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Colt 45

The Colt Single Action Army, commonly known as the Colt .45 or Peacemaker, is a single-action revolver chambered in .45 Colt, designed by Colt engineers William Mason and Charles Brinckerhoff Richards, and first manufactured by Colt's Patent Fire-Arms Manufacturing Company in 1873 as the U.S. Army's standard-issue sidearm following successful government trials.^[1]^[2]^[3] This revolver marked Colt's transition to self-contained metallic cartridges in a solid-frame design, replacing earlier cap-and-ball models, and its robust construction—featuring a six-round cylinder, fixed sights, and hammer-mounted firing pin—provided reliable performance in the harsh conditions of the American West.^[1]^[4] Adopted amid post-Civil War military modernization, over 37,000 units were produced for the Army by 1890, arming cavalry units in campaigns against Native American tribes and in the Spanish-American War, while its power and availability made it a staple for civilians, including ranchers, sheriffs, and figures like Wyatt Earp.^[3]^[1] The Colt .45's cultural legacy as "the gun that won the West" stems from its ubiquity in frontier conflicts and later romanticization in dime novels and Hollywood Westerns, driving civilian demand that prompted reintroduction in 1956 after wartime production halted in 1941; today, it remains in limited production, valued for historical reenactments, collecting, and sporting use, with reproductions and originals fetching high prices at auction due to their enduring mechanical simplicity and stopping power.^[2]^[4]^[5] No major mechanical flaws or recalls marred its military service, though its single-action mechanism required manual cocking per shot, limiting rapid fire compared to later double-action designs, yet this trait enhanced accuracy for deliberate aimed shots in its era.^[3]^[4]

Firearms

Origins and Development of the .45 Colt Cartridge

The .45 Colt cartridge, also known as .45 Long Colt, emerged from collaborative efforts between Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company and U.S. Army ordnance officials in 1872 to create a robust centerfire revolver round capable of delivering superior terminal ballistics over preceding rimfire designs like the .44 Henry. Prior cartridges, such as the .44 rimfire used in earlier military revolvers, had demonstrated insufficient stopping power in close-quarters engagements during the post-Civil War era, prompting demands for a heavier bullet with enhanced energy transfer against human and large animal targets. This development prioritized a rimmed, straight-walled case for reliable extraction in single-action revolvers, with the cartridge's design finalized to meet Army specifications for black powder propulsion.^[6]^[7] Adopted as the standard U.S. Army service cartridge on July 1, 1873, following successful ordnance testing, the .45 Colt featured a 250-grain lead bullet propelled by 40 grains of black powder, achieving a muzzle velocity of approximately 900 feet per second and muzzle energy around 450 foot-pounds. Army evaluations emphasized the round's wound ballistics, including adequate penetration and tissue disruption from its large-diameter, flat-nosed projectile, which outperformed lighter .38- and .44-caliber predecessors in empirical trials simulating combat scenarios. Frankford Arsenal standardized production of these loads, ensuring consistency for frontier service where rapid incapacitation was critical against variably clothed adversaries or wildlife.^[8]^[9] By the late 1890s, as smokeless powder revolutionized ammunition worldwide, commercial loadings of the .45 Colt transitioned from black powder to smokeless propellants, allowing for compressed charges that maintained similar ballistics in stronger modern firearms while reducing fouling. This adaptation, beginning around 1898 with manufacturers like Union Metallic Cartridge Company, preserved the cartridge's versatility for civilian and sporting use after its military phase-out in 1892 in favor of lighter .38 Long Colt rounds. However, original black powder specifications remained the benchmark for historical replicas, with smokeless variants capped at lower pressures to avoid damaging antique arms, reflecting ongoing evolution driven by material advancements rather than radical redesign.^[10]^[11]

The Colt Single Action Army Revolver

The Colt Single Action Army revolver, chambered in .45 Colt, was introduced in 1873 following U.S. government service trials in 1872, featuring a robust top-break frame and strengthened components to accommodate the cartridge's power.^[1] Its single-action mechanism requires manual cocking of the hammer to rotate the six-shot cylinder and align each chamber with the barrel before firing, a design prioritizing simplicity and mechanical reliability over rapid follow-up shots.^[1] Standard military models employed blued steel barrels and cylinders paired with color case-hardened frames, enhancing durability against corrosion in arid or humid conditions while maintaining a weight balance—approximately 2.3 pounds unloaded—that facilitated handling during mounted or dismounted use.^[12] Adopted as the U.S. Army's standard sidearm in 1873 with an initial order of 8,000 units, the revolver saw extensive service through the Indian Wars from the 1870s to the 1890s, equipping cavalry troopers in engagements across the Great Plains and Southwest.^[13] Its enclosed action demonstrated empirical resilience in dusty, sandy environments, with historical accounts noting continued function despite exposure to grit and minimal maintenance, as the mechanism's geometry shielded critical components like the hammer and sear from debris ingress.^[14] First-generation production, spanning 1873 to 1941, totaled 357,859 units, reflecting sustained demand for its proven field performance in harsh frontier theaters.^[1] Following military obsolescence around 1892, surplus Single Action Army revolvers flooded civilian markets in the 1890s and 1900s via Ordnance Department sales, with over half of all first-generation units produced during this civilian-oriented period.^[12] These sales amplified the revolver's permeation into ranching, law enforcement, and ranch-hand culture, where its ergonomic balance—centered weight distribution and 7.5-inch barrel length—supported quick draws from holsters and practical accuracy, yielding groups of 2.5 to 3 inches at 25 yards under rested conditions, sufficient for combat ranges up to 50 yards.^[15] This handling contributed to its enduring association with Western archetypes, independent of romanticized media portrayals.^[12]

The .45 ACP Cartridge and M1911 Pistol

The .45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) cartridge was developed by John M. Browning in 1904 for Colt's Manufacturing Company to address the limitations of existing revolver rounds in semi-automatic firearms, particularly the rimmed .45 Colt, which jammed in magazine-fed systems due to inconsistent headspacing and feeding.^[16] Unlike the heeled, black-powder-era .45 Colt, the .45 ACP employs a rimless, straight-walled case for smoother extraction and reliable cycling in self-loading pistols, with standard military loading consisting of a 230-grain full metal jacket bullet at approximately 850 feet per second, delivering around 369 foot-pounds of muzzle energy.^[16] This design evolved from earlier .41-caliber prototypes tested by Colt and Browning, but the Army's demand for a larger-bore round—driven by empirical evidence from the Moro Rebellion (1899–1913), where the .38 Long Colt's lighter projectile often failed to achieve one-shot incapacitation against charging warriors despite multiple hits—prioritized hydrostatic shock and tissue disruption over velocity, favoring the .45's proven stopping power from prior .45 Colt use in the Philippines.^[17]^[16] Browning's Colt Model 1911 pistol, chambered for the .45 ACP, represented a leap in semi-automatic innovation with its short-recoil-operated, tilting-barrel locking mechanism, which harnessed the cartridge's recoil to unlock the barrel from the slide after firing, allowing reliable operation without manual cycling.^[18] The design features a single-action trigger, forged steel frame and slide for durability under high-pressure loads, a 7-round single-stack magazine capacity (plus one in the chamber), and ergonomic controls including a manual thumb safety and grip safety to prevent accidental discharge.^[18]^[19] These elements addressed revolver shortcomings like slower reloads and lower capacity, enabling rapid follow-up shots in a locked-breech system that minimized felt recoil through a heavier slide and lower bore axis compared to contemporary competitors.^[20] Following rigorous U.S. Army trials from 1904 to 1911, including endurance tests where prototypes fired thousands of rounds without failure, the Colt Model 1911 was officially adopted on March 29, 1911, as the standard service pistol, designated "Pistol, Semi-automatic, .45 Caliber, Model of 1911."^[19]^[21] It remained in primary U.S. military issue through World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, valued for its mechanical simplicity and combat-proven reliability, until its replacement by the 9mm Beretta M9 in 1985.^[22]^[23]

