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Cliff Clavin

Cliff Clavin is a fictional character and a central regular on the American sitcom Cheers, portrayed by John Ratzenberger throughout its 11-season run from 1982 to 1993.^[1] A Boston-based postal carrier, Clavin is depicted as a pretentious know-it-all with a constant stream of outlandish stories, plausible half-truths, and irrelevant or inaccurate trivia that he shares to impress others at the Cheers bar.^[2] He is the best friend and bar buddy of Norm Peterson, often arriving together and occupying the same stool, contributing to the show's ensemble dynamic of bar patrons.^[3] Clavin lives with his overbearing mother, Esther Clavin, in their family home, a detail that underscores his perpetual bachelor status and adds to his comedic eccentricity.^[4] The character was created on the spot by Ratzenberger during his audition for Cheers, where he initially read for the role of Norm but improvised the mailman persona after feeling he had bombed, securing his place in the cast as one of the barflies.^[5] Over the series, Clavin appears in 273 of the 275 episodes, evolving from a relatively understated trivia buff in early seasons to a more exaggerated blowhard whose misinformation often leads to humorous situations, such as his infamous appearance as a contestant on Jeopardy!.^[6] Despite his flaws—including romantic ineptitude and occasional cowardice—Clavin is portrayed as loyal and well-liked by the Cheers ensemble, embodying the show's theme of found family among flawed friends.^[7] Beyond Cheers, the character makes guest appearances in related series, including an episode of Wings ("The Story of Joe") where he and Norm visit Nantucket, and the Frasier episode "Cheerful Goodbyes" (2002), marking his final on-screen outing as he retires from the post office.^[8] Ratzenberger's portrayal earned two Primetime Emmy nominations and has cemented Clavin as an iconic figure in television comedy, frequently referenced in pop culture for his trivia-spouting antics.^[1]

Creation and Portrayal

Development and Creation

Cliff Clavin was introduced in the pilot episode of Cheers, titled "Give Me a Ring Sometime," which aired on September 30, 1982, as a regular patron at the Boston bar alongside Norm Peterson. The character was not part of the original script for the series, which lacked roles for both Clavin and Norm; John Ratzenberger, who had auditioned unsuccessfully for the part of Norm (originally named George), suggested adding a "bar know-it-all" to provide comic relief and balance the ensemble.^[2] Ratzenberger drew inspiration for the character from a police officer in his hometown of Bridgeport, Connecticut, whom he described as a "nice guy but a know-it-all," blending this with observations of trivia-spouting patrons in his father's neighborhood bars.^[9] His impromptu pitch during the audition impressed producers Glen and Les Charles and director James Burrows, leading to Clavin's inclusion as a recurring figure initially planned for just seven episodes in the first season.^[5] Originally conceived as a security guard, Clavin's occupation was changed to postal worker just two days before filming began, as producers believed the new role would better suit the character's trivia expertise by granting access to diverse information and stories.^[10] This last-minute adjustment allowed for broader narrative flexibility, aligning with Clavin's portrayal as a loquacious mail carrier. Early episodes established inconsistencies in Clavin's backstory, including his birth year, which was given as 1947 in "A Kiss Is Still a Kiss" (Season 6, Episode 10, aired December 3, 1987), though other references suggested 1949, reflecting the evolving nature of the character's details during initial production.

Casting and Performance

John Ratzenberger initially auditioned for the role of Norm Peterson, a regular patron in the Boston bar setting of the sitcom Cheers, but felt his performance fell short. Sensing he would not secure the part, he proposed to producers Glen and Les Charles the addition of a new character—a know-it-all mail carrier who could serve as the bar's resident trivia expert—and improvised the audition on the spot, delivering lines in an exaggerated Boston accent while leaning casually against an imaginary bar. This impromptu creation impressed the team, leading directly to Ratzenberger's casting as Clifford "Cliff" Clavin.^[5]^[2] Ratzenberger portrayed Cliff Clavin in 273 of the series' 275 episodes across its 11-season run from 1982 to 1993, missing only a handful early on before becoming a core cast member. His performance defined the character through a distinctive style that emphasized physical and vocal quirks, including a thick, caricatured Boston accent that amplified Cliff's working-class roots and a rapid-fire delivery of obscure, often inaccurate facts. Mannerisms such as the signature "Cliff lean"—a relaxed, elbow-propped posture against the bar—added to the character's affable yet intrusive presence, making him a visual staple in the Cheers ensemble scenes.^[11] Throughout the series, Ratzenberger frequently contributed to the role through improvisation, particularly in crafting Cliff's trivia lines, which often veered into humorous misinformation to punctuate the bar's banter. These ad-libbed moments, drawn from his quick wit, helped solidify Cliff's know-it-all persona without scripted rigidity, enhancing the character's comedic reliability and endearing him to audiences over the long run.^[11]^[2]

