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Gerik

Gerik (also spelled Grik) is a mukim and the administrative capital of Hulu Perak District in the northern Malaysian state of Perak.^[1]^[2] The town, situated in a valley along the East-West Highway (Federal Route 4), serves as a key rest stop—earning it the nickname "Rest Town"—for motorists traveling between the west coast and eastern states like Kelantan and Terengganu.^[1]^[3] Gerik's strategic location facilitates access to surrounding natural features, including the Royal Belum State Park, a vast ancient rainforest reserve noted for its biodiversity and archaeological significance.^[4]^[3] The area supports local agriculture, such as rice cultivation in nearby valleys, and has seen infrastructure development, including a small airstrip, amid growing transit traffic.^[5]

Geography and Environment

Location and Physical Features

Gerik serves as the administrative capital of Hulu Perak District in Perak state, Peninsular Malaysia, with key district offices located along Jalan Sultan Yussuf in the town center.^[6] Positioned at coordinates 5°26′N 101°08′E and an elevation of approximately 160 meters above sea level, Gerik lies roughly 130 kilometers north of Ipoh along the North-South Expressway and related routes.^[7]^[8] The town is situated directly on the East-West Highway (Federal Route 4), a major route traversing the central mountain range to link western coastal areas including Penang and Kedah with eastern states such as Kelantan and Terengganu. This positioning establishes Gerik as a primary roadside stopover, often referred to as the "Rest Town" for providing essential amenities to highway travelers crossing the peninsula's interior.^[9] Gerik's physical landscape features undulating hilly terrain rising into surrounding mountains, integral to the northern region's tropical rainforest belt with elevations averaging around 160 meters locally but increasing sharply nearby. The area borders significant natural landmarks, including Temenggor Lake—a vast reservoir approximately 45 kilometers southeast—and the adjacent Royal Belum State Park, encompassing over 117,000 hectares of ancient forest known for its ecological diversity and rugged topography.^[10]^[11]

Climate and Natural Resources

Gerik experiences an equatorial climate characterized by high humidity and consistent warmth, with average daily temperatures ranging from 24°C to 32°C throughout the year.^[12] Annual precipitation averages approximately 2,256 mm, distributed unevenly with peaks during the northeast monsoon from October to March, contributing to frequent seasonal flooding in low-lying areas. The district's natural resources include extensive forest reserves supporting timber extraction, particularly in the Temengor and Gerik Forest Reserves, which were designated for production forestry in the early 1990s.^[13] Fisheries in Temenggor Lake, the largest man-made reservoir in Perak covering 15,200 hectares, provide opportunities for commercial and recreational harvesting of species such as freshwater fish, regulated by the Perak Fisheries Department.^[14] Mineral deposits, including tin mineralization zones near Belukar Semang and non-radioactive rare earth elements, have driven local mining activities, though extraction faces environmental scrutiny and potential depletion from ongoing operations.^[15]^[16] Gerik encompasses biodiversity hotspots like the adjacent Royal Belum State Park, home to threatened species including Malayan tigers (Panthera tigris jacksoni) estimated at 60-70 individuals and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), alongside over 80 mammal species.^[17]^[18] Human-wildlife conflicts arise from habitat encroachment and infrastructure, exemplified by the June 17, 2017, roadkill of a two-year-old elephant calf along the Gerik-Jeli Highway, highlighting risks from vehicular traffic in elephant migration corridors.^[19]

History

Indigenous Peoples and Early Settlement

The Jahai, a Negrito subgroup of the Orang Asli, represent the primary indigenous inhabitants of the Gerik region in northern Perak, with evidence of long-term habitation tied to ancient Southeast Asian migrations. Genetic and anthropological studies indicate that Negrito populations, including the Jahai, trace their origins to early modern human arrivals in the Malay Peninsula around 40,000 to 60,000 years ago, descending from Hoabinhian hunter-gatherers who adapted to forested environments during the late Pleistocene.^[20]^[21] Archaeological records from northern Peninsular Malaysia, including sites in Perak, support continuous Negrito presence through Mesolithic tool-making traditions, predating Austronesian expansions.^[20] Jahai communities in areas like Kampung Semelor and the Royal Belum State Park near Gerik have maintained semi-nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles, relying on blowpipe hunting, foraging, and deep ecological knowledge of rainforest resources. Ethnographic documentation highlights their expertise in identifying over 200 medicinal plants and navigating dense tropical forests, adaptations honed over millennia to the local biodiversity of dipterocarp-dominated ecosystems.^[21]^[22] These practices, passed through oral traditions, underscore a causal reliance on environmental cues for survival, with small family units of 3-6 members facilitating mobility across Gerik's upland terrains.^[23] Early proto-Malay settlements in the broader Perak interior, including influences reaching Gerik via pre-colonial trade routes from the northern peninsula, emerged later, around 2,000-3,000 years ago, but archaeological evidence remains sparse for the district itself, which retained predominant Negrito occupation until regional migrations intensified.^[24] Physical anthropology confirms minimal admixture in Jahai groups until historical contacts, preserving distinct Negrito traits such as short stature and dark skin linked to ancient Australo-Melanesian ancestry.^[25]