Military Adoption and Combat Performance

The U.S. Army adopted the .45 Colt cartridge in conjunction with the Colt Single Action Army revolver on July 1, 1873, replacing earlier percussion cap models as the standard cavalry sidearm, with an initial order of 8,000 units shipped that summer.^[1] The revolver served through the Indian Wars and Spanish-American War, demonstrating reliability in frontier conditions but was phased out by 1891 in favor of double-action designs amid evolving tactical needs.^[1] The shift to semi-automatic pistols led to the 1905-1911 U.S. Army trials, where the .45 ACP cartridge and Colt M1911 design excelled in stopping power tests following failures of .38-caliber rounds against Moro insurgents, prompting selection for its superior incapacitation potential via larger bullet diameter and mass.^[21] Adopted as the U.S. Pistol, Caliber .45, M1911 on March 29, 1911, it became the standard Army sidearm, with production scaling to approximately 2.1 million M1911 and M1911A1 variants during World War II across manufacturers including Colt, Remington Rand, Ithaca, and Union Switch & Signal.^[24] In World War I, the M1911 proved reliable in trench conditions during offensives like Aisne-Marne in July 1918, where its durability under mud and prolonged firing supported close-quarters engagements, with soldiers noting minimal malfunctions compared to European 9mm alternatives.^[25] World War II service, particularly in the Pacific theater, highlighted the M1911's empirical advantages in humid, sandy environments, enduring submersion in mud and sand during endurance trials that fired 6,000+ rounds before exposure to contaminants, outperforming competitors in function rates per original Army tests adapted for wartime use.^[26] Historical accounts emphasize its .45 ACP ballistics yielding higher one-shot incapacitation—estimated at over 90% in anecdotal military reports versus 9mm—due to greater tissue disruption, justifying 70+ years of primary service until the 1985 Beretta M9 adoption.^[24]^[27] The U.S. Marine Corps retained .45 platforms post-1985 via the Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable) pistol, a customized M1911A1 variant built by Quantico armorers for Force Recon, serving through 2012 in conflicts including Iraq, valued for close-quarters reliability over the standard 9mm.^[28] Maintenance data from these units showed failure rates under 1% in adverse conditions, countering replacement pushes by affirming the design's causal edge in combat stopping efficacy and field endurance.^[29]

Civilian Applications, Self-Defense Efficacy, and Modern Variants

The .45 Colt cartridge remains popular for civilian hunting of medium-sized game, including deer and black bear, owing to its versatility in revolvers and lever-action rifles, with modern +P loads achieving velocities of 1,200 to 1,300 fps from 300-grain bullets for sufficient penetration and expansion on such targets.^[30]^[31]^[32] These loads deliver rapid energy transfer suitable for hogs and black bear at moderate ranges, as reported in user accounts and ammunition testing, though hunters emphasize shot placement over caliber alone for ethical kills.^[33]^[34] In self-defense contexts, the .45 ACP cartridge, paired with platforms like the Colt Government Model, demonstrates efficacy through ballistic gelatin tests simulating human tissue, where standard 230-grain hollow-point loads typically expand to 0.7-0.9 inches while penetrating 12-18 inches, aligning with FBI protocol for reliable incapacitation without over-penetration.^[35]^[36] Analyses of over 1,700 real-world shooting incidents, including civilian defensive uses, show .45 ACP achieving approximately 95% one-shot stops—higher than 9mm's 86%—attributable to its greater bullet mass and momentum, which facilitate larger wound channels and hydrostatic shock in soft tissue despite lower velocity.^[37]^[38] This edge in low-velocity energy transfer favors .45 for concealed carry scenarios where rapid threat neutralization is paramount, though empirical data underscores that multiple well-placed shots outperform caliber differences in most encounters.^[39] Colt maintains production of modern Single Action Army revolvers chambered in .45 Colt, offering barrel lengths of 5.5 inches and 7.5 inches with traditional blued steel finishes for enduring reliability in cowboy action shooting and hunting.^[40] For the .45 ACP lineage, Colt's Government Model variants, such as the Custom Carry Government and optics-ready 1911 models introduced in the 2020s, retain all-steel frames for proven durability under recoil while incorporating enhanced ergonomics and Novak-style sights.^[41] Aftermarket customs from specialized gunsmiths further evolve these designs with stippled grips and tuned triggers, preserving the original's single-action mechanics but adapting to contemporary self-defense needs without compromising structural integrity.^[42]^[43]

Technical Criticisms and Reliability Debates

The Colt Single Action Army revolver's fixed sights and cylinder gap have drawn criticism for limiting inherent accuracy, with mechanical groups typically ranging from 2.5 to 5 inches at 25 yards under controlled conditions, influenced by factors such as sight radius and ammunition consistency.^[15] The cylinder gap, often around 0.015 inches, contributes to minor velocity loss and potential leading, which can degrade precision without adjustments like barrel setback.^[44] These limitations are largely addressed through shooter training and load tuning rather than design overhaul, as historical users compensated via sight filing or instinctive shooting techniques.^[45] Critics of the .45 ACP-powered M1911 pistol highlight occasional feeding issues with jacketed hollow-point ammunition compared to full metal jacket loads, though U.S. Army endurance tests in 1911 demonstrated exceptional reliability, firing 6,000 rounds per pistol with minimal stoppages when cleaned intermittently.^[46] ^[47] Jamming rates remain below 1% in high-volume military and civilian testing with standard ball ammunition, underscoring that operator-induced factors like limp-wristing or poor maintenance often exceed inherent design vulnerabilities.^[48] In modern variants like the USMC M45A1 adopted in the 2010s, reports emerged of slide cracking after 2,000–3,000 rounds and accelerated finish wear from Cerakote coatings, prompting returns for refinishing as early as 2017.^[49] ^[50] Extractor and rail durability concerns in dusty environments have been noted in post-2020 reviews, yet civilian stress tests exceeding 15,000 rounds without catastrophic failure indicate uptime above 99% when contrasted with polymer-framed competitors, which face striker and frame flex issues under similar abuse.^[49] ^[51] Reliability debates often pit empirical defensive use data against claims of obsolescence, with surveys cited by the CDC estimating 500,000 to 3 million annual U.S. firearm defenses—many involving .45 platforms—suggesting efficacy tied more to shooter proficiency than mechanical superiority over polymers.^[52] ^[53] Anti-1911 arguments emphasizing higher part counts overlook causal evidence from torture tests, where proper tuning yields stoppage rates comparable to or below those of striker-fired designs, attributing failures to ammunition variability or inadequate break-in rather than systemic flaws.^[54]

