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CrossGen

CrossGen Comics, Inc., often stylized as CrossGen, was an American comic book publisher founded in 1998 by entrepreneur Mark Alessi in Tampa, Florida, that operated until its bankruptcy in 2004.^[1]^[2] The company distinguished itself through an innovative business model that employed full-time writers, artists, and other creators on salaried staff with benefits, reviving the traditional "bullpen" studio approach while pioneering digital publishing and subscription services like Comics on the Web.^[3]^[4] CrossGen's titles were set in a shared fictional universe called the Sigilverse, encompassing diverse genres such as science fiction, fantasy, horror, and mystery, and it quickly rose to become one of the top independent publishers in the U.S. comic industry during the early 2000s.^[4]^[1] Alessi, who had previously sold his software company Technical Resource Connection Inc. to Perot Systems for millions,^[5] invested his own fortune to launch CrossGen as a creator-friendly alternative to the freelance-dominated model of competitors like Marvel and DC.^[3] The company began publishing its first titles in early 2000, hiring notable talent including writers Mark Waid and Barbara Kesel, and artists like Jim Cheung and Steve Epting, to produce high-quality, interconnected stories without relying on superheroes.^[4]^[6] CrossGen also developed proprietary digital tools for coloring and production, and expanded into educational programs and graphic novels aimed at broader audiences, including bookstores.^[1]^[3] At its peak, CrossGen released flagship series such as Sigil (a space opera about interstellar conflict), Mystic (a fantasy tale of magical apprentices), Meridian (an epic involving a young woman with flight powers), Ruse (a Victorian-era detective story), and Sojourn (a historical fantasy set in a Mongol-inspired world), all linked by the mystical Sigil symbol that granted powers to bearers.^[4]^[3] The publisher achieved significant industry recognition, ranking as the fourth-largest comic book company in North America by 2002, and pursued multimedia adaptations, including Hollywood pitches with producer Michael Uslan and a DreamWorks option for The Way of the Rat.^[3]^[2] Its emphasis on diverse storytelling and professional treatment of creators attracted acclaim and helped launch careers, with alumni like Cheung later becoming art director at Marvel.^[4]^[3] However, rapid expansion strained finances, exacerbated by the dot-com bust's impact on Alessi's Perot Systems stock holdings, leading to cash flow issues by 2003.^[3] CrossGen suspended its trade paperback program, canceled conventions, and laid off staff before filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on June 18, 2004, in Tampa, with assets over $1 million but debts exceeding $10 million to more than 200 creditors, including major ones like Quebecor World ($1.5 million) and Diamond Comics Distributors.^[7] The company ceased operations shortly thereafter, marking a sudden end to its ambitious run.^[7] In the aftermath, The Walt Disney Company acquired CrossGen's intellectual property, approximately 30 graphic novel titles, educational programs, digital technology, and website for $1 million through its subsidiary Cal Publishing Inc. in late 2004.^[1] Disney, which purchased Marvel in 2009, has since revived elements of the Sigilverse; Marvel relaunched series like Ruse, Sigil, and Mystic in 2011, released CrossGen Tales #1 in 2022, a Sigil omnibus in 2023, and a Mystic omnibus in 2024, ensuring the legacy endures in modern comics.^[4]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[1] Alessi passed away in 2019 at age 65, but CrossGen remains noted for challenging industry norms and fostering creative innovation.^[2]

History

Founding and Early Development

CrossGen Comics, Inc., originally incorporated as Cross Generation Comics, was founded in 1998 by entrepreneur Mark Alessi in the Tampa Bay area of Florida. Alessi, a former IT executive who had built and sold his company Technical Resource Connection to Perot Systems in 1996 for substantial proceeds, provided the initial financial backing to launch the venture. The early team included Alessi's cousin Gina M. Villa as head of creative departments, alongside prominent writers such as Mark Waid and Ron Marz, whom Alessi recruited to help shape the company's direction.^[11] The company established its headquarters in Oldsmar, Florida, at 4023 Tampa Road, Suite 2400, creating a collaborative "bullpen" environment designed to foster creativity. To draw top talent from the industry, Alessi emphasized a non-work-for-hire model that offered creators greater involvement and incentives compared to standard publisher arrangements. This approach aimed to build a stable of experienced professionals committed to long-term projects.^[12]^[13] In 1999, CrossGen expanded its reach by acquiring MegaCon, the Orlando-based multi-genre fan convention, from founder James Breitbiel, who then joined as the company's marketing director. This move was intended to strengthen CrossGen's event presence, cultivate a dedicated fanbase, and promote its upcoming titles ahead of their debut.^[14]^[15] During this pre-publication phase, Alessi and Villa developed the foundational concept for a shared universe known as the Sigilverse, centered on mystical "sigil" marks that granted extraordinary abilities to ordinary individuals across various worlds and genres. The planning focused on interconnected storylines spanning science fiction, fantasy, and adventure, deliberately avoiding conventional superhero tropes to create a fresh, diverse narrative framework. This bible-like history was crafted before any comics were produced, ensuring cohesive world-building for multiple planned titles.^[11]

Launch of Core Titles

CrossGen's entry into the comic book market began with the release of the preview anthology CrossGenesis in January 2000, which offered an initial glimpse into the company's planned shared universe and introduced key concepts like the mystical sigils that would bind its stories.^[16] This 48-page special served as a promotional teaser, showcasing character previews and establishing the interconnected narrative framework without delving into full arcs.^[17] The company's "first wave" of core titles launched in July 2000, marking a bold debut with five monthly series that emphasized high-quality production and a unified creative vision. These included Sigil, written by Mark Waid and illustrated by Barry Kitson, a military science fiction space opera following soldier Roam in a galactic conflict; Mystic, penned by Ron Marz with art by Brandon Peterson, a fantasy tale of magical apprentices on the world of Ciress; Meridian, scripted by Barbara Kesel and drawn by Joshua Middleton, a sky-faring adventure blending traditional manga influences with aerial battles on floating cities; Scion, written by Ron Marz and penciled by Jim Cheung, an epic fantasy centered on prince Ethan of Avalon; and the anthology CrossGen Chronicles, which featured short stories expanding the universe's lore.^[18]^[19] Each title explored distinct genres—ranging from science fiction and high fantasy to adventure and mythology—while interconnected through the sigil bearers, ordinary individuals mysteriously transported to alien worlds and marked with glowing sigils that granted extraordinary abilities and hinted at a larger cosmic purpose.^[17] The launch generated immediate buzz in the industry, with the titles achieving strong initial sales that positioned CrossGen as a promising challenger to established publishers like Marvel and DC.^[20] Critical reception praised the ambitious storytelling, lush artwork, and innovative approach to serialized comics, contributing to eight Harvey Award nominations in 2001 for categories including Best New Series (Mystic), Best Writer (Ron Marz), and various art honors, reflecting the debut year's impact on the field.^[21] Marketing efforts played a key role in building momentum, featuring a distinctive uniform trade dress across all titles with consistent black borders, logo placement, and premium cardstock covers to create instant brand recognition on store shelves.^[17] CrossGen also leveraged creator signings and panels at major conventions like MegaCon—which the company acquired in 1999—to foster direct fan engagement, drawing enthusiastic crowds and cultivating a loyal following from the outset.^[17]

