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M1

The Apple M1 is a family of ARM-based system-on-a-chip (SoC) processors designed by Apple Inc. and unveiled on November 10, 2020, initiating the company's transition from Intel x86 architecture to proprietary Apple silicon for Macintosh computers and select iPads.^[1] Fabricated by TSMC on a 5-nanometer process, the M1 integrates an 8-core CPU (four high-performance Firestorm cores and four high-efficiency Icestorm cores), a 7- or 8-core GPU, a 16-core Neural Engine for machine learning tasks, unified memory architecture, and image signal processors into a single die, enabling compact, power-efficient designs without discrete components.^[1] This integration yielded marked gains in computational efficiency, with Apple claiming up to 3.5 times the CPU performance of the prior Intel-based MacBook Air at half the power consumption, a benchmark corroborated by independent tests showing the M1 surpassing contemporary laptop processors like Intel's Core i7-1165G7 in single-threaded workloads and power-per-watt metrics.^[1]^[2] Devices powered by the M1, including the MacBook Air (2020), 13-inch MacBook Pro (2020), Mac mini (2020), 24-inch iMac (2021), and fifth-generation iPad Pro, benefited from extended battery life—up to 18 hours of wireless web use in the MacBook Air—and fanless operation in ultraportables, redefining portability standards for high-performance computing.^[3]^[4] The M1's architecture emphasized tight hardware-software co-design, leveraging macOS optimizations and Rosetta 2 emulation for Intel apps, which facilitated a smoother ecosystem shift despite initial compatibility hurdles for certain professional software reliant on x86-specific features like native Windows via Boot Camp.^[2] While lauded for advancing on-device AI processing and graphics rendering—evident in Geekbench scores exceeding 1700 single-core and 7500 multi-core—early reports highlighted sporadic issues, including Bluetooth instability and accelerated SSD wear under heavy emulation loads, though these affected a minority of users and were often mitigated by software updates.^[5]^[2] The chip's debut solidified Apple's vertical integration strategy, prioritizing empirical efficiency over raw transistor counts and setting a precedent for subsequent M-series processors that further amplified these traits.^[1]

Economics

Money supply measures

M1 constitutes the narrowest aggregate of the money supply, encompassing the most immediately spendable forms of money that serve directly as a medium of exchange. It includes currency outside the U.S. Treasury, Federal Reserve Banks, and vaults of depository institutions; demand deposits at commercial banks (excluding those owned by depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions); and other liquid deposits such as negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW) and automatic transfer service (ATS) accounts at depository institutions, share draft accounts at credit unions, and demand deposits at thrift institutions.^[6]^[7] This measure deliberately excludes less liquid assets like time deposits, savings deposits, and money market deposit accounts, focusing solely on holdings readily convertible to cash for transactions without penalty or delay.^[6] The Federal Reserve began systematically measuring M1 in January 1959, when it totaled approximately $139 billion, providing a baseline for tracking liquidity in the U.S. economy amid post-World War II growth and the shift to fiat currency standards.^[8]^[7] From this starting point, M1 expanded gradually through the late 20th century, influenced by factors including banking deregulation and responses to recessions, reaching about $1 trillion by 1990 and $2 trillion by 2000, as verifiable in seasonally adjusted Federal Reserve series.^[7] This historical progression reflects empirical patterns of monetary accommodation to rising transaction demands, rather than theoretical constructs assuming fixed income velocities.^[7] Post-2020, M1 experienced unprecedented growth, surging from roughly $4 trillion in February 2020 to over $18 trillion by June 2021, before stabilizing at elevated levels.^[7] As of August 2025, M1 stood at $18.899 trillion, a slight increase from $18.862 trillion in July 2025, following the Federal Reserve's balance sheet expansion via quantitative easing and fiscal injections that boosted demand deposits.^[9]^[7] Regulatory adjustments in April 2020, which eliminated caps on transfers from savings accounts under Regulation D, further blurred distinctions between demand and savings deposits, amplifying measured liquidity without altering underlying cash holdings.^[10] This expansion stemmed directly from central bank asset purchases and government spending, which increased bank reserves and public holdings, as documented in weekly H.6 releases.^[11] Empirically, outsized M1 growth correlates with inflationary outcomes when exceeding real output gains, as excess liquidity bids up prices in a fixed supply of goods and services.^[12] The post-2020 M1 doubling, for instance, preceded U.S. consumer price index rises peaking at 9.1% year-over-year in June 2022, with causal transmission occurring as monetary velocity recovered from pandemic lows around 1.1 to historical norms above 5.^[7]^[13] Federal Reserve data affirm that fiat expansions dilute unit purchasing power over time, evident in the 1959-2025 trajectory where M1 growth outpaced GDP by factors enabling cumulative price level increases of over 900%, underscoring devaluation risks absent productivity offsets.^[7] Policy implications highlight the need for supply restraint to maintain value stability, prioritizing observable aggregate data over models reliant on unstable behavioral assumptions.^[14]

