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Chervil

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) is a delicate annual herb in the Apiaceae family, characterized by its light green, feathery, tripinnate leaves that resemble a finer version of parsley, and small white flowers arranged in umbels that bloom from spring to summer.^[1]^[2] Native to the Middle East, Russia, and the Caucasus region, it has naturalized widely across Europe and North America, growing to a height of 1 to 2 feet with an erect, branching habit.^[1]^[3] Primarily valued for its culinary applications, chervil imparts a mild, aromatic flavor blending notes of parsley and subtle licorice or anise, making it a key component of the French fines herbes mixture alongside parsley, chives, and tarragon.^[4]^[5] The fresh leaves are commonly used in salads, soups, sauces, egg dishes, and as a garnish, though they lose potency when dried or cooked at high heat, so they are typically added at the end of preparation.^[2]^[4] Beyond the kitchen, chervil serves as an ornamental plant in herb gardens and containers, attracts pollinators with its flowers, and acts as a companion plant for crops like radishes and lettuces due to its rapid growth and shade tolerance.^[1] Easily cultivated from seed sown directly in moist, well-drained soil with partial shade to prevent premature bolting, chervil thrives in cool weather and USDA zones suitable for annuals, often requiring successive plantings every 3–4 weeks for a continuous harvest.^[1]^[4] While generally low-maintenance, it can be susceptible to slugs and self-seeds readily, sometimes becoming weedy in favorable conditions.^[1]

Nomenclature

Etymology

The name "chervil" derives from the Old English cerfelle, which itself stems from the Latin chaerephyllum (or caerefolium), a term adapted from the Ancient Greek khairephyllon. This Greek compound combines khairein, meaning "to rejoice" or "to delight," with phyllon, meaning "leaf," yielding an interpretation of "leaves of joy" or "rejoicing leaf," likely alluding to the herb's pleasant aroma and culinary value.^[6]^[7] Historically, chervil was also known as myrrhis, a name reflecting the aroma of its volatile oils, which resembles that of myrrh, the fragrant resin from the genus Commiphora. This association highlights the plant's distinctive scent profile, evoking the biblical and ancient medicinal substance.^[8] The term evolved across Western European languages primarily from the Latin cherifolium or similar variants, influencing modern names such as French cerfeuil, Swedish körvel, and Portuguese cerefolho. These derivations underscore the herb's widespread integration into European culinary and botanical traditions following its introduction from the Mediterranean region.^[9]

Common names and synonyms

Chervil is scientifically known as Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.^[10] In English, it is commonly referred to as garden chervil, French parsley, or gourmet's parsley.^[8]^[11] Regional names include cerfeuil in French, Kerbel or Garten-Kerbel in German, cerfoglio in Italian, and perifollo or cerafolio in Spanish.^[8]^[12] Taxonomic synonyms include Chaerophyllum cerefolium L., an older binomial name.^[10] Garden chervil (A. cerefolium) is distinct in naming from wild chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris), which is also known as cow parsley and is a different species.^[13]^[14]

History

Origins and early cultivation

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) is native to the Caucasus region, encompassing parts of southeastern Europe and western Asia, though its precise wild origins remain uncertain due to extensive early cultivation that has obscured natural distributions.^[10]^[15] The earliest documented cultivation of chervil dates to ancient Syria around 300 BC, where it was grown as a culinary herb and consumed both boiled and raw.^[8] In ancient Greece, the plant was known as anthriscos and featured in medical texts for preparing healing tonics and remedies to aid digestion.^[16] By the Roman era, chervil had been widely adopted as a seasoning, with Pliny the Elder documenting its uses in his Natural History during the 1st century AD.^[17] Its volatile oil, imparting an aroma reminiscent of myrrh, led to associations with that resin and symbolic ties to Christian lore, evoking themes of renewal and the biblical gifts to the infant Jesus.^[18]^[19] Prior to the Middle Ages, chervil was established as an annual herb in Mediterranean gardens, valued for its mild flavor and ease of growth in temperate climates.^[8]

Spread and cultural significance

Chervil was introduced to northern Europe and France by the Romans in the 1st century AD, where it quickly became a staple in Roman cuisine as noted by the scholar Pliny the Elder, who described its use as a seasoning.^[20] The herb's dissemination across the Roman Empire facilitated its integration into local diets, particularly in regions like Gaul (modern France), where it was valued for its mild anise-like flavor.^[21] During the medieval period, chervil was cultivated in monastic gardens throughout Europe, serving both culinary and medicinal purposes. It appears in 12th-century herbals, such as those compiled by Hildegard von Bingen, who recommended it in remedies for eye ailments when combined with rue and sage.^[22] These gardens, often modeled after Carolingian plans like the 9th-century Capitulary de Villis, preserved and propagated chervil alongside other herbs, ensuring its continuity in European horticulture.^[23] Chervil reached the Americas in the early 19th century, appearing in U.S. seed catalogs as early as 1806 and becoming a common offering by the mid-1800s.^[24] By the late 19th century, it had naturalized in parts of North America, thriving in temperate regions and escaping cultivation to establish wild populations.^[25]^[26] In European folklore, chervil symbolized joy and was known as the "leaves of happiness," with its name deriving from Greek roots meaning "rejoicing in the leaves."^[27] Its myrrh-like scent linked it to spring renewal and Easter traditions among early Christians, who associated it with new life due to its resemblance to the biblical gift presented to the infant Jesus.^[26]^[19] Chervil is an essential component of the French fines herbes blend—alongside parsley, chives, and tarragon—used in classic dishes.^[28]

