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Disruptive Pattern Material

Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) is a designation coined by the British Ministry of Defence for a series of printed camouflage patterns introduced in the 1960s, featuring disruptive coloration with irregular shapes in contrasting earth tones—typically green, brown, and black on a khaki or light green background—to break up the outlines of personnel and equipment, thereby providing effective concealment in temperate woodlands and grasslands.^[1] The origins of DPM trace back to earlier British camouflage experiments during World War II, such as the hand-painted Denison smocks, but the term specifically applies to the mechanized, mass-produced patterns standardized starting with the 1960 combat uniform design.^[1] The 1968 pattern, issued from 1969, became the most widely recognized iteration, refined through field testing including during the Falklands War in 1982, where it proved effective across mixed terrains.^[1]^[2] Over its service life, DPM evolved into multiple variants tailored to specific environments: the temperate version for European climates, tropical DPM with lighter, brighter greens and browns for jungle operations (introduced in the 1970s), and desert DPM featuring sandy beiges, light browns, and subdued greens in series from the 1980s onward.^[1] These patterns were applied to a wide array of items, including smocks, trousers, helmets, vehicle coverings, and personal equipment, enhancing tactical concealment for the British Army and Royal Marines.^[2] DPM's design principles, rooted in the broader concept of disruptive camouflage that mimics natural patterns to confuse observers at a distance, led to its adoption by over 20 armed forces worldwide, including those of Bulgaria, Indonesia, New Zealand, Oman, Portugal, and Yemen, often through licensed production or surplus acquisition.^[1] Its enduring legacy persisted until the 2010s, when the British military transitioned to the Multi-Terrain Pattern (MTP), a hybrid digital design blending DPM elements with U.S. MultiCam for greater versatility in global operations like those in Afghanistan.^[1]^[2]

Design and Characteristics

Pattern Composition

Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) camouflage relies on the principle of disruptive coloration, which employs irregular shapes, spots, and streaks to fragment the outline of the human form and equipment, thereby reducing visibility against natural backgrounds in temperate environments.^[1] This design theory aims to confuse the observer's perception by mimicking the random patterns found in foliage, undergrowth, and terrain features, preventing the eye from discerning a cohesive shape at typical engagement distances.^[3] The core geometric elements of DPM consist of a dominant base layer overlaid with disruptive motifs in multiple colors, creating a layered effect where lighter areas form the foundation and darker, irregular blotches and elongated spots interrupt continuity for enhanced concealment.^[1] These shapes are deliberately non-repeating and asymmetrical, with edges often featuring dots or rips to further distort edges and simulate natural irregularities.^[3] The color distribution prioritizes a majority base tone for blending, with progressively smaller and more intense disruptive elements to maintain balance without overwhelming the pattern's overall harmony.^[3] DPM patterns are produced using roller printing techniques on fabric rolls, which allow for efficient mass production while ensuring the motifs repeat seamlessly to align across garment seams and reduce detectable breaks in camouflage.^[4] This method involves engraved rollers that apply the multi-layer design in sequence, preserving the intended proportions and avoiding misalignment that could compromise effectiveness.^[4] The scale and proportion of DPM motifs are calibrated specifically for temperate European terrain, with spot and streak sizes varying to optimize disruption at viewing distances of 50 to 200 meters, where the pattern's elements appear appropriately fragmented against woodland and mixed landscapes.^[3] Smaller motifs are used for darker disruptive layers to enhance contrast at longer ranges, while larger base elements provide broad coverage for closer encounters.^[3]