Beverages

Introduction and Brewing History of Colt 45 Malt Liquor

Colt 45 Malt Liquor is an American brand of lager-style beer categorized as a malt liquor, distinguished by its use of adjuncts to achieve elevated alcohol by volume (ABV) levels relative to standard beers of the era. Launched in 1963 by the National Brewing Company, based in Baltimore, Maryland, the product was developed as a national competitor to existing malt liquors like Country Club, targeting consumers seeking a potent yet affordable beverage.^[55]^[56] The brand name honors Jerry Hill, the number 45 running back for the Baltimore Colts football team, reflecting local sports culture rather than any firearm association.^[57] The emergence of malt liquors like Colt 45 stemmed from post-Prohibition brewing adaptations in the United States, where the 1933 repeal of alcohol bans coincided with ongoing economic pressures from the Great Depression. Brewers prioritized cost efficiency by incorporating adjuncts such as corn, rice, or sugars alongside malted barley, which boosted fermentable content and alcohol yield while minimizing expenses on premium malts and reducing flavor complexity.^[58]^[59] This approach enabled higher ABV—typically exceeding 5%—at lower production costs, appealing to budget-conscious markets amid constrained ingredient supplies and regulatory limits on beer strength in some states.^[60] Initially formulated at approximately 4.8% ABV, Colt 45 emphasized this "extra kick" as a selling point over traditional beers averaging 3.5-4%.^[61]^[62] Following the National Brewing Company's operations in the mid-20th century, Colt 45 underwent multiple corporate transitions due to industry consolidations. The brewery, which ceased independent production by the late 1970s, saw its brands absorbed through mergers, eventually leading to ownership by the Pabst Brewing Company, which continues to oversee formulation and distribution.^[55]^[63] Over time, the standard ABV stabilized at 5.61%, with subsequent variants including higher-strength options up to 8% or more in specialized releases, adapting to evolving consumer preferences for potency while maintaining the core adjunct-based profile.^[61]^[63]

Production Methods, Alcohol Content, and Product Varieties

Colt 45 malt liquor is brewed using a process involving malted barley combined with adjuncts such as corn or corn syrup, typically comprising about 50% malted barley and the remainder fermented adjuncts to increase fermentable sugars and achieve higher gravity worts than standard lagers.^[64] This adjunct-heavy method, common to American malt liquors, employs mashing to convert starches to sugars via enzymes, followed by boiling with hops for bitterness and bottom-fermentation with lager yeast at cooler temperatures to produce a smooth, lager-style profile.^[65] The resulting beer is filtered for clarity and carbonated, with the formula originating from the National Brewing Company in 1963 and maintained under Pabst Brewing Company ownership thereafter.^[61] The standard alcohol by volume (ABV) of original Colt 45 is 5.61%, an increase from its initial 4.8% formulation, positioning it above typical American beers (4-5% ABV) for enhanced potency per volume.^[63]^[61] This ABV is achieved through the high-fermentability adjunct process, allowing efficient alcohol production without excessive residual sweetness, and is consistent across primary packaging like the standardized 40-ounce bottles that facilitate higher total alcohol consumption.^[66] Some production runs or international variants have reached 7% or 8% ABV, though the core U.S. formula adheres to 5.61%.^[61] Product varieties include the original malt liquor and a Double Malt edition, which incorporates double the malt relative to the standard while preserving the 5.61% ABV for a richer malt character and subtle sweetness.^[67]^[68] Both are lager-style and available in cans or 40-ounce bottles, with the lineup emphasizing the core recipe's consistency rather than extensive flavor innovations.^[69]

Marketing Approaches and Cultural Penetration

In the 1980s and early 1990s, Colt 45 malt liquor employed celebrity-driven advertising campaigns featuring actor Billy Dee Williams as its primary spokesman, beginning in 1986 and lasting approximately five years.^[70] Williams promoted the beverage with taglines such as "It works every time," portraying it as a smooth yet potent option that delivered a rapid effect, often in scenarios emphasizing masculine appeal and social success.^[71] These commercials aligned with the brand's positioning of Colt 45 as a high-alcohol-content (typically 5.61% ABV) product offering value through larger formats like 40-ounce bottles, appealing to consumers seeking efficiency in intoxication.^[70] The brand's packaging and motifs further reinforced its marketing, including a kicking horse and horseshoe emblem on labels, which the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (BATF) approved despite potential associations with forceful imagery.^[58] This visual element evoked potency and tradition, drawing from the beverage's introduction in the 1960s but gaining renewed prominence in later decades' promotions. Advertising expenditures peaked at $4.92 per barrel in 1988, supporting broad media buys that targeted demographic segments responsive to such branding.^[72] Colt 45's strategies focused on urban and inner-city markets, where sales grew 15% in 1991 alone, driven by demand for affordable, high-strength options among ethnic minority communities.^[73] By the 1980s, brewers shifted emphasis to less affluent areas, with storefront advertising density correlating positively with neighborhood racial compositions featuring higher African American populations, reflecting targeted distribution and promotion to meet consumer preferences for cost-effective potency.^[74] ^[75] Cultural penetration deepened through associations with hip-hop and rap music, exemplified by Afroman's 2001 track "Crazy Rap (Colt 45 & 2 Zig Zags)," which explicitly referenced the beverage in lyrics celebrating casual consumption alongside cannabis, amplifying its visibility in youth and urban subcultures.^[76] Such organic endorsements complemented formal campaigns, embedding Colt 45 in narratives of street-level escapism and contributing to its status as a staple in rap-influenced media by the 1990s.^[77] By the 1990s, Colt 45 had achieved dominance in the malt liquor category, underpinning a billion-dollar industry segment concentrated in Black and Latino inner-city markets, with sustained share evidenced by its position as the top-selling brand entering the decade.^[70] ^[74] Despite reduced advertising budgets dropping to 10 cents per barrel by 1998, the brand maintained penetration through format innovations like the 40-ounce bottle's popularity in hip-hop contexts and responsive product adjustments, countering competitive pressures without relinquishing leadership.^[72]^[77] Colt 45 malt liquor contributed to the broader malt liquor category's expansion into a billion-dollar industry during the 1990s, with sales of leading brands like Colt 45 experiencing 15% growth in 1992, driven largely by demand in urban ethnic minority communities.^[74]^[73] This commercial viability reflected consumer preferences for higher-alcohol-content beverages at lower prices, sustaining production under Pabst Brewing Company following earlier ownership changes.^[78] Despite achieving cultural prominence through references in hip-hop music and films, the brand's economic footprint remained modest within the U.S. beer market, where malt liquors constitute less than 5% of total volume, underscoring voluntary adult uptake rather than coercive dominance.^[79] Criticisms peaked in 1991 amid threats of boycotts against Colt 45 and related products like PowerMaster malt liquor, organized by community leaders protesting perceived targeting of Black consumers via potent formulations and urban advertising.^[80]^[81] These efforts, which included planned actions in 10 major cities, prompted federal rescission of PowerMaster's approval but failed to derail Colt 45's ongoing sales, as the boycott was ultimately called off without sustained impact.^[82] Opponents argued such marketing exacerbated social issues in minority neighborhoods, yet empirical sales demographics reveal disproportionate but consensual consumption—Black Americans, 12-14% of the population, account for 30-33% of malt liquor intake—attributable to affordability and potency preferences rather than proven manipulation.^[60]^[73] Health concerns center on malt liquor's elevated alcohol by volume (typically 5.6-8%), which accelerates blood alcohol concentration rises compared to standard beers, heightening binge drinking risks as defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) at five or more drinks for men and four for women in about two hours.^[83] NIAAA data indicate 57 million U.S. adults engaged in past-month binge drinking in 2024, with higher-ABV products facilitating quicker intoxication and associated harms like injury, though no studies establish unique causality for malt liquors versus generic alcohol effects on crime or dependency.^[84] Personal agency remains key, as consumption patterns align with adult choices in a regulated market, countering narratives of inevitable detriment without evidence of differential outcomes beyond volume and potency generics.^[85] Proponents of Colt 45's marketing highlight economic liberties, including revenue streams supporting brewing jobs and retail in underserved urban areas, framing voluntary demand as an exercise of consumer sovereignty rather than predatory exploitation.^[74] This view posits benefits like accessible recreation for working-class minorities, evidenced by persistent sales despite regulatory scrutiny, against anti-targeting claims that overlook self-selection in demographics favoring value-oriented, high-ABV options.^[60] Empirical persistence post-1991 critiques affirms market-driven viability over moral panics, with no verified causal ties to elevated crime rates specific to the brand beyond alcohol's broader epidemiological profile.^[86]