Colonial Period and World War II

During the late 19th century, Gerik, located in the northern interior of Perak, fell under British colonial administration as part of the state's integration into the Federated Malay States following the Pangkor Treaty of 1874, which imposed a British Resident to oversee governance and curb internal conflicts like the Perak Civil War.^[26] British rule emphasized resource extraction across Perak, with tin mining booming in central districts like Kinta Valley—producing over 50,000 tons annually by the 1890s—and rubber plantations expanding northward from the early 1900s, drawing Chinese and Indian labor to nearby estates amid Gerik's forested peripheries.^[27] Administrative focus in remote areas like Gerik prioritized frontier control, including the construction of basic mule tracks and early roads to connect inland settlements for patrols and minor trade in timber and agricultural goods, laying rudimentary infrastructure that later influenced connectivity.^[28] In World War II, Japanese forces invaded Malaya on December 8, 1941, rapidly advancing through Perak; the Battle of Grik Road from December 16–23 saw British Indian troops of the 11th Indian Division clash with the Japanese 15th Army near Gerik, delaying the enemy but resulting in heavy Allied losses and the abandonment of positions amid the broader Malayan Campaign retreat.^[29] Japanese occupation from early 1942 imposed the "Asia for Asians" policy alongside forced labor, food shortages, and currency devaluation, severely impacting Gerik's rural population through rice requisitions and suppression of dissent, with local Orang Asli and Malay communities facing famine risks as production shifted to war needs.^[30] The area's dense jungles and hilly terrain facilitated guerrilla operations by groups like the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army, which conducted ambushes and intelligence gathering against Japanese garrisons, exploiting supply line vulnerabilities until Allied liberation in 1945. Post-occupation recovery involved British Military Administration efforts to restore basic agriculture and repair disrupted trade routes, though economic disruption from wartime neglect persisted into the immediate aftermath.^[31]

Post-Independence Developments and Security Challenges

Following Malaya's independence on August 31, 1957, Gerik, as part of the Hulu Perak district in Perak state, integrated into the newly sovereign Federation of Malaya, which later formed Malaysia in 1963. Early post-independence efforts focused on rural development, including the establishment of a Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) settlement near Gerik town in 1963 to promote agricultural expansion and resettlement.^[32] Infrastructure initiatives aimed to connect remote eastern regions, but progress was hampered by ongoing security threats from communist insurgents who had regrouped in forested border areas after the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960).^[33] A pivotal development was the construction of the East-West Highway (Federal Route 4), initiated in the 1970s to link Gerik in Perak with Jeli in Kelantan, spanning approximately 100 kilometers across the Titiwangsa Range. This defense-oriented project, mooted by Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman and accelerated under Tun Abdul Razak, sought to disrupt communist supply lines and mobility during the Second Malayan Emergency (1968–1989), when the Malayan Communist Party relaunched guerrilla operations from bases in northern Perak's dense jungles, including Hulu Perak. Construction faced violent ambushes by insurgents targeting workers and convoys, resulting in numerous fatalities, yet the highway opened to traffic on July 1, 1982, enhancing accessibility, trade, and military patrols that contributed to isolating communist forces.^[34]^[35]^[36] Hulu Perak remained a focal point for counterinsurgency operations throughout the 1970s and 1980s, with Malaysian security forces conducting patrols and engagements against communist terrorists who ambushed patrols and civilians to sustain their armed struggle for a Marxist-Leninist state. The highway's completion facilitated rapid troop movements, aiding operations that pressured the insurgents into peace talks, culminating in the Malayan Communist Party's ceasefire agreement on December 2, 1989. Despite these gains, the region's rugged terrain and residual threats underscored persistent vulnerabilities.^[33]^[34] By the 2020s, the aging East-West Highway prompted renewed calls for upgrades amid rising accident risks on its winding, narrow sections. A tragic incident on June 9, 2025, near Tasik Banding saw a tour bus carrying Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris students lose control on a downhill bend—traveling nearly twice the speed limit—collide with an MPV, overturn, and kill 15 passengers while injuring 33 others, marking one of Malaysia's deadliest road crashes in over a decade. Investigations cited speeding, brake failure claims by the driver, and inadequate infrastructure maintenance as factors, fueling demands for widening, guardrail reinforcements, and real-time monitoring to address the highway's outdated design from its insurgency-era origins.^[37]^[38]^[39]

Demographics

Population Trends

The population of Mukim Gerik, the administrative subdivision centered on the district capital, was recorded at 20,746 in the 2020 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia.^[40] This equates to a density of 52.35 residents per square kilometer over an area of 396.3 km², shaped by dispersed rural settlements extending into adjacent kampung areas beyond compact urban boundaries.^[40] Growth in Gerik has remained subdued in recent years relative to Malaysia's national average, with historical data indicating a cumulative increase of approximately 51.5% from 2000 to 2015, followed by signs of deceleration amid broader rural depopulation dynamics.^[41] This pattern stems primarily from outmigration of working-age youth to urban hubs like Ipoh and Kuala Lumpur, driven by limited local employment prospects in agriculture and small-scale trade.^[42] Encompassing Gerik, the Hulu Perak district reported 95,076 inhabitants in the 2020 census, yielding an ultralow density of 14.49 per km² across 6,563 km², underscoring the challenges of sustaining population in expansive, isolated terrains.^[43] Future trajectories, informed by Department of Statistics Malaysia projections, anticipate stagnation or marginal gains through 2025, tempered by Perak's elevated elderly share—11.9% aged 65 and above, surpassing the national figure—and fertility rates hovering near 1.6 children per woman in rural contexts.^[44]^[45] Negative net internal migration further constrains expansion, as rural-to-urban flows exceed inflows in peripheral districts like Hulu Perak.^[44]