Color Scheme and Materials

The temperate variant of Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) utilizes a four-color palette optimized for woodland concealment, comprising a khaki base, dark green, brown, and black overlays to disrupt outlines against natural foliage. According to British Ministry of Defence specifications, these hues incorporate infrared (IR) reflectance tailored to reduce detection under night-vision equipment, with dark green reflecting 45±5%, khaki 60±5%, brown less than 25%, and darker elements like black less than 25% in the near-IR spectrum (700-1100 nm).^[5] This IR compliance ensures the material maintains low observability while adhering to visual camouflage requirements, as the dyes are selected to balance visible and near-IR performance without pigment prints or prohibited dyestuffs like sulphur black.^[5] The primary fabric for DPM uniforms and equipment is a satin drill weave composed of a 70% cotton and 30% polyester blend, providing a balance of comfort, strength, and ease of maintenance. This composition, specified under UK/SC/5225, achieves a minimum weight of 270 g/m² to withstand abrasion and tearing during field operations.^[5] The cotton component ensures breathability for prolonged wear in humid temperate conditions, while the polyester adds tensile strength and quick-drying properties, making it suitable for both uniforms and protective gear like smocks. Dyeing processes for DPM emphasize dyes applied to the cotton-polyester substrate, which provide superior colorfastness against washing, light exposure, and environmental stressors, meeting or exceeding standard ratings for military textiles. These dyes enable the precise IR reflectance needed to evade detection, with controlled absorption and reflection in the near-IR range without compromising visible color integrity.^[6] Fading resistance is further bolstered by the specification's prohibition on unstable pigments, ensuring the pattern retains disruptive effectiveness over repeated use.^[5] To adapt for field conditions, DPM fabrics receive water-repellent treatments that limit water penetration to a maximum of 5 ml and absorption to 30% under Bundesmann testing, enhancing usability in wet temperate environments without fully impeding breathability. These fluoropolymer-based finishes maintain the material's vapor permeability, allowing moisture escape during exertion, while the inherent polycotton structure supports airflow.^[5] Such treatments prioritize practical longevity, with the fabric's soil-release properties aiding cleaning in operational settings.

Historical Development

Origins and Early Experiments

The evolution of disruptive camouflage in British military doctrine began in the late 19th century, transitioning from plain khaki uniforms—adopted during the Anglo-Indian campaigns and refined in the Boer War (1899–1902)—to more sophisticated concealment methods. Scottish gamekeepers' ghillie suits, which used natural materials to disrupt outlines, influenced early sniper adaptations by units like the Lovat Scouts. By World War I, the British Army formalized camouflage efforts with the establishment of a training school in London's Kensington Gardens in 1916, where artists and engineers experimented with hand-painted designs on canvas tents and observation posts. Artist Solomon J. Solomon, a pioneer in the field, developed disruptive schemes for tanks and fake tree observation posts, employing irregular brushstrokes and earth tones to break up silhouettes against trench lines; his techniques, including the 1917–1918 experimental patterns on sniper smocks, emphasized multi-element disruption over simple coloration.^[4]^[7]^[8] World War II accelerated these innovations, particularly through the 1941 introduction of the Denison smock for airborne troops and commandos, featuring hand-applied brushstroke patterns in greens, browns, and khaki to mimic woodland and hedgerow environments in Europe. Developed by Major W. Denison and trialed in operations like the North African campaign, the smock represented the first widespread British use of multi-color disruptive schemes on personal equipment, enhancing concealment during parachute drops and close-quarters combat. Similar experiments included the Special Operations Executive (SOE) jumpsuit with green and reddish-brown blotches on a khaki base, and the 1942 windproof pattern—a reversible design in olive green and brown printed on cotton for temperate zones—demonstrating a growing emphasis on adaptable, environment-specific disruption. These WWII trials underscored the superiority of irregular patterns over solid colors in reducing detection by ground and aerial observers.^[9]^[10]^[11] In the post-war era, the 1950s marked a pivotal shift toward systematic evaluation and industrialization of disruptive camouflage, driven by lessons from diverse theaters like the Malayan Emergency. The British Army continued producing Denison-style smocks with evolving brushstroke variants, but research focused on quantifying effectiveness in mixed terrains, leading to field tests that validated disruptive patterns' role in blending with foliage and shadows. Key figures, including military scientists and artists, advocated for printed fabrics to replace labor-intensive hand-painting, enabling scalable production while maintaining pattern integrity; by the late 1950s to early 1960s, screen-printing techniques were applied to windproof garments and prototype uniforms, addressing challenges in uniformity and cost for large-scale issuance. This era's experiments balanced concealment efficacy across European woodlands and Asian jungles against logistical demands, laying foundational principles for standardized disruptive materials without delving into specific operational patterns.^[4]^[12]^[2]