Sports

Formation and Early Seasons of the Houston Colt .45s

The National League awarded Houston its first Major League Baseball franchise on October 17, 1960, as part of a two-team expansion alongside the New York Mets, bringing MLB to Texas for the first time.^[87] The franchise, owned by the Houston Sports Association, formed its initial roster through the October 10, 1961, expansion draft, selecting players like infielder Bob Aspromonte as its third overall pick from the Los Angeles Dodgers.^[88] The team name "Colt .45s" emerged from a public contest announced in early 1961, chosen for its nod to the Colt Single Action Army revolver—dubbed "the gun that won the West"—to symbolize Texas frontier heritage; team colors were set as navy blue and orange.^[89]^[90] Opening at Colt Stadium, a temporary open-air venue with a capacity of about 32,000, the Colt .45s played their debut game on April 10, 1962, defeating the Chicago Cubs 11-2 before 25,000 fans.^[91] The stadium's location in southeast Houston exposed games to intense summer conditions, with heat indexes often exceeding 100°F (38°C) and humidity levels around 88%, contributing to player fatigue, strategic shifts like favoring night games, and fan heat exhaustion cases—such as 80 spectators treated during a 1962 doubleheader.^[92]^[93] These environmental challenges underscored the need for a domed facility, but the venue hosted the team's early contests while drawing regional interest from Houston's expanding oil-driven economy. The 1962 season yielded a 64-96 record under manager Harry Craft, finishing eighth in the 10-team National League, with Aspromonte anchoring third base amid a young roster blending expansion draftees and minor-league call-ups.^[94]^[88] Records held steady at 66-96 in both 1963 and 1964, placing ninth each year without postseason contention, as the team prioritized development over immediate contention.^[95]^[96] Home attendance averaged 11,400 in 1962 before dipping to around 9,000 annually thereafter, totaling over 700,000 fans per season at Colt Stadium and signaling steady local support despite sub-.500 finishes in a city buoyed by postwar energy sector growth.^[97]

Key Players, Achievements, and Transition to Astros

Harry Craft served as the Houston Colt .45s' manager from the franchise's inception in 1962 through the 1965 season, guiding the expansion team through its formative years in the National League.^[90] Key contributors included pitcher Dick "Turk" Farrell, who emerged as the team's ace with a 10-20 record and 3.02 ERA in 1962 despite the expansion challenges, earning selection to both All-Star Games that year as Houston's lone representative.^[98] Outfielder Román Mejías provided early offensive spark, notably in the team's debut game on April 10, 1962, where he hit two three-run home runs and drove in six RBIs during an 11-2 victory over the Chicago Cubs at Colt Stadium.^[99] These players, alongside others like reliever Hal Woodeshick who combined with Farrell for the franchise's first shutout the following day (a 2-0 win over the Cubs on April 11), laid foundational contributions without securing major individual awards but helping establish Major League Baseball's presence in Texas for the first time.^[100] The Colt .45s recorded modest milestones amid losing seasons, finishing 64-96 in 1962 (eighth in the NL, ahead of the Cubs and Mets) and experiencing their first winning month in September of that year.^[90] The 1963 campaign saw Farrell again lead the pitching staff with a 14-13 mark and 3.02 ERA, while the team continued to build local fan identity through home games at the open-air Colt Stadium, fostering enthusiasm in a region new to big-league play despite overall struggles (approximately 66-96 records in 1963 and 1964).^[101] These efforts, though without playoff contention or division titles in the era's structure, symbolized the team's role in expanding MLB's footprint into the Southwest and cultivating a dedicated Houston following.^[89] On December 1, 1964, team president Roy Hofheinz announced the rebranding to the Houston Astros, effective for the 1965 season, coinciding with the move from Colt Stadium to the innovative Astrodome—the world's first fully air-conditioned, multi-purpose domed stadium.^[102] The change stemmed from a trademark dispute with the Colt firearm manufacturer and aligned with Houston's burgeoning space industry ties, including proximity to NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, adopting a forward-looking "Astros" moniker (short for astronauts) to evoke modernization and the city's technological aspirations rather than frontier imagery.^[103] This transition preserved franchise continuity, with the same ownership, roster core, and fan base relocating to the Astrodome for its April 1965 opener, marking a shift from temporary outdoor facilities to a symbol of urban progress without altering the team's operational identity.^[104]

