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Dmitry Itskov

Dmitry Itskov (born September 1980) is a Russian entrepreneur and multimillionaire who founded the in February 2011, a dedicated to developing technologies for transferring human to artificial carriers, with the aim of achieving cybernetic immortality by 2045. Born in to a father who directed musical theater, Itskov graduated from the corporate management faculty of the Plekhanov Russian Academy of Economics, where he later built his wealth through media ventures, including as president of New Media Stars, which operates online news outlets. The 2045 Initiative outlines a phased roadmap beginning with artificial organs and life-support systems by the mid-2020s, progressing to controlled avatars housing human brains by 2030, holographic avatars by 2040, and full uploading thereafter, positioning these advancements as a new evolutionary strategy for humanity amid global challenges. Itskov has organized annual Global Future 2045 congresses to convene researchers in neural interfaces, , and , while issuing open letters urging global elites to fund the project. Despite attracting media attention and collaborations with specialists, the initiative's ambitious timelines remain unfulfilled as of 2025, reflecting the speculative nature of whole-brain emulation and persistent technical hurdles in and integration. Itskov's efforts embody transhumanist aspirations for transcending biological limits, though critics highlight ethical concerns over preservation and societal implications of such radical .

Early Life and Education

Upbringing in Russia

Dmitry Itskov was born in in , a city approximately 230 miles southwest of in the . He was raised in by parents whose professions reflected the era's cultural and service sectors: his father directed musical theater, while his mother worked as a cosmetologist. As a child during the in the waning years of the , Itskov exhibited early ambitions tied to scientific achievement, aspiring to become a cosmonaut and explore . This interest stemmed from exposure to literature, notably a novel depicting a who attained via a pill and perpetual around , which led Itskov to contemplate the implications of eternal existence. Such formative readings in Bryansk's provincial setting foreshadowed his later pursuits in , though no records indicate direct involvement in space-related activities or exceptional academic performance during this period.

Academic Background

Dmitry Itskov attended the Plekhanov Russian Academy of Economics, a leading institution for economic studies in , where he pursued studies in corporate . During his time there, he met Konstantin Rykov, who later became his business partner in media ventures. Itskov graduated from the corporate faculty of the academy, which provided foundational training in business and economic principles that informed his subsequent entrepreneurial career. No public records indicate advanced degrees or academic research pursuits beyond this undergraduate-level education.

Business Career

Establishment of New Media Stars

Dmitry Itskov co-founded New Media Stars, a digital media holding company specializing in web-based content and platforms, in the early alongside partners including Konstantin Rykov and Mark Okhman. The venture capitalized on the burgeoning market in , aggregating and producing online media properties focused on , , and content. Itskov's role emphasized and operational management, positioning the company as a key player in the shift from traditional to digital media consumption. By 2005, while actively expanding New Media Stars, Itskov encountered a profound personal insight regarding human finitude, prompting reflections that would later shape his transhumanist pursuits, though the company continued to prioritize commercial growth. Under his leadership, the firm scaled to approximately 250 employees, managing multiple online outlets without reliance on state funding, which distinguished it amid Russia's media landscape dominated by government-influenced entities. This organic expansion leveraged targeted digital advertising and content aggregation, yielding substantial revenues from high-traffic sites. The establishment and success of New Media Stars transformed Itskov into a multimillionaire, with the company's profitability derived from efficient online operations rather than legacy print or broadcast models. He served as president until March 2012, after which he transitioned focus to broader endeavors, leaving behind a entity that exemplified early . Claims of status from less verified outlets contrast with more conservative estimates from financial publications, underscoring the opacity of private valuations.

Growth and Wealth Accumulation

Itskov expanded New Media Stars into a prominent online media , focusing on web-based and aggregation during the rapid growth of in in the . The company operated multiple digital outlets, including Vzglyad.ru, and grew to employ approximately 250 staff members by the early , with Itskov overseeing and operations. This expansion capitalized on the shift from traditional to digital , enabling the firm to capture significant audience share in a market where online readership surged alongside increasing penetration. The success of New Media Stars generated substantial revenue through advertising and content syndication, transforming Itskov from an early entrant in Russia's sector into a wealthy entrepreneur by his early 30s. Reports describe him as having amassed a fortune exceeding $1 billion from the venture, though Itskov himself declined to disclose precise financial details, and some analyses questioned the billionaire label as unverified self-promotion amid opaque disclosures. His accumulated wealth, derived primarily from equity stakes and profits in the holding, provided the independent funding necessary to launch the in without initial reliance on external investors. By 2013, Itskov had personally invested at least $3 million into the 2045 project, demonstrating the scale of his media-derived resources and his shift toward applying to speculative scientific endeavors. This wealth accumulation reflected strategic positioning in a nascent , where New Media Stars benefited from low entry barriers for online platforms and high demand for independent news content in post-Soviet .