Ethnic and Cultural Composition

The ethnic composition of Gerik is dominated by the Bumiputera category, which accounted for 86.8% of the population in the Gerik parliamentary constituency (encompassing the district) according to the 2020 Malaysian Census. This group is primarily ethnic Malays, reflecting the rural Malay heartland character of the area, with smaller indigenous components. Chinese residents comprise 8.2%, Indians 2.4%, and others 2.6%, the latter including Orang Asli subgroups such as the Jahai (also known as Jehai), a Negrito people numbering around 3,000 nationwide but with concentrated settlements near Gerik, such as Kampung Semelor with approximately 173 individuals.^[46]^[47] Linguistically, Bahasa Malaysia serves as the primary language, with English used in administrative contexts. Among Orang Asli communities, Aslian languages persist, including Jahai dialects spoken by Negrito groups and others like Temiar, Kintaq, Kensiu, and Lanoh, though their vitality varies due to intergenerational transmission challenges in mixed settlements.^[48]^[49] Culturally, the majority Malay population maintains Islamic practices integrated with rural agrarian lifestyles, emphasizing self-sufficient farming and community ties over urban multiculturalism. Orang Asli groups, particularly Jahai Negritos, retain elements of traditional animist beliefs and foraging knowledge, such as plant-based resource use, despite governmental and societal pressures toward Islamization and sedentarization, which have led to partial assimilation in some villages.^[21]^[47] These dynamics foster a localized ethnic hierarchy, with Malay cultural norms prevailing in intergroup interactions while indigenous minorities preserve distinct subsistence-oriented traditions in forested peripheries.

Economy

Primary Industries

Agriculture and fisheries constitute the core primary industries in Gerik, supplemented by forestry activities and rare earth mining, with a heavy dependence on informal and small-scale operations vulnerable to market volatility. Fruit farming, notably durians, supports local livelihoods, as exemplified by orchards in Gerik yielding significant harvests, contributing to Perak's status as a leading durian producer with 59,217.3 tonnes valued at RM462.28 million in recent years. Fisheries centered on Temenggor Lake emphasize cage aquaculture for species like tilapia and catfish, aiding Perak's fisheries sector which produced 407,000 metric tonnes or 22.8% of national output in 2023, though overexploitation risks sustainability.^[50]^[51] Forestry, including selective logging and non-timber forest products, provides employment, particularly among indigenous communities where forest-related activities account for 52.1% of jobs, though yields have declined amid conservation measures in protected areas like Royal Belum State Park, limiting extractive potential. Small-scale rare earth mining in Kenering has emerged as a contributor, generating RM29 million in royalties for Perak as of 2024 through non-radioactive lanthanide extraction on 2,161 hectares, balancing economic gains against environmental scrutiny. Employment in these sectors remains informal and predominant, with agriculture, forestry, and fisheries engaging 45.8% and 20.8% of indigenous workers in Gerik respectively, exposing the economy to commodity price swings and resource depletion.^[13]^[52]^[53]

Tourism and Recreation

Tourism in Gerik primarily revolves around nature-based recreation at Temenggor Lake and the adjacent Royal Belum State Park, attracting mostly domestic travelers who stop en route along the East-West Highway. Fishing expeditions targeting snakehead and other species in the lake are a key draw, with operators offering guided trips and houseboat rentals for multi-day outings, appealing to both novice and experienced anglers.^[54]^[55] Camping setups along the lake shores and eco-tours involving boat cruises provide additional options, often bundled with short treks for birdwatching or waterfall visits under regulated permits.^[56]^[57] These activities support a modest influx of visitors, bolstered by highway rest areas that serve as entry points, though the district's remote location limits broader appeal and infrastructure development. Resorts and basic lodges cater to overnight stays, generating localized income through fees and guiding services, but overall economic impact remains constrained by seasonal access issues and the need for advance bookings.^[58] A 2017 study on indigenous tourism in Royal Belum noted positive perceptions of economic benefits among locals, including job creation from guiding and hospitality, without widespread reports of displacement.^[59] Concerns over potential biodiversity disruption from increased foot traffic have prompted strict visitor caps and permit systems in Royal Belum, enforced since the park's gazetting in 2014 to prioritize conservation. Data from park management reports (2015–2021) indicate controlled low-volume tourism, with houseboat and entry revenues reflecting sustainable rather than mass-scale operations, mitigating over-tourism risks evident in Malaysia's coastal destinations.^[60] Wildlife encounters, including occasional elephant crossings near trails, underscore the need for guided excursions to manage hazards effectively.^[61]

Government and Infrastructure

Local Governance and Politics

Gerik functions as a mukim within the Hulu Perak District, administered primarily through the Hulu Perak District Office and the Gerik District Council, which handles local matters such as planning, sanitation, and community services under state oversight.^[62] The absence of direct local elections since the late 20th century means council leadership is appointed, emphasizing administrative efficiency in this rural setting over partisan contests at the municipal level. Federal representation occurs via the Gerik parliamentary constituency, established in 1974 to cover the northern Perak border areas, including Gerik town and surrounding mukims.^[63] Electorally, the Gerik constituency has historically favored the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a conservative Malay-nationalist party within the Barisan Nasional coalition, securing victories in elections from 1974 through 2018 amid strong rural Malay voter loyalty to traditionalist platforms prioritizing ethnic Malay interests and stability.^[63] This pattern reflects the area's demographic of predominantly Malay and Orang Asli communities, where conservatism manifests in support for policies safeguarding cultural and religious norms against urban liberal influences. In the 2022 general election, however, UMNO candidate Datuk Dr. Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki lost to Perikatan Nasional's (PN) Fathul Huzir Ayob of Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia (Bersatu), signaling a shift toward PN's more assertively Islamist appeal in rural heartlands, though UMNO retains claims to the seat's traditional allegiance.^[64]^[65] National political dynamics, including the 2008 opposition surge and 2018 regime change, have influenced Gerik minimally due to persistent rural skepticism toward multiracial coalitions like Pakatan Harapan, with voters favoring infrastructure-focused development over expansive welfare programs. Local priorities emphasize road networks for connectivity and security measures near the Thailand border, rooted in historical insurgencies and cross-border trade, as evidenced by district plans prioritizing physical infrastructure to bolster economic resilience in sparsely populated terrains.^[66] This approach aligns with conservative fiscal realism, avoiding over-reliance on subsidies amid resource constraints.