Arts, Entertainment, and Media

Depictions in Film, Music, and Advertising

The Colt Single Action Army revolver, chambered in .45 Colt and dubbed the "Peacemaker," appears frequently in Western films as the quintessential sidearm of frontier lawmen and outlaws, underscoring themes of justice and showdowns. In the 1950 film Colt .45, directed by Edwin L. Marin and starring Randolph Scott, the plot revolves around stolen prototype revolvers from Colt's factory, portraying the guns as symbols of technological advancement and moral reckoning amid misuse by bandits.^[105] Similarly, in Shane (1953), the title character's .45 revolver features in the climactic saloon confrontation, emphasizing its role in personal vendettas.^[106] The semi-automatic Colt M1911 pistol, in .45 ACP caliber, is depicted in war films to evoke military authenticity during World War II. In Saving Private Ryan (1998), directed by Steven Spielberg, the M1911A1 serves as the standard officer's sidearm for U.S. Army Rangers, including Captain Miller (Tom Hanks), during the D-Day landings and subsequent operations, accurately reflecting its issuance to American forces from 1911 onward.^[107]^[108] Depictions of Colt 45 malt liquor in media contrast sharply with firearm portrayals, often tying the beverage to urban leisure and excess. In music, Afroman's 2001 track "Crazy Rap (Colt 45 and 2 Zig Zags)" explicitly name-checks the malt liquor alongside rolling papers, framing it as a staple for impromptu partying and intoxication in hip-hop narratives.^[109]^[110] Colt 45 malt liquor's advertising campaigns targeted working-class consumers with promises of affordability and potency, featuring actor Billy Dee Williams as pitchman from 1986 into the early 1990s. Williams' suave delivery in spots, such as the 1986 commercial touting "It works every time!", positioned the 5.61% ABV lager as a reliable escape, leveraging his Star Wars fame to blend charisma with the product's high-alcohol appeal.^[111]^[71] These ads aired amid broader malt liquor marketing to African American audiences, though Williams later distanced himself from over-association, stating in interviews that he consumed alcohol moderately.^[112]

Symbolic Role in American Pop Culture

The Colt Single Action Army revolver, chambered in .45 caliber and adopted by the U.S. Army in 1873, symbolizes self-reliant individualism central to American frontier mythology, earning the moniker "the gun that won the West" for its pivotal role in equipping settlers, lawmen, and soldiers amid territorial expansion.^[113] Its design innovations, including a robust frame and cartridge-loading mechanism, provided practical utility in harsh conditions, enabling effective self-defense against wildlife, bandits, and indigenous resistance—countering revisionist critiques of glorification by emphasizing documented military procurement of over 37,000 units for cavalry use and civilian adaptations that supported migration patterns from 1870 onward.^[114] This emblem persists as a cultural shorthand for personal agency, rooted in the revolver's reliability over single-shot alternatives, rather than romanticized narratives divorced from tactical necessities.^[115] Colt 45 malt liquor, introduced in 1963 with an alcohol by volume of 5.61%, represents unpretentious blue-collar fortitude, its high-potency formula and low cost positioning it as an accessible indulgence for laborers facing economic strain.^[72] Marketed initially to middle-class consumers before pivoting to urban demographics in the 1970s, it embodies empowerment through affordability—priced under $2 per 40-ounce bottle in the 1980s—allowing potent escapism without premium outlays, though health advocates highlight associations with overconsumption, as sales peaked amid 1990s advertising surges before declining to niche status by the 2010s.^[116] Empirical trends show malt liquors like Colt 45 comprising a disproportionate share of high-ABV beverage intake among lower-income groups, framing it as a double-edged icon of resilience versus excess in socioeconomic contexts.^[72] The parallel branding of the .45-caliber Colt firearm and malt liquor fuses into a broader evocation of raw Americana—rugged potency bridging self-defense heritage with visceral indulgence—sustaining symbolic resonance in contemporary discourse as a marker of unfiltered vitality, even as cultural tastes evolve toward moderation.^[113]^[72]

