business Development Plan, a strategic document that aligns sales, marketing, and resource allocation to drive organizational growth, often including market analysis, goal-setting, and implementation timelines.^[88] Adoption is widespread in sectors like utilities and consulting but remains a generic term without standardized global protocols, typically customized per enterprise.^[89] Other niche applications include Best Demonstrated Practice in quality management systems, referring to optimized processes derived from empirical performance data across industries, though documentation is sporadic and context-dependent.^[90] Slang or informal interpretations, such as in gaming communities, lack verifiable institutional backing and are not systematically adopted.

References

[1]
Boogie Down Productions - Apple Music
As architects of New York rap (in both its hardcore and conscious incarnations), Boogie Down Productions (BDP) fundamentally shaped the genre in the late '80s ...<|separator|>
[2]
Boogie Down Productions | Spotify
Boogie Down Productions was one of the most important and influential hip-hop groups in the latter half of the '80s. Led by the often brilliant and ...
[3]
Boogie Down Productions Biography - Hip Hop Scriptures
Boogie Down Productions (BDP) was a hip hop group, originally composed of KRS-One, D-Nice, and DJ Scott La Rock. DJ Scott La Rock was murdered on August 27, ...
[4]
Our Leaders - Botswana Democratic Party
1962 : On the 28th of February greatness was founded. The then Bechuanaland ... formed by Sir Seretse Khama, it later changed to Botswana Democratic Party.<|separator|>
[5]
Botswana: The Pragmatic Path to Prosperity
Apr 15, 2024 · On September 30, 1966, Bechuanaland gained independence, establishing the Republic of Botswana. When Khama was elected to office, the nation had ...
[6]
Botswana president concedes defeat in election after party's six ...
Nov 1, 2024 · Botswana's president, Mokgweetsi Masisi, has conceded defeat in Wednesday's elections, which his Botswana Democratic party lost by a landslide after nearly six ...
[7]
Party Ideologies and Policies of Botswana - - tichr
Dec 7, 2024 · Major Political Ideologies in Botswana. The Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) follows a center-right ideology with policies focused on economic ...
[8]
[PDF] BUILDING ON DIAMONDS - De Beers Group
From 1966 to 2014, Botswana's GDP per capita. (a basic measure of national wealth) grew at an average of. 5.9 per cent a year (measured in purchasing power ...
[9]
Botswana - Transparency.org
Botswana has a score of 57 this year, with a change of -2 since last year, meaning it ranks 43 out of 180 countries. Find out about key corruption issues in ...
[10]
GDP growth (annual %) - Botswana - World Bank Open Data
GDP growth (annual %) - Botswana. Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, ...
[11]
[PDF] Botswana Systematic Country Diagnostic - World Bank Document
By contrast, an increase in inequality would have the opposite effect: if the Gini coefficient increases by 2 percentage points, poverty will not fall even with.
[12]
Unemployment, Youth Total (% Of Total Labor Force Ages 15-24)
Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate) in Botswana was reported at 43.86 % in 2024.
[13]
Botswana opposition wins election; BDP ousted from power after 58 ...
Nov 1, 2024 · Mokgweetsi Masisi concedes defeat to Duma Boko after shock outcome for the long-governing Botswana Democratic Party.
[14]
Conservative Democratic Party - SWI swissinfo.ch
May 5, 2009 · The Conservative Democratic Party (Bürgerlich-Demokratische Partei/BDP, Parti Bourgeois Démocratique/PBD) which has its power bases in ...
[15]
ParlGov · Che // BDP
ID 1213; Bürgerlich–Demokratische Partei (BDP) Graubünden; Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland; 2008-11-01; · Party Facts ...
[16]
[PDF] The 2014 Local Elections and the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP)
quo that consists of two political parties, namely the BDP and the AK Party, whose origins date back to the 2002 parliamentary elections when all center ...
[17]
The Road to Turkey's June Elections: Crises, Strategies, and ...
May 9, 2011 · Few surprises are likely when Turkey holds its June 12 parliamentary elections. The ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) is expected ...
