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Cosmosphere

The Cosmosphere is a Smithsonian-affiliated aerospace museum and science education center located in Hutchinson, Kansas, United States, housing over 13,000 spaceflight artifacts in the world's largest combined collection of United States and Soviet/Russian space artifacts.^[1]^[2] Founded in 1962 by Patty Carey as a planetarium on the Kansas State Fairgrounds, it began with a used projector and community support to foster public interest in astronomy and space exploration.^[3]^[4] The institution expanded significantly in the 1970s and 1980s, acquiring artifacts from NASA's early crewed missions and Soviet-era hardware during Russia's economic challenges in the late 1990s, transforming it into a comprehensive museum dedicated to the history of space exploration.^[1] In 1998, it became a Smithsonian Affiliate, recognizing its role in preserving and interpreting significant aerospace heritage.^[2] Today, the Cosmosphere's mission emphasizes STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) education, inspiring visitors through interactive exhibits, camps, and programs that highlight human achievements in space.^[2] Key facilities include the Hall of Space Museum, which features flown artifacts such as the Apollo 13 Command Module—the only one on public display worldwide—and the Gemini X spacecraft, alongside Soviet items like a flown Vostok capsule and the RD-107 rocket engine.^[5]^[6] The Carey Digital Dome Theater offers immersive planetarium shows, while the overall collection enables unique side-by-side comparisons of U.S. and Soviet space technologies, underscoring the Cold War space race.^[1] With over 60 years of operation, the Cosmosphere attracts approximately 150,000 visitors annually, serving as a vital resource for space history and education.

History

Founding and early development

The Cosmosphere was founded in 1962 by Patricia "Patty" Carey, a science enthusiast who had moved to Hutchinson, Kansas, in the early 1940s. Carey established the institution as "Hutchinson's Theatre of the Skies," Kansas's first planetarium, housed in a repurposed poultry building on the Kansas State Fairgrounds. Using a donated used Spitz A-1 Stargazer planetarium projector and a makeshift dome, she set up the facility with rented folding chairs to host public star shows and educational presentations aimed at local audiences, particularly school groups. Initially, there were no space artifacts on display, with the focus centered on astronomy education and inspiring interest in the night sky.^[7]^[8] In 1966, the planetarium relocated from the fairgrounds to a dedicated building on the campus of Hutchinson Community College, renamed the Kennedy Library and Planetarium in honor of President John F. Kennedy's support for space exploration. This move provided a more stable and purpose-built space, allowing for expanded programming and community engagement while maintaining its emphasis on astronomy demonstrations. The institution continued to operate primarily as an educational planetarium through the late 1960s, drawing regional visitors but without a significant collection of space hardware.^[4] The early 1970s marked a pivotal shift as the Cosmosphere began acquiring its first space-related artifacts, transitioning from a pure planetarium to a space-focused museum. Staff identified and obtained surplus items from early crewed U.S. space missions through collaborations with institutions like the Smithsonian, including components no longer needed for active programs. This expansion introduced basic exhibits on space history, attracting broader audiences and establishing the Cosmosphere as a regional attraction by the 1980s. In 1980, it moved to its current location on North Plum Street in Hutchinson, enabling further growth in educational outreach and exhibit development.^[1]

Major expansions and renovations

In the mid-1990s, the Cosmosphere underwent a significant expansion, moving to a new 105,000-square-foot facility located at the intersection of 11th and Plum Streets in Hutchinson, Kansas. This relocation and building addition, completed in 1997, tripled the museum's size and allowed for the accommodation of larger exhibits and educational programming, marking a pivotal step in its growth from a modest planetarium to a major space museum.^[4] The institution further solidified its standing in 1998 by becoming one of the inaugural Smithsonian Institution affiliates, a partnership that elevated its profile among global cultural organizations and supported enhanced artifact acquisitions through shared resources and expertise.^[9] Subsequent renovations focused on modernizing visitor experiences. In 2012, the Carey Digital Dome Theater transitioned from IMAX to a 4K digital projection system, part of a broader $300,000 upgrade that included new seating and improved acoustics for immersive film presentations.^[10] The Justice Planetarium received a complete overhaul in 2015, installing the Spitz Sci-Dome XD digital projection system to replace the outdated optical starball, enhancing astronomical simulations with higher resolution and interactivity.^[11] In 2021, renovations began on three longstanding galleries—the German Gallery, Redstone Gallery, and Kennedy Theater—aimed at improving lighting, layout, and chronological storytelling to better engage visitors with early space history.^[12] More recently, from 2024 to 2025, the Cosmosphere completed a multi-phase renovation of its Hall of Space galleries, introducing brighter lighting, open layouts, new interactive elements, and updated exhibits to unify the presentation of space exploration history and prepare for sustained visitor growth.^[13] In a related development, the museum withdrew from plans for a satellite location in Overland Park, Kansas, in 2019, reaffirming its commitment to expanding and enhancing the primary Hutchinson site.^[14]

Facilities

Exhibition halls

The Hall of Space Museum serves as the Cosmosphere's primary exhibition space, housing a vast array of authentic space artifacts that chronologically narrate the history of human space exploration from the origins of rocketry in the 1940s to contemporary missions.^[6] Spanning multiple interconnected galleries within the Cosmosphere's overall 105,000-square-foot facility, this area emphasizes the competitive dynamics of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Space Race while highlighting technological advancements and international collaboration.^[7] Visitors progress through themed sections that build a cohesive timeline, starting with early rocketry influences and evolving toward modern achievements.^[15] The layout begins in the V-2 and X-Plane galleries, which explore the foundational era of missile technology and experimental aircraft post-World War II, including displays of German V-2 rocket components that shaped both American and Soviet programs.^[6] Subsequent areas, such as the Redstone/Sputnik/Kennedy and Kennedy/Khrushchev galleries, delve into the Cold War escalation of the late 1950s and early 1960s, showcasing launch vehicles and early satellites that marked the dawn of the Space Race.^[15] The progression continues through Missile Row and the Rocket Gallery, featuring full-scale engines and boosters like the RD-107 from the Soviet era and the U.S. Redstone, before transitioning to human spaceflight milestones in dedicated sections.^[6] Central to the experience are the Human Spaceflight and Moonshot galleries, which focus on pivotal programs including Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and the Space Shuttle, with authentic hardware such as the Liberty Bell 7 capsule, Gemini X spacecraft, and Apollo 13's Odyssey command module on prominent display.^[15] The narrative culminates in the Legacy Gallery, addressing post-Apollo developments like the Space Shuttle era, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project symbolizing international cooperation, and recent private sector contributions, exemplified by SpaceX's Falcon 9 Merlin engine.^[15] Over 900 artifacts are exhibited here, representing about 7% of the Cosmosphere's total collection of more than 13,000 spaceflight items, with a strong emphasis on flown hardware including engines, capsules, spacesuits, and mission components that provide tangible connections to historical events.^[16]^[1] Completed in September 2025 following renovations initiated in 2020, the galleries now feature widened pathways, brighter azure and white backdrops with enhanced LED lighting for improved visibility and photography, and repositioned artifacts to enhance narrative flow and immersion.^[13] New interactive kiosks, including a Gemini mission simulator, virtual wind tunnel, and haptic rocket ignition displays, have been integrated to augment the static exhibits without overshadowing the historical hardware.^[13] These updates unify the previously phased construction across the Hall of Space, creating a more open and engaging environment that traces the Space Race's evolution from rivalry to global partnership.^[13]