Military equipment

Armored vehicles

The M1 Combat Car was a light tank developed for the U.S. Cavalry in the 1930s, representing an early American effort in mechanized armored vehicles. Standardized in 1935 from the T5E2 prototype, it featured vertical volute spring suspension, a 7.5-ton combat weight, and armament consisting of machine guns in dual turrets, with some variants incorporating a 37mm gun. Approximately 89 units were produced between 1937 and 1940, primarily for training and mechanized cavalry units, before being reclassified as the Light Tank M1A1 in 1940 due to doctrinal shifts. Its design influenced subsequent light tanks like the M2, emphasizing mobility over heavy armor in pre-World War II U.S. armored doctrine.^[15] The M1 Abrams main battle tank, introduced to U.S. Army service in 1980, stands as the preeminent M1-designated armored fighting vehicle, embodying advanced engineering in composite armor, a 120mm smoothbore gun, and a 1,500-horsepower gas turbine engine enabling speeds up to 45 mph. Initial production of the baseline M1 began in 1979 at Chrysler (later General Dynamics), with 3,273 units built by 1985, prioritizing survivability through Chobham-style armor that defeated contemporary anti-tank threats. The M1A1 variant, entering service in 1986, incorporated depleted uranium armor enhancements and an upgraded fire control system, with production scaling to over 4,800 units; the M1A2, fielded from 1992, added second-generation thermal sights, digital battlefield networks, and commander-independent targeting, totaling around 10,000 Abrams variants produced to date. These iterations reflect iterative U.S. focus on sensor fusion and lethality, with the turbine engine providing rapid acceleration despite a 60+ ton weight, though at the cost of high fuel consumption.^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19] In operational history, the M1 Abrams demonstrated empirical superiority in armored engagements, particularly during the 1991 Gulf War, where over 2,000 deployed units achieved a kill ratio exceeding 10:1 against Iraqi T-72s, with no confirmed losses to enemy fire due to superior optics, armor, and mobility allowing first-shot advantages at ranges beyond 2,500 meters. Post-Gulf War upgrades addressed urban and counter-insurgency needs in Iraq (2003-2011) and Afghanistan, where Abrams variants logged millions of miles with enhanced reactive armor kits mitigating improvised explosive devices, though logistical strains from fuel demands were noted. Battlefield data underscores U.S. design priorities in kinetic protection and networked firepower, contributing to low crew casualty rates in conventional tank-on-tank combat.^[20]^[21] Recent developments, informed by the 2023 deployment of 31 M1 Abrams to Ukraine—where vulnerabilities to drones, loitering munitions, and top-attack threats were exposed amid high attrition—the U.S. Army initiated the M1E3 modernization program in 2023 to produce lighter (under 60 tons), more survivable variants with active protection systems, hybrid-electric propulsion for reduced signatures, and enhanced anti-drone countermeasures. Accelerated prototyping, drawing causal insights from Ukraine's emphasis on dispersed operations and electronic warfare resilience, targets initial soldier testing by late 2026, prioritizing rapid iteration over legacy weight penalties to maintain armored superiority against peer adversaries.^[22]^[23]^[24]