Expansion and Challenges

Following the initial success of its core titles, CrossGen broadened its lineup with additional series that further developed the Sigilverse and introduced new genres. Crux, written by Mark Waid and illustrated by Steve Epting, debuted in May 2001, centering on a group of immortals investigating ancient mysteries tied to Atlantean lore.^[22] Sojourn, a Tolkien-inspired fantasy epic by Ron Marz and Greg Land, launched in October 2001, following a young archer in a war-torn world of elves and humans.^[23] The company's output peaked in 2002 with approximately 10 ongoing series, including these additions alongside established books like Sigil and Meridian. This expansion helped CrossGen secure international distribution deals, such as partnerships with European publishers to localize titles for broader markets.^[24] In July 2002, Route 666, a supernatural horror series by Tony Bedard and Karl Moline, was released, blending urban legends with road-trip adventure as protagonists confront ghostly threats along an infamous highway.^[25] Negation, written by Tony Bedard and illustrated by Paul Pelletier, began in 2002 with a prequel issue in late 2001, depicting a multiracial group of prisoners transported to a hostile dimension by an alien empire, serving as a pivotal storyline leading to the larger Sigilverse crossover event. The First series, launched in November 2000, continued to evolve in 2001 with deeper explorations of its corporate intrigue and psychic elements. These releases contributed to CrossGen's critical acclaim, earning 10 Harvey Award nominations in 2002 across categories like Best New Series (Ruse and Negation), Best Artist (Jim Cheung for Scion), and Best Cover Artist (J.G. Jones for Ruse).^[26] In 2003, CrossGen restructured as CrossGen Entertainment, Inc. (CGE), establishing subsidiaries dedicated to publishing, media development, and merchandising to support multimedia adaptations and global expansion.^[27] However, rapid growth strained resources, with overexpansion into animation production and film rights licensing diverting funds from core operations. Emerging financial pressures included delays in freelancer payments beginning in late 2002, which eroded creator trust and highlighted cash-flow issues. Additionally, high return rates on trade paperbacks sold to bookstores exacerbated inventory costs, as unsold volumes were returned en masse, impacting profitability.^[28]

Bankruptcy and Dissolution

CrossGen Entertainment, Inc. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on June 18, 2004, in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Middle District of Florida in Tampa, amid mounting financial pressures that had persisted for nearly a year. The filing disclosed estimated assets exceeding $1 million and liabilities totaling $10,798,888 owed to more than 200 creditors, including major unsecured creditor Quebecor World with claims of approximately $1.5 million for printing services. The company's insolvency had begun in the second quarter of 2003, when it became unable to pay trade creditors, resulting in swept bank accounts, returned checks, and disruptions to trade credit and intellectual property marketing efforts. Late payments to freelancers and staff, starting in August 2003, further strained operations, as did the suspension of the trade paperback program and failure to meet publication schedules despite ongoing attempts to secure additional investors and financing.^[7]^[29]^[30] The bankruptcy immediately led to the cessation of new comic book issues, halting ongoing storylines and leaving major projects unfinished, such as the planned six-issue Negation War crossover event, which concluded after only two issues in spring 2004. Upon filing, CrossGen laid off all remaining creative personnel, following the resignation of its sales staff in April 2004 and prior staff reductions during a 2003 reorganization. Unpaid creators and freelancers ranked among the unsecured creditors, contributing to the financial collapse, though specific claims related to equity participation were complicated by the company's structure. Founder Mark Alessi had personally loaned and invested over $11 million since 1998, with total losses surpassing $15 million, but reorganization efforts faltered amid unsuccessful bids for new capital, including potential media licensing deals.^[7]^[29]^[31] By September 2004, the proceedings converted to Chapter 7 liquidation, initiating the sale of assets to settle debts. A $500,000 bid for substantially all assets, including physical property like offices and inventory, served as the starting point for an auction, though it would cover only debtor-in-possession financing from Alessi and a fraction of secured creditor claims, leaving most unsecured debts unpaid. This process marked the definitive end of CrossGen's independent operations, with intellectual property ultimately acquired by Disney Publishing in November 2004 for $972,233.^[32]^[29]

Business Model

Creator Equity Participation

CrossGen launched its creator equity participation program in 2000 as a key component of its business model, offering creators a share of 25% of the company's profits once production costs were recouped. This structure contrasted sharply with the work-for-hire practices dominant at Marvel and DC, where creators typically received flat page rates without ongoing backend participation. Under the program, CrossGen funded all production expenses, including salaries for in-house creators, while granting them significant stakes in future revenues from comics, trade paperbacks, and potential media adaptations. The model applied universally to all Sigilverse titles, fostering a sense of partnership and long-term investment in the company's shared universe.^[33] The equity incentives played a crucial role in attracting high-profile talent to CrossGen, including writers Mark Waid and Ron Marz, who were drawn by the promise of profit-sharing and creative control in a collaborative studio environment. Relocation support, competitive salaries averaging around $50,000 annually, and benefits like health insurance further enhanced the appeal, enabling CrossGen to assemble a roster of established professionals who contributed to the launch and development of core series. This approach positioned CrossGen as an innovative alternative in the industry, emphasizing creator involvement over traditional freelance arrangements.^[17]^[34] However, the model's drawbacks became evident during CrossGen's financial decline, as the company never achieved profitability sufficient to distribute equity shares, leading to widespread non-payment of backend earnings. By mid-2003, over 60 creators were owed significant sums, prompting complaints, legal actions, and a profound loss of trust among the talent pool that had initially been lured by the ownership promises. These unpaid obligations exacerbated the company's instability, contributing to its eventual bankruptcy and highlighting the risks of equity-based models without robust financial safeguards.^[34]^[35]