Theaters and interactive exhibits

The Cosmosphere features several immersive theaters and interactive exhibits designed to engage visitors through multimedia presentations and hands-on activities, enhancing understanding of space exploration beyond traditional displays. The Justice Planetarium, the first planetarium in Kansas, seats 107 visitors and offers technically advanced star shows and astronomy simulations, including programs like "Worlds Beyond Earth," narrated by Lupita Nyong’o, which explores the solar system using scientific data, and "Orbital," a journey from the Big Bang to Earth orbit narrated by astronauts.^[17]^[18] In 2015, it underwent a complete renovation, replacing its optical starball with the Spitz Sci-Dome Touch XD digital projection system for higher-resolution visuals.^[11]^[19] Adjacent to the planetarium, the Carey Digital Dome Theater provides a two-story, immersive venue with a 4K digital projection system that surrounds audiences with films on space exploration, such as "Space: The New Frontier" narrated by Chris Pine and documentaries like "T. Rex" featuring Sam Neill.^[20] Originally an IMAX theater, it upgraded to digital projection in 2012 to deliver vivid, full-dome experiences.^[7] These screenings connect briefly to the broader Space Race narrative by depicting key missions and technological advancements.^[20] For participatory engagement, Dr. Goddard's Lab recreates the 1930s workspace of rocketry pioneer Robert Goddard through 45-minute interactive shows with live demonstrations of force, propulsion, and early rocket history, including explosive simulations of 20th-century launches using elements like gunpowder and liquid oxygen.^[21] The experience emphasizes hands-on learning about rocketry fundamentals in a controlled, educational setting.^[22] CosmoKids offers a dedicated STEAM-focused area for children ages 2-12, featuring space-themed play structures such as air rocket launches, gravity experiments, wind tunnels, Mars habitat building, and astronaut role-play to introduce basic science concepts through active exploration.^[23] Adults receive accompanying resources to explain the underlying principles, making it accessible for family visits.^[23]

Collection

United States space artifacts

The Cosmosphere's collection of United States space artifacts represents pivotal achievements in NASA's human spaceflight programs, from early suborbital flights to lunar exploration and reusable spacecraft development, highlighting engineering innovations and mission successes that advanced American space capabilities during the Cold War era.^[1] These items, many on loan from NASA or the Smithsonian Institution, underscore the progression from military-derived rocketry to complex orbital and lunar missions, with the museum serving as a key repository for flown hardware that illustrates the risks and triumphs of the U.S. space program.^[24] Central to the collection is the Apollo 13 Command Module Odyssey, the flown spacecraft from the ill-fated 1970 mission that aborted a lunar landing due to an onboard oxygen tank explosion but safely returned astronauts James Lovell, Fred Haise, and Jack Swigert to Earth after a daring improvisation using the Lunar Module as a lifeboat.^[25] Measuring about 11.4 feet tall and constructed primarily from aluminum alloy with an ablative heat shield, Odyssey endured reentry at over 24,000 miles per hour, showcasing the robustness of Apollo-era design despite the crisis that exposed vulnerabilities in cryogenic systems.^[26] Restored by the Cosmosphere's SpaceWorks team in the 1990s from its post-mission condition of corrosion and debris, it remains on long-term loan from the Smithsonian and stands as a testament to NASA's problem-solving resilience during the Apollo program.^[27] Early U.S. human spaceflight is exemplified by the Mercury-Redstone capsules, particularly the recovered Liberty Bell 7, which carried astronaut Virgil "Gus" Grissom on a 15-minute suborbital flight on July 21, 1961, marking the second American in space and demonstrating the Mercury program's foundational role in addressing weightlessness and reentry challenges.^[28] The capsule, named for its resemblance to the Liberty Bell with a crack painted on its side, sank in the Atlantic Ocean after its hatch prematurely blew open during splashdown, but was salvaged in 1999 from 16,000 feet of water through an expedition funded by the Discovery Channel and restored over three years to remove marine growth and corrosion.^[29] Now a centerpiece exhibit, Liberty Bell 7 highlights the Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle's adaptation from the Army's Redstone ballistic missile, producing 78,000 pounds of thrust to propel the 4,000-pound capsule to an altitude of 118 miles.^[30] Advancing to orbital missions, the Gemini 10 spacecraft, flown July 18–21, 1966, by astronauts John Young and Michael Collins, achieved key milestones in rendezvous and extravehicular activity (EVA) techniques essential for Apollo, including docking with an Agena target vehicle and a tethered experiment that demonstrated artificial gravity.^[15] This two-seat capsule, built by McDonnell Aircraft with a titanium heat shield and measuring 18.5 feet long, completed 70 orbits while Collins performed a 49-minute EVA to retrieve experiments from another Agena, advancing U.S. proficiency in space maneuvering ahead of lunar operations.^[31] Accompanying the spacecraft are the mission's flown spacesuits, G5C models with enhanced mobility for EVAs, which were worn during the flight's dual rendezvous—docking with one Agena and approaching Gemini 8's discarded target—emphasizing Gemini's role in bridging Mercury's suborbital tests and Apollo's complexity.^[32] Space Shuttle program artifacts at the Cosmosphere include components from the reusable orbiter system, such as segments of solid rocket boosters (SRBs) that provided initial thrust of 3.3 million pounds each during launches, thermal protection tiles that withstood reentry temperatures up to 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit, and a full-scale model of the Enterprise, NASA's 1977 approach-and-landing test vehicle used to validate shuttle aerodynamics without engines or heat shields.^[6] These items illustrate the Shuttle's innovation in cost-effective access to space, with the SRBs—made of composite materials and recoverable via parachutes—enabling 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, while the silica tiles, numbering over 20,000 per orbiter, protected the aluminum airframe during hypersonic descent.^[33] The Enterprise model, suspended in the gallery, replicates the 122-foot-long glider that flew 13 captive and free flights from Edwards Air Force Base, proving the delta-wing design's stability for horizontal landings.^[16] A rare highlight is the Apollo 11 Moon rock sample, a 0.05-gram fragment of lunar basalt (sample 10020.57) collected by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin during their July 20, 1969, extravehicular activity on the Sea of Tranquility, representing a rare publicly displayed specimen from the first lunar landing.^[34] Encased under vacuum to preserve its 3.6-billion-year-old composition of plagioclase and pyroxene, the sample was part of the 842 pounds returned by Apollo 11 and loaned to the Cosmosphere in 2000, offering visitors a tangible link to the first lunar landing achieved via the Saturn V rocket's 7.5 million pounds of liftoff thrust.^[35] The collection's early rocketry components trace U.S. space origins to military programs, including the Atlas Booster Engine (YLR89-NA-7), a Rocketdyne unit with twin thrust chambers delivering 367,000 pounds of force using RP-1 fuel and liquid oxygen, which powered the first stage of Mercury-Atlas launchers for orbital flights like John Glenn's in 1962.^[15] Complementing this are Redstone missile elements, such as the NAA75-110 engine adapted from the Jupiter-C sounding rocket, generating 75,000 pounds of thrust with alcohol and liquid oxygen to loft Mercury suborbital capsules, and structural components from the Redstone airframe that formed the backbone of America's initial crewed space efforts derived from Army ballistic missile technology.^[6] These artifacts collectively demonstrate the evolution from Cold War weaponry to peaceful exploration, with the Redstone's reliable performance enabling the U.S. to catch up in the Space Race after early Soviet leads.^[36]