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A Brace of .45 Colt - GUNS Magazine
The .45 Colt is a proven and time-honored cartridge from its introduction more than 150 years ago as a black powder load through its transition to smokeless
[11]
Smokeless Powder 45 Colt ammo?
Jan 25, 2023 · The .30-40 Krag-Jorgensen service rifle, the first to use smokeless powder was adopted in 1892, and placed into production at the venerable Springfield Armory ....45 Colt switch to smokeless powder | Colt ForumWhat year for smokeless .45 Colt factory loads?More results from www.coltforum.com
[12]
Colt Peacemaker: Naming a Legend | Rock Island Auction
In 1874, Cincinnati-based firearms dealer Kittredge & Co. came up with the gun's most iconic branding by dubbing it the Colt Peacemaker. 150 years after the ...
[13]
For Want Of A Cavalry Colt - American Handgunner
Colt introduced the Single Action Army and its .45 Colt cartridge in 1873 and the U.S. Army accepted it that same year for cavalry service. In fact, the 7th ...
[14]
The Colt SAA | Handloader Magazine
... tough and durable the Colt SAA really is. The action is well protected from dirt, dust and moisture and when dirty, still continues to function as well or ...
[15]
How Accurate Is a Colt Single Action Army Pistol?
Apr 24, 2025 · While intrinsic mechanical accuracy varies between 2.5–5 inches at 25 meters, practical accuracy hinges on sight radius, shooter skill, and load consistency.
[16]
The .45 ACP: History & Performance | An Official Journal Of The NRA
Dec 8, 2022 · 45 Colt would not function in the new pistols. Colt and John Moses Browning were developing a .41-cal. cartridge in a semi-automatic pistol ...
[17]
The Other 45: Resurrecting the .45 Colt - Guns.com
Jun 20, 2011 · 45 Colt's greatest endorsement came from it being recalled to service after the dismal failure of the Colt 1892 and its .38 Long Colt cartridge ...
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https://www.browning.com/news/articles/historical/history-1911-pistol.html
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The Trials of the M1911 | An Official Journal Of The NRA
May 24, 2011 · The adoption of the M1911 came to be through a lengthy trials process and a partnership between Colt's Mfg. and John Moses Browning.Missing: selection | Show results with:selection
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The 1907 Army Pistol Trials | An NRA Shooting Sports Journal
Dec 22, 2016 · The selection of the Model 1911 was by no means a foregone conclusion when the U.S. Army tested new service pistols in 1907.
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M1911 .45 Caliber Pistol - The Army Historical Foundation
The 1911 was specifically designed to fire the powerful .45 Automatic Colt Pistol round. Fired at a relatively low muzzle velocity, the round would imbed itself ...
[22]
A Short History of the 1911 - The Mag Life - GunMag Warehouse
Oct 12, 2023 · It remained the US military service pistol until 1985, when it was officially replaced with the Beretta 92 9mm. Several smaller units of the ...
[23]
The 1911 Pistol History: Where It's Been - Rock Island Armory
Jan 31, 2017 · After WWII, the 1911 continued to serve with soldiers in conflicts across the world. It wasn't until 1985 that the renowned pistol was ...
[24]
The Colt 1911 - Warfare History Network
Prized for its reliability and stopping power, foreign militaries have also used the Model 1911, and it has been made under license or simply copied around the ...
[25]
The Doughboy's M1911 Pistol In World War I - American Rifleman
Dec 27, 2017 · “In any military pistol there are certain essential qualities: "Accuracy. "Power to stop the enemy at once. "Rapidity of fire. "Reliability. “ ...
[26]
Original M1911 trials | 1911Forum
Jun 17, 2006 · In the combined accuracy-rapidity tests the Colt was faster and more accurate than the Savage. An exhaustive endurance trial was now performed.1911 reliability in dirt | 1911ForumSA : Firing while wet and muddy??? - 1911ForumMore results from www.1911forum.comMissing: mud | Show results with:mud
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Combat History 1911 45acp vs 9mm what? - 1911Forum
Jan 15, 2003 · The 9mm also had a brief military history in the US before the .45 ACP, in the form of the .38 Special. It had an abysmal record for stopping ...
[28]
M45 MEUSOC 1911: Full Review - Guns and Ammo
May 24, 2024 · Built by armorers at the Precision Weapons Section, the M45 MEUSOC pistol served the US Marine Corps from 1985 to 2012.
[29]
Last Of The Breed: Marine Corps M45A1 - American Rifleman
Jun 24, 2019 · The final example of U.S. military M1911s, the Marine Corps M45A1 was carried on special operations missions around the world.
[30]
https://blackbasin.com/handgun-ammo/.45-colt/
[31]
45 COLT +P DEER GRENADE Handgun Ammo
This load was designed specifically to do horrific damage to deer-sized animals such as average black bear and hogs. It will make an incredible anti ...Missing: versatility | Show results with:versatility
[32]
45 Colt Load Data - Guns and Ammo
Dec 5, 2019 · It's pretty hard to find any other handgun cartridge that is as versatile as the good old 45 Colt. If you're into reloading, ...
[33]
The Timeless Versatility Of .45 Colt - Gun Digest
Jul 3, 2025 · At over 150 years old, the .45 Colt cartridge is still going strong, and it still has plenty of useful applications in modernity.<|separator|>
[34]
Is .45 Long Colt an effective Bear and Moose round? - Reddit
Aug 1, 2025 · I've killed 2 deer and a black bear with it. All 3 were crippled by a car before I had to do the last nice thing for them. Edit: if you hand ...Your Best Outdoor Cartridge? Recommendations wanted! - RedditAn introduction to the .45 Colt cartridge, quite possibly the most ...More results from www.reddit.com
[35]
Handgun Self-Defense Ammunition Ballistics Test - Lucky Gunner
Oct 15, 2015 · Lucky Gunner tests more than 110 different 9mm, 45 ACP, 40 S&W and 380 ACP handgun self-defense ammunition loads in ballistic gel with ...38 Special and .357 Magnum... · Hornady critical defense 380 · 10mm Auto Results
[36]
The Best Self Defense Ammo -9mm, 45 ACP & More Gel Tests
Nov 29, 2023 · Need to know what the best self defense ammo is? Our interactive ballistics table has the information you need to make the right decision.Ballistic Testing Basics · Terminal Ballistics For Self... · Self Defense Ammo Expansion
[37]
An Alternate Look at Handgun Stopping Power
Jul 8, 2011 · Between the most common defensive calibers (.38, 9mm, .40, and .45) there was a spread of only eight percentage points. No matter what gun you ...
[38]
Analyzing 1800 Shootings: Which Caliber Has the Best Stopping ...
May 15, 2021 · We can see that smaller calibers tend to require more shots until the person is incapacitated. The 9 mm Luger round has the highest number of ...
[39]
The Truth About Handgun Stopping Power (Hint: It's Complicated)
Jul 13, 2021 · Considered by many as the ultimate stopper, there are studies that claim the 230-grain .45 Auto load is the best of the best.
[40]
Single Action Army Family – Colt's Manufacturing Company LLC
Single Action Army (4.75") - .45 Colt caliber single-action revolver. Single Action Army (4.75"). $2,299.00.Missing: history | Show results with:history
[41]
Pistols – Colt's Manufacturing Company LLC
Night Commander (45 ACP). $1,349.00. Silver Colt handgun with blue textured grip and mounted red dot sight side view. OPTICS-READY 1911 (45 ACP). $1,399.00.1911 Classic · Defender · 1911 Classic Royal Blue · 1911 Classic SSMissing: history | Show results with:history
[42]
Colt Custom - Colt's Manufacturing Company LLC
Design your own competition gun by choosing from many custom options: barrels and slides, sight systems, hammers, triggers and trigger guards, safeties, ...Missing: modern | Show results with:modern
[43]
Better Than Custom 1911 Pistols - 100% Made in the USA
Cabot Guns - makers of custom 1911 Pistols Handbuilt in the USA. The finest craftsmanship, materials and gunsmithing available on a custom 1911.
[44]
Colt SAA cylinder gap - SASS Wire Forum
Dec 21, 2023 · A .015" cylinder gap on a Colt SAA may cause leading. Solutions include setting the barrel back, or using tools to cut the barrel and forcing ...Accuracy at 25 yards - SASS Wire SaloonPoint of impact, sight adjustment for Model P - SASS Wire ForumMore results from forums.sassnet.com