Code 6 Imprint

The Code 6 Imprint was launched by CrossGen in 2002 to provide a platform for creator-owned or licensed stories independent of the company's central Sigilverse continuity, offering a more flexible alternative to its core publishing model. This imprint emphasized a revised equity structure, granting CrossGen 75% ownership while creators retained 25% of profits and royalties, differing from the standard split used elsewhere.^[36] Designed to broaden CrossGen's offerings, Code 6 focused on diversifying the portfolio through original concepts and adaptations of established properties, with built-in potential for cross-media expansions such as film or television. The first major title announced under the imprint was The Red Star by writer-artist Christian Gossett, which shifted from Image Comics to CrossGen beginning with issue #10 and continued through #19 from late 2002 to 2003, exploring themes of militarized sorcery and geopolitical conflict in a brutal fantasy world.^[37] Subsequent releases included DemonWars, an adaptation of R.A. Salvatore's fantasy novels written by Scott Ciencin, which debuted with the 3-issue Trial by Fire miniseries in 2002 and expanded into additional volumes like Eye for an Eye in 2003. Other key entries were the satirical The Crossovers by Robert Rodi and Mauricet in 2003, and Kiss Kiss Bang Bang by Tony Bedard and Mike Perkins, a 5-issue spy thriller series from 2004 that shared its title with an upcoming film but operated as a standalone narrative. Stone, a 2003 launch, rounded out early efforts with its focus on isolated, creator-driven tales.^[36] CrossGen's financial collapse and bankruptcy filing in June 2004 curtailed the imprint's potential, resulting in approximately 40 issues published across various Code 6 titles and halting further development amid broader company dissolution.^[7]

Digital and Promotional Initiatives

CrossGen pioneered digital distribution in the comic book industry with the launch of Comics on the Web (COW) in early 2002, offering subscribers browser-based access to its titles via a Flash-enabled interface designed for enhanced readability.^[38] The service provided free previews of select issues to attract new readers, while a $1 monthly subscription unlocked full access to premium content, which initially included over 50 issues encompassing more than 1,100 pages.^[38] By the end of 2002, the digital library had expanded to approximately 160 issues and 4,400 pages, with content typically released online six months after print editions to encourage physical sales.^[38] This model positioned COW as a low-barrier entry point, driving measurable promotional impact, such as a 54% increase in advance reorders for the prequel series The Path and a 26% rise in sales for its first trade paperback volume following the launch.^[38] To build anticipation for its shared universe, CrossGen released CrossGenesis in January 2000 as a one-shot promotional comic, featuring an introductory story by Mark Alessi and Gina M. Villa alongside sketches and sneak peeks of upcoming ongoing series like Sigil, Mystic, and Meridian.^[39] This preview served as a hype-building tool ahead of the core titles' debuts, distributed through comic shops and events to familiarize potential fans with the interconnected Sigilverse narrative. Complementing such efforts, CrossGen produced convention-exclusive promotional materials, including posters and samplers, often showcased at major gatherings like San Diego Comic-Con to engage attendees and boost visibility.^[40] COW's reach expanded through strategic partnerships that integrated previews and links across various platforms, including revenue-sharing agreements with 14 websites such as Lycos' Angelfire and a pact with Clear Channel adding eight radio-station sites for cross-promotion.^[41] By 2003, Version 3.0 introduced multilingual support in English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, and Japanese, along with audio enhancements like voice-overs and creator commentary synced to panel balloons, while shortening the print-to-digital lag to three months and incorporating Code 6 imprint titles such as Lady Death and DemonWars.^[42] Additional collaborations included integrations with AOL and international portals like South Korea's eComix, amassing dozens of partner sites and thousands of subscribers, with the library nearing 350 issues.^[42] These initiatives aimed to diversify readership beyond traditional print channels in the pre-iPad era. Despite these innovations, CrossGen's digital efforts encountered hurdles typical of early 2000s online comics, including incompatibility with Macintosh browsers, which limited accessibility, and the prevalence of slow dial-up internet speeds that hindered smooth Flash-based viewing.^[38] Broader industry concerns over digital piracy also posed risks, as unauthorized sharing threatened revenue from the subscription model and contributed to the financial pressures that strained the company leading up to its 2004 bankruptcy.^[41]