Botany

Description

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) is an annual herb, occasionally biennial, belonging to the Apiaceae family, characterized by slender, branching stems that support its upright growth habit.^[1]^[29] The plant typically reaches heights of 20–70 cm (8–28 in), with a fine, delicate texture and rapid growth rate, maturing in about 60 days from seed to harvest.^[29]^[30] It thrives as a cool-season crop, preferring temperate conditions, but readily bolts—producing flowers and setting seed prematurely—in response to heat, which results in bitter-tasting leaves.^[31]^[32] This self-seeding tendency allows chervil to naturalize easily in suitable environments.^[33] The leaves are fern-like and tripinnate, light green, typically 5–12 cm long overall and divided into delicate, lacy segments 1–3 cm long that give the plant its airy appearance.^[34]^[10] These compound leaves are alternate along the stems and feature finely toothed or lobed edges, often curly or flat depending on the variety.^[29] Sensory-wise, chervil exhibits a mild anise or licorice-like aroma and flavor, derived from volatile oils such as estragole, which impart a sweeter, more delicate profile than parsley while retaining a subtle parsley essence.^[24]^[35] This fragrance is most pronounced when the leaves are crushed, making fresh use ideal for culinary applications.^[1] Chervil produces small white flowers arranged in compound umbels measuring 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) in diameter, blooming from late spring through summer.^[1]^[34] The flowers consist of five petals and attract pollinators, facilitating the plant's prolific self-seeding.^[29] Beneath the soil, chervil develops a shallow taproot system, which includes long, tapering roots that contribute to its preference for undisturbed planting sites, as transplanting often damages this structure.^[16]^[36] The seeds are oval-shaped, ribbed, and brown, approximately 6–8 mm long, splitting into two mericarps upon maturity.^[33]^[29]

Taxonomy

Chervil, scientifically known as Anthriscus cerefolium, belongs to the kingdom Plantae, phylum Tracheophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Apiales, family Apiaceae, genus Anthriscus, and species A. cerefolium.^[10]^[37] This classification places it within the carrot or parsley family (Apiaceae), a group of aromatic flowering plants characterized by umbellate inflorescences and often feathery foliage. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Scandix cerefolium in Species Plantarum, and later transferred to the genus Anthriscus by Georg Franz Hoffmann in 1814 in Genera Plantarum Umbelliferarum.^[10] This reclassification reflected a better understanding of umbellifer taxonomy, separating it from the genus Scandix based on fruit and inflorescence characteristics.^[38] Within the genus Anthriscus, which comprises about 15 species primarily in Eurasia, A. cerefolium is closely related to parsley (Petroselinum crispum in the same family) and anise (Pimpinella anisum, also Apiaceae), sharing similar aromatic compounds and growth habits.^[1] A notable close relative is wild chervil (A. sylvestris), distinguished by its coarser leaves and more robust, cow parsley-like growth form.^[39]^[40] The species A. cerefolium is primarily monotypic, lacking formally recognized subspecies, though cultivated forms differ from the wild variant A. cerefolium var. trichocarpa, which features fruits with hooked hairs and a conspicuous beak.^[10]^[41] This wild form occurs sporadically in Central Europe and is distinguished from garden strains by its more robust seed structures adapted to natural dispersal.^[42]

Ecology

Distribution

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) is native to Eurasia, with its core range centered in the Caucasus region of southeastern Europe and western Asia, extending to southern Russia and the Mediterranean basin.^[10]^[1] This distribution reflects its origins in temperate zones where it grows as an annual or biennial herb.^[43] The species has been widely introduced and naturalized beyond its native range in temperate regions globally, including North America—particularly the East Coast of the United States and parts of Canada—across much of Europe, Australia, and New Zealand.^[29]^[44] In these areas, it often persists as an escaped ornamental or culinary plant rather than forming dense invasive populations.^[3] Currently, chervil is cultivated worldwide as a valued culinary herb, though it commonly escapes from gardens and naturalizes in disturbed sites within suitable climates.^[24]^[29]

Habitat and growth ecology

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) prefers moist, shaded environments in temperate regions, commonly found in woodlands, roadsides, waste areas, and other disturbed soils where it can establish quickly as a pioneer species.^[45] In these semi-natural settings, it occupies dappled shade under hedgerows or along field edges, forming colonies through prolific self-seeding that allows it to colonize open or disrupted ground effectively.^[45]^[29] This behavior contributes to its role in early successional stages.^[46] Ecologically, chervil supports pollinator communities by producing nectar- and pollen-rich white umbel flowers that attract bees and other beneficial insects, enhancing biodiversity in its preferred niches.^[47] Allelopathic effects from the plant are minimal, allowing it to coexist with a variety of species without strong chemical suppression, though it can host beneficial insects that aid in pest control within these ecosystems.^[45] In disturbed riparian forests or open meadows, it tolerates interactions that favor its spread, such as those in moist valleys, but remains non-dominant due to its annual or biennial lifecycle.^[46] The plant exhibits strong tolerance to cool temperate climates, suitable for USDA hardiness zones 3–7, where it thrives in partial shade to avoid bolting in warmer conditions and withstands light frosts down to -10°C.^[48]^[45] Soil preferences lean toward fertile, well-drained loamy types with a pH range of 5.8–7.6, encompassing sandy, loamy, and clay textures in cool, moist environments that mimic its native Eurasian understory habitats.^[45]^[49]