[18]
The Battlefield Development Plan - Army University Press
Jul 2, 2020 · The Battlefield Development Plan Today. The BDP provides a holistic campaign assessment for Army modernization utilizing a regularly updated set ...
[19]
[PDF] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Battlefield Development Plan 2019
Oct 7, 2019 · ... Battlefield Development Plan (BDP) to analyze how to fight and win against near peer adversaries. The BDP provides an operationally focused ...
[20]
Scott La Rock of Boogie Down Productions Killed: Today in Hip-Hop
Aug 27, 2018 · 1987: Scott Monroe Sterling, known best as DJ Scott La Rock, was shot and killed. La Rock was one of the founding members of South Bronx hip-hop crew Boogie ...
[21]
Boogie Down Productions' Debut Album 'Criminal Minded' Turns 35
Mar 1, 2022 · Happy 35th Anniversary to Boogie Down Productions' debut album Criminal Minded, originally released March 3, 1987.
[22]
Just-Ice Reveals Vivid Details About The Day Scott La Rock Was ...
Nov 15, 2016 · On August 27, 1987, the DJ/producer born Scott Sterling was killed, less than six months after BDP released debut Criminal Minded.
[23]
Rediscover Boogie Down Productions' 'By All Means Necessary ...
May 27, 2023 · Happy 35th Anniversary to Boogie Down Productions' second studio album By All Means Necessary, originally released May 31, 1988.<|separator|>
[24]
BOOGIE DOWN PRODUCTIONS album sales - BestSellingAlbums.org
BY ALL MEANS NECESSARY (1988) · BOOGIE DOWN PRODUCTIONS. Sales: 500,000 ... Sales: 500,000. Certification / source: 1x Gold. iiq_pixel.
[25]
Boogie Down Productions :: Sex and Violence - RapReviews
Jan 27, 2004 · In 1992, the rap collective called Boogie Down Productions had ... labels as "Poisonous Products" is typically provacative for this controversial ...
[26]
Boogie Down Productions “Edutainment”: A 30th Anniversary ...
Aug 6, 2020 · MTV Raps” on January 13th, 1992 after Prince Be made some less than flattering comments about both KRS One and Public Enemy in an interview in ...
[27]
KRS-One Issues A Lengthy Statement Clarifying His Defense Of ...
May 4, 2016 · Afrika Bambaataa Accused Of Sex Abuse By Three More Men. KRS-One continues by saying he won't give any time to the “slander and disrespect” ...Missing: violence | Show results with:violence
[28]
Scott La Rock and KRS-One: How Boogie Down Productions ...
May 12, 2025 · The story of Boogie Down Productions is one of vision, loss, redemption, and resilience. Scott La Rock and KRS-One didn't just make music—they ...
[29]
Boogie Down Productions - Criminal Minded (1987) | Review
Aug 8, 2024 · This album tackles the streetwise tales involving criminal acts – drugs, prostitution, and violence. But beyond the album's gritty subject matter, Criminal ...Missing: self- reliance anti-
[30]
Sir George Grenfell-Baines | The Independent
May 19, 2003 · The firm he founded in Preston in 1959, Building Design Partnership, grew out of the Grenfell-Baines Group, created in 1941 with "two ...
[31]
Preston Walk - Modern Mooch
Jun 5, 2021 · In 1961, his long cherished ambition of establishing the world's first interdisciplinary practice was realised and Building Design Partnership ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[32]
BDP reports record turnover as it expands global operations | News
Feb 14, 2025 · The latest financial statement also records an increase in staffing levels, with total employees and contractors rising to 1,350 from 1,326 the ...
[33]
BDP posts highest ever turnover as staff numbers hit record levels
Feb 14, 2025 · AJ100 big-hitter BDP posted a record global turnover of £148.6 million in 2024 – an increase of 9.6 per cent on its previous annual income.
[34]
15 Years of transformative impact at Liverpool ONE
15 Years of transformative impact at Liverpool ONE · Generated £4.1bn in total Gross Value Added · Contributed £1.9bn to the UK Exchequer and £300m in business ...