Small arms and weapons

The M1 Garand rifle, officially designated U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1, was adopted by the U.S. Army on January 9, 1936, as the first semi-automatic service rifle for general infantry issue, marking a shift from bolt-action designs like the M1903 Springfield.^[25] Chambered for the .30-06 Springfield cartridge, it featured an eight-round en bloc clip that ejected with a distinctive metallic "ping" upon emptying, enabling rapid follow-up fire that provided American infantrymen a decisive firepower advantage over adversaries equipped with slower bolt-action rifles, such as the German Karabiner 98k or Japanese Arisaka, in engagements during World War II and the Korean War.^[26] Approximately 4,040,802 M1 Garands were produced by the end of World War II, with total output exceeding 5 million including postwar models, allowing widespread issuance that correlated with higher sustained rates of fire in combat data from Pacific and European theaters.^[27] It remained the standard U.S. service rifle through the Korean War, where its reliability in adverse conditions—evidenced by low malfunction rates in field reports—outperformed contemporary bolt-actions despite narratives downplaying technological edges in Allied successes. The M1 Carbine, adopted on October 22, 1941, served as a lightweight semi-automatic weapon chambered in the intermediate .30 Carbine cartridge, intended for support troops, officers, and specialized roles rather than frontline riflemen, with a weight of about 5.2 pounds unloaded for enhanced mobility.^[28] Over 6 million units were manufactured during World War II by multiple contractors, including Inland Division's 2.6 million share, facilitating issuance to paratroopers, machine gun crews, and rear-echelon personnel across theaters.^[29] The M1A1 variant, introduced in 1942 with a folding stock, was specifically adapted for airborne forces to fit parachute drops, producing over 140,000 units that maintained combat effectiveness in close-quarters scenarios without the bulk of full rifles.^[30] In Korea, both M1 and select-fire M2 upgrades saw heavy use, with production scale enabling empirical advantages in volume of fire for defensive actions, countering claims that minimized U.S. small arms contributions amid logistical and manpower disparities.^[31] These M1-designated weapons exemplified U.S. ordnance priorities on semi-automatic reliability and mass production, yielding over 10 million combined units by 1945 that empirically boosted infantry firepower—through metrics like rounds-per-minute in squad engagements—over Axis counterparts, underpinning causal factors in Allied ground victories beyond mere numerical superiority.^[32]

Protective gear

The U.S. M1 helmet, standardized in 1941 as a replacement for the World War I-era M1917 model, featured a one-piece outer shell of Hadfield manganese steel, approximately 1 mm thick after pressing, paired with a detachable inner liner for shock absorption and fit adjustment.^[33]^[34] The shell weighed about 1 kg and included a short brim for deflection of falling debris, with the liner typically using a webbed suspension system or later plastic components to distribute impact forces.^[35] This two-piece design prioritized protection against low-velocity threats like shrapnel, common in artillery-heavy conflicts, over high-velocity rifle rounds, for which the helmet offered minimal resistance unless at extreme angles.^[36] Production exceeded 22 million units during World War II, enabling widespread issuance across U.S. forces in Europe, the Pacific, Korea, and Vietnam until the mid-1980s.^[35] Ballistic evaluations, including post-war analyses of combat-damaged helmets, showed the M1 defeating 54% of fragment impacts, with head wound incidence at 9.6 per 100 equipped soldiers versus 11.4 per 100 unequipped, equating to an estimated prevention of wounds in over 70,000 men and substantial reductions in mortality from penetrating injuries.^[37] Thicker variants tested in the 1950s demonstrated improved resistance to fragments, though adoption remained limited to standard specifications emphasizing manufacturability and weight constraints.^[36] Liner variants evolved from early khaki rayon webbing (Type I) to olive-drab nylon (Type II) and post-war plastic models by manufacturers such as Hawley, St. Clair, and General Fiber, enhancing retention via adjustable straps and nape pads without altering the shell's core engineering.^[38] U.S. standardization of the M1 across services minimized variability in protection levels, contributing to consistent casualty mitigation in fragmented environments, though it provided no coverage for the face or neck.^[37] Non-U.S. uses were sparse but included Australian forces adopting the design in the early 1960s for interoperability.^[39]