Titles

Sigilverse Universe

The Sigilverse represents the interconnected shared universe at the heart of CrossGen Comics' output, encompassing numerous titles published between 2000 and 2004 that wove a cohesive narrative tapestry across diverse genres. Central to this framework are the Sigil marks—mysterious, glowing brands appearing on select characters' bodies, which bestow extraordinary abilities such as enhanced strength, magical prowess, or precognition, while subtly linking bearers across disparate worlds like Earth, the magical planet Ciress, and the medieval realm of Avalon. These marks serve as both a unifying motif and a plot device, driving personal transformations and multiversal conflicts without relying on traditional superhero tropes, instead emphasizing epic, character-driven stories with mature themes and diverse ensembles of protagonists from varied cultural backgrounds.^[4]^[17] Key series anchored the Sigilverse's expansive scope. Sigil, a 42-issue space opera (2000–2003), followed soldier Samandahl Rey as his Sigil awakened god-like powers amid interstellar wars and ancient mysteries, blending hard science fiction with philosophical undertones.^[43] Complementing this, Mystic spanned 43 issues (2000–2004), chronicling the arcane adventures of sisters Giselle and Genevieve Villard on Ciress, where rigid magical castes clashed with emerging Sigil-enhanced sorcery in a richly detailed fantasy realm.^[44] Meridian, reaching 44 issues by 2004 but left unresolved in its broader arcs due to the company's bankruptcy, centered on young Sephie Jaquard inheriting a Sigil and navigating political intrigue and aerial battles on the world of Northstar.^[45] Scion, a 43-issue epic (2000–2004), explored royal succession and courtly betrayal on Avalon through Prince Tristan's Sigil-fueled journey, fusing historical fantasy with themes of destiny and loyalty.^[46] Crux (33 issues, 2001–2004) delved into a submerged, post-apocalyptic Earth city where explorers uncovered Sigil secrets amid survival horror and temporal anomalies.^[47] The First (2000–2003), a 37-issue series, depicted ancient immortal beings divided into rival houses—Dexter, representing benevolence, and Sinister, embodying malice—as they navigate intrigue and conflict in a god-like society, tying into the broader cosmology. Written by Mark Waid with art by Gonzalo Ordoñez and others, the story culminates in epic confrontations that reveal deeper plans among leaders like Orium.^[48] Negation (27 issues plus prologue, 2002–2004) depicted a war between Sigil-bearers from the "positive" universe and tyrannical forces from a mirrored "Negation" realm, highlighting interdimensional invasion and moral ambiguity in a horror-infused sci-fi narrative.^[49] Other notable Sigilverse titles included Ruse (26 issues, 2001–2004), a Victorian-era mystery series following detective Simon Archard and medium Emma Bishop as they solve supernatural crimes linked by Sigils; and The Path (22 issues plus prologue, 2002–2004), a martial arts epic where virgin warriors defend against dark forces using Sigil-granted abilities. Sojourn (2001–2004), spanning 35 issues (including prequel), followed archer Arwyn, a Mongolian-inspired warrior seeking a legendary arrow to defeat the resurrected sorcerer Mordath and his troll armies in a high-fantasy world of dragons, elves, and the Five Lands, with her Sigil enabling key confrontations. Penned by Ron Marz and illustrated by Greg Land, the series blended sword-and-sorcery adventure with themes of vengeance and heroism, drawing comparisons to epic tales like The Lord of the Rings.^[50]^[51] Route 666 (2002–2004), a 22-issue horror series, centered on college student Cassie Starkweather, who uncovers supernatural forces after her friend's suspicious death at Welkin State University, leading to a road-trip confrontation with demonic entities in a 1950s Americana-inspired setting called Empyrean, empowered by her Sigil. Tony Bedard wrote the blend of action, menace, and humor, with Karl Moline providing the artwork, marking CrossGen's inaugural foray into horror comics.^[25]^[52] Crossovers amplified the Sigilverse's interconnectedness, most notably Negation War (2003–2004), a planned six-issue event that pitted heroes from multiple series against the Negation threat but was cut short after two released issues due to financial woes, leaving multiversal stakes unresolved and underscoring the universe's ambitious yet fragile scope.^[53]^[54] This blend of science fiction, fantasy, and horror—eschewing capes and codenames for grounded yet sweeping tales—allowed CrossGen to cultivate epic narratives with global casts, including strong female leads and non-Western influences, fostering a sense of vast, lived-in cosmology.^[4]

Non-Sigilverse Series

CrossGen published approximately 16 standalone series and titles under various imprints outside its interconnected Sigilverse universe, emphasizing self-contained narratives in genres such as historical fiction, horror, fantasy, and cyberpunk. These works often featured creator-driven stories without the shared cosmology or crossovers that defined the company's core line, allowing for more isolated explorations of character and world-building. Many of these series had shorter runs, typically concluding prematurely due to CrossGen's financial difficulties and eventual bankruptcy in 2004.^[55] Abadazad (2004), a brief three-issue fantasy series, presented a memoir-style narrative through the eyes of teenager Kate Jameson, who discovers the whimsical, Narnia-like world of Abadazad—familiar from century-old books—is real, blending wonder with personal loss as she navigates its magical realms. J.M. DeMatteis scripted the homage to classic children's fantasies.^[56] Under the Code 6 imprint, which granted creators joint ownership with CrossGen, The Red Star (2003, under Code 6), a continuation of Christian Gossett's earlier work, depicted an alternate-history war in a Soviet-analogous nation, focusing on soldiers like sorceress Maya grappling with honor, sacrifice, and geopolitical betrayal amid sci-fi battles.^[57]^[58]^[59] Shorter runs exemplified the impact of CrossGen's instability, such as El Cazador (2003), a six-issue pirate adventure (plus prequel) set in the 18th century, where captain Donella DuPre seeks vengeance against Spanish forces in the Caribbean, blending swashbuckling action with historical intrigue. Chuck Dixon wrote the series, with Steve Epting on art, emphasizing high-seas exploits without broader ties.^[60] Other examples included Brath (2003–2004, 14 issues plus prequel), a barbarian tale of war-chief Brath Mac Garen uniting Urelander tribes against invaders in a gritty historical-fantasy world, and licensed properties like DemonWars (2003, under Code 6), adapting R.A. Salvatore's novels into a medieval epic of elves, dwarves, and demonic wars.^[61]^[62] These titles underscored CrossGen's ambition to diversify beyond its flagship universe, often prioritizing creator equity and thematic depth in isolated narratives.

Anthologies and Compendia

CrossGen produced several anthology series and promotional compendia designed to introduce readers to its shared universe, fill narrative gaps, and offer affordable collections of ongoing titles. One of the earliest efforts was CrossGenesis, a 48-page one-shot published in January 2000 that served as a foundational sampler, outlining the interconnected worlds, key characters, and overarching mythology of the Sigilverse while previewing the debut issues of flagship series like Mystic, Sigil, Scion, and Meridian. This publication aimed to provide an accessible entry point for potential readers by establishing the conceptual framework without requiring prior knowledge, effectively testing market interest in the ensemble format ahead of the core titles' launches.^[63] CrossGen Chronicles, an eight-issue anthology series running from June 2000 to July 2002, featured short stories and behind-the-scenes content that expanded on the Sigilverse lore. Each issue included bridging narratives between existing series arcs, creator interviews, and production insights, such as George Pérez's artwork in issue #4 depicting historical events tied to characters like Sam from Mystic. The series functioned as both a narrative supplement and a promotional tool, allowing CrossGen to experiment with short-form tales while deepening reader engagement with the universe's history and creative process.^[64]^[65] In 2002, CrossGen launched its Compendia line of monthly trade paperback anthologies to address accessibility for new readers and capitalize on the growing popularity of collected editions. Forge, debuting in April 2002 at $9.95 for 200 full-color pages, serialized chapters from fantasy and adventure titles including Crux #1-3, Meridian #15, Negation prequel, Sojourn prequel, and The Path #1, with releases lagging 90-120 days behind single issues to mimic manga-style ongoing collections. Similarly, Edge began the same month, aggregating science fiction, mystery, and supernatural stories from The First #8-10, Mystic #15-16, Ruse #1, Scion #15, and Sigil #15, equivalent to eight individual comics per volume. These compendia, totaling 13 issues each for Forge and the combined Edge/Vector line (with Edge renamed Vector after 12 issues in 2003 due to a trademark conflict), prioritized broad genre representation to test reader preferences and serve as low-barrier compilations that bundled multiple series for comprehensive overviews.^[66]^[67] Beyond these, CrossGen issued standalone trade paperbacks for individual series, such as early collections of Mystic and Sigil, which often incorporated anthology-style previews or bonus shorts to entice newcomers. This approach not only facilitated concept testing through serialized shorts but also positioned the compendia as key entry points, enabling readers to sample diverse narratives without committing to full runs of single titles.