Transportation Networks

The primary transportation artery in Gerik is the East-West Highway, designated as Federal Route 4, which connects the district to western Perak and extends eastward to Jeli in Kelantan over approximately 167 kilometers through the Titiwangsa mountain range.^[67] Constructed primarily in the 1970s and 1980s with completion and official opening in 1982, the highway was engineered to navigate rugged, hilly terrain featuring sharp bends, steep gradients, and dense forest cover, originally serving logistical needs in remote areas while facilitating regional connectivity.^[32] ^[68] Gerik lacks direct rail or air infrastructure, with residents and visitors relying predominantly on bus services from the local terminal and private vehicles for intercity travel; express buses operate to destinations such as Kuala Lumpur Sentral and Penang, with the nearest major airport in Penang accessible by road in about 1.75 hours.^[69] ^[70] The highway's geography exacerbates safety risks, evidenced by 257 accidents involving 442 vehicles and 22 fatalities on the Gerik-Jeli stretch from January to June 2025 alone, many attributed to the demanding topography including downhill sections and poor visibility at night. ^[71] Maintenance challenges linked to the highway's age and environmental exposure have prompted recent upgrade initiatives, including RM55 million allocated in 2025 for critical sections like the site of a fatal June bus crash near Tasik Banding, with further prioritization in Budget 2026 and an additional RM30 million announced by the Prime Minister for enhancements such as safety barriers and intelligent traffic systems.^[72] ^[73] ^[74] These efforts address deterioration from over four decades of use in a high-rainfall, wildlife-prone area, transitioning the route from its post-construction role in regional stabilization to a sustained economic connector.^[75] ^[76]

Education and Healthcare Facilities

Gerik's education system primarily consists of national-type primary schools (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan) and secondary schools under the Ministry of Education, with Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Gerik serving as the central secondary institution located at Jalan Kuala Kenderong, accommodating students from the district's rural and Orang Asli communities.^[77] Additional facilities include Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Kenering and Kolej Vokasional Gerik for vocational training, alongside primary schools such as SJK(T) Gerik for Tamil-medium instruction, though enrollment in Tamil national-type primaries across Perak has declined due to demographic shifts and migration.^[78] ^[79] Rural schools in Hulu Perak, including those in Gerik, face persistent challenges such as dilapidated infrastructure, financial constraints, and shortages of qualified teachers, which hinder retention and contribute to a rural brain drain as graduates seek urban opportunities.^[80] ^[81] These issues are compounded by lower academic performance in rural Perak schools compared to urban counterparts in core subjects like mathematics and science, with over 1,200 students statewide identified at risk of dropout in 2025 amid limited STEM resources and teacher expertise in remote areas.^[82] ^[83] Government efforts to address these gaps include infrastructure upgrades for dilapidated rural schools under national programs aimed at improving facilities like computer labs and internet access, though quality remains below urban standards, particularly in teacher retention and specialized STEM curricula for areas like Gerik.^[84] ^[85] Healthcare services in Gerik are anchored by Hospital Gerik, the sole government district hospital in Hulu Perak, which covers an expansive 6,560 km² area and provides general medical, surgical, and emergency care despite its limited bed capacity of around 50, often requiring referrals for specialized treatment to facilities in Ipoh, approximately 200 km away.^[86] ^[87] Outpatient and preventive services are supplemented by clinics such as Klinik Kesihatan Felda Bersia, offering rehabilitation for stroke and joint issues, nutritional counseling, and psychological support through outreach in rural settlements.^[88] The district's isolation exacerbates disease burdens, with Gerik identified as a hotspot for malaria and filariasis (Brugia malayi) due to vector prevalence in forested areas, leading to higher incidence of vector-borne illnesses compared to urban Perak regions.^[89] ^[90] Initiatives like the PUPUK program encourage health professionals to serve rural postings, yet access gaps persist, as evidenced by challenges in monitoring indigenous child growth and higher re-emergence risks for communicable diseases in remote communities.^[91] ^[92]

Culture and Attractions

Notable Landmarks and Heritage Sites

The Temenggor Dam, constructed between 1974 and 1979 on the Perak River near Gerik, functions primarily as a hydroelectric facility with an installed capacity supporting regional power generation through the adjacent Temenggor Power Station.^[93] Its engineering design, involving a rock-fill embankment, enables efficient water storage and turbine operation, contributing to Malaysia's national grid expansion during the late 20th century.^[93] The impoundment created Temenggor Lake, a large reservoir that aids in flood control and irrigation for surrounding agricultural lands, underscoring its practical role in resource management rather than ornamental purposes.^[94] Tugu Peringatan Jalanraya Timur-Barat, a commemorative monument in Gerik, marks the historical development of the East-West Highway, completed in the 1970s to link Peninsular Malaysia's eastern and western coasts via the northern route through Hulu Perak.^[95] Erected to honor engineering efforts that improved connectivity and logistics in remote areas, the structure highlights utilitarian infrastructure advancements, facilitating trade and administrative access in a previously isolated region.^[95] Masjid Jamek Gerik, established as a central place of worship in the district, exemplifies functional Islamic architecture adapted to local needs, serving as a community assembly point for prayers and social coordination since its operational inception.^[96] Traditional elements in its design prioritize durability and communal utility over decorative excess, reflecting the practical heritage of religious sites in rural Perak.^[96] Nearby markets, such as those integrated into Gerik's town center, historically operated as trade nodes for agricultural goods, embodying economic exchange hubs tied to the area's agrarian base without emphasis on architectural grandeur.^[97]