Soviet and Russian space artifacts

The Cosmosphere houses the largest collection of Soviet and Russian space artifacts outside Moscow, encompassing over 3,000 items that chronicle the pioneering efforts of the Soviet space program from the Space Race era through post-Cold War collaborations.^[1] These artifacts emphasize cosmonaut achievements, such as the first human in space and the first woman in orbit, while showcasing engineering innovations like reliable spacecraft designs and life-support systems that enabled long-duration missions.^[6] Acquired primarily during Russia's economic transitions in the 1990s, the collection provides a counterpoint to American space efforts, highlighting the USSR's focus on modular stations and automated systems.^[1] Early Soviet satellite hardware forms a cornerstone of the collection, including a flight-ready backup of Sputnik 1, the 83.6-kilogram sphere launched on October 4, 1957, which beeped radio signals for 22 days and ignited the global space race by demonstrating orbital technology.^[6] Complementing this are Luna probe artifacts, such as the Luna sphere—a polished aluminum orb from the Luna 2 mission that impacted the Moon on September 14, 1959, as the first human-made object to reach another celestial body—and components from subsequent sample-return missions like Luna 16, which brought back 101 grams of lunar soil in 1970.^[6] These items underscore the USSR's rapid advancements in rocketry under Chief Designer Sergei Korolev, with the RD-107 engine on display representing the booster power that propelled Sputnik and early Luna flights, a design still in use for Soyuz launches today.^[15] A highlight is a replica of the Vostok 6 capsule and flown components evoking Valentina Tereshkova's historic 1963 flight, during which she orbited Earth 48 times over nearly three days, becoming the first woman in space and logging more time aloft than all prior U.S. astronauts combined. The charred descent module, recovered after reentry at over 27,000 km/h, exemplifies the Vostok program's simplicity and resilience, building on Yuri Gagarin's 1961 Vostok 1 mission; the Cosmosphere also displays a flown Vostok capsule from the 1980s Kosmos series, restored to evoke these early manned feats.^[15] Associated hardware includes the VZA ejection seat and SK suit engineering model used in Vostok 1-6 preparations, illustrating the program's offset pilot seating to accommodate the ejection system.^[37] The Soyuz spacecraft series is represented through multiple models, including examples of descent modules from missions that docked with Mir and carried international crew members, demonstrating the vehicle's evolution into a versatile ferry for station operations.^[6] Engineering mockups of Soyuz orbital and descent sections highlight its three-module design—orbital habitation, reentry capsule, and service propulsion—optimized for crew safety during launch, orbit, and landing, with over 1,900 Soyuz flights since 1967 affirming its reliability.^[38] Soviet and Russian spacesuits form the museum's most extensive category outside Russia, featuring Orlan extravehicular mobility units for spacewalks, such as those used on Mir and the International Space Station (ISS), with backpack life-support systems enabling up to eight-hour EVAs at pressures of 0.4 atmospheres.^[39] The collection also includes Sokol launch-and-entry suits, like a 1991 prototype worn by Britain's first cosmonaut Helen Sharman on Soyuz TM-12, designed for rapid donning in under 30 seconds to protect against cabin depressurization via partial-pressure helmets and G-suits.^[40] Supporting gear, such as the Chibis lower-body negative-pressure device, simulates gravity for cosmonauts returning from long missions, with vacuum chambers applying suction to aid fluid redistribution.^[37] Mir Space Station artifacts capture the era of extended human presence in orbit from 1986 to 2001, including the docking compartment and research equipment deployed between 1995 and 1998, which facilitated U.S. shuttle dockings and experiments in microgravity biology and materials science.^[6] The genuine Volga airlock, integral to Mir's EVA operations, allowed cosmonauts to exit for repairs and satellite deployments, supporting over 7,000 days of continuous habitation.^[15] Everyday items like the Mir shower, using airflow to simulate water flow without free-floating droplets, reveal adaptations for zero-gravity hygiene during missions lasting up to a year.^[37] Post-Cold War items extend to the Buran shuttle program, with a model of the orbiter that completed an uncrewed automated flight in 1988, mirroring U.S. Shuttle capabilities but launched atop the Energia rocket for 25 tons to low Earth orbit.^[6] Russian contributions to the ISS are evident in flown Orlan suits and Soyuz docking hardware, underscoring ongoing roles in assembly, resupply, and crew transport since Zvezda's 2000 launch, which provided the station's initial living quarters and propulsion.^[39]