1960 Pattern Introduction

The development of the 1960 Pattern Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) was commissioned in 1958 by the British Ministry of Supply to create a standardized camouflage for combat uniforms, building on earlier experimental patterns from World War II and the 1950s.^[1] After extensive testing, the pattern was finalized in 1960 at facilities including the Fighting Vehicles Research and Development Establishment, where various designs were evaluated for their disruptive qualities in temperate environments.^[1] Key features of the 1960 Pattern included a three-color scheme of black, brown, and bright green shapes overlaid on a khaki or tan background, printed on lightweight cotton fabric to enhance mobility and comfort in field conditions.^[1] This design was specifically tested for efficacy in jungle and woodland settings, with trials conducted in various temperate and colonial theaters, where it demonstrated superior concealment compared to solid olive drab uniforms.^[1] The pattern's irregular, interlocking shapes aimed to break up the human outline, prioritizing versatility across European and colonial theaters.^[1] Initial deployment was limited to select British infantry units between 1960 and 1962, focusing on prototype garments such as combat smocks and trousers to gather operational feedback before wider adoption.^[1] These early issues were confined to trial cohorts in active theaters, allowing for refinements based on real-world performance data that highlighted the pattern's effectiveness in reducing visual detection at typical engagement distances.^[1] Production commenced with small-scale runs by textile firms including John Taylor & Co., to equip experimental units and support ongoing evaluations.^[1] This initial output emphasized quality control in dyeing and printing to ensure pattern consistency, marking the transition from bespoke camouflage to a semi-standardized military asset.^[1]

1968 Pattern Adoption

The 1968 Pattern Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) emerged as a refined iteration of the earlier 1960 design, incorporating enhancements to uniform construction and pattern application to better suit temperate environments and standard military needs. Drawing from operational experiences in regions like Aden and the Malaysian theater, where the 1960 pattern had been trialed, developers adjusted the color palette for improved balance in European winter conditions, emphasizing darker greens and browns against khaki to enhance blending in woodland and mixed terrains. These changes addressed feedback on visibility and durability during prolonged field use, making the pattern more versatile for home defense scenarios post-colonial withdrawals. The 1968 temperate DPM featured a more intricate arrangement of spots and overlays, with refined sizing of disruptive elements—smaller, more varied spots overlaid on base colors of light khaki, medium green, dark brown, and black—to break up outlines more effectively at medium ranges. Issued as part of the No. 8 Temperate Combat Dress family, it included jackets, trousers, and helmet covers, all printed in the non-reversible DPM fabric of higher-quality cotton sateen with a lighter lining for comfort. The design also adopted a stand-up collar inspired by the Airborne Forces' Denison smock for better weather resistance.^[13] Rollout began in 1968, with general issue expanding through 1972 to all British Army branches, including infantry, armored, and support units, marking the first universal camouflage uniform adoption. By 1970, production had scaled significantly, supporting widespread distribution amid Cold War preparations.^[14] In operations, the 1968 Pattern saw extensive deployment during The Troubles in Northern Ireland from 1969 onward, where it provided effective concealment in rural and urban fringes, and in pre-Falklands training exercises leading to its use in the 1982 conflict. Field studies indicated a notable reduction in detection rates, validating the refinements over the 1960 Pattern.^[14]^[13]