Cultural Practices and Community Life

The cultural practices of Gerik's residents integrate Malay-Islamic norms with the foraging and hunting traditions of the indigenous Jahai subgroup of Orang Asli, who constitute a significant portion of the district's ethnic minorities. Malay families emphasize extended kinship networks, communal meals featuring rice-based dishes supplemented by local river fish and forest greens, and adherence to Islamic etiquette such as right-hand use for eating and greeting elders with respect.^[98] Jahai communities maintain semi-nomadic patterns rooted in forest dependency, including blowpipe hunting for small game like squirrels and deer, and gathering rattan, gaharu resin, and medicinal herbs for subsistence and trade.^[23] ^[99] These practices are governed by oral taboos, such as prohibiting children under 12 years from consuming monkey or pork to preserve health and spiritual purity.^[23] Daily community life in Gerik centers on self-reliant routines shaped by the district's remote, forested terrain, with residents balancing traditional resource extraction and small-scale agriculture against modern necessities like market-sourced staples. Jahai groups exhibit resilience through adaptive food acquisition, combining wild foraging with occasional bartering at roadside stalls, though barriers like deforestation and access to processed foods challenge pure traditionalism.^[100] Social interactions remain informal and kinship-driven, with mixed-ethnic villages fostering gradual integration—Malays and Orang Asli sharing spaces but retaining distinct rituals, such as Jahai spiritual invocations during hunts invoking forest spirits for success.^[101] The slower pace of rural life, marked by early-morning river fishing and evening family gatherings, contrasts with urban Malaysia, promoting observable traits of caution and hospitality toward outsiders after initial reserve.^[102] ^[103] Festivals in Gerik prioritize localized, harvest-linked observances over large-scale events, reflecting practical gratitude for seasonal yields rather than formalized tourism. Malay-majority celebrations include Hari Raya Aidilfitri, involving mosque prayers, feasting on ketupat and rendang, and open-house visits strengthening familial bonds, typically in May or June following Ramadan.^[104] Indigenous Jahai customs feature informal post-harvest thanksgivings tied to sago or tuber collections, incorporating communal storytelling and music with bamboo instruments to recount foraging lore, though these remain understated and community-internal amid Islamic dominance.^[105] The East-West Highway's influence introduces transient elements, such as pop-up stalls selling grilled meats to truckers, subtly commercializing roadside social hubs without eroding core self-sufficiency.^[3]

Notable Individuals

Hasbullah bin Osman (17 February 1957 – 16 November 2020) was a Malaysian politician born at Gerik Hospital in Gerik, Perak.^[106] He represented Barisan Nasional's United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) as the Member of Parliament for Gerik from the 13th general election in May 2013 until his death, securing re-election in the 14th general election in May 2018 with 10,453 votes.^[107] Hasbullah died from heart disease at Raub Hospital in Pahang on 16 November 2020 at age 63; he was also chairman of Syarikat Perumahan Negara Berhad at the time.^[108]^[109] Salbiah binti Mohamed (born 7 May 1978), originating from Gerik, Perak, is a Malaysian politician affiliated with UMNO.^[110] She serves as the Perak State Executive Council member for Women's Development, Family, Community Well-being and Non-Islamic Affairs, and as assemblywoman for the Temengor constituency, which overlaps with Gerik district.^[111] Previously, she held roles including Women's Chief of UMNO Perak and Women's Chief of the UMNO Gerik branch starting in 2004.^[112]