[45]
Accuracy question for a Colt single action army. : r/Revolvers - Reddit
Sep 22, 2018 · The SAA has fixed sights. It was common practice in the old West to file the front sight down to bring your point of impact up. They shot ...
[46]
Throwback Thursday: The 1911 Pistol — Reliability and Accuracy
Dec 8, 2022 · Let's look back to the original Army test of the Colt 1911, a pistol with softer steel and perhaps less consistency than modern CNC-machined pistols.
[47]
Why do Colt M1911 pistols jam a lot more than striker-fired ... - Quora
Jan 26, 2019 · It was designed specifically for FMJ ammunition. The original testing of the M1911 using hardball ammo fired 6,000 rounds without a malfunction.Are 1911 45 ACP reliable hand guns? - QuoraIs a 45 caliber semi-automatic pistol more likely to jam than a 9 ...More results from www.quora.com
[48]
What is considered a reliable 1911? | 1911Forum
Oct 14, 2009 · I would say zero malfunctions within 500 rounds. Most 1911 malfunctions are due to dirty/broken feed lips, or ammo. Given quality magazines ie ...Chance of 1911 becoming reliable if jamming within break in period?Original M1911 trials | 1911ForumMore results from www.1911forum.com
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Colt M45A1 CQBP Marine Pistol: 15000 Rounds Later
Mar 22, 2021 · The first thing that needs to be addressed; the M45A1 initially got a bad rap for reports of the slide cracking after only a few thousand rounds ...Missing: extractor 2020s
[50]
Cerakote's big fail? USMC returns M45A1 Close Quarters Battle ...
Apr 27, 2017 · The USMC returned the pistols because the Cerakote finish was wearing off too quickly for the Marines.Missing: Rail 2020s
[51]
Defensive 1911: 1911 Reliability - Swift | Silent | Deadly
Jul 24, 2020 · 1911s can be reliable – sometimes insanely reliable. We have been told so frequently that 1911s aren't reliable that even I have sort of started to believe it.
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That Time The CDC Asked About Defensive Gun Uses - Forbes
Apr 30, 2018 · Almost all national survey estimates indicate that defensive gun uses by victims are at least as common as offensive uses by criminals, with ...
[53]
12 Defensive Gun Uses Show That Armed Citizens Make ...
Almost every major study has found that Americans use their firearms in self-defense between 500,000 and 3 million times annually, as the Centers for Disease ...
[54]
Colt 1911 .45 ACP Torture Test - Gauntlet - YouTube
Jun 11, 2018 · PLEASE SUPPORT MAC ON PATREON (we are viewer supported): http://www.patreon.com/militaryarms This is one of my favorite pistols from history ...Missing: sand | Show results with:sand
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[PDF] Malt Liquor - Brewery History Society
In 1963 at National Brewing in Baltimore, Maryland, a man named Dawson Farber was leading the marketing effort. He was very concerned about the growing com-.
[56]
[PDF] National Brewery Company - Baltimore Beer Week
Brewery introduced Colt 45 in 1963. When Colt 45 first hit liquor stores it was a premium product, priced higher than Boh and designed to compete with. Bud, ...
[57]
Colt 45 - Robert "Chick" Fritz, Inc
A premier malt liquor introduced in 1963 by the Baltimore, Maryland-based National Brewing Company, Colt 45 was named in honor of running back Jerry Hill.
[58]
Malt Liquor: A History | Faithful Readers
Apr 29, 2012 · Born in the late 1930's, Malt Liquor looked like a promising child. Brewing had returned with the Repeal of Prohibition in 1933, but the Depression was making ...Missing: adjuncts affordability
[59]
Malt Liquor | Legends Of Beer
Malt liquor is a type of beer that distinguishes itself through its higher alcohol content, use of adjuncts like corn or sugar, and its affordable price point.
[60]
A Story without Heroes: The Cautionary Tale of Malt Liquor
Then something happened to change the brew's history, the first of its watershed moments. Malt Liquor Goes Wild. In 1963 at National Brewing in Baltimore, a ...
[61]
Colt 45 - 40ozMaltLiquor.com
45 caliber handgun. Originally available at 4.8% ABV, Colt 45 now weighs in at 5.61% ABV in the U.S., and has been produced in 7%, 8% ...Missing: original Queen
[62]
https://weirdovideo.com/colt-45-malt-liquor/
[63]
Colt 45 Malt Liquor | Pabst Brewing Company - BeerAdvocate
The ABV is not even 6% so the bad rap it gets for "High Alcohol Content" is rubbish. I will return to this time to time when I want a nice, sweet, low ...Missing: original Queen Malts
[64]
Malt liquor brewing behind the scenes : r/beer - Reddit
Jul 14, 2024 · Most Malt liquor is only about 50% malted barley and the rest is fermented adjuncts, usually corn syrup. Ferments faster and more easily and ...Missing: methods | Show results with:methods
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https://www.acmemarkets.com/shop/product-details.960509875.html
[67]
Colt 45 Double Malt Liquor Colt 45 Double Malt 40 oz bottle - Coborn's
In stockColt 45 Double Malt is brewed with double the malts of regular Colt 45 while containing the same 5.61% ABV. • Domestic American Malt Liquor Beer. • 5.6% ABV.
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https://www.gotoliquorstore.com/p/colt-45-double-malt-liquor/9179
[69]
Colt 45 Malt Liquor Lager, 8 ct / 12 fl oz - Kroger
Free delivery over $35 30-day returnsColt 45 is a 5.6% ABV lager, born in 1963 in Baltimore, named after Jerry Hill, with a slightly sweet taste and the catchphrase "It Works Every Time".
[70]
Billy Dee Williams returns as Colt 45 spokesman - USA Today
Mar 27, 2016 · The Brian's Song and Star Wars actor served as the malt liquor's brand ambassador for five years starting in 1986, when Colt 45 was the biggest ...
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Colt 45 Commercial With Billy Dee Williams - YouTube
Feb 11, 2008 · Colt 45 Commercial With Billy Dee Williams.
[72]
The Sleazy and Spectacular History of Malt Liquor - Thrillist
Feb 18, 2016 · Malt liquor is beer with more alcohol than the 3.5-4% ABV adjunct lagers that were standard in the US through the first half of the 20th century.Missing: Prohibition | Show results with:Prohibition
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Marketing of Malt Liquor Fuels Debate : Consumption: Sales of the ...
Dec 15, 1992 · Sales of Colt 45, Olde English 800, King Cobra and other high-octane malt liquor brands grew 15% last year. Analysts say much of the sales gain is among ethnic ...Missing: growth | Show results with:growth
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Whatever Happened to Malt Liquor? - Alcohol Professor
Jun 13, 2025 · Actor Billy Dee Williams famously sold Colt 45 with the slogan: “Works every time.” Other rappers including Snoop Dogg, Ice Cube, and E-40 all ...
[75]
Malt Liquor Marketing in Inner Cities: The Role of Neighborhood ...
Aug 6, 2025 · The authors found that storefront malt liquor ads were more common in neighborhoods with higher percentages of African Americans, even after controlling for ...
[76]
Afroman – Crazy Rap (Colt 45 & 2 Zig-Zags) Lyrics - Genius
“Crazy Rap” is a single from the comedic rapper Afroman detailing his various sexual experiences.<|separator|>
[77]
40oz Beats: A Brief History of Malt Liquor in Hip Hop - VICE
Nov 17, 2015 · You can still buy them, of course, but the 40's share of the market, compared to the 1990s, is negligible.” Though popularity and sales for malt ...
[78]
Snoop Dogg suing Pabst for 10 percent of Colt 45 - CNBC
Jun 9, 2015 · The famed rapper is suing American brewer Pabst Brewing Company, owner of the Colt 45 malt liquor brand, for ten percent of the brand's value.
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The Alcohol Industry in Data
Jan 17, 2023 · Malt liquor is the least consumed beer at 52 million. Beer and Wine Consumption by Type. Alcohol Industry Market Share. Popular Alcohol Brands.
[80]
Brewer Faces Boycott Over Marketing of Potent Malt Liquor
Jun 25, 1991 · To get across the image of a more potent mix, makers of malt liquor have instead relied on flashy names like Colt 45, King Cobra, Midnight ...
[81]
COMPANY NEWS; U.S. Rescinds Approval of A Malt Liquor
Jul 4, 1991 · The Heileman executives were told that a boycott of Colt 45 was scheduled to start Friday in 10 cities. After the Government issued its ...
[82]