Launch of the 2045 Initiative

Founding Motivations

Dmitry Itskov founded the in February 2011, driven primarily by a desire to enable the transfer of human consciousness into artificial substrates, thereby achieving cybernetic and extending life indefinitely beyond biological limits. This motivation stemmed from his recognition of death as a solvable technological problem, particularly after witnessing family members' deaths and observing figures like Stephen Hawking's prolonged suffering due to physical decline. Itskov articulated that the initiative aimed to offer individuals on the brink of death the option to preserve their and personality through advanced and , potentially allowing lifespans of 200–300 years or more. Following his success in building a media empire, Itskov experienced a profound shift in worldview, transitioning from wealth accumulation to pursuing a higher purpose that integrated with . Influenced by consultations with spiritual masters, he sought to understand the nature of the , , and human , viewing the initiative as a means to blend breakthroughs with ethical and . This personal epiphany compelled him to launch a "science mega-project" that would not only conquer aging and mortality but also foster a new for human development, making technologies accessible beyond the elite. Itskov's broader vision encompassed addressing humanity's existential challenges, such as , resource scarcity, and ethical dilemmas of mortality, by accelerating the of both and through reverse-engineering the brain and developing avatars. He positioned the as a to unite scientists, philosophers, and policymakers in creating a post-biological future, emphasizing that traditional evolutionary paths were insufficient for global crises. This humanitarian drive was rooted in his belief that breakthrough technologies could elevate , informed by his entrepreneurial experience in mobilizing resources for large-scale impact.

Core Objectives and Timeline

The core objectives of the , as articulated by founder Dmitry Itskov, center on developing technologies to transfer an individual's and to a non-biological carrier, enabling indefinite up to . This pursuit aims to overcome biological by creating advanced avatars—robotic or digital bodies—that preserve human identity beyond the limitations of organic tissue. A secondary goal involves formulating a broader strategy for that addresses existential risks and civilizational challenges, such as resource scarcity and mortality-driven conflicts, through cybernetic enhancement. The initiative's timeline is framed around the , divided into sequential phases culminating in full by 2045. A (targeted for 2015–2020) focuses on constructing an anthropomorphic controllable via brain-computer for remote , laying groundwork for neural . B (2020–2025) envisions transplanting a living into a robotic equipped with life-support systems to sustain vital functions, potentially extending lifespan to 200 years. C (2025–2035) targets high-resolution brain scanning and to onto computational substrates, achieving digital replication of the . Finally, D (2035–2045) seeks to project uploaded into holographic forms capable of manipulating physical matter, realizing holographic . These stages build progressively on , , and computational modeling, with Itskov estimating initial prototypes within a decade of the 's 2011 launch.

Implementation and Progress of the 2045 Initiative

Project Phases

The 2045 Initiative's Avatar project is structured around four sequential phases, each advancing toward the goal of transferring human consciousness to non-biological substrates for indefinite extension of life. These phases build progressively from remote robotic control to full emulation and holographic embodiment, with targeted timelines reflecting optimistic projections based on anticipated in , , and computing. Avatar A (2015–2020): This initial phase focuses on developing an anthropomorphic capable of being controlled remotely via a brain-computer interface (BCI), allowing a human operator to inhabit and direct the 's actions in . The robot would replicate human form and mobility to enable applications such as hazardous work or medical rehabilitation, serving as a foundational step to decouple physical presence from biological embodiment without altering the brain itself. Avatar B (2020–2025): Subsequent development targets integration of the with robotic life-support systems, including transplantation of a into a durable artificial to extend biological viability beyond natural organ failure. Sub-elements include non-invasive and invasive neural interfaces, cultured connections, and metempsychosis-like relocation of within a preserved , aiming to create a where vital functions are artificially sustained while maintaining original neural substrate. Avatar C (2030–2035): This stage envisions rebaining, or the creation of synthetic carriers for personality and through high-resolution scanning and computational of the 's structure and dynamics. The goal is to replicate an individual's mind digitally, enabling operation within simulated environments or advanced robotic hosts, contingent on breakthroughs in whole-brain and nanoscale to capture synaptic and molecular details without physical brain preservation. Avatar D (2040–2045): The culminating phase proposes full replacement of biological and emulated forms with a non-physical, hologram-like embodying the transferred , allowing existence in virtual or realities unbound by material constraints. This would require seamless integration of emulated minds into holographic technologies, purportedly achieving by obviating decay-prone substrates entirely.

