Beast with two backs

The "beast with two backs" is an idiomatic euphemism for sexual intercourse, alluding to the visual metaphor of two human bodies conjoined back-to-back, resembling a single mythical or grotesque creature.^[1] The phrase originated in French as la bête à deux dos, first recorded in François Rabelais's satirical novel Gargantua (1534 edition), where it explicitly describes the copulation between the characters Gargamelle and Grandgousier: "Et faisoient eux deux souuent ensemble la beste a deux doz, se frottant joyeusement leur lard" (And the two of them often made the beast with two backs together, joyfully rubbing their bacon)./G1)^[2] This expression was adapted into English by William Shakespeare in his tragedy Othello (composed circa 1603–1604; first published 1622), in Act 1, Scene 1, when the scheming Iago crudely informs Brabantio of his daughter Desdemona's elopement with Othello: "your daughter and the Moor are now making the beast with two backs."^[1]^[3] Since its literary debut, the phrase has persisted in English-language usage as a colorful, often humorous or vulgar reference to coitus, appearing in various contexts from 18th-century periodicals to modern literature and speech, while retaining its roots in Renaissance-era bawdy wit.^[1]

Etymology and Origin

Pre-Shakespearean Usage

The origins of the phrase "beast with two backs" trace back to 16th-century French literature, where it first appeared in François Rabelais's Gargantua, published in 1534. In the original French, the expression is rendered as "la beste a deux doz," used to describe sexual intercourse between Gargantua's parents in a vivid, satirical context.^[1] The English phrase is a loan translation of the French idiom.^[1] Shakespeare adapted the expression for Othello (c. 1603), introducing it to English literature.^[3]

Shakespearean Introduction

The phrase "beast with two backs" achieved its first prominent literary appearance in English in William Shakespeare's tragedy Othello, the Moor of Venice, composed around 1603–1604 and first performed on November 1, 1604, at Whitehall Palace before King James I.^[4]^[5] In this work, Shakespeare incorporated the expression into the dialogue to amplify the play's exploration of jealousy, deception, and racial prejudice. The idiom occurs in Act 1, Scene 1, during a tense nighttime confrontation where Iago, Othello's ensign, and Roderigo rouse the Venetian senator Brabantio from sleep to disclose his daughter Desdemona's clandestine marriage to Othello. Iago delivers the line to shock and enrage Brabantio: "I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor are now making the beast with two backs."^[6] This vulgar metaphor, evoking the image of two bodies joined in sexual union like a single animal, underscores Iago's manipulative rhetoric and immediately heightens the scene's urgency, portraying the union as a bestial transgression that ignites Brabantio's fury and propels the plot forward. By adapting this French-derived expression, Shakespeare employed it as sophisticated theatrical language, revealing character motivations and escalating emotional conflict in the revelation of Desdemona's marriage. The phrase's placement amid Iago's barrage of animalistic insults—comparing Othello to a "Barbary horse" and Desdemona to a "white ewe"—intensifies the dramatic tension, framing the interracial relationship as monstrous and taboo within Venetian society.^[6]

Meaning and Interpretation

Euphemistic Sense

The phrase "beast with two backs" functions as a metaphorical euphemism for two people engaged in sexual intercourse, evoking the visual image of their bodies conjoined such that only two backs are visible.^[7] This imagery underscores the awkward, animalistic entanglement of the participants, transforming the act into a humorous yet crude depiction of human intimacy.^[7] Linguistically, it is classified as an English idiom rooted in 16th-century vulgar slang, designed to obliquely reference sexual activity and thereby evade outright obscenity in polite or literary discourse.^[1] Such phrases highlight the era's reliance on animalistic metaphors to veil explicit references to sex while maintaining a layer of witty indirection.^[1]

Metaphorical Analysis

The metaphor of the "beast with two backs" vividly portrays the physical union of two lovers as a single, fused animal entity, where the "two backs" evoke the rearward view of their intertwined bodies during sexual intercourse, emphasizing a grotesque yet intimate merging of forms. This imagery transforms the human act into something singular and creaturely, stripping away individuality to highlight the totality of their connection.^[8] The psychological and rhetorical power of this animalistic depiction lies in its dehumanizing effect, reducing the participants to base, instinctual beings driven by primal urges and unchecked lust, which serves to amplify dramatic tensions around betrayal, racial prejudice, or moral transgression. By evoking monstrosity through the conjoined, bestial form—reminiscent of mythical hybrids like centaurs—the metaphor provokes visceral revulsion, underscoring how sexual intimacy can be framed as a disruption of human rationality and social order.^[9]^[8] In the broader context of Renaissance literature, this phrase stands out for its innovative specificity compared to more generic animal metaphors for sex, such as "tupping" rams or "hot" monkeys, which broadly associate intercourse with brute mating behaviors to denote sinfulness or carnal excess without the same emphasis on visual fusion. While such comparisons often rely on separate animal figures to symbolize gendered roles—e.g., a ram for the male aggressor—the "beast with two backs" uniquely consolidates the lovers into one aberrant creature, heightening the sense of unnatural unity and rhetorical shock value. The imagery typically evokes positions like missionary where only the backs are visible, but is applicable to other configurations showing the conjoined backs.^[8]^[10]