Revival and Legacy

Disney Acquisition and Marvel Revivals

In November 2004, Disney Publishing Worldwide acquired the assets of the bankrupt CrossGen Entertainment for $1 million through a court-supervised auction. The purchase encompassed intellectual property rights to CrossGen's extensive library of over 20 comic book titles, enabling Disney to safeguard trademarks and maintain control over the characters and stories.^[1]^[68] Following Disney's 2009 acquisition of Marvel Comics, Marvel editor-in-chief Joe Quesada announced at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con a revival of the CrossGen brand as a new imprint, featuring original stories inspired by the company's classic titles. The initiative aimed to reintroduce CrossGen's shared universe concepts within Marvel's publishing framework, with new creative teams handling the narratives.^[69]^[70] The revival launched in March 2011 with two four-issue miniseries: Ruse, written by Mark Waid and illustrated by Mirco Pierfederici, which reimagined the Victorian-era detective duo in a supernatural mystery; and Sigil, written by Mike Carey and drawn by Leonard Kirk, exploring a science fiction epic involving a powerful artifact. Both series concluded by mid-2011. In August 2011, Mystic followed as a six-issue miniseries, scripted by G. Willow Wilson with art by David Lopez, focusing on a young woman's arcane heritage and battles against mystical foes, ending in January 2012.^[69]^[70] In early 2012, Marvel solicited plans for two additional four-issue series—Route 666, a supernatural road-trip horror tale written by Tony Bedard, and Kiss Kiss Bang Bang, a spy thriller by Christos Gage—but both were cancelled before release due to underwhelming sales performance of the prior titles.^[71]^[72] The revival integrated CrossGen elements into Marvel's Earth-616 continuity to facilitate potential crossovers, though this approach drew criticism from fans and reviewers for diluting the original titles' distinct, self-contained tones and shared-universe independence.^[72]

Recent Trademark Publications

In 2022, Marvel Comics published CrossGen Tales #1 as a one-shot anthology to reprint the debut issues of four key titles from the original CrossGen lineup: Ruse #1, Mystic #1, Sigil #1, and Sojourn #1.^[73] Released on November 2, 2022, the 128-page collection aimed to reintroduce these stories without new content, serving primarily to demonstrate active use of the CrossGen trademarks owned by Disney since 2004.^[74] The publication fulfilled U.S. Patent and Trademark Office requirements for trademark maintenance, which mandate evidence of commercial use at least every five years.^[74] Building on this effort, Marvel issued the Sigil Omnibus in December 2023, a 1,192-page hardcover collecting the complete original run of Sigil #1-42, along with related material from CrossGen Chronicles #1 and #4, and the Saurians: Unnatural Selection miniseries.^[75] Like the earlier anthology, it focused solely on reprinting existing issues to preserve intellectual property rights, with no additional narratives or modern adaptations.^[9] In 2024, Marvel expanded digital access by adding the full run of Mystic to its Marvel Unlimited subscription service, making all 43 issues available for online reading.^[76] This coincided with the release of the Mystic Omnibus on September 4, 2024, which reprinted Mystic #1-43 plus supplemental content from CrossGen Chronicles.^[77] The digital versions incorporated updates such as Marvel branding in place of original CrossGen logos to align with current licensing.^[76] These initiatives continued the pattern of trademark preservation through low-volume reprints and digital archiving, with CrossGen Tales #1 achieving modest sales estimated in the low thousands.^[74] In 2025, Marvel incorporated elements of CrossGen's Mystic universe into its Battleworld miniseries, a Secret Wars spinoff, positioning the Sigilverse as one of the colliding multiversal domains in Battleworld #2, released on October 29, 2025. This marked the first new narrative use of CrossGen IP in over a decade, beyond reprints, as heroes from various universes, including the CrossGen world, navigate survival on a patchwork Battleworld.^[76]^[78]

Industry Impact and Unfinished Narratives

CrossGen's creator equity participation model, which provided artists and writers with ownership stakes in the company alongside salaried positions, represented a significant innovation in the comics industry during the early 2000s. This approach aimed to foster long-term collaboration and reduce reliance on the traditional freelance system, influencing later independent publishers by demonstrating the potential for shared financial incentives to attract top talent. For instance, it contributed to discussions around creator-owned expansions at Image Comics, where equity-like structures in partnerships became more emphasized to retain creators. The model was praised for enabling diverse storytelling across genres, including fantasy, science fiction, and historical narratives, while prioritizing high-quality, art-driven books that emphasized visual innovation over formulaic superhero tropes.^[4]^[79] The company's sudden bankruptcy in 2004 left numerous narratives unresolved, most prominently the Negation War crossover event, which concluded on a cliffhanger depicting the Negation forces launching an assault on the Sigilverse under Evinlea's leadership. This abrupt end also stranded the overarching fates of the Sigil-Bearers, central figures empowered by mysterious sigils, without closure, as the planned epic confrontation between the light and negation universes was never completed. Fans responded with campaigns seeking resolutions, including online petitions in 2004 urging publishers to finish the stories or release outlines, though these efforts yielded no official continuations at the time.^[31]^[80] Despite its short lifespan, CrossGen developed a dedicated cult following for its interconnected universe and ambitious world-building, earning critical acclaim through multiple 2002 Eisner and Harvey Award nominations and wins. Notably, colorist Laura DePuy won the Eisner for Best Colorist for her work on Ruse, while titles like Scion and Ruse received Harvey nominations for Best Artist (Jim Cheung) and Best Cover Artist, highlighting the company's artistic excellence. However, the 2003 scandal involving delayed payments to freelancers and vendors—stemming from mounting debts exceeding $10 million—severely tarnished its reputation, eroding trust within the industry and among creators. Checker Book Publishing Group's trade paperback reprints of series such as Sojourn and Sigil from 2006 to 2008 preserved accessibility, allowing the works to reach new audiences and sustain interest. In contemporary perspectives as of 2025, CrossGen is frequently regarded as an underrated pioneer for its expansive scope, with ongoing fan and industry discussions advocating for comprehensive revivals that remain unfulfilled.^[81]^[26]^[7]^[5]