Conferences and Collaborations

The 2045 Initiative organized the inaugural Global Future 2045 International Congress in in February 2012, drawing over 1,500 participants and 50 speakers from nations including the , , and to discuss humanity's evolutionary trajectory amid 21st-century challenges. A follow-up congress occurred on June 15–16, 2013, at in City's , where attendees explored strategies integrating scientific and spiritual revolutions, including demonstrations of advanced robotics and brain-computer interfaces. Key speakers included roboticists and David Hanson, alongside philosophers, ethicists, experts, and representatives from interfaith panels addressing consciousness transfer and non-biological substrates. These congresses served as platforms to advance the Initiative's Avatar mega-project, emphasizing technologies for transferring human personality to artificial carriers while promoting ethical and cultural frameworks for post-biological existence. In conjunction with the events, Itskov and 22 prominent scientists, technologists, entrepreneurs, and spiritual leaders issued an open letter to the Secretary-General in March 2013, urging global adoption of a new human development paradigm centered on cybernetic and ethical . The Initiative's collaborations extend to assembling networks of researchers in neural interfaces, , and , beginning with Russian specialists hired in and expanding internationally to include experts in androids and . Itskov has pursued dialogues with global figures, securing endorsements such as the Dalai Lama's support for the Avatar Project in as a means to harmonize scientific progress with spiritual insights on . These efforts aim to forge multidisciplinary partnerships, though progress has relied heavily on Itskov's funding rather than institutional grants, with initial teams comprising around 30 researchers focused on prototype avatars.

Intellectual Contributions and Views

Philosophy of Consciousness and Immortality

Dmitry Itskov regards the nature of as central to comprehending the itself, asserting that "if you understand what is, you basically understand what the is." He views as uniquely individual, shaped by the brain's perceptual mechanisms, yet sufficiently tied to neural processes that it can potentially be digitized and transferred to artificial substrates. In line with this, Itskov identifies decoding as one of humanity's most formidable intellectual challenges, integral to the later phases of his project, which envisions replicating the mind's functions in non-biological forms. Itskov's philosophy of immortality stems from a conviction that biological limitations, exacerbated by faltering natural selection, threaten human degradation, necessitating technological transcendence to preserve the species. He proposes achieving indefinite lifespan extension through progressive steps: initial robotic prostheses for the brain, followed by full mind uploading into android avatars or hologram hosts, culminating in the "transfer of a conscious mind into a hologram-like host." This process, he argues, would serve as a "full-body prosthesis" for the human brain, enabling survival beyond organic decay and freeing individuals for spiritual and intellectual pursuits in a post-biological era. Underlying these ideas is an optimistic , where human problems—rooted in the interplay of body and —can be resolved by solutions that elevate to "neohumanity." Itskov emphasizes ethical accessibility, aiming to democratize these advancements rather than restrict them to elites, though he acknowledges the speculative nature of mind transfer, which assumes 's computational replicability without empirical validation to date. His framework integrates transhumanist principles with calls for interdisciplinary , including with religious figures, to address existential implications.

Engagement with Science and Religion

Itskov has articulated a vision in which and are not in conflict but mutually reinforcing, particularly in the pursuit of and through technologies like transfer. In a statement responding to media coverage of the nascent , he asserted that "religion should not stand against scientific and technological progress – and need to complement each other," emphasizing their potential synergy in addressing existential challenges such as mortality. This stance reflects his broader effort to integrate empirical technological development with metaphysical inquiries into , viewing the latter as a frontier where scientific breakthroughs could illuminate traditionally religious concepts like the soul or eternal life. The , under Itskov's direction, has actively promoted to explore the ethical and philosophical ramifications of its goals, including avatar-based . An address to supporters in underscored this approach, stating that "this transition [to post-biological existence] will be possible for if and help each other, pursuing a common great goal." The organization's official resources include dedicated sections on interfaith engagement, accommodating diverse member interpretations of concepts such as , , and without endorsing a singular . Itskov has sought input from representatives of major religious traditions on the political and moral implications of mind-uploading and robotic embodiment, aiming to foster consensus on how these innovations might align with spiritual aspirations for . Central to Itskov's reconciliation of and is the study of , which he regards as pivotal to understanding both the material universe and human essence. In interviews, he has described as a "side effect" of enhancing , positioning technological immortality not as a rejection of spiritual growth but as a tool for its amplification—potentially bridging empirical with religious ideals of eternal self-improvement. This perspective critiques materialist while avoiding claims, instead proposing that rigorous scientific decoding of could validate or expand upon religious intuitions about non-physical continuity after biological death. Critics, however, note that such risks subordinating empirical rigor to unfalsifiable spiritual hopes, though Itskov maintains the Initiative's focus remains on verifiable technological milestones.