[35]
IN NUMBERS | The impact of 15 years of Liverpool ONE
Sep 27, 2023 · 15 years of Liverpool ONE in numbers · Generated £4.1bn in total GVA · Contributed £1.9bn to the UK Exchequer and £300m in business rates · Hosted ...
[36]
Dubai Creek | BDP
Dubai Creek Harbour''s vision is to create a world class city sub-centre which promotes new concepts in sustainable urban development.
[37]
MENA by BDP – Building Design Partnership - Issuu
May 14, 2024 · BDP crafted a reimagined vision of the existing waterfront masterplan and provided design ideas for this prestigious project at Dubai Festival ...Missing: notable | Show results with:notable
[38]
BDP | BDP
Bateen Liwa Resort is a landmark in experiential hospitality design in the Middle East. Bateen Liwa Resort sets a new benchmark in luxury eco-hospitality ...
[39]
Toronto's Quadrangle joins forces with UK-based BDP
Feb 4, 2019 · Founded in 1986, Quadrangle is an architecture and interior design firm renowned for its client service resulting in long-term relationships.
[40]
Quadrangle announces name change to BDP Quadrangle
Dec 30, 2020 · The name builds on the partnership Quadrangle formed in 2019 with UK-based global architecture, design and engineering firm BDP, establishing ...
[41]
Healthcare Brochure -2024 by BDP Quadrangle - Issuu
Apr 12, 2024 · We established our own consultancy, Human Space, which promotes wellness, accessibility and human-centred design in all of our projects. We care ...
[42]
BDP Quadrangle has been selected to develop the masterplan for ...
Aug 10, 2025 · BDP Quadrangle and FBM Architecture of Halifax have been selected to develop the masterplan for the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences ...Missing: key transit
[43]
Transit Brochure - 2024 by BDP Quadrangle - Issuu
Apr 12, 2024 · Toronto Pearson Airport Terminal 1 - RHFAC Accessibility Audit and Airport Improvements. Human Space has been engaged to conduct an RHFAC ...
[44]
BDP Quadrangle: Canada's First WELL Platinum Studio
Jul 17, 2025 · Expert architects take us inside the new BDP Quadrangle architecture studio, Canada's First WELL Platinum studio.Missing: Pearson Terminal
[45]
High Density by BDP Quadrangle - Issuu
Mar 26, 2024 · ... LEED Platinum-certified project was a thorough assessment of the building's conditions. The utilization of the nearby Enwave District Energy ...
[46]
Green Building Certifications - BDP Development
According to the U.S. Green Building Council, LEED-certified buildings consume 25% less energy and 11% less water than non-certified buildings. Furthermore, ...
[47]
BDP Quadrangle's Toronto studio achieves prestigious WELL ...
BDP Quadrangle's Toronto studio has achieved WELL Certification at the Platinum level from the International WELL Building Institute (IWBI).Missing: Pearson Terminal
[48]
Beclomethasone Dipropionate | C28H37ClO7 | CID 21700 - PubChem
8.7 Mechanism of Action. Beclomethasone dipropionate is a corticosteroid and prodrug that is rapidly activated by hydrolysis to the active monoester, 17 ...
[49]
efficacy and safety of the administration by nebulization - PubMed
Beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) is the first molecule tested in the early 1970s. When administered via nebulizers or pressurized metered-dose inhalers ...
[50]
Beclometasone - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Beclomethasone dipropionate is a prodrug that is rapidly activated by hydrolysis to the active monoester 17-beclomethasone monopropionate.
[51]
Quadrupling Inhaled Glucocorticoid Dose to Abort Asthma ...
Mar 3, 2018 · When we designed our trial, a 30% reduction in the incidence of asthma exacerbations was thought to be a minimum that was clinically meaningful.
[52]
Randomized trial to assess the efficacy and safety of ... - PubMed
Mar 9, 2018 · BDP BAI demonstrated significant improvements in pulmonary function versus placebo, with results similar to BDP MDI.Missing: COPD | Show results with:COPD
[53]
QVAR RediHaler® Dosage - Available in 40 and 80 mcg Dosing
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICSs), 40 mcg to 320 mcg twice daily, 320 mcg twice daily. The starting dosage for QVAR RediHaler® (beclomethasone dipropionate HFA) ...