Science and technology

Computing hardware

The Apple M1 is a system-on-chip (SoC) developed by Apple Inc., featuring an ARM-based architecture with integrated CPU, GPU, Neural Engine, and other components fabricated on a 5-nanometer process by TSMC.^[40] Announced on November 10, 2020, and first shipped in devices on November 17, 2020, the M1 marked Apple's shift from licensing Intel x86 processors to in-house ARM designs, enabling optimized integration across hardware and software for improved performance per watt.^[41] This private-sector initiative, funded through Apple's revenues rather than government subsidies, contrasted with competitors like Intel, which received $8.5 billion in U.S. CHIPS Act grants to bolster domestic manufacturing amid lagging innovation.^[42] In benchmarks, the M1 demonstrated superior single-threaded performance, scoring 1687 in Geekbench 5 single-core tests—outpacing contemporary Intel Core i5 and i7 processors in MacBook Pros by up to 50% in efficiency-adjusted metrics—while delivering multi-thread scores of 7433, all at under 20 watts TDP for extended battery life exceeding 15 hours in video playback.^[43] Power efficiency stemmed from unified memory architecture and custom silicon, reducing latency and energy overhead compared to Intel's x86 designs, which often required 30-45 watts for similar tasks, highlighting market-driven optimizations over subsidized scale-up efforts.^[44] These attributes facilitated widespread adoption in entry-level MacBook Air, 13-inch MacBook Pro, and Mac mini models, with the chip's efficiency supporting professional workloads like code compilation and media editing without thermal throttling. By 2025, the M1 retained relevance for battery-constrained tasks and cost-effective computing, powering devices like the iPad Air and legacy MacBooks still receiving macOS updates projected through 2026-2027, even after Apple's October 15, 2025, announcement of the M5 SoC with enhanced AI capabilities.^[45]^[46] Adoption metrics showed millions of units in active use, underscoring the M1's enduring value in private innovation ecosystems over state-supported alternatives that prioritized fabrication subsidies amid slower architectural advances.^[47] No significant non-Apple deployments of "M1" processors emerged in consumer computing hardware, with the term primarily denoting Apple's breakthrough in vertically integrated, efficiency-focused design.

Biological and medical concepts

In immunology, M1 macrophages represent a classically activated subtype of macrophages induced by stimuli such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exhibiting pro-inflammatory functions including the production of cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species for pathogen clearance and microbicidal activity.^[48]^[49] This polarization contrasts with M2 macrophages, which are alternatively activated and promote anti-inflammatory responses and tissue repair, with the M1 phenotype driven by T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines to enhance adaptive immunity against intracellular pathogens.^[50]^[51] Empirical studies in cellular models demonstrate M1 macrophages' role in amplifying inflammation to eliminate infections, though chronic activation can contribute to tissue damage in diseases like atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis via sustained cytokine release.^[52]^[53] The matrix protein 1 (M1) of influenza A virus is a multifunctional structural component that forms an oligomeric layer beneath the viral envelope, facilitating virion stability, nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins, and assembly at the host cell plasma membrane during morphogenesis.^[54]^[55] M1 interacts with the viral hemagglutinin and neuraminidase glycoproteins, as well as the M2 ion channel, to coordinate budding and release of new virions, with its pH-dependent conformational changes regulating disassembly upon host cell entry.^[56]^[57] This protein's conservation across influenza A strains makes it a target for broad-spectrum antivirals, such as those disrupting M1 self-association to inhibit viral assembly and replication in infected cells, as shown in biochemical assays measuring reduced virion production.^[58]^[59] Structural analyses via cryo-electron microscopy confirm M1's tetrameric organization essential for maintaining viral integrity during transmission.^[60]