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Smart Soldier – The Battle of Grik Road WW2 | The Cove
Sep 7, 2021 · The battle of the Grik Road was fought between British and Japanese forces in north-central Malaya over the period 16-23 December 1941.
[30]
Japanese Occupation, Insurgency, and Decolonization, 1941–1957
Jul 18, 2024 · By late December 1941, Japanese troops had assumed control of Perak. Men were assembled and made to stand all night in the town squares, and ...
[31]
The Japanese Occupation of Malaya and Singapore, 1941-45 - jstor
Japanese forces invaded Malaya on 8 December 1941 and British forces surrendered in Singapore 70 days later. Japan ruled the territory for 3½ years.<|separator|>
[32]
Don't forget the pain and tears of those who built the East-West ...
Sep 2, 2024 · The East-West Highway (E-W Highway) or Lebuh Raya Timur Barat (LRTB) connecting Gerik (previously Grik) in Perak and Jeli in Kelantan, was ...
[33]
Former Jkr Worker Recounts 1974 Tragedy At East-west Highway
Aug 24, 2023 · ... highway, was built as one of the strategies to cripple the communists' movement in the post-independence era of Malaya in 1970. “This effort ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[34]
The surprising story of how JKR workers fought the communists in ...
Jul 1, 2018 · “The East West Highway (Gerik–Jeli) was opened to traffic on 1st July 1982. Many lives have been lost during the construction which was ...
[35]
[PDF] Tun Abdul Razak's National Security Strategy - iafor
East -West Highway between Gerik and Jeli. Before the completion of a federal highway in the middle of the 1970s that linked Gerik in. Upper Perak with Jeli ...<|separator|>
[36]
The Gerik - Instagram
Aug 19, 2020 · The construction of the East–West Highway began in the 1970 as a defence-related highway during the Communist insurgency in Malaysia. The road ...
[37]
[UPDATED] Gerik UPSI crash: Tour bus was travelling at almost ...
Jul 18, 2025 · ... Tasik Banding, Gerik. Fifteen students were killed in the crash. On June 11, Transport Minister Anthony Loke said all permits held by the tour ...
[38]
Speeding on downhill bend caused Gerik bus crash, says ministry ...
Jul 18, 2025 · Its preliminary probe says the bus lost control while speeding downhill, slamming into the guardrail which pierced the cabin.
[39]
The UPSI bus crash that killed 15: Here's what we know so far
Jun 9, 2025 · It overturned near Tasik Banding around 1am after colliding with a Perodua Alza, which skidded into a ditch. Some victims were thrown from the ...<|separator|>
[40]
Gerik (Township, Malaysia) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and ...
Gerik (Township, Malaysia) with population statistics, charts, map and location.Missing: data | Show results with:data
[41]
Gerik - Population Trends and Demographics - City Facts
Population change from 2000 to 2015 ; Gerik, +51.5%, +19.6% ; Hulu Perak, +51.3%, +19.8% ; Perak, +96.7%, +41.5% ; Malaysia, +146.3%, +66.6% ...
[42]
Population Distribution, Urbanisation, Internal Migration and ...
Malaysia's population mobility increased due to industrialization and urbanization, with internal migration causing population redistribution to urban areas. ...<|separator|>
[43]
https://www.citypopulation.de/en/malaysia/perak/admin/0808__hulu_perak/
[44]
[PDF] anggaran penduduk semasa - Department of Statistics Malaysia
Table 1.7: Principal statistics of population, Perak, 2020-2025. Jadual 1.7 ... the negative value of net migration will decrease the number of population.
[45]
aging population trend in the state of perak, malaysia - ResearchGate
Aug 6, 2025 · The percentage contribution from the population aged 65 years and above is higher in Perak, than Malaysia, with the percentage of 11.9 percent of elderly ...
[46]
Jehai in Malaysia people group profile | Joshua Project
The Jehai are one of the nineteen Orang Asli people groups living in Peninsular Malaysia. ... Jahai; Jehai Orang Asli. Population this Country, 3,000. Population ...
[47]
Traditional Knowledge of Jahai Tribe at Kampung Semelor, Gerik ...
... This resulted in exhaustion of resources. According to Likin et al (2018) , the population of the village is 173 people. Each family usually ...<|separator|>
[48]
Roshidah Hassan, Kamila Ghazali, et. al. 2015. Vitality of the Orang ...
Aug 10, 2025 · Malays, Chinese, and Indians, there are many Orang Asli settlements surrounding Gerik. The Orang Asli groups that can be found here are the ...
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https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA439634656&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00298115&p=AONE&sw=w
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Perak one of Malaysia's top durian-producing states, says Saarani
Jul 20, 2025 · LARUT: Perak emerged as one of the leading durian-producing states in Malaysia, with a production volume of 59217.3 tonnes worth RM462.28mil ...
[51]
Perak Targets To Become A Main Hub For Blue Economy In ...
Feb 23, 2025 · "In 2023, Perak contributed 22.8% of the country's fisheries production, totalling 407,000 metric tonnes. Our marine fish landing revenue ...<|separator|>
[52]
Perak generates RM29m in royalties from rare earth mining
Oct 3, 2024 · ... mining in Kenering sub-district, Gerik, allows Perak to balance China's monopoly in the production of high-value materials, lanthanides. Perak ...
[53]
[PDF] socio-economic status of orang asli communities - IC-CFS
... forest products (52.1%) are the most jobs performed by the. Orang Asli community in Gerik, Perak, followed by the agriculture sector (45.8%), fisheries (20.8 ...
[54]
Fishyology – Royal Belum-Temenggor - Updated 2025 Prices
This state park and its oldest rainforest are based around 44 miles from Gerik, Perak. Join the crew and explore this fantastic fishing and ecotourism ...
[55]
2025 Fishing in Temenggor lake (Gerik) - with Trusted Reviews
The Temenggor lake is a very attractive fishing destination for beginners and die hard anglers to pit their skills. Temenggor lake is known for its very rich ...
[56]
Royal Belum – Tourism Perak Malaysia
Must-Try Activities in Royal Belum. River Boat Cruise Through Temengor Lake; Encounter the King of Flowers, Rafflesia; Participate in House Boat Activities ...
[57]
Exploring Royal Belum Park: A Travel Guide - IbexTrails
Mar 18, 2025 · Visitors to Royal Belum Park can engage in activities such as jungle trekking, bird watching, fishing, camping, and boat cruises along the ...
[58]
Excursion | Belum Rainforest Resort