Cultivation

Growing requirements

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) is a cool-season annual herb that thrives in temperate climates, ideally with daytime temperatures between 10°C and 20°C (50°F and 68°F), as higher heat promotes premature bolting and seed production.^[33] It is typically sown in early spring or fall to align with these cooler conditions, avoiding the summer heat that can exceed its tolerance.^[1] For optimal growth, chervil prefers partial shade, receiving 4 to 6 hours of direct sunlight daily, particularly in warmer regions where full sun exposure can accelerate bolting.^[48] In cooler climates, it tolerates full sun but benefits from afternoon shade to maintain leaf quality and prevent stress.^[5] The herb requires moist, fertile, well-drained loamy soil enriched with organic matter such as compost to support nutrient availability.^[50] A soil pH range of 6.0 to 7.5 is ideal, allowing for balanced nutrient uptake without acidity extremes that could hinder development.^[1] Consistent watering is essential, providing approximately 2.5 cm (1 inch) of moisture per week to keep the soil evenly damp, especially for young seedlings that are particularly sensitive to drought.^[33] Overly dry conditions lead to wilting and bolting, while waterlogging should be avoided through proper drainage.^[50] Plants should be spaced 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 inches) apart in rows 30 cm (12 inches) wide to allow for adequate air circulation and growth without competition.^[48] Succession sowing every 2 to 3 weeks ensures a continuous harvest, as individual plants mature quickly but have a short productive period.^[5]

Propagation and maintenance

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) is primarily propagated by seed, as it develops a long taproot that makes division or cuttings impractical.^[48] Direct sowing is recommended, with seeds planted about 0.6 cm (¼ inch) deep in drills or broadcast thinly on the soil surface, which should be pre-moistened and lightly pressed to ensure good contact; covering with a thin layer of fine vermiculite or soil aids germination without blocking light.^[51]^[33] Sow seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost in deep pots or root trainers to minimize disturbance, or directly outdoors in early spring when soil temperatures reach 15-20°C (59-68°F), with germination typically occurring in 7-14 days.^[33]^[48] Scarification—lightly nicking the seed coat—is occasionally beneficial for older seeds to improve viability, though fresh seeds usually germinate readily.^[33] Transplanting chervil is possible but challenging due to its sensitivity to root disturbance; if starting indoors, use biodegradable peat pots and harden off seedlings before spacing them 15 cm (6 inches) apart in rows 30 cm (12 inches) apart after the last frost.^[33] Chervil self-seeds prolifically once established, allowing natural propagation by leaving some plants to flower and collect mature seeds for sowing the following year, though viability decreases after one season.^[52] For maintenance, thin seedlings to 15-20 cm (6-8 inches) apart once they reach 10 cm (4 inches) tall to prevent overcrowding and promote airflow.^[51] Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as straw, around plants to retain soil moisture and keep roots cool, which aligns with chervil's preference for consistent, even watering without drying out.^[33]^[48] Regularly pinch off emerging flower buds to delay bolting and encourage bushy growth, and harvest outer leaves selectively to stimulate new foliage production.^[51] In mild climates (USDA zones 7-9), chervil can overwinter as a biennial by mulching heavily or protecting with cloches, enabling a second-year harvest before it sets seed and declines.^[52] Succession sowing every 2-3 weeks ensures a continuous supply, as individual plants mature quickly but bolt in heat.^[48] Harvesting begins 50-60 days after sowing, when plants are 10-15 cm (4-6 inches) tall, by cutting outer stems or leaves with clean shears in the morning for optimal flavor and hydration.^[33]^[51] Use chervil fresh whenever possible, as drying causes significant loss of its delicate anise-like aroma; minimal drying in shaded, airy conditions preserves some quality if needed.^[33] Chervil benefits from companion planting near low-growing crops like lettuce or radishes, which provide light shade to prevent premature bolting without competing for space.^[33]

Varieties and cultivars

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) is primarily grown from a few key cultivars, selected for variations in leaf shape, flavor intensity, and tolerance to environmental stresses like heat and cold.^[4] The standard varieties include flat-leaved types for culinary use and curled forms for ornamental appeal, with some bred for slower bolting to extend harvest periods.^[52] Common or plain chervil is the standard heirloom variety, featuring flat, light green leaves that resemble finely cut parsley and grow to about 2 feet tall.^[4] It has a mild flavor blending parsley and anise notes, described as sweet and peppery, but it bolts quickly in warm temperatures above 65°F (18°C), limiting its season in hot climates.^[33] This cultivar matures in 8 weeks and requires successive sowings every 3-4 weeks to maintain supply.^[4] Brussels Winter is a vigorous, slow-bolting cultivar suited for cooler conditions, ready in 60-75 days with compact growth that withstands colder temperatures better than common types.^[33] It offers a subtle warm flavor, making it ideal for overwintering in mild winter areas or under protection, and performs well in fall-to-spring mesclun mixes.^[33] Marketed for its heat tolerance relative to standard chervil, it extends harvest through autumn.^[53] Vertissimo, an Italian-origin cultivar and a Brussels Winter type, produces upright, dense clumps of shiny dark green flat leaves up to 2 feet tall, maturing in 60 days.^[4]^[54] It is heat-tolerant and slow to bolt, with vigorous growth and a mild, sweet anise flavor, including edible flowers for garnishing.^[54]^[53] This variety excels in trials for prolonged production and suits container growing or salad mixes.^[54] Curled or fancy fringed chervil, often called 'Crispum', features ruffled, dark green curly leaves that add ornamental value while maintaining a similar subtle anise-parsley flavor to flat-leaved types, though sometimes slightly more bitter.^[33]^[53] It reaches 2 feet in height and matures in about 60 days, with its decorative foliage making it popular for edging or garnishes, despite bolting readily like the common variety.^[4]^[52] Cultivar selection depends on climate and intended use; winter-hardy types like Brussels Winter suit cool zones for overwintering, while slow-bolting options such as Vertissimo benefit hot summers by delaying flowering.^[33]^[53] For culinary purposes, flat-leaved varieties provide the classic flavor, whereas curled forms enhance visual appeal in ornamental gardens or as garnishes.^[52]^[4]