Transportation

Infrastructure

The M1 motorway in England connects London to Leeds over 193.6 miles, serving as the United Kingdom's first inter-urban motorway, which opened on 2 November 1959 between Watford and Rugby before subsequent extensions. It typically features dual three- or four-lane carriageways, with smart motorway upgrades—such as dynamic hard shoulder running implemented in sections like junctions 10 to 13 in 2012—adding capacity equivalent to an extra lane and improving traffic flow through variable speed limits and technology. These enhancements handle peak daily traffic exceeding 150,000 vehicles in busy stretches, facilitating freight movement that underpins regional trade by linking ports, airports, and industrial hubs. The network supports three-quarters of UK road-based imports and exports, reducing journey times and logistics costs for businesses reliant on just-in-time supply chains. In the Republic of Ireland, the M1 extends approximately 80 km from Dublin north to Dundalk near the border, constructed in phases from 1985 to 2007, including the Santry Bypass in 1983 and full motorway standard completion by 2005. Designed as a dual two- to three-lane highway with grade-separated junctions, it connects to the Northern Ireland M1, forming a seamless 164 km corridor to Belfast that has driven a rise in cross-border exports from 16% to 23% of Ireland's total UK trade share between 2019 and 2022. This infrastructure bolsters economic integration by enabling efficient haulage of goods, with dedicated service areas added from 2010 to support long-haul operations. The Northern Ireland segment of the M1 spans 61.6 km from Belfast to Dungannon, opened in phases starting 10 July 1962 as the island's inaugural motorway, primarily dual two-lane with later widenings for higher capacity. It integrates with the all-Ireland route, enhancing trade flows critical for freight between urban centers and ports. The M1 metro line in Budapest, known as the Millennium Underground, comprises a 4.4 km fixed rail network with 11 stations, operational since 2 May 1896 as continental Europe's oldest underground system, initially built using cut-and-cover methods over 3.7 km. Electrified at 550 V DC, it provides urban connectivity with trains running at up to 40 km/h, extended in 1973 and later to serve Pest's core, supporting daily ridership through dedicated tunnels and surface sections that alleviate road congestion in the historic district.

Vehicles

The BMW M1, produced from 1978 to 1981, was a mid-engine sports car developed by BMW to compete in motorsport while meeting FIA homologation requirements for Group 5 racing, resulting in a production run of 453 units to satisfy the 400-unit minimum for eligibility.^[61] Its design emphasized lightweight construction with a tubular spaceframe chassis clad in a fiberglass body, achieving a curb weight of approximately 1,300 kg, which contributed to agile handling and high-speed stability driven by market demands for performance supremacy in the era's supercar segment.^[62] Powered by a transversely mounted 3.5-liter inline-six M88 engine producing 277 horsepower and 243 lb-ft of torque in road trim, the M1 accelerated from 0 to 60 mph in under 6 seconds and reached a top speed of 163 mph, feats enabled by advanced engineering like double-overhead cams and Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection that prioritized efficiency and power delivery amid oil crisis constraints.^[63] ^[61] This engineering focus stemmed from BMW's ambition to rival Ferrari and Lamborghini, leading to innovations such as the first BMW Motorsport GmbH project with a purpose-built racing-derived platform, including independent suspension and disc brakes on all wheels, which set benchmarks for road-legal track performance.^[64] Production delays from initial Lamborghini partnership failures necessitated BMW's direct involvement via contract manufacturers like Baur and Karmann, underscoring the competitive pressures that refined its aerodynamics—featuring a low drag coefficient of 0.33—and wedge-shaped profile for downforce without active aids.^[62] While racing variants like the Procar series pushed outputs to over 400 hp and speeds exceeding 190 mph, the civilian model balanced homologation necessities with street usability, influencing subsequent M-series vehicles.^[65] No other prominent civilian automobiles, motorcycles, or aviation vehicles bear the M1 designation with comparable production or engineering significance, though regulatory categories like EU vehicle class M1 denote passenger cars up to eight seats, distinct from specific model naming.