Character in Cheers

Background and Personality

Cliff Clavin is a recurring character on the American sitcom Cheers, depicted as a dedicated U.S. postal carrier working in Boston, where he makes regular mail deliveries to the Cheers bar as part of his route.^[12]^[6] Renowned as the bar's self-appointed trivia expert, Cliff frequently regales patrons with an encyclopedic array of facts on history, science, and miscellaneous topics, though his knowledge is often unreliable, exaggerated, or outright incorrect, resulting in consistent ribbing and mockery from the group.^[6]^[13]^[14] His core personality traits include a pronounced know-it-all demeanor driven by a desire for approval and admiration, hypochondriac worries about his health, a deep-seated aversion to long-term romantic commitments, and steadfast loyalty to his close friends, exemplified by his enduring companionship with Norm Peterson.^[6]

Relationships and Family

Cliff Clavin maintains a particularly close friendship with fellow bar regular Norm Peterson, with the two often arriving at Cheers together and exchanging Norm's ritualistic greetings upon entry, such as "Afternoon, everybody" met with the group's chorus of "Norm!" This bond underscores their status as inseparable companions within the bar's social dynamic, frequently highlighted in episodes where they share barstools and banter.^[15] Cliff's family life centers on his overbearing mother, Esther Clavin, portrayed by Frances Sternhagen, with whom he resides in their Boston home for much of the series, reflecting his perpetual bachelor status and dependence on familial ties. Esther, a domineering figure known for her meddling in Cliff's affairs, appears in multiple episodes, including instances where she interferes in his personal decisions, such as his romantic pursuits. Cliff's father, Clifford Clavin Sr., is depicted as a con artist who abandoned the family when Cliff was nine years old, as revealed in the episode "The Bar Stoolie," where the elder Clavin briefly reenters their lives seeking reconciliation and financial aid. Esther's character arc culminates in her placement in a retirement community in the series' final season, after which her death is implied in the broader Cheers universe.^[2]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19] In terms of romance, Cliff's most notable relationship is with Margaret O'Keefe, a shy fellow postal worker introduced in season seven (1988–1989), whom he dates intermittently until around 1993. Their on-again, off-again courtship, marked by Margaret's eventual relocation to Canada and subsequent returns to Boston, nearly leads to marriage but is complicated by Cliff's insecurities and family interference, as seen in episodes like "How to Marry a Mailman" and "Ma's Little Maggie."^[20]^[16] Within the Cheers ensemble, Cliff's interactions are characterized by frequent teasing from Sam Malone, Carla Tortelli, and Frasier Crane over his erroneous trivia claims, often resulting in comedic rebukes that highlight the group's familial camaraderie. He forms occasional alliances with Woody Boyd, sharing moments of mutual naivety or support amid the bar's chaos, though these bonds reinforce rather than overshadow the predominant dynamic of affectionate ribbing.^[21]^[22]