Pests and diseases

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) is generally resistant to major pest infestations in cultivation, but slugs and snails can damage seedlings by feeding on tender foliage.^[50] These mollusks are most active in cool, moist conditions and can be controlled through physical removal in the early morning or by applying barriers such as diatomaceous earth around plant bases, which dehydrates them upon contact.^[55] Aphids may occasionally suck sap from stems and leaves, causing distortion and reduced vigor, though chervil's aroma often repels them.^[50] Effective organic controls include hosing off colonies with a strong water stream or introducing natural predators like ladybugs; neem oil sprays can also be applied every 5–7 days for persistent issues.^[56] Spider mites are rare but may appear in dry, hot conditions, leading to stippled leaves; increasing humidity and using miticides like insecticidal soap help mitigate them, though they are not a primary threat.^[57] Among diseases, powdery mildew caused by the fungus Erysiphe heraclei appears as white, powdery growth on leaves and stems, particularly in humid, shaded environments, potentially twisting leaflets if severe.^[58] To manage it, prune and remove infected parts to reduce spore spread, and improve air circulation; bicarbonates or fungicides like Kaligreen can be used at 7–10 day intervals if needed.^[58] Root rot, often due to Fusarium spp., results from overwatering and poor drainage, causing brown, decayed roots and stunted growth; infected plants should be destroyed to prevent soil contamination.^[50] Damping-off affects seedlings, leading to stem softening and collapse from soilborne pathogens like Pythium or Fusarium in overly wet, cool soils; prevention involves using sterilized seed-starting mix and maintaining soil temperatures above 55°F (13°C).^[59] Overall, pests and diseases pose minor challenges to chervil cultivation when proper practices are followed. Prevention strategies include crop rotation every 2–3 years to disrupt pathogen cycles, avoiding overhead watering to keep foliage dry, and using row covers to exclude slugs and aphids; organic methods are preferred to maintain the herb's suitability for culinary use. Heat-induced bolting, which mimics disease symptoms like yellowing and flowering, is a physiological response rather than a pathogen and can be minimized by providing partial shade during warm spells.^[30]

Uses and constituents

Culinary uses

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) imparts a delicate flavor profile blending notes of parsley, tarragon, and anise, making it ideal for subtle seasoning in dishes where stronger herbs might overpower.^[60]^[61] This mild, slightly sweet taste is best preserved by using fresh leaves added toward the end of cooking, as heat, drying, or prolonged exposure diminishes its potency.^[62]^[63] In French cuisine, chervil is a cornerstone of the classic fines herbes mixture, combined with parsley, chives, and tarragon to enhance poultry, seafood, spring vegetables, soups, and sauces without dominating the primary flavors.^[25]^[5] It serves as a versatile garnish for salads, omelets, egg dishes, fish preparations, and vinaigrettes, adding freshness and a hint of licorice-like aroma.^[60]^[62] Specific applications include chervil butter for seafood, herb-infused potato salads, and emulsions like béarnaise or beurre blanc sauces, where its tenderness complements creamy textures.^[60]^[64] Mild herbal teas brewed from its leaves offer a gentle digestive aid, often enjoyed fresh.^[63] Nutritionally, chervil contributes low-calorie value while providing notable amounts of vitamins A and C, along with antioxidants that enhance the health profile of prepared dishes.^[63] For optimal tenderness and flavor, harvest young leaves before the plant flowers, as mature or bolting foliage develops bitterness.^[62]^[1]

Chemical constituents

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) is rich in bioactive compounds, with volatile oils comprising the primary class of constituents responsible for its characteristic aroma. The essential oil yield typically ranges from 0.1% to 0.2% of the dry plant material, though this varies by cultivation location and environmental factors.^[65]^[66] Key components include estragole (also known as methyl chavicol), which imparts an anise-like scent and can constitute up to 18% of the oil, methyleugenol (up to 47%), and 1-allyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene (up to 8%).^[65]^[67]^[66] These monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids exhibit variability in composition across cultivars and growing regions, with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealing up to 13 distinct compounds influenced by agro-climatic conditions.^[65]^[66] Essential oils are commonly extracted via steam distillation, a method that preserves the volatile fraction for subsequent analytical profiling.^[65] Flavonoids represent another significant group of compounds in chervil, contributing to its antioxidant properties. Prominent flavonoids include apigenin and its glycosides, such as apiin (apigenin 7-O-β-(2″-apiofuranosylglucopyranoside)) and apigenin 7-O-glucoside, alongside luteolin and luteolin 7-O-glucoside.^[68]^[69]^[67] These flavones, identified through techniques like UHPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS and NMR, are present in methanolic extracts and account for a notable portion of the plant's polyphenolic profile, with total phenolic content reaching approximately 1260 mg GAE per 100 g dry matter.^[68]^[69] Coumarins are also detected in chervil, adding to its chemical diversity, though specific structures like umbelliferone and scopoletin have not been prominently quantified in analyses.^[67] These compounds, often found in Apiaceae family members, exhibit potential anti-inflammatory characteristics in plant extracts.^[67] In addition to these phytochemicals, chervil contains vitamins A and C, minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium, and potassium, as well as carotenoids including lutein.^[24] No major alkaloids have been reported in its composition.^[67] These nutrients support the plant's role as a nutritional herb, with extraction methods like methanol enabling their isolation for biochemical studies.^[68]