Immerse yourself in the enchanting Royal Belum Rainforest. · Engage in exciting wildlife observation. · Embark on a memorable journey to the Salt Lick at Jenut ...
[59]
Exploring Indigenous Tourism Development at Royal Belum State ...
Jul 15, 2025 · Findings: The results indicate a significant positive effect for economic gain on the perceived economic and environmental impacts of tourism, ...
[60]
Overview on the characteristics of houseboats in the Royal Belum ...
Reports and statistics from 2015 to 2021 by the PTNP of RBSP were also analyzed to determine the number of tourists visited and income generated from all ...
[61]
A Case Study of Royal Belum State Park, Malaysia - MDPI
In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 370 tourists from Royal Belum State Park, Malaysia, and the KANO model was combined with the Analytic ...
[62]
Local Authorities - Kerajaan Negeri Perak
Gerik District Council · Pengkalan Hulu District Council · Batu Gajah District Council · Kampar District Council · Lenggong District Council · Perak Tengah ...Missing: governance | Show results with:governance
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Perak Umno: Gerik seat is ours by tradition - Yahoo News Malaysia
Perak Umno liaison chief Datuk Saarani Mohamad today said that the Gerik parliamentary seat 'belongs' to Umno as the party ...
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GE15: Umno Youth chief loses in Gerik
Nov 19, 2022 · IPOH: Umno Youth chief Datuk Dr Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki lost the Gerik parliament seat.<|separator|>
[65]
Gerik MP on shedding tears in Parliament: I'm not sick, just ...
Feb 21, 2023 · Gerik Member of Parliament Fathul Huzir Ayob clarified that he was not sick but was overcome by emotions and shed tears when talking about the hardship of the ...
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Hulu Perak District - Perak Sejahtera 2030
Hulu Perak District Mainstreaming a Biodiversity-Based Economy. Heritage tourism and ecotourism are identified as key sectors in Hulu Perak, ...
[67]
Time For 43-Year Old East-West Highway To Be upgraded - Bernama
Jun 25, 2025 · Known for its rugged terrain and frequent elephant crossings, the East-West Highway (JRTB) connecting Gerik in Perak to Jeli in Kelantan is ...
[68]
Calls To Upgrade East-West Highway With Smart Tech - Bernama
Jul 1, 2025 · The East-West Highway (JRTB) took nearly 15 years to complete, relying on the engineering expertise and design concepts of that era.
[69]
Gerik to KL Sentral Bus Tickets - BusOnlineTicket.com
Rating 5.0 (11) They have up to 4 daily departures from Gerik to KL Sentral. Earliest bus scheduled for this route is at 10:30 AM and the latest bus departs at 10:30 PM. Since ...
[70]
Gerik to Penang Airport (PEN) - 7 ways to travel via train, bus, and car
The cheapest way to get from Gerik to Penang Airport (PEN) costs only $6, and the quickest way takes just 1¾ hours. Find the travel option that best suits ...
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Gerik-Jeli highway sees spike in fatal crashes, 22 dead in just six ...
Jul 27, 2025 · “The JRTB route is categorised as hilly terrain, with its alignment designed to follow the contours and topography of the Titiwangsa mountain ...
[72]
RM55 million for East-West Highway upgrade - Motorist Malaysia
Jun 12, 2025 · The East-West Highway (Federal Route ) connects Gerik in Perak to Jeli in Kelantan, serving as a vital route for trade and tourism. Key ...
[73]
Gerik highway to receive safety upgrades following tragic bus crash ...
Jun 12, 2025 · Various initiatives have been taken since 2023 to improve the Gerik-Jeli route, especially on the FT04 Federal Road, Nanta said. Funds totaling ...
[74]
PM announces additional RM30 mln allocation for upgrading Gerik ...
GERIK: Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim has announced an additional allocation of RM30 million for upgrading the East-West Highway linking Gerik to Jeli.<|separator|>
[75]
East-West Highway upgrades a priority in Budget 2026, says works ...
Aug 14, 2025 · The East-West Highway, particularly the Gerik-Jeli stretch, is among the key priorities for the Works Ministry under the upcoming Budget ...
[76]
East-West Highway upgrades will be prioritised in Budget 2026 ...
Aug 15, 2025 · These upgrades will not be for entire highway, but only for critical sections identified through assessments by the works ministry, Nanta added.
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SMK Gerik, Gerik - Malaysia Education Directory - APAC
Address & Contact Information ; Address, Jalan Kuala Kenderong 33300 Gerik Perak ; Telephone, 057912300 ; FAX, 057912400 ; e-mail, AEA7006@moe.edu.my ...
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SMK Kenering, Gerik - Malaysia Education Directory - APAC
Address & Contact Information ; Address, Kg Lawin 33300 Gerik Perak ; Telephone, 057911821 ; FAX, 057912391 ; e-mail, AEA7005@moe.edu.my ...
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PERAK TAMIL SCHOOLS - PERAK STATE MIC YOUTH
Jul 16, 2014 · PERAK TAMIL SCHOOLS. LIST OF TAMIL SCHOOL IN PERAK BY DISTRICT KINTA ... SJK(T) PENGKALAN HULU, JALAN BETONG. ABD7048, SJK(T) GERIK, JALAN ...<|separator|>
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Challenges and strategies in managing small schools: A case study ...
The findings demonstrate that all five schools faced similar challenges: financial constraints, a dilapidated infrastructure, lack of human resources, and ...
[81]
Close urban-rural education gap to ensure future, say academics
May 23, 2025 · UPM's Wan Marzuki Wan Jaafar said better facilities in schools in rural areas, such as computer labs and internet access, will help to close the gap with urban ...
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Urban Versus Rural Areas Education - Pandai Blog
Dec 18, 2020 · The students from urban schools performed better than their peers in rural schools in the four subjects, Mathematics, Science, English and Bahasa Melayu.
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Over 1,200 students in Perak at risk of dropping out in 2025, says ...
A total of 1,254 students in Perak have been identified as being at risk of dropping out of school in 2025, ...
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MULTIMEDIA: A make-over for old schools in Malaysia | The Star
Aug 8, 2024 · Dilapidated schools will get a quicker facelift thanks to a government project, which aims to speed up efforts to create better learning environments for the ...
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Revitalizing Rural Schools: A Challenge for Malaysia - ResearchGate