Other international artifacts

The Cosmosphere houses a notable collection of German rocketry artifacts from World War II, emphasizing the technological foundations of space exploration developed at the Peenemünde Army Research Center. A centerpiece is a full-scale A-4/V-2 missile, the world's first large-scale liquid-propellant rocket and long-range guided ballistic missile, engineered under Wernher von Braun's leadership.^[41] This artifact, restored by the museum's SpaceWorks team, exemplifies the transition from military weaponry to postwar space programs, as many Peenemünde engineers, including von Braun, contributed to subsequent rocketry advancements.^[42] Complementing the V-2 is a rare, genuine V-1 pulsejet-powered flying bomb, another product of Nazi Germany's advanced propulsion research, displayed alongside to illustrate early aerodynamic innovations.^[6] The exhibit also features a preserved V-2 rocket engine, showcasing the alcohol-fueled turbopump and combustion chamber design that powered the missile to suborbital altitudes exceeding 50 miles.^[43] Technical diagrams, including cutaway blueprints of the V-2's structure and guidance systems, provide detailed insights into the engineering from von Braun's team at Peenemünde.^[44] These artifacts are presented in the dedicated German Gallery (also known as the V-2 Gallery), which traces the origins of rocketry from wartime experiments to the dawn of the space age. The V-2 on display bears the distinctive black-and-white checkered paint scheme used during initial test flights at Peenemünde in 1942–1943 for visibility and tracking.^[45] In 2021, the gallery underwent a major renovation as part of a broader museum update, incorporating updated exhibits and graphics to enhance visitor understanding of German contributions to global space history; the renovations were completed in September 2025, featuring brighter spaces and more interactive elements.^[12]^[15]^[46]

Restoration and Conservation

SpaceWorks operations

SpaceWorks, the Cosmosphere's in-house restoration and conservation division, was established in 1979 to focus on preserving and replicating historic space hardware, beginning with projects like the restoration of Gemini spacecraft No. 2.^[47] This department emerged from the Cosmosphere's growing expertise in handling space artifacts acquired in the 1970s, enabling the institution to maintain its collection while supporting external preservation efforts.^[1] The team comprises conservators, aerospace engineers, technicians, and researchers who conduct extensive archival investigations, including analysis of original blueprints and historical documentation, to guide their work.^[48]^[49] This multidisciplinary approach ensures restorations align with both technical accuracy and historical context, often involving collaboration with external experts such as maritime archaeologists for recovered items. Operations are based in a dedicated 20,000-square-foot workshop facility, which includes climate-controlled storage for artifacts undergoing restoration as part of the museum's broader collection of over 13,000 space artifacts.^[50]^[7] The space supports specialized tasks like disassembly, fabrication, and reassembly, with equipment for metalworking, welding, machining, and mold making.^[51] Restoration protocols emphasize non-invasive techniques, such as gentle cleaning methods and material composition analysis using archaeological and scientific approaches, to avoid altering original components.^[48] Ethical replication is a core practice, producing high-fidelity copies that adhere to standards approved by institutions like the National Air and Space Museum, thereby preserving artifact authenticity while allowing originals to remain protected.^[52]^[53] SpaceWorks frequently collaborates with NASA on verification and major projects, including the restoration of Apollo-era mission control consoles to operational condition.^[54]^[55] For Soviet and Russian artifacts, the team applies similar rigorous methods informed by international historical research, ensuring compatibility with global preservation standards.^[1]

Notable restoration projects

One of the Cosmosphere's most prominent restoration efforts involved the Apollo 13 command module, Odyssey, which was loaned to the museum by NASA in the mid-1990s following its post-mission storage. SpaceWorks technicians undertook a comprehensive two-year restoration from 1995 to 1997, meticulously reassembling and conserving the spacecraft to reflect its condition after the 1970 mission's safe return, including removal of debris and preservation of original components.^[25] This project transformed Odyssey into one of the most complete surviving Apollo command modules on public display, highlighting the challenges of cryogenic damage and structural integrity from the aborted lunar landing.^[56] In 1999, the Cosmosphere led the recovery and restoration of the Mercury-Redstone 4 spacecraft, Liberty Bell 7, which had sunk into the Atlantic Ocean after Gus Grissom's 1961 suborbital flight. An expedition funded by the Discovery Channel retrieved the capsule from over 16,000 feet underwater on July 20, 1999, after which SpaceWorks conducted a six-month public restoration process starting in September, addressing severe corrosion, saltwater infiltration, and component disassembly.^[57]^[58] The fully conserved capsule has been on exhibit at the Cosmosphere since 2000, serving as a key artifact illustrating early U.S. spaceflight risks and engineering triumphs.^[30] SpaceWorks has also produced highly accurate full-scale replicas of Soviet spacecraft, including the Vostok 1 capsule and Soyuz models, utilizing declassified technical documents from the Cold War era to ensure historical fidelity for educational purposes. These replicas enable direct comparisons with U.S. artifacts in the museum's galleries, enhancing public understanding of the space race without relying on scarce original Soviet hardware.^[1] Such projects underscore the Cosmosphere's role in bridging gaps in international space history through precise replication techniques.^[53] The department's expertise extended to media productions, where SpaceWorks fabricated approximately 80% of the spacecraft props and artifacts for the 1995 film Apollo 13, including command module interiors and lunar module components that required engineering accuracy for filming authenticity.^[59] Additionally, the team contributed replicated hardware, such as Gemini and Apollo suits, for the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon, supporting its depiction of NASA missions across multiple episodes.^[60] From 2021 to 2025, amid major gallery renovations at the Cosmosphere, SpaceWorks focused on conserving Shuttle-era artifacts and components of the full-scale Mir space station replica, ensuring their preservation during the multi-year exhibit updates that modernized displays while maintaining artifact integrity.^[15] The renovations, including SpaceWorks' conservation efforts, were completed in September 2025, involving environmental controls and minor repairs to withstand increased public interaction in the revamped halls.^[51]^[13]