Medicinal uses

Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) has been employed in traditional medicine primarily for its digestive, diuretic, and expectorant properties. Infusions of the fresh leaves have historically served as a digestive aid to alleviate bloating and stomach discomfort, while the herb's diuretic effects have been used to promote urine flow and treat conditions such as kidney stones.^[70]^[18] As an expectorant, chervil teas have been applied to relieve coughs and colds by helping to expel mucus from the respiratory tract.^[70]^[71] For skin conditions, infusions or juice from fresh leaves have acted as a freshener and remedy for eczema and gout, often applied topically to soothe irritation.^[70]^[68] Historical records document additional applications, including its use in ancient Greek tonics to enhance vitality and as a spring restorative.^[16] Pliny the Elder recommended vinegar infusions of chervil to lower blood pressure and cure hiccups, while poultices made from the leaves were applied to relieve arthritis pain and purify the blood.^[16]^[24] These practices extended to treating eye issues, burns, and abscesses, with the whole plant sometimes used as an eye wash or for wound dressing.^[68]^[16] Modern research provides evidence supporting chervil's potential health benefits, largely attributed to its key compounds such as flavonoids. In vitro studies have demonstrated antioxidant activity in extracts of A. cerefolium, suggesting support for immune function through free radical scavenging.^[72] A 2024 study on methanolic extracts revealed antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, anti-enzymatic effects against acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, and others, cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines, and anti-inflammatory effects in cellular models.^[71] The herb's vitamin C content contributes to collagen synthesis, aiding skin health and wound healing.^[19] Preliminary investigations indicate anti-inflammatory effects from coumarins and other polyphenols, though human clinical trials remain scarce.^[71]^[68] Preparations typically involve fresh leaves added to salads for mild therapeutic effects, decoctions brewed as teas for internal use, or diluted essential oils for topical application.^[70]^[71] However, caution is advised with essential oils due to estragole content, a compound that may pose carcinogenic risks in high doses.^[70] Individuals with allergies to Apiaceae family plants may experience IgE-dependent reactions to chervil.^[73] Chervil is generally safe in culinary amounts but should be avoided in large medicinal doses during pregnancy, as it contains chemicals potentially causing fetal gene mutations.^[70]^[74] Insufficient data exist for breastfeeding, and consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended for therapeutic use.^[70]

Other uses

Chervil functions as a valuable companion plant in vegetable gardens, where it provides partial shade for sensitive crops like lettuce while repelling aphids and deterring snails from the same plants.^[75]^[76] It also enhances the growth and flavor of radishes when interplanted and attracts beneficial insects, such as predatory wasps, to support natural pest control.^[76]^[77] Additionally, chervil pairs well with brassicas, further promoting a balanced garden ecosystem through these interactions.^[77] The herb's attractive, fern-like foliage, especially in curled varieties with their lacy, delicate appearance, lends itself to ornamental uses in herb gardens, borders, and containers, where it integrates seamlessly with annuals and perennials.^[78]^[79] Its upright, bushy habit and bright green leaves add textural interest without overwhelming smaller spaces, making it ideal for edging paths or pots in shaded areas.^[80]^[81] In industrial applications, chervil's essential oil contributes minor notes to perfumery, offering a fresh, green, herbaceous scent with subtle anise and myrrh-like undertones that evoke natural, aromatic freshness in compositions like the fragrance Fischersund No. 101.^[25]^[82] Its use in cosmetics remains rare, primarily as a niche ingredient for subtle aromatic enhancement rather than a primary component.^[83] Ecologically, chervil supports wildlife by serving as forage, with its seeds readily consumed and dispersed by birds, aiding in natural seed propagation.^[84] In organic farming practices, it acts as a low-growing cover crop around plants like ferns or rhododendrons, helping to suppress weeds, retain soil moisture, and enrich the ground with organic matter upon decomposition.^[85] In folklore, chervil is revered as the "happiness herb" or "merry herb," symbolizing sincerity and believed to uplift the mood, sharpen the wit, and bestow a sense of joy or youthfulness.^[86] Traditionally, it has been incorporated into sachets or ritual practices to invoke these positive qualities and promote spiritual lightness.^[87]^[88]