Post-1968 Evolutions

Following the adoption of the 1968 pattern, Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) underwent several enhancements in the 1970s to address emerging threats from night vision technology. In the 1980s, a near-infrared (NIR) reflective variant was introduced specifically to reduce visibility under image intensifiers.^[4] This modification adjusted the dye formulations in the fabric to better match natural foliage reflectance in the NIR spectrum, improving concealment during low-light conditions without altering the visible woodland appearance.^[15] During the 1980s and 1990s, material and design refinements focused on durability and functionality. The introduction of polycotton blends around 1985, as seen in the Pattern 1984 (P84) uniforms, provided greater resistance to wear and tear while maintaining breathability, informed by lessons from the Falklands War.^[4] The 1985 pattern windproof smock, featuring velcro cuffs, reinforced seams, and a lightweight construction, became a standard issue for field use, offering protection against wind and light rain in temperate environments.^[16] By the 1990s, trials with digital printing techniques aimed to produce sharper pattern edges and more precise color registration, as explored in short-lived Pattern 1994 prototypes, though these were not widely adopted before the shift to unified systems.^[4] DPM was increasingly integrated into broader equipment sets to ensure cohesive camouflage across personal and support items. The 1990 Personal Load Carrying Equipment (PLCE) system incorporated DPM-printed cordura pouches and harnesses for temperate use, replacing earlier canvas webbing and allowing modular attachment of ammunition, utility, and medical pouches.^[17] This extended to vehicle netting and tentage, where DPM-dyed synthetic meshes and polycotton covers were applied to hides, bashas, and command post shelters, enhancing unit-level concealment during field deployments.^[18] Doctrinal developments in the 1980s emphasized DPM's multi-terrain versatility, driven by Cold War exercises simulating NATO-Warsaw Pact confrontations in varied European landscapes. The pattern's adaptability supported integrated operations, from woodland patrols to open exercises, aligning with broader British Army shifts toward flexible, all-environment readiness under the Soldier 95 initiative.^[4]

Variants and Adaptations

Temperate and Woodland Types

The temperate variant of Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) employs a standard palette of khaki or tan background overlaid with black, brown, and bright green irregular shapes, optimized for blending in UK and European woodland environments. This design disrupts outlines at close to medium ranges, with brushstroke-like edges on the motifs enhancing natural integration among foliage and undergrowth. The 1968 pattern, introduced as part of the No. 8 Temperate Combat Dress, featured these elements in a medium-weight fabric suitable for cooler climates, while the 1985 pattern refined the motif scaling and color saturation for improved versatility in mixed terrains.^[1]^[13] In the 1980s, British forces trialed experimental variants of DPM for denser forest canopies. These variants were tested but not broadly adopted, remaining limited to experimental uniforms due to sufficient performance of the core four-color disruptive elements in most temperate scenarios.^[1] Scale variations in DPM application distinguish personal gear from larger assets; personal uniforms and equipment use smaller motif repeats around 25-30 cm to conform to human silhouettes, whereas vehicle camouflage employs larger patterns with approximately 50 cm repeats to break up the contours of tanks and trucks in woodland settings. Performance evaluations from 1970s-1990s trials demonstrated high concealment efficacy in deciduous and mixed woodlands at mid-range visibility (50-200 meters), with the pattern outperforming solid colors by reducing detection rates in vegetative cover. Coniferous terrains showed slightly lower efficacy due to needle contrast, prompting minor adjustments in later iterations.^[4]^[2]