Educational Programs

Camps and workshops

The Cosmosphere has offered summer camps since 1985, providing structured STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) experiences for youth in grades K-12.^[61] These age-specific programs include day camps for grades 3-7, such as Solar System exploration for grades 3-4 and Alien Adventure for grades 5-6, and overnight camps for grades 7-12, like Mars Academy for grades 7-8 and Mission Martian Base for grades 10-12.^[62] Themes emphasize rocketry, astrophysics, lunar and Mars missions, robotics, and coding, with hands-on activities that build skills in communication, teamwork, and problem-solving.^[62] Workshops at the Cosmosphere feature interactive, hands-on sessions in Dr. Goddard's Lab, a recreated 1930s environment dedicated to rocketry pioneer Robert H. Goddard. Participants engage in practical STEAM activities, such as model rocket building, mission simulations, and live demonstrations of propulsion and force, often incorporating authentic space artifacts to enhance learning.^[21] These sessions integrate directly with camp programs, allowing campers to apply concepts through explosive experiments and historical reenactments.^[63] To ensure accessibility, the Cosmosphere provides scholarships through partnerships, including a long-standing collaboration with RCB Bank that awards 10 spots annually—five for Kansas students and five for Oklahoma students—for full camp experiences based on financial need.^[64] Additional need-based scholarships are available via the camp portal, supporting diverse participation.^[65] The programs attract over 900 participants each year, with 942 campers hosted in 2023 alone, fostering STEAM education by leveraging the museum's collection of space artifacts for immersive, real-world context.^[66] This integration helps participants connect theoretical concepts, like orbital mechanics or planetary geology, to tangible historical items from U.S. and Soviet missions.^[62] For 2025, the Cosmosphere introduced the "Art of Science" camp for high school students, blending creative pursuits such as drawing, embroidery, painting, photography, and 3D printing with space themes, guided by a retired astronaut.^[67] Updates include extending Solar System and Lunar Base camps to full-day formats and expanding astronaut interaction sessions to over 10 opportunities, alongside a new travel experience to Space Center Houston.^[67]

Outreach and partnerships

The Cosmosphere offers customized field trips designed for K-12 schools, emphasizing STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) education through standards-aligned, career-focused packages that include guided tours of the Hall of Space Museum, access to Dr. Goddard's Rocket Lab for hands-on experiments, and optional interactive shows in the Carey Digital Dome Theater or Justice Planetarium.^[68] These programs accommodate flexible scheduling, such as full-day visits with lunch breaks or shorter sessions focused on presentations and activities, and provide free supplementary resources via the LaunchWonder platform to extend learning into classrooms.^[68] In 2023, these field trips served 17,200 students, contributing to the Cosmosphere's annual education outreach that reaches thousands more through similar initiatives.^[66] As a Smithsonian Affiliate since 1998, the Cosmosphere collaborates on artifact loans and shared educational resources, such as the long-term display of the Smithsonian's Explorer 1 satellite model, enhancing its programs with authoritative space history content.^[7]^[9] The institution maintains key partnerships to broaden its educational impact, including a NASA grant awarded for developing a traveling, interactive exhibit program that brings space exploration experiences to underserved communities nationwide.^[69] Locally, it partners with the Dane G. Hansen Foundation, which funds annual STEAM outreach visits to schools in 24 northwest Kansas counties, delivering 45-minute presentations and hands-on activities to promote equitable access to space education.^[70] Additional collaborations include a joint STEAM Academy with Ad Astra Academies and Hutchinson USD 313, offering high school students immersive labs and engineering simulations, as well as alliances with Kansas State University Salina for aerospace research workshops and the Greater Wichita YMCA for community space-themed projects.^[71]^[72]^[73] The Cosmosphere engages communities through free public events, such as the "Coffee at the Cosmo" lecture series held every third Thursday, where experts discuss STEM and space topics over complimentary refreshments, fostering ongoing dialogue and inspiration for attendees of all ages.^[74] Many special events, including family STEAM nights and holiday shows, are offered at no cost or reduced rates for members, with virtual options expanding accessibility.^[75] Since around 2020, the institution has provided free online access to its Virtual Collection through LaunchWonder, featuring high-resolution images, transcripts, and details of rare space artifacts not on public display, enabling global virtual exploration and classroom integration.^[76]^[77] In 2025, following the completion of major renovations to its Hall of Space Museum galleries in September—which introduced brighter, more interactive displays and enhanced artifact presentation—the Cosmosphere expanded its student-focused events and digital outreach.^[13] New opportunities include updated hours for easier school access, specialized student programming tied to the refreshed exhibits, and bolstered virtual resources like live-streamed demonstrations to support remote learning post-renovation.^[78]^[79] In November 2025, the Cosmosphere hosted the Mark Cuban Foundation AI Bootcamp, a free three-session program for high school students (grades 9-12) introducing artificial intelligence concepts, in partnership with the foundation.^[78] These enhancements aim to scale external initiatives, building on partnerships to serve even more students through hybrid in-person and online formats.^[7]

Controversies

Artifact theft and audit issues

In 2003, a routine internal audit at the Cosmosphere revealed over 100 missing or unaccounted-for artifacts, including astronaut helmets, gloves, tools, and other equipment from the U.S. space program.^[80] The audit initially identified 26 items loaned from NASA as missing, but further investigation uncovered hundreds more from the museum's collection that had been removed without authorization.^[81] This prompted a federal probe by the FBI and NASA's Office of Inspector General, which traced sales of the items at auctions and linked them to former president and CEO Max Ary, who had led the institution from 1976 to 2002.^[82] The investigation culminated in Ary's April 2005 indictment on 11 federal counts, later expanded to 19, including mail and wire fraud, theft of government property, interstate transportation of stolen property, and money laundering for falsifying records to conceal the removals.^[81] In November 2005, a federal jury convicted him on 12 counts, determining he had stolen and sold artifacts valued at over $100,000, including NASA-loaned pieces like an Apollo 15 data tape and flown hardware.^[83] On May 16, 2006, U.S. District Judge Thomas Marten sentenced Ary to three years in federal prison, three years of supervised release, and restitution exceeding $132,000 to the Cosmosphere and NASA.^[84] In response, the institution implemented enhanced inventory tracking systems and protocols post-2006 to prevent future discrepancies.^[85] Ary was released early for good behavior in June 2010 after serving about two years at the Federal Correctional Institution in El Reno, Oklahoma.^[86] Through the investigation, auctions, and restitution, most stolen items were recovered, with SpaceWorks assisting in their restoration where needed, ultimately bolstering the museum's conservation practices. The episode led to strengthened ethics policies, and no comparable incidents have occurred since.^[82]