References

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Disney Acquires CrossGen's Assets - Publishers Weekly
CrossGen was founded in 1998 by Alessi, and though it quickly became one of the largest independent U.S. publishers of comics and graphic novels, it filed for ...
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R.I.P. CrossGen's Mark Alessi - ICv2
Apr 1, 2019 · CrossGen Comics Founder and CEO Mark Alessi passed away over the weekend; he was 65. ... In 1998 he founded CrossGen Comics, which quickly ramped ...<|separator|>
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The hidden history of CrossGen, Tampa Bay's almost comic book ...
Aug 6, 2023 · The company campe close to breaking into Hollywood before it all fell apart in the early 2000s.
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instead of relying on freelancers working from ...
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CrossGen (Creator) - TV Tropes
Founded sometime in 1998 by Mark Alessi, CrossGen started publishing four comics series (dubbed by fans the "four core" books) in early 2000: Advertisement ...
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### Summary of CrossGen Bankruptcy Article
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The Other Marvel: CrossGen Comics' Short, Sad Life
Jul 20, 2016 · The tale begins in Florida in 1999, when former computer whiz kid Mark Alessi cashed in from the tech boom to pursue his dream of launching a cutting-edge ...
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CrossGen Company Profile - ICv2
Feb 17, 2001 · Headquarters: 4023 Tampa Rd., Suite 2400, Oldsmar, FL 34677 ; Phone: 813-891-1702 ; Fax: 813-891-0542 ; Website URL: http://www.crossgen.com.Missing: office | Show results with:office
[9]
COMIC RELIEF? - Tampa Bay Times
May 14, 2000 · Mark Alessi hopes his new creation, Oldsmar-based CrossGeneration Comics, and its old "bullpen" approach can breathe new life into an ...
[10]
Fan Expo Acquires MegaCon - Bleeding Cool News
Mar 24, 2015 · Bought in 1999 by local comics publisher CrossGen, it was then bought again by the show's manager Elizabeth Widera. The next Megacon runs on ...
[11]
SDCC '10 | Marvel to resurrect CrossGen properties next year - CBR
Jul 24, 2010 · Founded in 1998 by Florida entrepreneur Mark Alessi, CrossGen featured a line of titles in a variety of genres with a shared universe, or ...
[12]
Issue :: Crossgenesis (CrossGen, 2000 series) #1 - GCD
Information about the comic Crossgenesis #1, which has a publication date of January 2000 and was published by CrossGen.Missing: anthology | Show results with:anthology
[13]
A Skitch In Time – CrossGen - Inside Pulse
Jul 29, 2010 · Millionaire Mark Alessi and his cousin Gina Villa tapped into some of the most creative people in comics (Mark Waid, Ron Marz, George Perez ...Missing: staff | Show results with:staff
[14]
Marvel officially announces CrossGen imprint, first titles - CBR
Dec 16, 2010 · The first wave of comics launched in 2000 with Sigil, the fantasies Meridian, Mystic and Scion, and the “untold tales” anthology CrossGen ...
[15]
Mystic (CrossGen) #1 VF ; CrossGen comic book | Ron Marz
Written by Ron Marz; Illustrated by Brandon Peterson. See more. Product specifications. Package Dimensions, ‎12 x 9 x 1 inches. Item Weight, ‎7 ounces. ASIN ...
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https://www.comics.org/series/9972/
[17]
Fantagraphics leads Harvey nominations - The Oklahoman
The 2001 Harvey Award nominees have been announced, and perhaps the biggest surprise is the success of the relatively young publisher CrossGen Comics.
[18]
Crux (2001) comic books - MyComicShop
4.9 108 · $12.95 deliveryPublished May 2001 by CrossGen Comics. By Mark Waid, Steve Epting, and Rick Magyar.
[19]
https://www.amazon.com/Mystic-CrossGen-VF-comic-book/dp/B0765ZZDQF
[20]
https://www.multiversitycomics.com/news-columns/ghost-of-comics-past-2000/
[21]
Route 666 (2002) comic books - MyComicShop
4.9 108 · $12.95 delivery · 7-day returnsCrossGen's new horror adventure title is on the loose! Dark deeds are afoot at Welkin State University, where young Cassie Starkweather's best friend is killed.
[22]
2002 Harvey Award Nominees and Winners - The Hahn Library
2002 Harvey Award Nominees and Winners · Best Writer. Brian Azzarello, 100 Bullets (DC Comics) * · Best Artist. Jim Cheung, Scion (CrossGen) · Best Cartoonist.
[23]
https://www.mycomicshop.com/search?TID=413927
[24]
All The Rage: Enter The Sauna - Bleeding Cool News
Jun 9, 2002 · "Boycotting will not only hurt Chaos!, it will hurt the freelancers hired by Chaos!, too." All The Rage heard rumours about payment problems a ...
[25]
CrossGen Sets Reorganization Plan - ICv2
The narrative described the events leading up to CrossGen's bankruptcy filing. According to the recounting, CrossGen had been insolvent (unable to pay its ...
[26]
CrossGen Files For Bankruptcy - CBR
Jun 20, 2004 · Numerous sources are reporting that beleaguered comics publisher CrossGen Entertainment has filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.
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Negation War - CrossGen Comics Database Wiki - Fandom
It only ran for two issues, in Spring 2004, before the company declared bankruptcy and ended production on all their titles.
[28]
CrossGen Gets $500k Offer - ICv2
A $500,000 sale of assets would pay off the debtor in possession financing from CrossGen founder Mark Alessi (see 'Alessi To Provide DIP ...
[29]
Comics' Unlikely Hero - Los Angeles Times
Jul 17, 2003 · Alessi has promised to share 25% of CrossGen's profit with employees. He says the company appears on track to turn a profit in this year's ...
[30]
The Rise And Fall Of CrossGen Comics – @comicsforever on Tumblr
Crossgen Comics managed to become the #4 comic publisher in america in just 2 years and it ended as sudenly as it started.
[31]
MVCreations Is Facing Bankruptcy - ToyNewsI.com
Nov 23, 2004 · When payments never came, we complained, fought and eventually sued. And by the time the smoke cleared, CrossGen went bankrupt right after ...