Historical and Cultural Usage

In Literature Beyond Shakespeare

The phrase "beast with two backs," first appearing in English in Shakespeare's Othello as a euphemism for sexual intercourse, found renewed expression in 19th-century literature, particularly within the clandestine world of Victorian erotica. In the anonymous multi-volume memoir My Secret Life (circa 1888), the term is employed repeatedly to vividly depict copulation, often in raw, confessional accounts of encounters that blend voyeurism and explicit detail, reflecting the era's suppressed yet pervasive interest in sexuality amid social repression.^[11] This usage underscores the phrase's persistence as a coded literary device in works circulated privately to evade censorship, where it evoked the animalistic fusion of bodies without overt vulgarity. While mainstream Victorian novels like those of Charles Dickens alluded indirectly to marital discord or illicit passions—echoing Shakespearean themes of jealousy and intimacy without the exact wording—the phrase's bolder appearances in erotica highlighted its adaptability to taboo explorations of desire.^[12] In the 20th century, the expression evolved within modernist literature to convey psychological and narrative complexity. James Joyce's Ulysses (1922) integrates it twice for stream-of-consciousness innuendo: in the "Aeolus" episode, Lenehan quips, "Or the other story, beast with two backs?" during a pub discussion of a rumored scandalous death, layering gossip with bawdy humor; later, in "Scylla and Charybdis," Stephen Dedalus theorizes on Shakespeare's life, stating, "The poisoning and the beast with two backs that urged it," to allegorize Gertrude's adultery in Hamlet as a catalyst for ghostly knowledge.^[13] These instances amplify the phrase's metaphorical depth, intertwining it with themes of paternity, betrayal, and artistic creation in Joyce's polyphonic narrative. Similarly, D.H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928) draws on comparable beast imagery to portray the visceral, instinctual sexuality between Connie Chatterley and Oliver Mellors, describing their unions as a raw, animallike merging that transcends class and convention, though eschewing the exact term in favor of evocative prose on bodily "darkness" and primal urges. By the late 20th century, feminist authors repurposed the phrase to interrogate gender and power in erotic metaphors. Angela Carter's The Bloody Chamber and Other Stories (1979) features it in the tale "Puss in Boots," where the feline narrator wryly observes the debauched master engaging in "the beast with two backs with every harlot in the city," using the image to subvert patriarchal dominance and expose exploitative dynamics in a reimagined fairy-tale framework.^[14] Carter's deployment critiques the objectification inherent in such animalistic tropes, transforming Shakespeare's euphemism into a tool for dissecting consent and agency in 1970s feminist discourse. This evolution illustrates the phrase's enduring literary versatility, from veiled Victorian indulgences to bold modernist and postmodern deconstructions.

In Modern Language and Media

In the 20th and 21st centuries, the phrase "beast with two backs" has evolved into a niche element of modern slang, retaining its euphemistic connotation for sexual intercourse while often appearing in humorous, explicit, or allusive contexts within informal speech and writing. During the 1960s counterculture era, it gained visibility in television drama, most notably as the title of Dennis Potter's 1968 BBC play A Beast with Two Backs, a work that dramatized rural prejudice and taboo desires in the Forest of Dean, reflecting the period's social upheavals.^[15] This usage marked an early modern adaptation, embedding the Shakespearean expression into contemporary narrative to evoke innuendo without direct vulgarity. In music, the phrase has surfaced in post-2000 hip-hop tracks, where artists employ it for witty or provocative references to intimacy. For instance, in DANGERDOOM's 2005 song "Sofa King" from the album The Mouse and the Mask, MF Doom raps about confronting "the beast with two backs," layering the euphemism into a narrative of unexpected encounters to blend literary allusion with urban lyricism.^[16] Similarly, MC Chris's 2001 track "Tractor Beam" from Eating a Book uses it to describe rhythmic physical coupling, highlighting its persistence in informal, playful expressions of sexuality. The expression continues to appear in film and television for comedic or thematic effect, echoing its Shakespearean roots in updated settings. In the 2001 film O, a modern high school adaptation of Othello directed by Tim Blake Nelson, the line is preserved in dialogue to underscore racial and romantic tensions, with Odin (Othello) and Desi (Desdemona) accused of "making the beast with two backs."^[17] On television, the 2008 Futurama direct-to-video feature The Beast with a Billion Backs twists the phrase into its title, satirizing interstellar romance and polyamory through a sci-fi lens where a entity bonds with multiple partners, amplifying the original metaphor for absurd humor. In contemporary digital culture since the 2010s, the phrase features in memes and online discussions, frequently repurposed for ironic commentary on relationships or pop culture references, as seen in fan analyses of media with sexual subtext.^[18] As of 2025, it continues to appear in online forums and social media, often in discussions of Shakespearean adaptations or humorous takes on intimacy, maintaining its niche but adaptable role in digital vernacular.