References

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World-Class Collection - Cosmosphere
In the early 70s, the Cosmosphere team began working to identify items from the early crewed space missions that were no longer in use and considered excess ...
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About the Cosmosphere - Cosmosphere
### Summary of Cosmosphere (https://cosmo.org/about-the-cosmosphere)
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Jun 9, 2021 · Patty Carey, born in 1921, founded the Cosmosphere in 1962, which grew from a planetarium to a large science museum.
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The Cosmosphere from 1962 to present - The Hutchinson News
Jul 14, 2022 · In 1962, Cosmosphere founder Patty Carey set up a used Planetarium Projector in the poultry building of the Kansas State Fairgrounds.
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Hall of Space Museum - Cosmosphere
### Hall of Space Museum Summary
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Hall of Space Museum - Cosmosphere
Significant artifacts. FLOWN • SR-71 Blackbird Spy Plane • Northrop T-38 Talon. REPLICA • Full-scale replica of the space shuttle, Endeavour. V-2 Gallery.Missing: notable | Show results with:notable
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About the Cosmosphere
The Cosmosphere, founded by Patty Carey, began as a planetarium in 1962, expanded to a museum in 1980, and is a Smithsonian affiliate. Its mission is to ...Staff · Governing Board · Foundation Board
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A Starry Past, A Bright Future Cosmosphere and Kansas State Fair
Cosmosphere began 61 years ago in the poultry building, founded by Patty Carey in 1962, and moved to its current location in 1980.
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Happy anniversary to Smithsonian Affiliations! For 28 years ...
Sep 15, 2024 · The Cosmosphere has been a proud Smithsonian Affiliate since 1998. Image: This model of Explorer 1 is on loan to the Cosmosphere from the ...
[10]
Cosmosphere theater makes switch to digital | News, Sports, Jobs
The projection upgrade is part of a nearly $300,000 renovation at the Carey Digital Dome Theater that includes 114 new chairs, new carpeting and ...
[11]
Planetarium will close for renovation - The Hutchinson News
Jan 30, 2015 · The planetarium's current optical starball will be replaced by the Spitz Sci-Dome XC digital projection system. The old system used the full ...
[12]
Photo Gallery: Cosmosphere renovations on three galleries underway
Aug 24, 2021 · Renovations began in three galleries at the Cosmosphere including the Redstone Rocket, on Monday, August 23, 2021. Sandra J. Milburn/The ...
[13]
Renovations complete, Cosmosphere offers bright look at space race
Sep 26, 2025 · The renovation unified the look of the Hall of Space, which was opened in phases, spanning the Cosmosphere's 60-year history. Prior to the ...Missing: expansions | Show results with:expansions
[14]
Cosmosphere Satellite Withdrawn From Overland Park Development
After careful evaluation, the Cosmosphere is no longer considering a satellite location at Bluhawk in Overland Park, KS.Missing: 2024 | Show results with:2024
[15]
Renovated Gallery Guide - Cosmosphere
Use this renovated gallery guide to help identify significant artifacts on display in the newly renovated galleries until they are complete.Missing: notable | Show results with:notable
[16]
Space Artifact of the Month - Cosmosphere
The Cosmosphere's Space Artifact of the Month includes a Nikon F4 camera, a Microgravity Vestibular Investigation Helmet, and a Rendezvous Window Shade.Missing: notable | Show results with:notable
[17]
Justice Planetarium - Cosmosphere
Cosmosphere began as the first planetarium in Kansas and today, it offers one of the most technically advanced planetariums in the region.Missing: renovation 2015
[18]
Cosmosphere - Worldwide Planetariums Database
Dec 30, 2024 · Technical Digital system SPITZ : SciDome Touch XD Software: Starry Night Video system 1 vp : Fisheye Meridian resolution 2.5 K Facilities
[19]
Kansas Cosmosphere opens renovated planetarium - KSNT
Apr 13, 2015 · HUTCHINSON, Kan. (AP) – A renovated planetarium at the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center is officially open for business.
[20]
Carey Digital Dome Theater - Cosmosphere
A two-story Dome with an amazing 4K digital projection system creates a vivid theater experience that surrounds you, and can even make you feel like you're ...Missing: 2015 XD<|control11|><|separator|>
[21]
Dr. Goddard's Rocket Lab Experience - Cosmosphere
This interactive show— packed with some explosive surprises— uses live demonstrations to take visitors on a journey through the history of rockets ...
[22]
Dr. Goddard's Rocket Lab Experience - Cosmosphere
Join us in Dr. Goddard's 1930s lab for an interactive show featuring live demonstrations that trace the history of rockets.
[23]
CosmoKids - Cosmosphere
This interactive STEAM area gives kids a chance to learn through play AND we give adults the resources they need to explain the science behind the fun.
[24]
Cosmosphere International SciEd Center & Space Museum
The Cosmosphere International SciEd Center & Space Museum is a Smithsonian Affiliate with a collection of US space artifacts second only to the Smithsonian's.
[25]
Restoration: The Apollo 13 Command Module, Odyssey
Images from 1995 to 1997 depicting the restoration of the Apollo 13 Command Module, Odyssey. Restoration took place in the Cosmosphere's Hall of Space Museum.
[26]
Command Module, Apollo 13 | National Air and Space Museum
"Odyssey" was powered down and the three men moved into the two-man lunar module, "Aquarius". There they conserved food and fuel during the trip around the moon ...
[27]
Cosmosphere Celebrates 45th Anniversary of Apollo 13 at Annual ...
The facility serves as home for flown command module, Odyssey, which resides in the Hall of Space Museum.Missing: details | Show results with:details
[28]
Liberty Bell 7: The Peril and Promise of Space Exploration
The Cosmosphere began its efforts to recover Liberty Bell 7 in 1978 when looking for a Mercury spacecraft for the Cosmosphere's Hall of Space Museum. The ...Missing: timeline | Show results with:timeline
[29]
Liberty Bell 7 Spacecraft to Splashdown at Cosmosphere