[32]
CrossGen Signs First Code Six Title - ICv2
Under the terms of the Code 6 agreement CrossGen will pay the artists and writers page rates and finance the publication in its entirety. For its trouble ...
[33]
CrossGen shaking up comics 'Red Star' to be imprint's first title
... creator-owned or creator-participation properties. Code 6 will be a creator-participation imprint, with CrossGen providing the up-front money and taking a ...
[34]
CrossGen puts comics online to draw readers - The Oklahoman
Mar 22, 2002 · Sales of CrossGen's volume one trade paperbacks increased by 26 percent the week of launch. For the subscription price of $1 per month to start, ...Missing: initial | Show results with:initial
[35]
Crossgenesis (2000) comic books - MyComicShop
One-Shot. Introductory story to the CrossGen Universe created by Mark Alessi & Gina M. Villa. Also includes sketches and sneak peeks at the upcoming ongoing ...
[36]
San Diego Comic Con Update Thursday, July 19, 2001
San Diego Comic Con Update Thursday, July 19, 2001 · Photo #1: The massive crowd outside the convention at 9:30 AM · Photo #2: CrossGen booth · Photo #3: DC Comics ...
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CrossGen Comics crosses over to Web - Tampa Bay Times
Each of the company's partners provides a link to CrossGen's Comics on the Web ... If they opt to pay a $1 monthly subscription fee ... Florida workers can stay in ...
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CrossGen Launches Comics on the Web Version 3.0
**Summary of Comics on the Web Version 3.0 Announcement:**
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Sigil #1-42 Complete Run Series Crossgen - Comics to Astonish
In stockDescription. Sigil #1-42. Issues #1-26 are in Trade Paper Back from (4 books) & issues #27-42 are in single issue form. Average condition of comics is F.
[40]
Mystic (2000 CrossGen) comic books - MyComicShop
4.9 108 · $12.95 deliveryIssue #6. Mystic (2000 CrossGen) 6 · Mystic (2000 CrossGen) #6. Published Dec 2000 by CrossGen Comics. Available Stock; Want List; eBay (2); Contents · CGC ...
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Crossgen Comics Meridian almost full run, 44 issues. Comics
New 168.30USD (Tax) ; Crossgen Comics Meridian almost full run, 44 issues. Comics. Another big 3rd party was Crossgen where every hero had a sigil and a sidekick ...
[42]
Crossgen reprints from Marvel Comics - CollectedEditions.com
Oct 19, 2023 · Crossgen reprints from Marvel Comics ; Sigil, -, July 2000 ; Saurians: Unnatural Selection, Feb 2002 ; Scion, -, July 2000 ; Meridian, -, July 2000 ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[43]
Crux - GCD :: Series - Grand Comics Database
Crux (2001 series). Published in English (United States) United States. Random ... Number of Issues Published: 33 (#1 - #33); Color: Color; Dimensions ...
[44]
Negation (Comic Book) - TV Tropes
Negation is a Comic Book published by CrossGen. It tells the story of a ... The series lasted 27 issues that were written by Tony Bedard (with Mark ...
[45]
Series :: Negation War - GCD
Negation War (2004 series). Published in English ... Number of Issues Published: 2 (#1 - #2); Color ... CrossGen [italics] (2 issues). Indicia ...
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CrossGen Chronicles: Talking with Tony Bedard | Todd Matthy.com
Oct 5, 2016 · In 2000, CrossGen Comics launched. Founded by millionaire Mark Alessi, CrossGen sought to expand the comics industry by forgoing super-hero ...
[47]
List of publications from CrossGen Comics | American Comic Books
Aug 7, 2015 · CrossGen Comics · Abadazad · Brath · Chimera · CrossGen Chronicles · CrossGen Primer · Crossovers, The · Crux · DemonWars: Eye for an Eye.
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The First #31 Reviews at ComicBookRoundUp.com
Rating 8/10 (1) He is accused of not taking back both houses Dexter and Sinister, but what true plan does Orium have in his mind? The First definitely takes the reader to ...<|separator|>
[49]
Retro Review: Sojourn #1 (August 2001) - Major Spoilers
Rating 8/10 Dec 18, 2022 · The evil sorcerer Mordath has risen from the grave and once again stands on the brink of conquering the mystical Five Lands.
[50]
Remake & Reboot: The SOJOURN Comic Series - iFanboy
Dec 21, 2011 · Launched in August 2001 by writer Ron Marz and artist Greg Land, Sojourn was straight-up sword-and-sorcery, with a bow-wielding heroine named Arwyn.<|separator|>
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ROUTE 666 comic review - Feo Amante's HORROR THRILLER
ROUTE 666 takes place in a place called Empyrean. Empyrean seems an awful lot like 1950's era USA. Even down to the paranoia of Communists coming and taking ...
[52]
JM DeMatteis — About Abadazad (vol VIII/iss 1/January 2005)
Abadazad pays homage to many classic fantasy stories, such as The Chronicles of Narnia and Alice in Wonderland.
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Return To Abadazad: A Conversation With J.M. DeMatteis
Nov 29, 2004 · Via e-mail, we spoke to Abadazad co-creator and series writer JM DeMatteis about his plans for the project.<|separator|>
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List of publications from Code 6 | American Comic Books
Aug 3, 2016 · Crossovers, The Year of publication: 2003 Publisher/imprint: CrossGen Comics Code 6 Page Click here for details DemonWars: Eye for an EyeMissing: Stone | Show results with:Stone
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The Red Star (Volume) - Comic Vine
The Red Star is Sci-Fi/Fantasy comic based in a country highly analogous culturally and geographically to the Soviet Union of the latter half of the twentieth ...
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Off the Cape: The Red Star - Multiversity Comics
Jul 18, 2012 · Long, almost poetic narrations about lofty ideals such as a warrior's honor, freedom, love and self-sacrifice tie the major events together.