References

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Anthriscus cerefolium (Chervil, French Parsley, Garden Chervil)
Flower Shape: Saucer; Flower Petals: 4-5 petals/rays; Flower Size: < 1 inch; Flower Description: Small white 5 petaled flowers in umbrels 1-2 inches across.
[2]
Chervil - UMD Extension - University of Maryland
Feb 20, 2023 · Description. Chervil is an annual plant that grows up to 2 feet in height. It has lacy leaves resembling parsley but I a lighter shade of green.
[3]
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. - USDA Plants Database
garden chervil ; Growth Habits. Forb/herb ; Native Status. CAN I | GL I | L48 I ; Subclass. Rosidae ; Order. Apiales ; Family. Apiaceae Lindl. - Carrot family P ...
[4]
Chervil | Herbs | Illinois Extension | UIUC
Anthriscus cerefolium Chervil is an annual that grows to about 2 feet tall. It has light green leaves that resemble finely cut parsley. White flowers are ...
[5]
Chervil | UC Master Gardeners of Santa Clara County
Chervil, Anthriscus cerefolium, is one of the classic fines herbes used in French cooking (parsley, chives, and tarragon are the others). It has lacy leaves ...
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CHERVIL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
... chervil. Word History. Etymology. Middle English cherville, from Old English cerfille, from Latin caerefolium, modification of Greek *chairephyllon, from ...
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Chervil - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
Chervil, from Old English cerfelle, Latin chaerephyllum, and Greek khairephyllon, means a thriving garden herb with leaves, linked to roots meaning "to ...Missing: ancient | Show results with:ancient
[8]
Anthriscus cerefolium (chervil) | CABI Compendium
Chervil was once called 'myrrhis', because of its volatile oil, which has an aroma similar to the resinous substance of myrrh. The essential oil is ...Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
[9]
Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) - Spice Pages
Etymology. Anthriskos [ἀνθρίσκος] (also anthriskon [ἄνθρισκον] or anthriskion [ἀνθρίσκιον]) is the Greek name of this plant; the species name cerefolium ...
[10]
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. | Plants of the World Online
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. First published in Gen. Pl. Umbell.: 41 ... Chaerophyllum cerefolium (L.) Crantz in Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 3: 70 (1767) ...
[11]
[PDF] Grow A Family Guide To Growing Fruit And Veg
Chervil (; Anthriscus cerefolium), sometimes called French parsley or garden chervil (to distinguish it from similar plants also called chervil), is a ...
[12]
Anthriscus cerefolium (ANRCE)[Overview] - EPPO Global Database
Anthriscus cerefolium var. trichocarpus, Neilreich. Anthriscus longirostris ... (Linnaeus) Schinz & Thellung. Chaerophyllum cerefolium, Crantz. Scandix ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[13]
Anthriscus cerefolium - Species Page - NYFA: New York Flora Atlas
Family: Apiaceae. Species: Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. Common Name: garden chervil, salad chervil. Habitat: **. Associated Ecological Communities: **.
[14]
Advanced Search Results / Plant Atlas - Home page / Plant Atlas
Anthriscus caucalis. Bur Chervil; Bur Parsley · caucalis ; Anthriscus cerefolium. Garden Chervil · cerefolium ; Anthriscus sylvestris. Wild Chervil; Cow Parsley.
[15]
Anthriscus cerefolium Hoffm. - World Flora Online
Found in · Asia-Temperate Caucasus North Caucasus · Transcaucasus · Middle Asia Turkmenistan · Western Asia Iran · Iraq · Turkey · Europe Eastern Europe Krym · Ukraine ...Missing: range | Show results with:range<|control11|><|separator|>
[16]
[PDF] Chervil, Anthriscus cerefolium - Herb Society of America
Chervil, also known as French parsley, has a subtle flavor like parsley and tarragon, with hints of mint and anise. Its leaves resemble curly parsley.
[17]
https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL371.529.xml
[18]
Chervil - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
In French cookbooks chervil is called 'pluches de cerfeuille' or blanched sprig of chervil. These are used in soups. The French also use chervil in their ...Missing: cerfeuil | Show results with:cerfeuil
[19]
Chervil: A Multifunctional Miraculous Nutritional Herb - Science Alert
Origin and history: Chervil was once called 'myrrhis' because the ... chervil leaves bears a similar aroma to the biblical resinous substance 'myrrh'.
[20]
Chervil - Spice Advice
Pliney, in the first century, used Chervil as a seasoning. The Romans took it to France where it has been important for centuries. Only recently has it been ...Missing: spread europe
[21]
How to Grow and Use Chervil in your Kitchen - Foodal
Nov 23, 2014 · Introduced to France and England by the Romans more than 2,000 years ago, the herb has been used to treat a number of different ailments. During ...<|separator|>
[22]
Rosalie's Medieval Woman Herb Garden
- Hildegard von Bingen, Physica: A person whose eyes water should take rue, and twice as much sage, and twice as much chervil as sage. He should pound these ...
[23]
Capitularies of Charlemagne - Gardenvisit.com
The Capitulary of Charlemagne (of 802) was regarded by its translator as "nothing more nor less than the foundation charter of that longlived institution, the ...
[24]
Anthriscus cerefolium - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
The name is derived from the Greek meaning rock celery and it is a relative of celery. Parsley was popular in early times among the Greeks and Romans. Its value ...
[25]
Chervil - Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners Association
Chervil is a refined herb with delicate, lacy leaves and a licorice-like flavor, a staple in France, and used in dishes like soups and sauces.
[26]
Chervil Information and Facts - Specialty Produce
Its common name, Chervil, is believed to be derived from the Ancient Greek word, chairephyllon, meaning "leaves of joy." Chervil is often nicknamed French ...
[27]
Chervil – Herb of the Month | The Herb Society of America Blog
Apr 5, 2021 · The Romans named it cherifoliu, the 'cheri' part meaning delight and the 'folium' part meaning leaves—the joy of leaves. Chervil is important in ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[28]