Key Storylines

One of the most memorable storylines for Cliff Clavin revolves around his appearance on the game show Jeopardy! in the episode "What Is... Cliff Clavin?" (Season 8, Episode 14, aired January 18, 1990). Confident in his trivia knowledge, Cliff dominates the early rounds, amassing $22,000 by the end of Double Jeopardy, far ahead of his competitors. However, his overconfidence leads to disaster in Final Jeopardy, where he wagers his entire winnings on an incorrect answer—"What is... Cliff Clavin?"—resulting in his elimination and a dramatic on-stage outburst that gets him escorted away by security. Later, host Alex Trebek visits Cheers, leading to a humorous reconciliation where Cliff boasts about "saving" the show.^[23] Cliff's living arrangements with his mother, Esther, form a recurring arc highlighting his close but strained familial ties, beginning with their shared home in Boston. In Season 6's "The Last Angry Mailman" (Episode 7, aired November 12, 1987), developers threaten to demolish the Clavin family house for a convenience store, prompting Cliff to chain himself to the structure in protest while Esther initially resists but ultimately agrees to sell for a lucrative payout, forcing Cliff to relocate. He briefly moves into a condominium in "My Fair Clavin" (Season 6, Episode 11, aired December 10, 1987), embracing independence by dating and redecorating. The storyline culminates in Season 11's "Rebecca Gaines, Rebecca Loses" (Episode 21, aired April 29, 1993), where Cliff reluctantly places Esther in a nursing home; his bar friends misinterpret his vague updates and assume he has murdered her, leading to comedic paranoia and Cliff's frantic defense of his decision as an act of care. Esther's emotional manipulation throughout these plots underscores Cliff's devotion, though he grapples with guilt and separation anxiety.^[24]^[19] Cliff's career as a postal carrier reaches its pinnacle in the series finale, "One for the Road" (Season 11, Episodes 27–28, aired May 20, 1993). Amid the bar's farewell gathering, Cliff competes in an informal "bribery" contest with colleagues to secure a long-sought promotion to supervisor, showering his boss with extravagant gifts like a Hawaiian vacation and a Rolex watch. His efforts pay off, earning him the position and allowing him to leave Cheers on a high note, symbolizing closure for his stagnant professional life. This milestone contrasts his earlier frustrations, such as training rookies in "Please Mr. Postman" (Season 7, Episode 12, aired February 2, 1989), where he clashes with inefficiency on the job. Throughout the series, Cliff's romantic pursuits often end in failure, particularly around marriage proposals. In "How to Marry a Mailman" (Season 8, Episode 8, aired November 16, 1989), ex-flame Margaret returns intent on wedding him, but Cliff's cold feet and bar interference lead to her departure. Esther's meddling exacerbates these arcs, as in "Ma's Little Maggie" (Season 9, Episode 19, aired March 7, 1991), where she arranges a match with childhood friend Maggie, only for Cliff's immaturity to derail the engagement. These plots reveal Cliff's fear of commitment amid his hypochondriac tendencies, seen in episodes like "How to Win Friends and Electrocute People" (Season 7, Episode 7, aired December 15, 1988), where pre-appendectomy anxiety amplifies his imagined ailments from routine checkups.^[20]^[16]^[25] Cliff's trivia expertise frequently backfires in bar bets and mishaps, reinforcing his know-it-all persona. Iconic examples include the infamous "Buffalo Theory" explanation in "The Girl Not Taken" (Season 5, Episode 18, aired March 5, 1987), debunked by Diane and leading to mockery. These incidents, often involving Norm, culminate in physical or social consequences, like the electric shock prank in "Abnormal Psychology" (Season 5, Episode 4, aired October 23, 1986), tying into his health obsessions. Such arcs provide comic relief while illustrating Cliff's unwavering, if flawed, confidence.^[26]

Appearances Beyond Cheers

Guest Roles in Television

Cliff Clavin made several guest appearances in other television series, often as part of crossovers within the shared Cheers universe or as a nod to the character's popularity. These roles typically featured his signature trivia-spouting personality and interactions with familiar faces from the bar. In the medical drama St. Elsewhere, Clavin appeared in the season 3 finale episode "Cheers," which aired on March 27, 1985. The episode depicts doctors Donald Westphall, Ben Samuels, and Daniel Auschlander visiting the Cheers bar during off-hours, where they encounter a skeleton crew including Carla Tortelli behind the bar and patrons Norm Peterson and Cliff Clavin. Clavin engages the doctors in conversation, boasting about his civil service status and sharing unsolicited facts about government employees. This crossover highlighted the interconnected NBC universe of the era, with the bar serving as a brief respite for the stressed physicians.^[27] Clavin's next guest spot came in the short-lived Cheers spin-off The Tortellis, specifically in the season 1 episode "Frankie Comes to Dinner," which aired on February 4, 1987. Accompanied by Norm Peterson, Clavin travels to Las Vegas to visit Nick Tortelli, Carla's ex-husband, and his new family. Nick attempts to impress the pair by claiming a personal friendship with Frank Sinatra, leading to comedic misunderstandings and Clavin's typical barrage of trivial interjections during the dinner scene. The appearance served to tie the spin-off back to its parent series amid the Tortellis family's chaotic dynamics.^[28] Clavin crossed over into the sitcom Wings in the season 2 episode "The Story of Joe," aired on October 5, 1990. He and Norm Peterson arrive at Nantucket's airport as passengers on a flight operated by the Hackett brothers' airline. Clavin's know-it-all demeanor shines as he banters with Brian Hackett about aviation trivia while waiting to board, briefly disrupting the episode's focus on a reporter's profile of Joe Hackett. This cameo reinforced Clavin's role as a comic foil in ensemble settings outside the Cheers bar.^[29] In a non-canonical animated cameo, Clavin appeared in The Simpsons season 6 episode "Fear of Flying," which aired on December 18, 1994. Voiced by John Ratzenberger, an animated version of Clavin sits at the Cheers bar alongside Norm Peterson, Sam Malone, Woody Boyd, and Frasier Crane during a dream sequence where Marge Simpson hallucinates entering the establishment. Clavin delivers a line of trivia about the bar's supposed history as a nunnery, contributing to the episode's parody of Marge's aerophobia and her subconscious associations. The sequence paid homage to Cheers while twisting the casting, with Frasier voiced by someone other than Kelsey Grammer.^[30] Clavin's final canonical live-action appearance occurred in the Frasier season 9 episode "Cheerful Goodbyes," aired on April 30, 2002. While in Boston for a conference, Frasier Crane and his family encounter Clavin at an airport bar, where he mistakenly assumes Frasier is attending his postal service retirement party. The group joins the Cheers ensemble—including Norm, Carla, and Woody—for the celebration at the bar, where Clavin reflects on his career amid toasts and light-hearted ribbing. The episode provides closure to the character's arc, emphasizing his enduring loyalty to the barflies despite his impending retirement.^[8]