Brewery Dumps Marketing Plans for PowerMaster
Jul 4, 1991 · ... boycott its best-selling Colt 45 Malt Liquor brand in at least 10 major cities. “I told them if they renamed it 'Gentle Lamb,' we'd still ...
[83]
Alcohol Use in the United States: Age Groups and Demographic ...
Aug 12, 2025 · According to the 2024 NSDUH, 57.0 million adults ages 18 and older (21.7% in this age group) reported binge drinking in the past month (see ...
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Alcohol Facts and Statistics
Find up-to-date statistics on lifetime drinking, past-year drinking, past-month drinking, binge drinking, heavy alcohol use, and high-intensity drinking.Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) · Underage Drinking · Alcohol Treatment in the...
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How much is too much? 5 things you need to know about binge ...
Aug 12, 2019 · NIAAA defines binge drinking as drinking enough alcohol to raise one's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08% or above.Missing: statistics | Show results with:statistics
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The Effectiveness of Alcohol Impact Areas in Reducing Crime in ...
Sales of top malt liquor brands such as Steel Reserve and Colt 45 decreased 3.3% and 2.7%, respectively, from 2015 to 2016 (Swartz, 2017).
[87]
Houston Colt 45's Team Formation | SPORTS TEAM HISTORY
1962 - Houston Colt 45's Team Formation However, on October 17, 1960, the National League granted an expansion franchise to the Houston Sports Association in ...
[88]
The Colt .45s and the 1961 Expansion Draft
On October 10, 1961, the National League held the expansion draft to provide players for the Houston Colt .45s and the New York Mets.
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Houston Colt .45s - Texas State Historical Association
Feb 1, 2017 · With a team coming to town, the owners needed a name. So, they held a “Name the Team” contest that allowed Houstonians to submit their ideas.
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Houston Colt .45s history - 1962 season - AstrosDaily.com
The new Houston team was named the "Colt .45s" after a "Name The Team" contest was held. The colors selected were navy blue and orange.
[91]
Our History | Houston Astros - MLB.com
Named after the "Gun that won the West," the Colt .45s debuted on April 10, 1962 beating the Chicago Cubs 11-2 at Colt Stadium in the first-ever major league ...
[92]
Fans drop from oppressive heat at Colt Stadium - ABC13 Houston
Aug 31, 2020 · It was so hot on June 10, 1962 at a Colt .45 baseball game that it changed the way baseball is played.
[93]
Houston's Role in the Initiation of Sunday Night Baseball
By noon the temperature at Colt Stadium had risen to 88 degrees with the humidity checking in at 88 percent.
[94]
1962 Houston Colt .45s Statistics | Baseball-Reference.com
Record: 64-96-2, Finished 8th in National League (Schedule and Results) ; Manager: Harry Craft (64-96-2) ; General Manager: Paul Richards (Hired 9/7 ...1963 Houston Colt .45s Statistics · Román Mejías · Bob Aspromonte · Hal Smith
[95]
1963 Houston Colt .45s Statistics - Baseball-Reference.com
1963 Houston Colt .45s Statistics. 1962 Season 1964 Season. Record: 66-96, Finished 9th in National League (Schedule and Results).
[96]
1964 Houston Colt .45s Statistics - Baseball-Reference.com
1964 Houston Colt .45s Statistics. 1963 Season 1965 Season. Record: 66-96, Finished 9th in National League (Schedule and Results).
[97]
Houston Astros Attendance Records (1962-2026) | Baseball Almanac
Houston Colt .45s Attendance. 1962 - 1964 ; YEAR, BALLPARK, GM AVG ; 1962. 1963. 1964. Colt Stadium. Colt Stadium. Colt Stadium. 11,413. 8,883. 8,960 ; YEAR ...
[98]
Dick “Turk” Farrell: Houston's First All-Star
Pitcher Dick “Turk” Farrell was selected in 1962 to represent the expansion Houston Colt .45s franchise at both All-Star Games.
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April 10, 1962: Expansion Colt .45s win first game in franchise history
May 22, 2015 · The Colt .45s had won their first game! And Roman Mejias, with two three-run home runs, a single, and six runs batted in, was the day's hitting star.
[100]
Chicago Cubs vs Houston Colt .45s Box Score: April 10, 1962
Houston Colt .45s beat Chicago Cubs (11-2). Apr 10, 1962, Attendance: 25271, Time of Game: 2:32. Visit Baseball-Reference.com for the complete box score, ...
[101]
Houston Colt .45s history - 1963 season - AstrosDaily.com
... Key Pitchers, W, L, ERA. SP, Ken Johnson, 11, 17, 2.65. SP, Dick Farrell, 14, 13, 3.02. SP, Don Nottebart, 11, 8, 3.17. SP, Bob Bruce, 5, 9, 3.59. SP, Hal Brown ...
[102]
Houston Astros team name history - MLB.com
HOUSTON -- A move to the space-age Astrodome meant the local baseball team deserved a space-age nickname, too. Thus the Astros were born, replacing the Colt . ...
[103]
The Houston Colt .45s officially change their nickname to "Astros."
The change in name for the three-year old franchise is prompted by a dispute with the Colt firearm company and the team's proximity to NASA headquarters.
[104]
Houston Colt .45s (1962-1964) - Fun While It Lasted
May 9, 2025 · Shortly before the Colt .45s were awarded, plans were proposed to renovate and expand Buffalo Stadium in hopes the city would indeed land a ...
[105]
Colt .45 (1950) - The Silver Screen Oasis
Feb 17, 2009 · This brightly colored Edwin L. Marin directed movie, which might easily have been called Gun Crazy (Western Style), has recently been broadcast ...Missing: revolver | Show results with:revolver<|separator|>
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Colt 45 and the Movie "Shane"
Feb 26, 2010 · As a Shane fan, here's some trivia. When Jack Palance falls back after Shane shoots him he is firing what looks like a Colt Official Police.
[107]
Colt M1911A1 - Saving Private Ryan Wiki - Fandom
In Saving Private Ryan This sidearm was used as the standard issued sidearm of the American military during World War 2. The pistol was also seen in the hands ...
[108]
A Look at the 1911 Handgun's Role in Hollywood Movies
Feb 9, 2023 · The 1911 has been heavily featured in several classic World War II movies and series, such as Saving Private Ryan and Band of Brothers.
[109]
Afroman - Crazy Rap (Colt 45 & 2 Zig Zags) (Official Music Video)
Oct 8, 2009 · Afroman's official video for 'Crazy Rap (Colt 45 & 2 Zig Zags)' from the album, Sell Your Dope.
[110]
Colt 45 and 2 Zig-Zags Meaning | Pop Culture by Dictionary.com
Jul 23, 2018 · The phrase Colt 45 and 2 Zig-Zags is a lyric from rapper Afroman's song “Crazy Rap,” in which he suggests malt liquor and weed are all that's needed for a good ...
[111]
1986 Colt 45 Malt Liquor commercial Billy Dee Williams - YouTube
Oct 30, 2021 · You want to learn about body language? Learn from the master. Billy Dee Williams as Colt 45's spokesman went from the 80s into the early 90s ...
[112]
Billy D Williams Colt 45 Ad, 1986 "Works every time." : r/80s - Reddit
Sep 15, 2023 · TIL when Billy Dee Williams was questioned about his ... Take off on a completely unique experience, Colt 45 Malt Liquor ad, 1969.Billy Dee Williams in a bizarre commercial for Colt 45 (1988) - RedditTake off on a completely unique experience, Colt 45 Malt Liquor ad ...More results from www.reddit.com
[113]
The 7 Most American Guns | Rock Island Auction
The Colt Single Action Army revolver is one of history's top American guns. ... Dubbed “the gun that won the West”, the Winchester '73 is the essence of ...
[114]
How the Colt Revolver Shaped the American West - Send It Outfitters
Sep 9, 2024 · Among the various models produced by Colt, the Colt Single Action Army, or Peacemaker, introduced in 1873, stands out as one of the most famous.Missing: reliance | Show results with:reliance
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The Colt Peacemaker: Its Origins and Legacy - Inside Safariland
A staple of the Western genre, the Colt Peacemaker started life as a military sidearm before morphing into the default handgun for generations of shooters.Missing: utility | Show results with:utility
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The Brief, Drunk History of Malt Liquor - Hop Culture
Mar 17, 2017 · Revered by the infamous Afroman in his single “Colt 45,” malt liquor has a reputation for being a beer (yes, a beer) that's made cheaply, packed with alcohol, ...