[54]
Evaluation of beclomethasone dipropionate (80 and 160 ... - PubMed
Nov 8, 2017 · Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of beclomethasone dipropionate BAI versus matching placebo in adolescent and adult patients with ...
[55]
Inhaled Corticosteroids for the Prevention of Asthma Exacerbations
Inhaled corticosteroids are highly effective in preventing exacerbations of asthma. Multiple dosing strategies have been demonstrated to reduce exacerbation ...
[56]
The Frequency and Risk Factors for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in ...
ICS cause some systemic (decreased bone mineral density, skin atrophy and bruising, cataracts, and impaired growth in children) and local side effects when used ...
[57]
Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol and oropharyngeal candidiasis
Oropharyngeal candidiasis and dysphonia are the most commonly recognized adverse effects ... bone density in asthmatics treated regularly with inhaled steroids.
[58]
Inhaled corticosteroid effects on bone metabolism in asthma ... - NIH
Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids at conventional doses over two or three years has not shown a significant effect on bone mineral density or increased ...
[59]
Rescue Use of Beclomethasone and Albuterol in a Single Inhaler for ...
May 17, 2007 · Treatment guidelines recommend the regular use of inhaled corticosteroids for patients with mild persistent asthma.
[60]
Despite Guidelines, As-Needed Steroids Keep Mild Asthma Well ...
Aug 29, 2019 · The report in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice found that as-needed use of both inhalers is just as effective for mild asthma as the ...
[61]
Is Overreliance on SABA Associated with Health Risks in the Older ...
Feb 3, 2022 · [3]. GINA cites two reasons for changing the treatment paradigm, the new body of evidence in mild asthma demonstrating that ICS-formoterol as ...
[62]
Review article The impact of asthma and its treatment on growth
The findings from 21 studies suggest that asthma per se, especially more severe and/or uncontrolled cases, can transitorily impair child's growth.
[63]
RFC 7323 - TCP Extensions for High Performance - IETF Datatracker
This document specifies a set of TCP extensions to improve performance over paths with a large bandwidth delay product and to provide reliable operation over ...
[64]
TCP Issues Explained - Fasterdata - ESnet
Aug 19, 2025 · Note that if the window is smaller than the available bandwidth multiplied by the latency ( the Bandwidth Delay Product) then the sender ...<|separator|>
[65]
Bandwidth Delay Product - NetworkLessons.com
Jul 29, 2015 · The most optimal window size depends on the bandwidth and delay of the link, we call this the bandwidth delay product.
[66]
[PDF] An Empirical Study of TCP/IP Performance Over ATM - DTIC
The rule of thumb for TCP/IP networks is that 100% link utilization, thus maximum throughput, is achieved when the TCP window size matches the. Bandwidth*Delay ...
[67]
Blu-ray Disc (2006 – ) | Museum of Obsolete Media
Blu-ray Disc is an optical disk format for high-definition video. The standard was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association (a consortium of companies…
[68]
[DOC] What's the Blu-ray Disc - LG
The BD-Video disc boasts a data storage capacity of 25GB* in a single layer and 50GB* in dual layer, because it uses the shorter wavelength blue-violet laser ...
[69]
https://www.memoryc.com/58264-verbatim-43715-blank-blu-ray-disc-bd-r-25-gb-5-pc-s.html
[70]
I watched a 4K Blu-ray for the first time in years - What Hi-Fi?
Apr 14, 2022 · 4K Blu-ray discs run at up to 128Mbps. This is the amount of data sent to your screen every second. By contrast, streaming services tend to top out at around ...
[71]
[PDF] Blu-Ray Technology
Blu-ray, also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD) is the name of a next-generation optical disc format. The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and ...