Desert and Specialized Environments

The desert variant of Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM), developed in the 1980s, featured a specialized palette of tan, brown, and green hues based on British Standard BS 381C colors Nos. 361 (Light Stone), 219 (Dark Sand), 225 (Dark Brown), and 348 (Pea Green) to better blend with arid landscapes containing sparse vegetation.^[1] This adaptation evolved from the post-1968 temperate DPM base pattern but prioritized earth tones for enhanced disruption in sandy and rocky terrains. The fabric incorporated sand-resistant treatments to withstand abrasive desert conditions, making it suitable for prolonged exposure in hot, dusty environments.^[1] Development of the desert DPM began in the 1970s through tests conducted by the Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment (RARDE) in Oman, where prototypes demonstrated improved concealment effectiveness compared to standard temperate DPM in arid settings.^[1] These trials informed the pattern's refinement for operational readiness, leading to its issuance to British forces in preparation for potential Middle Eastern conflicts, including the 1991 Gulf War. However, early versions faced challenges with heat retention due to denser weaves, which were later mitigated by adopting lighter fabrics weighing 180 g/m² to improve breathability without compromising durability.^[1] A tropical variant of DPM, introduced in the 1970s, used lighter and brighter greens and browns on a paler base for jungle operations, providing better concealment in humid, vegetated environments such as those encountered in Malaysia and Borneo. This pattern was applied to lightweight uniforms and equipment for forces operating in Southeast Asian theaters.^[1] Beyond the primary desert and tropical adaptations, specialized DPM variants were explored for non-standard environments in the 1990s and beyond. Arctic trials involved white-overprint designs applied over the base DPM to provide reversible camouflage for snow-covered terrains, allowing quick adaptation between whiteout conditions and transitional zones.^[4] Post-1991 experiments included urban gray iterations, shifting the palette to muted grays and blacks for built-up areas, often integrated into reversible smocks that enabled users to switch sides for mixed urban-desert or transitional environments. These innovations aimed to extend DPM's versatility but remained limited to trial phases, addressing the limitations of the core pattern in extreme or hybrid settings.^[4]

International Derivatives

Following the core principles of disruptive coloration to break up outlines in temperate environments, several allied nations adapted British Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) for their own use, producing localized variants that maintained the three- or four-color scheme while adjusting for regional needs.^[1] New Zealand introduced its version of DPM in the early 1980s, with the first uniforms issued between 1980 and 1983, featuring a similar three-color disruptive pattern but utilizing locally sourced fabrics and dyes to better suit Pacific terrains.^[19] These adaptations included variations in brown tones—often a darker or more golden-yellow shade on a grass green base—to align with New Zealand's varied vegetation and tropical climates, differing from the standard British palette.^[19] The pattern, sometimes referred to as the New Zealand disruptive pattern material, was applied to ANZAC-style uniforms and remained in service through the 1990s and into the 2000s, with a standardized version emerging in 1996 that incorporated black, dark brown, and golden-yellow elements.^[19] Portugal adopted a direct copy of British DPM in the 1980s, issuing it to its armed forces including paratroopers and marine units as a cost-effective woodland camouflage for post-colonial operations and training.^[20] This variant retained the original black, brown, and green motifs on a khaki base, produced in heavy cotton for durability in European and African holdover environments, and saw widespread use into the 1990s.^[20] Other European derivatives emerged in the late 20th century, such as Romania's M2002 pattern, an identical reproduction of British DPM introduced in 2002 for its army's temperate uniforms, emphasizing simplicity and low production costs.^[21] Similarly, Ireland's DPM, officially issued from 2000, was a four-color adaptation (black, reddish-brown, olive green, and light green) designed by the Belgian firm Seyntex to enhance blending in Irish woodlands, incorporating subtle modifications for urban edges without altering the disruptive core.^[22] These copies often featured metric scaling in printing and fabrication to align with continental standards, contrasting with the imperial measurements in Commonwealth productions.^[21] The spread of DPM derivatives was facilitated by informal technology transfers and licensing agreements among NATO allies following the 1982 Falklands War, where the pattern's effectiveness was demonstrated, prioritizing affordability and ease of manufacture over major innovations.^[23] By the mid-1980s, exports and local productions had equipped tens of thousands of allied personnel, underscoring DPM's role as a versatile, exportable standard for non-innovative camouflage needs.^[21]