Liberty Bell 7 is set to splashdown at the Cosmosphere, following nearly six years of being on exhibit throughout the world.Missing: 10 Moon rock 11 Atlas Booster Redstone
[30]
Happy 59th Anniversary, Liberty Bell 7 - Cosmosphere
On July 21, 1961, with a 15-minute suborbital flight of the Mercury spacecraft Liberty Bell 7, Gus Grissom became the second American in space.
[31]
Gemini 10 - heroicrelics.org
Gemini 10's crew consisted of John Young (making his second space flight) and Michael Collins (the rookie). The mission featured not one, but two rendezvous: ...Missing: spacecraft | Show results with:spacecraft
[32]
I'll Miss You, Neighbor - Cosmosphere
Among the Cosmosphere's impressive collection of space artifacts are the Gemini 10 capsule and the Apollo 13 command module. I want visitors to know that ...
[33]
Cosmosphere to get shuttle artifacts, not shuttle | The Victoria ...
HUTCHINSON, Kan. (AP) – The Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center isn't among the 21 museums that have expressed interest in getting one of the two space ...
[34]
See a moon rock at the Cosmosphere on ... - The Hutchinson News
Jul 18, 2024 · One of the prized artifacts at the Cosmophere, a moon rock, came to Earth 55 years ago on the Apollo 11 mission, the first to land a human ...
[35]
Cosmosphere Set To Celebrate Lunar Anniversary This Summer
Summer Hours. Beginning May 24 and continuing until Aug. 4, the Cosmosphere will offer extended summer hours. The summer hours are: Mon. – Sat.: 9 a.m. – 7 ...
[36]
Space Race - heroicrelics.org
A-7 Redstone missile engine at the Kansas Cosmosphere · A-7 Redstone missile ... LR-89 (Atlas booster) engine at the Kansas Cosmosphere · LR-105 (Atlas ...
[37]
See Fascinating Relics From the Secret Soviet Space Program
Aug 27, 2015 · Noteworthy artifacts include the 1955 engineering model for a dog ejector seat and suit, and the Vostok-6 descent module used by Tereshkova, ...
[38]
Spacecraft, Soyuz - Artifact Display - LaunchNext
An engineering mockup of the orbital section of a Soyuz spacecraft. The green cover was a thermal blanket that provided protection from the harsh ...
[39]
Orlan: the Soviet EVA suit - YouTube
Sep 24, 2021 · ... Orlan spacesuit. Here, Cosmosphere curator Shannon Whetzel demonstrates an Orlan spacesuit. For more educational content, check out http ...
[40]
Cosmosphere Loans Soviet-Era Artifacts - Space Foundation
May 3, 2012 · It is one of only three museums to display flown spacecraft from Mercury, Gemini and Apollo missions, and it has the second-largest ...
[41]
V-2 Missile | National Air and Space Museum
Nov 6, 2023 · The German V-2 rocket was the world's first large-scale liquid-propellant rocket vehicle, the first long-range ballistic missile, and the ancestor of today's ...
[42]
Cosmosphere V2 Rocket Display - Hutchinson, Kansas
These photos show the rocket before, during, and after restoration at the Cosmosphere in Hutchinson, KS. Housing the largest space artifact collection ...
[43]
V-2 Rocket Engine - YouTube
Aug 16, 2021 · Cosmosphere's CEO and Chief Historian introduces the engine of the V-2 that is part of Cosmosphere's collection.
[44]
The German V-2 Rocket Diagram - Kansas Cosmosphere - Flickr
The German V-2 Rocket Diagram. Kansas Cosmosphere. It was known by the war-torn people of London and Antwerp as "Phantom Thunder.
[45]
Peenemünde Gallery | Kansas Cosmosphere Prior to World War I…
Sep 29, 2018 · The actual V-2 on display in this gallery is painted in the black and white pattern used tor the early test flight program at Peenemünde. The ...Missing: artifacts | Show results with:artifacts
[46]
Ad Astra Per Aspera - A Review of the Cosmosphere in Hutchinson ...
Aug 25, 2023 · They moved into their own permanent building in 1966 and received their first major artifact from the Smithsonian - the Apollo-Soyuz Test ...
[47]
[PDF] One small step for man, one giant leap for conservation
The key steps to its success include the collaborative structure of the project, bridging the world of conservation, aerospace engineering, fabrication, ...
[48]
http://resources.culturalheritage.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2015/05/osg022-09.pdf
[49]
Freed from the Ocean Floor, Restoration of NASA's F-1 Engines Is ...
Cosmosphere's SpaceWorks' 20,000-square-foot facility is no stranger to restoring space age artifacts. Its done more than 100 major conservation, restoration, ...
[50]
Cosmosphere - Wikipedia
Cosmosphere is an international science education center and space museum in Hutchinson, Kansas, United States, located on the northeast corner of Plum ...
[51]
SpaceWorks - Cosmosphere
Oct 8, 2018 · SpaceWorks has been a proud partner in global projects. Learn More · Smithsonian Affiliate · American Alliance of Museums · Association of ...
[52]
Restored Apollo test capsule ready for its next mission - NBC News
Mar 9, 2012 · BP-19A's restoration took SpaceWorks about eight weeks to complete, adhering to the techniques approved by the National Air and Space Museum.
[53]
Restoration and Replication - Cosmosphere
Recent notable projects include the 2019 restoration of original consoles from the historic Mission Operations Control Room at NASA's Johnson Space Center and ...Missing: expansions history
[54]
Cosmosphere Team Restoring Historic Apollo Mission Control ...
Jun 27, 2018 · Graber and his team are restoring and preserving nearly two dozen mission control consoles from the Johnson Space Center in Houston. NASA flight ...
[55]
Blast From the Past - Cosmosphere
They built high fidelity replicas used in the Tom Hanks movie Apollo 13. They restored Liberty Bell 7, the capsule that sat at the bottom of the ocean for 38 ...
[56]
Apollo 13 Command Module 'Odyssey' Interior - Flickr
In December 1997, Odyssey's restoration was formally concluded. The spacecraft is now one of the most complete flown Apollo spacecrafts in existence. Its ...
[57]
Liberty Bell 7 Restoration - Cosmosphere
On July 20, 1999, nearly 38 years after it was lost to the depths of the Atlantic Ocean, Liberty Bell 7 was resurrected from its watery grave.
[58]
https://www.collectspace.com/news/news-092399a.html
[59]
Replication: “Apollo 13” Movie Props - Cosmosphere
SpaceWorks created 80% of the props from the movie!
[60]
Cosmosphere Premieres New Documentary: Journey to Space