[72]
Report: Blu-ray Player Shipments to Reach 105M Units by 2015
Sep 26, 2011 · Shipment of Blu-ray Disc players is set to replace DVD players during the next five years, reaching 105 million units shipped by 2015, according ...Missing: peak 100
[73]
Sales of UHD Blu-ray players in decline - FlatpanelsHD
Feb 20, 2020 · The total US market for disc players has fallen dramatically from a little over 15 million units in 2015 to a little under 5.9 million units in ...Missing: global 100
[74]
https://rslspeakers.com/blogs/blog/much-spend-blu-ray-player
[75]
4K UHD Blu-ray Rips vs Streaming Quality: A Beginners Guide
Apr 9, 2025 · 00:00 - Introduction to 4K UHD Blu-ray Rips vs Streaming 02:28 - Why is there a difference in quality? 03:24 - What is Bitrate?
[76]
Is streaming content advantageous over using a Blu-ray player?
Aug 17, 2019 · The advantage over streaming is that the movies don't come and go, the playback quality is generally better, and there's no monthly fee. For ...What are the benefits of Blu Ray players over streaming services like ...What are the advantages of owning a personal Blu-ray/DVD player ...More results from www.quora.comMissing: $100-300 | Show results with:$100-300
[77]
Biopharmaceutical development program bdp - OSTR
The Biopharmaceutical Development Program (BDP) provides resources for the development of investigational biological agents. The BDP supports feasibility ...
[78]
Biopharmaceutical Development Program | Frederick National ...
The Biopharmaceutical Development Program offers resources for and expertise in the development of investigational biological products.Expertise, Services Not... · Knock Out Of T Cell Receptor... · Biopharmaceutical...
[79]
Biopharmaceutical Development Standard Operating Procedures
The Biopharmaceutical Development Program has developed standard operating ... for the National Cancer Institute. LinkedIn · Instagram · Facebook · YouTube ...
[80]
NCI Campus in Frederick | NIH Intramural Research Program
NIH Catalyst readers might be aware that the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has research labs in Frederick, Md. ... Biopharmaceutical Development Program (BDP) ...Nci Campus In Frederick · Fnlcr Programs · Biopharmaceutical...
[81]
198 Success of Centralized Manufacturing of CD33 CAR T-Cells ...
Cryopreserved apheresis products from subjects enrolled at 6 sites were sent to the Biopharmaceutical Development Program at the Frederick National ...
[82]
Science & Technology - Biopharmaceutical Development Program...
Jul 25, 2022 · Biopharmaceutical Development Program Produces Personalized Anticancer Medicine for Young People with Cancer. By Lisa Simpson, staff writer.
[83]
[XLS] R&D Contracts - Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research
CGMP MANUFACTURE OF TWO HIV DNA VACCINES AND ONE HIV PROTEIN VACCINE COMPONENT ... DCP - Biopharmaceutical Development Program (BDP) Support, NONE ...
[84]
BDP Is Unified at the ATRF - NCI at Frederick
Oct 9, 2012 · The Biopharmaceutical Development Program (BDP) at the Frederick ... Outsourcing could cause potential delays in getting promising therapies to ...
[85]
Frederick National Lab Secures NIH's First National Organoid ...
Sep 27, 2025 · Its core programs include the Biopharmaceutical Development Program (manufacturing vaccines, antibodies, and gene therapies for early-phase ...
[86]
[PDF] TM 5-304 Army Facilities Components System User Guide
Oct 1, 1990 · Army Facilities Components System. AMC ......... Army Materiel Command. AR ........... Army regulation. BDP ......... Base Development Plan. B/O ...
[87]
[PDF] U.S. Armed Forces Base Development Experiences in Asia, 1965 ...
situation considering the current base development plan (BDP), military posture, materiel resources, and other pertinent factors. From this evaluation, they ...
[88]
Business Development Plan - DC Water
This Business Development Plan (BDP) provides the framework for the design and implementation of programs and activities that will promote and enhance ...
[89]
[PDF] Bdp Meaning In Business - Free PDF Download
From Business Development Plans to Balanced Data Processing, the acronym BDP serves multiple purposes across sectors.Missing: excluding medicine biopharmaceutical
[90]
BDP - Best Demonstrated Practice | AcronymFinder
How is Best Demonstrated Practice abbreviated? BDP stands for Best Demonstrated Practice. BDP is defined as Best Demonstrated Practice somewhat frequently.