Other Media Appearances

John Ratzenberger reprised his role as Cliff Clavin in the 2014 RadioShack Super Bowl XLVIII commercial "The '80s Called," a 30-second spot featuring 1980s pop culture icons, including Clavin alongside George Wendt's Norm Peterson, invading a modern RadioShack store to humorously promote gadgets and the chain's rebranding efforts.^[31] The ad, directed by Wayne McClammy, aired during the second quarter of the game between the Seattle Seahawks and Denver Broncos, drawing on Cheers nostalgia to blend Clavin's trivia-spouting personality with the store's outdated image for comedic effect. Earlier appearances in Disney specials showcased Clavin in crossover scenarios with animated elements. In the 1988 hybrid live-action/animated television special Mickey's 60th Birthday, Ratzenberger portrayed Clavin as one of several Cheers characters who encounter a memory-lost Mickey Mouse at Disneyland, contributing to the ensemble's efforts to restore his identity through whimsical interactions.^[32] Similarly, in the 1990 special Disneyland's 35th Anniversary Celebration, part of The Wonderful World of Disney series, Clavin appeared alongside other Cheers cast members in celebratory segments honoring the park's history, emphasizing Ratzenberger's reprise to bridge sitcom humor with Disney festivities.^[33] Cliff Clavin has also featured in archival contexts through Cheers home media releases. Special features on DVD and Blu-ray collections, such as the complete series sets, include clip montages and cast interviews where Ratzenberger reprises aspects of Clavin's know-it-all demeanor, providing commentary on the character's trivia bits and bar scenes to highlight his enduring role in the series.^[34]

Reception and Impact

Critical Reception

Cliff Clavin has been widely regarded by critics as a classic archetype of the know-it-all barfly, providing essential comic relief through his endless stream of trivia and malapropisms that often backfired hilariously. In a 2020 retrospective on the show's iconic moments, NBC's Today described Clavin as embodying "another classic trope: The know-it-all," emphasizing how his character filled a vital niche in the bar's ecosystem by injecting absurd expertise into everyday conversations.^[35] This portrayal not only lightened the ensemble's dynamics but also highlighted Ratzenberger's skill in delivering lines with impeccable timing, turning potential annoyances into endearing quirks. However, some analyses have critiqued the depth of Clavin's relationships, particularly his longstanding friendship with Norm Peterson. TVLine's 2022 ranking of Cheers characters described Clavin and Norm as an "all-time great TV buddy duo."^[36] This dynamic contributed to perceptions of Clavin as an "insufferable know-it-all" who, despite his centrality, was frequently sidelined as comic fodder rather than a fully integrated peer.^[36] The character's standout moment came in the 1990 episode "What Is... Cliff Clavin?," where he competes on Jeopardy!, earning widespread acclaim for showcasing Ratzenberger's comedic prowess. Critics hailed the installment as a "can't-miss episode," praising how it amplified Clavin's trivia obsession into a chaotic triumph-turned-fiasco, with his infamous Final Jeopardy wager—"Who are three people who have never been in my kitchen?"—exemplifying the actor's explosive timing and the ensemble's supportive reactions.^[37] Screen Rant echoed this in a 2020 feature, calling Clavin's performance one of his finest, blending overconfidence with vulnerability to elevate the sitcom's humor.^[38] Overall, Clavin received acclaim for bolstering the show's ensemble balance, serving as a reliable secondary figure whose antics grounded the main plots in relatable absurdity, though his role remained peripheral to the core romantic arcs. A 1993 survey by the Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press found Clavin ranked among the least favored characters at 2% popularity among viewers, reflecting his niche appeal as comic relief over leading-man status.^[39] TVLine further noted his contribution to the group's cohesion, crediting Ratzenberger's "underrated comedic stylings" for making Clavin a foundational element despite occasional dips into unlikable territory.^[36]