Criticisms and Scientific Scrutiny

Feasibility Doubts and Empirical Gaps

Dobromir Rahnev has described the 2045 Initiative's target date for consciousness transfer as unrealistic, estimating that , if feasible at all, remains 100 to 200 years away due to insurmountable technical barriers in and simulation. The consists of approximately 86 billion neurons interconnected by trillions of synapses, yet non-destructive, high-resolution mapping at the synaptic level has only been achieved for simpler organisms like the , whose was partially reconstructed in 2023 after decades of effort. Empirical progress lags far behind: simulations of the worm C. elegans, with its 302 neurons, have replicated basic behaviors but failed to demonstrate subjective or full fidelity to the original organism's dynamics, highlighting gaps in even rudimentary emulation. Theoretical Kenneth D. Miller argues that digital replication would require capturing not just connectivity but molecular-scale details and dynamic processes, as the brain's , noisy analog computations resist simplification into discrete code without losing essential functionality. Philosophers and biologists like Nicholas emphasize an unbridgeable risk: even perfect structural emulation may produce a non-conscious rather than transferred , as no empirical test verifies subjective experience in silicon substrates, rendering uploading a gamble akin to under biological irreducibility views. The "hard problem" of consciousness—explaining from physical processes—persists without resolution, with no demonstrated transfer of phenomenal experience from biological to artificial systems, underscoring causal unknowns in replicating first-person phenomenology. These gaps persist despite advances in , as current models emulate sans evidenced , per critiques from computational skeptics.

Ethical and Societal Debates

Ethical debates surrounding Dmitry Itskov's 2045 Initiative center on the potential exacerbation of social inequalities, as cybernetic immortality technologies may initially be accessible only to the affluent, creating a class of "god-like" immortals while the majority remain mortal, as warned by historian Yuval Noah Harari in discussions of similar projects. Critics contend this could entrench economic divides, with resurrection or uploading serving as tools for coercion or privilege, further polarizing societies between enhanced elites and others. Proponents, including Itskov, assert that the initiative aims for universal affordability, but skeptics highlight the historical pattern of advanced technologies favoring the wealthy first. Questions of arise from , where digital copies could be forked, edited, or multiplied, potentially eroding the continuity of self and raising issues of and ; for instance, rewinding or backing up might undermine individual and psychological . Such processes challenge traditional notions of human essence, prompting debates over whether uploaded minds retain true or merely simulate it, with risks of fragmentation in a post-biological era. Societally, indefinite life extension via the initiative could strain resources through unchecked in virtual or robotic forms, necessitating reevaluation of economic, political, and environmental systems to avert and . Even if achieved, persistent human flaws—such as embedded in thought patterns—might perpetuate social ills without biological mortality to enforce renewal, potentially leading to cultural stagnation or a of finite life. The initiative's advocates, recognizing these transformations, have proposed developing new ethical frameworks and even a religious paradigm to manage immortality's implications, as existing norms may prove inadequate. Philosophically and religiously, the pursuit of cybernetic immortality invites scrutiny for defying natural cycles, potentially conflicting with doctrines viewing mortality as integral to growth or divine order. Itskov has sought dialogue with major faiths through forums like the Global Future 2045 congress, emphasizing tolerance while advocating for global discourse, including UN resolutions, to integrate considerations. Nonetheless, broader enhancements tied to the project evoke concerns, such as selective genetic modifications, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary in transitioning to a post-human .

Personal Life

Family and Lifestyle

Itskov was raised in , a city approximately 230 miles southwest of , by his father Ilya Itskov, who directed musical theater, and his mother, a schoolteacher. As of 2013, Itskov had no spouse or children and expressed no immediate plans to start a family, prioritizing his professional pursuits in longevity research over traditional domestic commitments. Itskov resides primarily in but spends only about one week per month at his home there, allocating the majority of his time to international travel and maintaining a small office in to facilitate collaborations on the . His lifestyle reflects a nomadic focus on global scientific networks rather than fixed domestic routines. He adheres to a rigorous dietary regimen that excludes , , , alcohol, and cold water, adopted not primarily for cardiovascular concerns but aligned with his broader philosophical views on human optimization and . This ascetic approach underscores his commitment to extending biological limits through disciplined personal practices.

Net Worth and Assets

Dmitry Itskov derived his primary wealth from establishing New Media Stars, a Moscow-based online media company founded around 2008 that operates multiple news websites and generates revenue mainly through . The company's growth enabled Itskov, who handled and management of its approximately 250 employees, to transition from media entrepreneurship to funding speculative scientific endeavors without relying on external government subsidies. Public estimates of Itskov's remain unverified and inconsistent, with some outlets labeling him a based on inferred company performance, while others, including detailed profiles, describe him as a multimillionaire whose closely guarded supports personal investments but lacks confirmation from financial rankings like ' billionaire lists. No audited or recent disclosures provide precise figures, reflecting the opacity common in enterprises. Itskov has channeled portions of his wealth into the 2045 Initiative, personally investing at least $3 million by 2013 to hire scientists and initiate avatar-related research, with commitments to expend significantly more on extending human lifespan through technological means. Specific assets beyond these project allocations, such as holdings or diversified investments, are not detailed in available reports.

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