Adoption and Users

British and Commonwealth Forces

The Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM), particularly the 1968 pattern, became the standard camouflage for the British Army following its widespread issuance starting in 1969, remaining in service across infantry, paratroopers, and other units until its phase-out in favor of the Multi-Terrain Pattern around 2010.^[4] This adoption marked a shift to a unified woodland camouflage suitable for European theaters, equipping personnel during key Cold War exercises and deployments such as those in Northern Ireland and the Falklands War. By the mid-1980s, the British Army's regular strength peaked at approximately 155,000 personnel, all of whom were issued DPM combat uniforms as standard field dress.^[24] The Royal Marines, as part of the Naval Service, also adopted DPM in the same period, using the woodland variant for landing parties and amphibious operations from the 1970s through the 2000s.^[4] Adaptations for shipboard use included lightweight versions of the No. 9 Tropical Combat Dress in DPM, which provided concealment in varied coastal and jungle environments during exercises and missions. Among Commonwealth forces, adoption varied but drew from British precedents. Australia conducted limited trials of DPM-inspired patterns in the 1980s, though it did not become standard issue. Canada experimented with a modified DPM in the early 1980s to align with NATO interoperability, issuing it partially to units before transitioning to indigenous CADPAT designs. New Zealand fully integrated British-style DPM starting in 1980 for its army combat uniforms, maintaining it as the primary pattern until the introduction of the New Zealand Multi-Camouflage Uniform in the mid-2000s.^[19] DPM was integrated into British and Commonwealth training doctrines, with manuals emphasizing its role in temperate woodland concealment during field exercises and tactical maneuvers.

Other National Militaries

The Netherlands, a key NATO ally, adopted a variant of British Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) in 1991 after trials evaluating camouflage effectiveness for European woodlands and temperate environments. This M91 pattern, a locally produced copy, equipped Dutch Army units during joint NATO exercises in the 1980s and 1990s, where it enhanced concealment in mixed terrain during operations like REFORGER exercises, with reports noting its superior disruption against visual detection compared to prior olive drab uniforms.^[25]^[26] In the Middle East and Africa, some Jordanian Public Security Directorate (PSD) units utilized copies of UK-pattern DPM. Similarly, Kenyan Defence Forces and police units adopted DPM smocks in the 1980s, supplied via Commonwealth-linked aid but tailored for East African bush and savanna counter-insurgency, replacing earlier solid-color uniforms for improved tactical blending in operations against insurgent groups. Effectiveness assessments from these adoptions highlighted DPM's versatility in disrupting outlines amid sparse vegetation.^[27]^[28] Asian national militaries, notably India's paramilitary forces, integrated DPM adaptations in the 1990s for high-altitude border operations along the Himalayan frontiers. The Border Security Force (BSF) and other units employed a "palm frond" variant of DPM, featuring darker green and brown overlaps to mimic forested and rocky terrains during conflicts like the Kargil operations, where it provided effective concealment against aerial and ground observation. This pattern, influenced by British designs through historical ties, was procured via UK exports totaling significant volumes in the 1980s-1990s, supporting joint exercises and aid packages that emphasized NATO-compatible equipment. Reports from these border engagements underscored DPM's role in reducing detection rates in diverse elevations.^[29]^[30] Other nations that adopted DPM include Bulgaria, Indonesia, Oman, Portugal, and Yemen, often through licensed production or surplus acquisition.^[1]