Cultural Legacy and Popularity

Cliff Clavin has become an enduring archetype of the unreliable trivia buff in American pop culture, embodying the overconfident know-it-all whose facts are often dubious or exaggerated. This portrayal is exemplified alongside similar bumbling characters in media analyses, highlighting the humor in intellectual hubris.^[40] One of the most notable aspects of Clavin's cultural legacy stems from the 1990 Cheers episode "What Is... Cliff Clavin?", where the character competes on Jeopardy! and dramatically loses by wagering all his earnings on an incorrect Final Jeopardy! answer. This moment inspired "Clavin's Rule" within the Jeopardy! fandom, a strategic guideline advising contestants in the lead to avoid aggressive wagers that risk a runaway victory, emphasizing caution over overconfidence. The rule remains a staple in discussions among game show enthusiasts, underscoring Clavin's lasting resonance as a cautionary tale of trivia excess.^[41] Despite considerations for a potential spinoff series centered on Clavin and Norm Peterson following Cheers' conclusion in 1993, the character did not garner sufficient network support to materialize, reflecting his niche appeal as a comedic sidekick rather than a lead.^[2] Clavin's popularity persists, contributing to Cheers' ongoing syndication success and cultural footprint.^[42] In May 2025, following the death of co-star George Wendt (Norm Peterson) at age 76, Ratzenberger expressed heartbreak over the loss of his friend, underscoring the enduring bonds from their time on the show.^[43]

Legal Disputes

The Host International Lawsuit

In January 1993, actors John Ratzenberger and George Wendt, known for portraying Cliff Clavin and Norm Peterson on the television series Cheers, filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against Host International, Inc., the operator of airport concessions.^[44] The suit centered on Host's development of Cheers-themed bars in several U.S. airports, including those in Minneapolis and Detroit, which featured animatronic robots designed to resemble the characters Cliff and Norm.^[45] These robots, initially named "Hank" and "Bob," were life-size figures—one depicted as a heavyset man in casual attire and the other as a postal worker—that moved mechanically and delivered pre-recorded lines mimicking the characters' banter to entertain patrons.^[44] The plaintiffs alleged that Host's use of the robots violated their common law right of publicity under California law, claiming the figures exploited their distinctive physical likenesses and personas without authorization or compensation.^[46] Ratzenberger and Wendt further contended that the robots constituted unauthorized commercial appropriations of their images, as they had exclusively embodied the characters throughout the show's run, creating a strong association in the public mind.^[45] Although Host had obtained a license from Paramount Pictures, the copyright holder of Cheers, to use the bar's set design and character names, the actors argued this did not extend to their personal likenesses, which were protected separately.^[47] The district court granted summary judgment to the defendants, ruling that the robots did not sufficiently resemble Ratzenberger and Wendt and that Paramount's licensing agreement likely shielded Host from liability.^[48] The actors appealed this decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, arguing that genuine issues of material fact existed regarding the robots' similarity to their appearances and the potential for consumer confusion.^[46]