Since 1997, Giant Screen Films (GSF) has established itself as a pioneer in ... The SpaceWorks division has an international reputation for historic ...
[61]
About Camp - CosmoCamps
Since 1985, Cosmosphere Camps have given campers from across the Nation experiences unavailable anywhere else while developing skills they will use the rest ...
[62]
Cosmosphere Camps
Cosmosphere Camps offer STEAM learning, from solar systems to Mars, and develop skills in communication, teamwork, and problem-solving.Missing: workshops | Show results with:workshops
[63]
Cosmosphere Education
Family STEAM Event. An engaging family event includes our traveling live science show, Dr. Goddard's Rocket Lab, liquid nitrogen ice cream making, ...Missing: workshops | Show results with:workshops
[64]
RCB Bank To Provide Ten Cosmosphere Camp Scholarships
Jan 9, 2019 · Five students from Kansas and five students from Oklahoma will be awarded a camp scholarship from RCB Bank and will be eligible to choose to ...
[65]
Scholarships - Cosmosphere
Begin by choosing the dates and session of camp a student wants to attend. If you have questions, please contact our scholarship coordinator at 620.665.9326.Missing: RCB Bank
[66]
2023 Cosmosphere Annual Report by howertonwhite - Issuu
Fred Haise, Apollo 13 Astronaut In 2023, Cosmosphere Camps hosted 942 campers and awarded 94 scholarships. ... OMEGA Ltd. RCB Bank. $5,000 ...<|separator|>
[67]
What's new in 2025 Cosmosphere Camps?
We provide airport shuttle service to and from Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport for campers for only $60 one-way. Ask us how at camp@cosmo.org. ...Missing: Mir conservation 2021-2025
[68]
Field Trips - Cosmosphere
Includes a visit to the Hall of Space Museum (self-guided tour guide available), one show in the Justice Planetarium, one show in Dr. Goddard's Lab, and an ...Missing: workshops | Show results with:workshops<|separator|>
[69]
Cosmosphere To Receive NASA Funding!
NASA has selected the Cosmosphere to receive a grant for a new traveling, interactive, educational program!Missing: collaboration Roscosmos
[70]
Outreach - Cosmosphere
Outreach Includes STEAM educational activities ranging from grades K-12. Each subject consists of a 45-minute presentation and 45-minute hands-on activity.Missing: NASA | Show results with:NASA
[71]
Cosmosphere and Ad Astra Academies, USD 313 Launch ...
Cosmosphere and Ad Astra Academies, USD 313 Launch Innovative STEAM Academy Partnership for Kansas High School Students · Immersive labs, engineering simulations ...
[72]
K-State Salina and Cosmosphere team up to enhance aerospace ...
Apr 4, 2025 · The partnership aims to elevate aerospace education and research, develop innovative solutions, and create new programs, workshops, and ...Missing: local | Show results with:local
[73]
Greater Wichita YMCA, Cosmosphere Announce Space-Themed ...
The Greater Wichita YMCA and Cosmosphere are proud to announce the launch of a joint project to bring a space-themed climbing structure to ...Missing: alliances | Show results with:alliances
[74]
Events at the Cosmosphere
For show times or to purchase your tickets in advance, call the Cosmosphere's Box Office at: 620.665.9312 or online. Museum Store Sunday. On Sunday, Dec. 1 ...Missing: evening | Show results with:evening
[75]
Upcoming Events - Cosmosphere
Polar Express is back for the Holidays! Bring your holiday cheer to the Cosmosphere for the Polar Express in our Carey Digital Dome Theater!
[76]
Virtual Collection - Cosmosphere
Included in LaunchWonder is free access to the Cosmosphere's Virtual Collection—including artifacts that aren't on exhibit. Explore the transcripts and ...Missing: community lectures
[77]
Cosmosphere Virtual Collections Tour for Kansas ... - YouTube
Nov 5, 2020 · Behind the scenes virtual tour of the Cosmosphere's Collections Department for the Kansas Museums Association 2020 Annual Conference.Missing: SpaceWorks storage 13000 items
[78]
Cosmosphere unveils new hours and education opportunities
Aug 26, 2025 · The event includes breakfast, lunch, breakout sessions on robotics, and a keynote by Cosmosphere CEO Jim Remar.
[79]
The renovated galleries in the Hall of Space are open for walk ...
Jan 16, 2024 · The renovated galleries in the Hall of Space are open for walk-through. Exhibits and graphics won't be completed until Spring 2025. ... UPDATE DEC ...Missing: expansions history
[80]
Artifacts missing at space museum - NBC News
Nov 7, 2003 · The Cosmosphere has sold artifacts in the past, including close to five dozen pieces in 1999 and 2000, which brought in $241,000. Ollenburger ...
[81]
Former Kansas Cosmosphere Director Indicted on Charges of ...
Apr 8, 2005 · Other items are missing and unaccounted for. If convicted, Ary faces a maximum penalty of up to five years in federal prison and a $250,000 fine ...
[82]
Full Coverage: Former museum director Max Ary indicted for selling ...
Max Ary, the former director of the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center has been indicted on charges of stealing artifacts from the space flight museum in ...
[83]
Former space museum chief convicted of theft - NBC News
Nov 2, 2005 · Max Ary, former president and chief executive of the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center in Hutchinson, was convicted on 12 federal counts, including theft and ...Missing: 2003 | Show results with:2003
[84]
Former space museum head sent to prison - collectSPACE.com
May 16, 2006 · Thomas Marten ordered Max Ary, former Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center founder and president, to prison for three years for stealing and ...
[85]
Artifacts' Fate Contested at Noted Space Museum - NPR
May 3, 2005 · The museum's former president has been charged with selling several items that were on loan to the museum. Max Ary led the Kansas Cosmosphere ...Missing: DOJ | Show results with:DOJ<|control11|><|separator|>
[86]
Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center Official Statement ...
Apr 8, 2005 · In the fall of 2003, the Cosmosphere's internal inventory uncovered irregularities and further investigation showed items were removed from the ...Missing: missing | Show results with:missing
[87]
Cosmosphere founder leaves jail
Jun 10, 2010 · Sixty-year-old Max Ary was released Wednesday from the Federal Correctional Institution at El Reno after serving just over two years for stealing and selling ...