Non-State and Irregular Users

Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) has been employed by various non-state actors, including insurgent groups and militias, often through captured stocks, surplus acquisitions, or illicit channels. In Sierra Leone's civil war (1991–2002), the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), a rebel group led by figures akin to warlords such as Foday Sankoh, made extensive use of British DPM camouflage, including temperate and desert variants, sourced from multiple suppliers including surplus markets. This adoption allowed RUF fighters to blend into diverse environments during guerrilla operations in rural and forested areas. Similarly, irregular forces worldwide have incorporated DPM via captured British equipment or post-Cold War surplus, enhancing their tactical concealment in low-intensity conflicts. Post-Cold War demobilizations led to significant British military surplus entering global markets, with DPM items appearing in black market trade accessible to mercenaries and private militias. These surplus garments, valued for their durability and proven disruptive design, were particularly sought after in African conflicts where formal supply chains were disrupted. Mercenaries operating in regions like West Africa utilized such gear to maintain operational camouflage without relying on state-issued uniforms. Tactically, DPM excels in low-tech environments by breaking up human outlines against natural backgrounds, providing effective visual disruption for rural ambushes or patrols where detection relies on unaided eyesight. However, its limitations become evident against modern sensors; as a purely visual pattern, DPM offers no protection against thermal infrared imaging, which detects heat signatures regardless of optical blending, rendering it vulnerable in sensor-equipped operations.

Decline and Replacement

Factors Leading to Phase-Out

The phase-out of Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) in British forces began in the early 2000s, driven primarily by its limitations in concealing personnel in diverse operational environments. Developed in the post-1968 era for temperate and woodland environments, DPM exhibited reduced effectiveness in mixed terrains, as demonstrated in field trials incorporating aerial and scientific photography. These evaluations, conducted in locations including the UK, Cyprus, Kenya, and Afghanistan, highlighted DPM's challenges in blending across varied landscapes like those in Afghanistan.^[31] Doctrinal shifts following the 9/11 attacks further accelerated DPM's decline, as British operations transitioned from Cold War-era European scenarios to versatile global engagements in arid, urban, and mixed terrains, such as those encountered in Iraq and Afghanistan. Feedback from troops in Helmand Province underscored DPM's inadequacy in the "green zone"—irrigated farmlands amid desert landscapes—where its temperate-focused design offered poor blending compared to specialized desert variants, leading to heightened visibility and criticism over uniform suitability. This operational feedback prompted a reevaluation of camouflage doctrine, emphasizing adaptability to diverse environments over specialized patterns.^[32]^[33] The timeline for DPM's drawdown commenced with initial trials in the late 2000s, including laboratory assessments and computer modeling, culminating in the introduction of its replacement in April 2010 as an urgent operational requirement for deploying personnel. Rollout expanded across the British Armed Forces from 2011, achieving full implementation by 2012, with DPM stocks gradually depleted and intended for complete phase-out among regular and reserve forces by 2016. The phase-out was largely completed by the early 2020s, and as of 2025, DPM is no longer in active operational service, though legacy stocks may persist in training or reserve units. By this point, over four decades of service had rendered DPM's maintenance burdensome in harsh climates, though specific cost escalations were not publicly detailed in procurement reports.^[31]^[34]^[1]

Successors and Lasting Influence

The primary successor to Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) within British Armed Forces was the Multi-Terrain Pattern (MTP), introduced in 2010 as part of the Personal Load Carrying Equipment (PLCE) update and the Combat Soldier '95 (CS95) uniform system. Developed in collaboration with Crye Precision, MTP integrates the blended color palette and micro-patterns of the U.S. MultiCam with DPM's characteristic large disruptive spots, enhancing versatility for operations across temperate, arid, and transitional environments like those encountered in Afghanistan.^[23]^[35] Other Commonwealth militaries followed suit with analogous shifts in the 2010s. The New Zealand Defence Force, for instance, replaced its DPM-based uniforms with the Multi-Camouflage Uniform (MCU) in 2013, adopting a proprietary multi-terrain design from HyperStealth Biotechnology Corp. to better suit diverse operational theaters.^[36] In British service, DPM was systematically phased out for regular and reserve units by approximately 2016, though niche applications such as jungle-pattern variants persisted in training and legacy stocks into the 2020s.^[1] DPM's enduring legacy lies in its foundational contributions to disruptive camouflage theory, influencing the design of subsequent patterns that prioritize edge-breaking and environmental blending. Canadian forces, which employed a localized DPM variant from the 1980s, drew on these principles when developing the digital CADPAT (Canadian Disruptive Pattern) in the late 1990s, marking a shift toward pixelated disruptives while retaining core concepts of multi-color fragmentation.^[37] This influence extended globally, with DPM motifs and methodologies informing adaptations in over 100 nations' patterns documented through the early 2000s, as detailed in comprehensive camouflage histories.^[38] In the 2020s, retrospective analyses affirm DPM's role in shaping modern camouflage evaluation, with studies on disruptive coloration crediting analog patterns like it for advancing visual concealment metrics in complex terrains, even as digital and adaptive systems dominate.^[39] Archival examples of DPM uniforms and fabrics are preserved in institutions such as the Imperial War Museum, underscoring its historical significance as a benchmark in military material science and design evolution.