Case Outcome and Implications

In 2001, following the U.S. Supreme Court's denial of certiorari in 2000, George Wendt and John Ratzenberger reached an undisclosed settlement with Host International and Paramount Pictures, resolving the decade-long dispute over the unauthorized use of their likenesses in animatronic figures at Cheers-themed airport lounges.^[49]^[50] The settlement included a financial agreement whose terms were not publicly revealed, but Host International agreed to remove the animatronic robots—depicted as bar patrons resembling Norm Peterson and Cliff Clavin—while retaining the overall lounge themes inspired by the show.^[51]^[52] This resolution, building on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals' 1997 ruling that reversed the district court's summary judgment and found genuine issues of material fact regarding likeness and publicity rights, reinforced protections for performers' right of publicity under California law, even in contexts involving copyrighted characters.^[53] The decision highlighted the limits of copyright preemption over state publicity claims, emphasizing that commercial exploitation of an actor's persona requires consent beyond mere character licensing.^[54]^[48] The case's implications extended to broader discussions on merchandising and promotional rights in media spin-offs, influencing how studios and licensees approach endorsements involving performer likenesses to avoid similar conflicts.^[55] No additional legal actions specifically involving Cliff Clavin's portrayal or related rights have been reported since the settlement.^[56]

References

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Jun 13, 2013 · For George, Cliff Clavin on Cheers, and Nick on New Girl, the world can be a genuinely befuddling place in a way that doesn't feel contrived.Missing: impact | Show results with:impact
[41]
5 Jeopardy! Questions That Stumped (Fictional) Geniuses
Apr 25, 2014 · This one is required knowledge for Jeopardy! aficionados, and has even been immortalized by Jeopardy! strategists as “Clavin's Rule." The ...
[42]
Has 'Cheers' Aged Well? - Collider
Feb 25, 2024 · Now over 30 years since it last opened for business, Cheers has lost a fraction of its cultural mainstay in the 21st century. ... Cliff Clavin ( ...
[43]
Norm and Cliff Fight 'Cheers' Robots - ABC News
Oct 2, 2000 · The actors filed suit against Host in January 1993, just before the hit series ended its 11-year run on NBC. Host was licensed by Paramount ...Missing: details | Show results with:details
[44]
197 F.3d 1284
Plaintiffs George Wendt and John Ratzenberger, the only actors who ever portrayed Norm and Cliff, sued Host for unfair competition and violation of their right ...Missing: lawsuit | Show results with:lawsuit
[45]
Wendt v. Host International
Actors George Wendt and John Ratzenberger appeal the district court's grant of [*809] summary judgment in favor of Host International, Inc. ("Host") and ...Missing: lawsuit | Show results with:lawsuit
[46]
Paramount's Claim for Character Ownership in 'Cheers' Case Rejected
Oct 3, 2000 · The Supreme Court on Monday turned down Paramount Pictures' claim that the studio alone has the right to profit from its “Cheers” characters.
[47]
Wendt v. Host International, Inc., 125 F.3d 806 (1997) - Quimbee
George Wendt and John Ratzenberger (plaintiffs), actors in the TV show Cheers, brought suit against Host International and Paramount Picture Corporation ...
[48]
Ashley Judd wins (and loses) in court
### Summary of Cheers Robot Lawsuit Settlement
[49]
Court won't review 'Cheers' case - UPI Archives
Oct 2, 2000 · The Supreme Court refused to review a lower-court ruling in favor of George Wendt and John Ratzenberger. ... Wendt and Ratzenberger sued Host ...Missing: Ninth Circuit 2001 settlement
[50]
`Cheers' actors settle case against Paramount on look-alike robots ...
Jun 20, 2001 · The actors who portrayed Norm and Cliff on the long-running TV sitcom Cheers have settled their lawsuit against Paramount Pictures…
[51]
Bar Fight: When 'Cheers' Robots Took Over for the Actors
Oct 15, 2024 · Wendt and Ratzenberger were not. In January 1993, months before Cheers aired its final episode, the two filed a lawsuit claiming the ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[52]
https://www.mentalfloss.com/entertainment/tv/cheers-bar-robots-controversy
[53]
[PDF] Copyright Preemption and the Right of Publicity
Jul 27, 2021 · For example, in Wendt v. Host. International" Paramount Pictures, the holder of the copyright in Cheers, had the right to use the characters ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[54]
Wendt v. Host International, Inc. Case Brief - Lexplug
The district court granted summary judgment for the defendants, finding no significant likeness between the robots and the plaintiffs. The appellate panel ...
[55]
George Wendt, an Individual; John Ratzenberger, an ... - Justia Law
Plaintiffs George Wendt and John Ratzenberger, the only actors who ever portrayed Norm and Cliff, sued Host for unfair competition and violation of their right ...