The French Connection: Seasoning with Chervil | Silva International
Feb 26, 2022 · Chervil in particular, and the fines herbes blend of herbs, are part of the unique flavor of many French dishes that have helped to shape ...Missing: wwii revival
[29]
Anthriscus cerefolium (garden chervil) - Go Botany - Native Plant Trust
Garden chervil is an easy-to-grow culinary herb, similar to parsley, with a sweeter, more delicate flavor, found in roadsides, gardens, and waste areas.Missing: habit | Show results with:habit
[30]
How to Grow Chervil: A Delicate, Licorice-Loved Herb for Your Garden
Jun 25, 2025 · Once planted, chervil grows quickly. Harvest time typically begins about 9 weeks after planting and lasts until the plant bolts in the heat.
[31]
Learn About Growing The Chervil Herb - Gardening Know How
Jun 9, 2021 · Chervil is one of the few herbs that grow best in the shade and moist soil. Much like cilantro, chervil will bolt quickly in the heat, so keep it away from the ...
[32]
https://www.finegardening.com/project-guides/fruits-and-vegetables/how-to-grow-and-cook-with-chervil
[33]
How to Plant, Grow, and Care for Chervil - Epic Gardening
Jul 1, 2024 · Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) is parsley's more refined, sophisticated cousin. ... Seeds are brown, a quarter of an inch in length, and ribbed, ...
[34]
Chervil Care - PlantIn
Chervil plants grow to 40–70 cm (16–28 in), with tripinnate leaves that may be curly. The small white flowers form small umbels, 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) across. The ...Missing: length size
[35]
What Is Chervil Spice? The Gourmet's Delicate Herb Explained
Oct 19, 2025 · The herb's volatile oils contain estragole, which gives chervil its characteristic anise flavor but dissipates rapidly with heat exposure. This ...Practical Culinary... · Nutritional Profile And... · Why Is Chervil Called The...
[36]
Chervil Seed | Anthriscus cerefolium - Victoriana Nursery
28-day returnsThis variety of chervil is curled with fine cut, dark green leaves and annual. It is related to Parsley and produces white flowers and has long tapering roots.
[37]
https://www.invasive.org/browse/subinfo.cfm?sub=33758
[38]
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. - GBIF
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. Dataset; GBIF Backbone Taxonomy: Rank ... Thell. Chaerophyllum cerefolium (L.) Crantz · Chaerophyllum nemorosum Lag ...
[39]
How to Grow Chervil: A Toronto Master Gardeners Guide
Note: Anthriscus sylvestris, a close relative known as Wild Chervil or Cow Parsley, is invasive in Ontario and should not be grown. Always ensure that you ...
[40]
Wild chervil identification and control - King County, Washington
Wild chervil is known as Anthriscus sylvestris and it is in the carrot/parsley family, Apiaceae. Another common name for wild chervil is cow-parsley. Rough ...Missing: cerefolium | Show results with:cerefolium
[41]
Composition of the Essential Oils From Anthriscus Cerefolium Var ...
The oils from young flowering plants had more estragole than 1-allyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene. Fruits from one location reached 95% estragole in the essential oil. ...
[42]
Flora Emslandia, Genus Anthriscus, chervil
However, Pliny also Enthryscum or Anthriscum is mentioned. Presumably he meant, as well as Theophrastus, Scandix australis. The Myrrhis (cicely), some would ...
[43]
Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of ...
Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm., known as wild chervil or cow parsley, belongs to the Apiaceae family and is a wild plant common in most temperate regions.
[44]
Anthriscus cerefolium information from the Global Compendium of ...
... distribution, habitat, and lifeform data for the approximately 8400 vascular plant taxa known to be native or naturalized in California, based on published ...
[45]
Anthriscus cerefolium Chervil, Garden chervil PFAF Plant Database
### Summary of Anthriscus cerefolium (Chervil) in Wild/Natural Settings
[46]
Common Chervil - Montana Field Guide
Taprooted annual or biennial. Stems erect, branched, 20–50 cm. Herbage glabrous to sparsely hirsute. Leaves petiolate, tripinnate; blades 2–10 cm long, ...
[47]
Anthriscus cerefolium | BBC Gardeners World Magazine
Chervil, Anthriscus cerefolium, is native to the Middle East, Russia and the Caucasus, but is naturalised in many areas of the world.Missing: range | Show results with:range
[48]
How to Grow Chervil (French Parsley) - Gardener's Path
Mar 26, 2023 · Chervil is native to Russia, central Asia, and southern Europe, where it can be found growing like a weed on the sides of roads. Ancient Greeks ...
[49]
Anthriscus cerefolium (Chervil) - Practical Plants
May 4, 2013 · Permanent shade + · Has soil ph preference · Acid +, Neutral + and Alkaline + · Has soil teclayture preference · Clay + · Has soil teloamyture ...
[50]
Chervil | UC Marin Master Gardeners
Scientific Name Anthriscus cerefolium. General Information Chervil is an annual herb but in milder areas it can be a biennial. It grows 16 inches tall and a ...
[51]
How to Plant, Grow, and Harvest Chervil
Growing Chervil grows best when nighttime temperatures are below 55°F Chervil is intolerant to heat and will bolt (flower and set seed) prematurely if exposed ...
[52]
How to grow Chervil | RHS Herbs
Chervil leaves should be ready for harvesting in about eight weeks from sowing, once plants are at least 10cm (4in) tall. Choose the soft young leaves, taking ...Missing: habit fast
[53]
Chervil - Growing Taste
It's used much as serious cooks use parsley, but has a more delicate flavor, with a hint of anise to it (perhaps like a rather mild tarragon). Cultivars. It is ...
[54]
Vertissimo - Chervil Seed | Johnny's Selected Seeds
### Summary of Vertissimo Chervil
[55]
How to Control Slugs in Your Garden - OSU Extension Service
Diatomaceous earth is made from ground fossils. This powder pierces the skin of slugs. Surround the plants with a band 1 inch deep and 3 inches wide.
[56]
https://www.allianceofnativeseedkeepers.com/products/curled-chervil
[57]
https://www.groworganic.com/blogs/articles/damping-off-how-to-prevent-this-problem-for-your-seedlings
[58]