Although there are exceptions, Malaysian rural schools in general tend to suffer from a lack of facilities, resources, and experienced teachers (Marwan et ...Missing: upgrades Perak Gerik<|control11|><|separator|>
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Hospital Gerik - JKN Perak
Hospital Gerik merupakan satu-satunya hospital kerajaan yang menyediakan khidmat perubatan di Daerah Hulu Perak yang berkeluasan 656,044 km persegi. Ia juga ...
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New Health DG Praises 'Extraordinary' Gerik Hospital Heroes
Jun 12, 2025 · This district hospital with limited capacity successfully managed 29 wounded victims, conducted autopsies, and gave emotional support to ...Missing: Klinik Kesihatan
[88]
Klinik Kesihatan Felda Bersia | Gerik - Facebook
Rating 5.0 (1) ✓ Rehabilitasi bagi pesakit strok, kecederaan saraf, sakit sendi & post-surgery ✓ Kaunseling Pemakanan (secara lawatan) ✅️ Kaunseling Psikologi (secara lawatan) ...Missing: services | Show results with:services
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Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Malaria in Perak, Malaysia
Most of the hot spots locations were in Kenering, Ulu Kinta, Gerik and Kampar sub-districts. ... Malaria is one of the most deadly vector-borne diseases in the ...
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Anopheles donaldi incriminated as a vector of periodic Brugia ...
Anopheles donaldi incriminated as a vector of periodic Brugia malayi in Grik, Perak, Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1996 Sep;27(3):637 ...
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[PDF] 2.1.5 - Ali et al - Rural medical educationl in Malayasia - Wonca
The PUPUK programme implemented in the medical curriculum is one of the initiatives to attract more medical graduates and other health care professionals to ...<|separator|>
[92]
The challenges in managing the growth of indigenous children in ...
Mar 23, 2022 · This study explores challenges encountered by HCPs, with at least six months of experience in monitoring the growth parameters of Orang Asli children residing ...
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Power plant profile: Temenggor Power Station, Malaysia
Oct 21, 2024 · The project construction commenced in 1974 and subsequently entered into commercial operation in 1979. Contractors involved. Hitachi Mitsubishi ...
[94]
Empangan Temenggor - My District 76
The Temenggor Dam is a major hydroelectric dam in Gerik, Perak State ... This dam was completed in 1979. Empangan Temenggor. Location : Gerik, Perak ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[95]
Explore the Historical Significance of Tugu Peringatan Jalanraya ...
Tugu Peringatan Jalanraya Timur-Barat is a notable historical landmark located in the picturesque town of Gerik in Perak, Malaysia.
[96]
Masjid Jamek Gerik Perak - Masjid (Mosque) in Gerik - Halal Trip
Masjid Jamek Gerik Perak ; Surau Kampung Bendang. Kampung Bendang, Perak 33200 Gerik Malaysia. 0.61KM ; Surau Kem Tentera. Kem Tentera 304, Perak 33300 Gerik ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[97]
THE BEST Things to Do in Gerik (2025) - Must-See Attractions
1. Raba Lake ... Crystal and mirror like lake. Check out a small school on a small island in the lake.Missing: notable heritage
[98]
Malaysian - Etiquette - Cultural Atlas
Jan 1, 2016 · Use two hands to give/receive, avoid pointing with one hand, remove shoes when visiting, and use the right hand to pass food. Gifts are given ...
[99]
[PDF] Jahai Voices of Malaysia: Exploring Indigenous Women ...
Apr 9, 2023 · In Royal Belum, the Jahai tribe of Orang Asli have been living in Royal Belum for generations. They are one of 18 tribes of indigenous peoples ...
[100]
Exploration of Food-Seeking Behaviour, Food Preparation ... - NIH
This study explored food acquisition and the barriers in obtaining traditional and market foods among the Jahai subtribe (within the Negrito ethnic group) via a ...
[101]
Tigers, snares, and Malaysia's Indigenous Guardians of the Forest
The Jahai have intimate knowledge of the forest's ecosystem and many still earn a living from it. This treed world is infused with ancient myth and meaning, ...
[102]
My Gerik Diary | Limshouzhi's Weblog - WordPress.com
Jan 2, 2013 · The living pace here is much slower compared with other places, thus, for those who plan to spend their retiree life in a peaceful, serenity ...
[103]
'They made me feel welcome although I'm an outsider'
Jun 15, 2019 · All three villages are occupied by the Temiar tribe and most of them live all over Grik. The Orang Asli are shy people who need some time to get ...
[104]
Gerik - MyTrip Malaysia 2025
Rating 5.0 (4) Sep 4, 2025 · Gerik is perfectly located for day trips: Lenggong Valley (40 km) – A UNESCO World Heritage Site with prehistoric caves and the famous Perak Man ...<|separator|>
[105]
(PDF) EXPLORING THE CULTURAL HERITAGE ... - ResearchGate
The Jahai, an Orang Asli sub-ethnic group in Malaysia, represent a unique cultural and ecological heritage deeply connected to their forested homeland.
[106]
Son says Hasbullah was strict, but loving - Bernama
17‏/11‏/2020 · Perak, Hasbullah Osman, passed away, MP, Gerik. ... Hasbullah, who was born in Gerik Hospital on Feb 17, 1957, started ...
[107]
Gerik MP dead from heart disease, says Temenggor rep - Malay Mail
Nov 16, 2020 · Hasbullah became the MP for Gerik in 2013 and was re-elected in the 14th general election two years ago. His death will trigger a by-election ...
[108]
Gerik MP Hasbullah dies of heart ailment - The Star
Nov 17, 2020 · PETALING JAYA: Gerik MP Datuk Hasbullah Osman died of a heart ailment after being admitted to the Raub Hospital in Pahang.
[109]
Gerik MP Hasbullah Osman dies - Bernama
Nov 16, 2020 · IPOH, Nov 16 -- Gerik MP Datuk Hasbullah Osman died in Raub, Pahang this afternoon due to heart disease. He was 63.<|separator|>
[110]
Salbiah Mohamed - PRU - Sinar Harian
SALBIAH MOHAMED. Maklumat Diri. Asal Gerik, Perak Tarikh lahir 7/5/1978. Pasangan Mohd Faizal Malek Anak 4 orang anak. Salbiah Mohamed adalah calon Barisan ...
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Salbiah Mohamed - Facebook
Salbiah Mohamed, Ipoh. 22190 likes · 4444 talking about this. • Exco Kerajaan Negeri Perak • ADUN Temengor • Ketua Wanita UMNO Perak.
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YB Salbiah Highlights the Attraction of the Rafflesia Flower in ...
Jul 21, 2024 · YB Salbiah Highlights the Attraction of the Rafflesia Flower in Kampung Bongor, Gerik ... Salbiah Mohamed. She, who is also the State ...