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EL CAZADOR Crossgen Comics - Dave's Long Box
Mar 22, 2008 · El Cazador was a slickly produced swashbuckler by writer Chuck Dixon, master of he-man action, and artist Steve Epting, who I like to think of ...
[58]
Brath (2003-2004) #9 by CrossGen Comics - StashMyComics.com
Rating 4.0 (1) Synopsis. All-out gladiator action! Betrayed by fate, Brath must face the horrors of the arena! Battling man and beast, can the Hammer of Ure defeat all ...
[59]
http://www.multiversitycomics.com/news-columns/off-the-cape-the-red-star/
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CrossGen - Wikipedia
CrossGen Comics, Inc., was founded in 1998, in Tampa, Florida, by entrepreneur Mark Alessi. In 1999, the company acquired the Orlando-based multi-genre fan ...
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CrossGen Chronicles (2000) comic books - MyComicShop
4.9 108 · $12.95 delivery · 7-day returnsAlso included is a wealth of preview material for next month's launch of CrossGen's exciting regular titles: Mystic, Sigil, Scion, and Meridian. Issue #2
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Amazon.com: Crossgen Chronicles (2000-2002) #4 eBook
30-day returnsMark Waid and George Pérez together for the very first time! Roiya recounts Sam's first encounter with Tchlusarud: Sam is in command of an elite Union Army ...Missing: international | Show results with:international
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CrossGen's New Anthologies - ICv2
Jan 29, 2002 · ... trade paperback anthologies collecting issues from five or six different comics series. The two anthology collections, dubbed Forge and Edge ...
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Forge TPB (2002-2003 CrossGen Compendium Series) comic books
4.9 108 · $12.95 deliveryCollects Meridian (2000) #23-24, Negation (2001) #6, The Path (2002) #4, Crux (2001) #11-13, and Sojourn (2001 CrossGen) #8-10. CrossGen Compendia Series.Missing: international distribution
[65]
https://www.amazon.com/Crossgen-Chronicles-2000-2002-Mark-Waid-ebook/dp/B0CL9QR147
[66]
CrossGen returns in new imprint from Marvel - Comics Beat
Dec 16, 2010 · Marvel is proud to announce the all-new Crossgen imprint, launching in March 2011 with two series—Ruse and Sigil. Featuring some of today's most ...
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Marvel Revives CrossGen with New Creators, New Stories
Dec 21, 2010 · Despite offering a complex comics universe featuring a wide variety of genres, CrossGen Comics, an ambitious comics company launched in 2000 ...
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Marvel shelves 'Kiss Kiss Bang Bang', 'Route 666' returns - Digital Spy
Mar 7, 2012 · Senior vice president of publishing Tom Brevoort revealed that the titles have been cancelled in response to a question on his Formspring ...
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Crossgen revival at Marvel settles into dust once more - Comics Beat
Mar 8, 2012 · Marvel's proposed KISS KISS BANG BANG and ROUTE 666 Crossgen revivals have been shelved indefinitely. Word came via Tom Brevoort's rolling press conference.Missing: cancelled | Show results with:cancelled
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Crossgen Tales (2022) #1 | Comic Issues - Marvel.com
Nov 2, 2022 · Browse the Marvel Comics issue Crossgen Tales (2022) #1. Learn where to read it, and check out the comic's cover art, variants, writers, ...
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Marvel To Publish CrossGen Tales To Keep Disney Trademarks On ...
Aug 18, 2022 · CrossGen was first trademarked in 1999 Disney filed for ownership last in 2018. You are meant to show use of a trademark every five years at the minimum.Missing: acquisition | Show results with:acquisition
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SIGIL OMNIBUS (Hardcover) | Comic Issues - Marvel
Dec 20, 2023 · Experience the epic saga of galactic mercenary Samandahl Rey, fighting to survive amid a brutal war against the Saurians! When Sam suddenly ...
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Marvel to Omnibize CrossGen's 'Sigil' - ICv2
Jan 30, 2023 · Marvel will publish the full run of the CrossGen comic Sigil as a 1,192-page omnibus. Sigil Omnibus will collect Sigil #1-42 as well as ...Missing: creator equity 50%
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CrossGen's Mystic To Appear In Marvel's Secret Wars Battleworld
Jul 24, 2025 · Eventually they went bankrupt, and the company's assets were acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 2004, ostensibly for the rights to Abadazad, ...Missing: Entertrainment liquidation
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MYSTIC OMNIBUS BRANDON PETERSON COVER (Hardcover)
Sep 4, 2024 · Collects Mystic (2000) #1-43, Crossgen Chronicles #5 and material from Crossgen Chronicles #1. On a world where society is based upon magic, ...
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Barbara Kesel - The Accidental Writer (vol III/iss 5/May 2000)
CrossGen appealed to me for the audaciousness of trying to do comics this way: with all the creative people in house. They wanted somebody like me to help train ...<|separator|>
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The Negation War: I need an ending - CBR Community
Feb 14, 2017 · Marvel didn't acquire CrossGen. CrossGen went bankrupt in 2003, so Disney bought the company's assets. Shortly after Disney bought Marvel ...
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2002 Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards - The Hahn Library
Mark Waid, Ruse (CrossGen). Best Writer/Artist. Jessica Abel, La Perdida (Fantagraphics); Dan Clowes, Eightball (Fantagraphics) *; Carla Speed McNeil, Finder ...
[79]
Bankruptcy filing uncovers comic book company's financial woes
Aug 2, 2004 · Day-to-day operations are being funded, for now, by a $75,000 loan from Mark Alessi, a Tampa businessman who founded CrossGen in 1998, under a " ...<|control11|><|separator|>