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Netherlands - Camopedia
May 19, 2025 · The Dutch Army (Koninklijke Landmacht) introduced its own version of British DPM in 1993 after a series of trials begun with the M-93 uniform.Missing: digital | Show results with:digital
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Dutch Army M91 Disruptive Pattern Material | Joint Forces News
Mar 21, 2020 · After four decades of mostly issuing just Olive Drab combat uniforms, in 1991 the Dutch Army converted to a variation of British Disruptive Pattern Material.
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Jordan - Camopedia
May 9, 2022 · The first six designs, each incorporating a tiny image of the outline of Jordan within the camouflage design, were first issued to Jordanian personnel in 2005.
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https://www.camopedia.org/index.php/India
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Kenya - Camopedia
Kenya's first national camouflage pattern was a copy of the British DPM pattern made for export by a British company. Variations of this design have been ...Missing: 1960 development trials Borneo
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India - Camopedia
Jun 23, 2025 · Another variation of the standard DPM pattern having a brown-dominant colorway is documented in use by the Border Security Force (BSF). The ...
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Explained: The Evolution Of The Indian Army Uniform » - DefenceXP
Jan 14, 2022 · In the early 2000s, the Indian army adopted the modern PC DPM camouflage pattern. Here DPM stands for Distributed Pattern Material. Around ...
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New camouflage arrives in Afghanistan - GOV.UK
May 21, 2010 · The camouflage is intended to help British troops blend into Afghanistan's varied terrain. It was trialled in laboratory tests and field ...
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British troops to get new all-terrain camouflage kit
### Summary of New British Army Camouflage Kit
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New Camouflage For UK Forces in Afghanistan - Army Technology
May 25, 2010 · The multiterrain pattern (MTP) camouflage is specifically designed to help soldiers blend in with their surroundings in Helmand Province while ...
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DPM out after 40 years – UK adopts new “Multi-Terrain Pattern ...
Dec 18, 2009 · UK Armed Forces will be issued with combat clothing in a new camouflage optimised for operations in Afghanistan and across a wide range of environments.
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New British MTP Camouflage pattern to Replace DPM.
Dec 20, 2009 · British MOD announced today that they will be phasing out the well used DPM and Desert DPM for a new pattern, this pattern was developed by Crye Precision.
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New Zealand Army selects Hyperstealth/ADS Inc. Camouflage after ...
The New Zealand Army has formally announced their new Multi Terrain Camouflage Uniform (MCU pattern) to replace their current DPM and DDPM.
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DPM - Disruptive Pattern Material: Blechman, Hardy - Amazon.com
DPM - Disruptive Pattern Material [Blechman, Hardy] on Amazon.com. *FREE ... This encyclopedic art book charts the history of camouflage from its ...
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Efficiency Analysis of Disruptive Color in Military Camouflage ... - MDPI
This study found that mixed disruptive colors significantly improved camouflage effectiveness in forest backgrounds (with a 15% increase in first discovery ...Missing: DPM | Show results with:DPM