Chervil, Garden and Salad (Anthriscus cerefolium)-Powdery Mildew
Prune out infected leaves or rogue infected plants to delay disease build up. Chemical control. Bicarbonates are registered to control powdery mildew. Thorough ...
[59]
Chervil, Garden and Salad (Anthriscus cerefolium)-Damping-off and ...
Symptoms Seeds may rot prior to germination ("seed decay"), or the seedling may become infected prior to emergence ("pre-emergence damping-off") or soon after ...
[60]
Cherchez La Chervil, the Forgotten Herb - NPR
May 14, 2008 · Though it may look like parsley, chervil is in a class all by itself. The spring herb with anise aromas is an obvious choice to accent other ...Missing: wwii revival
[61]
Uncommon herbs to spice up your dishes - Escoffier
Apr 25, 2018 · Chervil. If you want to add an understated taste that's similar to anise, then chervil is the right choice. Often referred to as French parsley, ...
[62]
[PDF] Chervil, Anthriscus cerefolium - Herb Society of America
Early Spring Omelet with Chervil Add milk, mayonnaise, salt, pepper, chervil and chives to the yolks, blending well. Fold in the egg whites.Missing: culinary | Show results with:culinary
[63]
Chervil, a Delicate and Versatile Spring Herb - Eat The Planet
They can also be used to enhance the taste of soups, creamy sauces, and oil-based salad dressings. People mainly only use chervil leaves for cooking, ...
[64]
Tasty and Easy Poached Salmon with Chervil Hollandaise |… - PBS
Nov 21, 2017 · This method for poached salmon involves relatively little work, and the resulting fish is tender and juicy. As a bonus, you even get asparagus on the side!
[65]
Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil in Chervil ( Anthriscus ...
Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil in Chervil ( Anthriscus cerefolium L. ... The chemical constituents of chervil include flavonoids, such as luteolin 8.9.Missing: coumarins | Show results with:coumarins
[66]
https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2019.1587316
[67]
Chervil: A Multifunctional Miraculous Nutritional Herb | Request PDF
Aug 7, 2025 · The active constituents of chervil are volatile oil, flavonoids and coumarins, other constituents present are methyl chavicol (estragole) ...
[68]
Extract of Herba Anthrisci cerefolii: Chemical Profiling and Insights ...
Jan 12, 2021 · Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. is an annual aromatic plant, belonging to the chervil plant genus of the family Apiaceae. The genus ...
[69]
A novel bicyclic lactone and other polyphenols from the ... - Nature
May 12, 2022 · Apiin and luteolin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside have previously been identified in chervil, while apigenin 7-O-β-(2″-apiofuranosyl-6″- ...<|separator|>
[70]
Chervil: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions
How does work? Chervil is a good source of calcium and potassium. There isn't enough information available to understand how chervil might work.
[71]
Chemical profiling of Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm., biological ...
Throughout history, chervil has been used for several medicinal purposes: as a diuretic, an expectorant, for digestion improvement and refreshment of the skin.
[72]
In vitro antioxidant activity of Anthriscus cerefolium L. (Hoffm.) extracts
Their use has mainly centred around prevention, and the maintenance of health. Numerous plant constituents have proven to show free radical scavenging or ...
[73]
Chervil - Uses, side effects, and more - WebMD
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: It's LIKELY UNSAFE to use chervil in medicinal amounts if you are pregnant. It contains chemicals that might cause a change ( ...
[74]
Companion Planting with Herbs - Pepperpot Herb Nursery
Apr 15, 2024 · As a natural repellent for aphids, chervil contributes to a healthier and more resilient garden ecosystem when interplanted with lettuces.
[75]
Learn about companion planting | Sloat Garden Center
Mar 20, 2025 · CHERVIL – improves the flavor and growth of radishes. Keeps aphids off lettuce and is said to deter snails. CHIVES – Improves growth and flavor ...
[76]
https://sloatgardens.com/learn-companion-planting/
[77]
Herb Garden Essentials: Discover Delicate Chervil - Houzz
Chervil is an excellent addition to an ornamental garden, growing well with annuals and perennials. It's also said that growing chervil next to radishes will ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[78]
How to grow chervil - BBC Gardeners World Magazine
Jan 27, 2023 · Chervil needs little care apart from watering during dry spells, which helps stop the plants from running to seed. Cut off flower stems as soon ...Missing: cultivar non-
[79]
How to grow chervil: expert tips from sowing to picking
Aug 26, 2025 · It is a cool-season herb that struggles to germinate in heat and bolts quickly, which dictates the best time to propagate the herb.
[80]
https://www.homesandgardens.com/gardens/how-to-grow-chervil
[81]
https://thegrowers-exchange.com/products/chervil
[82]
chervil oil, 85085-20-7 - The Good Scents Company
Recommendation for chervil oil usage levels up to: not for fragrance use. Safety References: EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data.
[83]
[PDF] Wild chervil
Dispersal: Seeds are typically spread by water, birds, animals, and human activity. IMPACTS. Ecological: Wild chervil tends to shade smaller plants due to.
[84]
Herb to Know: Chervil - Mother Earth Living
Apr 1, 2003 · Chervil can be used as a low ground cover around ferns or rhododendrons. ... The Organic Medicinal Herb Farmer, Revised Edition $39.95. Add To ...
[85]
What to do with chervil? - Facebook
Jun 21, 2025 · Chervil has a long history as do many herbs. It was once called myrrhis, because the volatile oils extracted from the plant resembles the myrrh ...Chervil Herb Seeds and Usage - FacebookMy old fashioned herbs #3 Sweet Cicely (*Myrrhis odorata*)More results from www.facebook.comMissing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
[86]
Chervil: The Happiness Herb - Recette Magazine - Suvie
Apr 21, 2021 · Chervil, also called "French parsley" or "happy herb", is a mild, aromatic herb with a light, refreshing flavor, used in savory French dishes.Missing: symbol joy easter myrrh scent
[87]
https://blog.suvie.com/chervil-the-happiness-herb