Other uses

Culture and media

The M1 Garand rifle, the standard U.S. service rifle during World War II, has been depicted in various films portraying American military operations, including Battleground (1949), which showcases its use by infantry in the Battle of the Bulge, and Saving Private Ryan (1998), where it underscores the weapon's semi-automatic reliability in combat sequences.^[66]^[67] These portrayals often highlight the rifle's distinctive en bloc clip ejection sound, though some productions prioritize dramatic tension over precise tactical employment, such as simplified reloading mechanics.^[68] The M1 Abrams main battle tank appears in modern warfare films like American Sniper (2014) and Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009), typically in urban combat or high-mobility scenarios emphasizing its armored dominance.^[69] However, due to restrictions on using active U.S. military vehicles, many depictions employ surrogate props, such as demilitarized British Chieftain tanks modified to resemble the Abrams, resulting in visual inaccuracies like mismatched turret profiles or suspension details that diverge from the original design's sloped composite armor and turbine engine characteristics.^[70] In video games, the M1 Garand features in World War II-themed titles such as Call of Duty: WWII (2017), where players experience its eight-round capacity and bayonet compatibility in multiplayer modes.^[71] Dedicated simulations like M1 Tank Platoon II (1998) allow command of M1A2 Abrams platoons, incorporating realistic fire control systems and crew roles, though abstracted for gameplay to balance simulation with accessibility.^[72] Such representations generally adhere more closely to operational manuals than cinematic counterparts, avoiding narrative-driven distortions but occasionally simplifying complex ballistics for broader appeal.^[73]

Miscellaneous designations

M1 Limited is a telecommunications company headquartered in Singapore, established in 1994 and launching commercial mobile services in 1997 as one of the nation's initial operators.^[74]^[75] It provided mobile, broadband, and enterprise solutions until its delisting from the Singapore Exchange in August 2025 following acquisition by a consortium including Keppel Corporation.^[75]^[76] M1 Finance LLC operates as a U.S. brokerage firm specializing in automated investing, lending, and cash management tools, enabling users to create custom portfolios with fractional shares and dynamic rebalancing.^[77]^[78] Founded to integrate individual control with algorithmic efficiency, it has served hundreds of thousands of clients through commission-free trading since its inception around 2015.^[79]^[80] In urban planning, M1 commonly designates light industrial zoning districts across U.S. municipalities, permitting uses such as manufacturing, warehousing, assembly, and limited commercial activities while restricting heavy pollution or residential development to maintain compatibility with adjacent areas.^[81]^[82] For instance, New York City's M1 districts allow accessory residential uses in manufacturing buildings under bulk and performance standards, and Frederick County, Virginia's M1 zone emphasizes planned industrial parks for light industry and offices.^[83]^[81]

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Apple M1 Vs Intel 11th Gen Core Vs AMD Ryzen 4000 | Volico
Feb 2, 2021 · Scores on Geekbench 5 show that Apple M1 can achieve a 1687 single-thread score and about 7433 multi-thread scores. Through comparison, the A14 ...
[45]
Anyone else worried about how long Apple will support the M1 chip ...
Oct 4, 2024 · Historically, Apple stops major macOS updates at 6-7 years after product launch. Since M1 is a 2020 product, that puts it at 2026-2027.
[46]
Apple unleashes M5, the next big leap in AI performance for Apple ...
opens in new window. PRESS RELEASE October 15, 2025. Apple unleashes M5, the next big leap in AI performance for Apple silicon. M5 delivers over 4x the peak ...
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Is 2025 The END Of the M1 MacBook Air? - YouTube
Jul 5, 2025 · After almost 5 years, is the M1 MacBook Air finally starting to show it's age? And can it keep up with the latest M4 MacBook Air?
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Macrophage polarization: an important role in inflammatory diseases
M1 macrophages can induce inflammation, but M2 macrophages suppress it. The imbalance between the two kinds of macrophages will have a significant impact on the ...
[49]
M1/M2 macrophages and their overlaps – myth or reality? - PMC
Aug 2, 2023 · Polarized M1 macrophages are effector cells induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ ( ...Missing: peer- | Show results with:peer-
[50]
Macrophage fate: to kill or not to kill? | Infection and Immunity
Jun 3, 2024 · M1-like macrophages generally have a proinflammatory activation pattern where they (i) secrete inflammatory cytokines and chemokines; (ii) ...
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Visualizing inflammation with an M1 macrophage selective probe ...
Oct 10, 2022 · M1 macrophages are characterized by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and exhibiting microbicidal activity. However, the continuous over- ...
[52]
The role of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of ...
The main functions of M1 macrophages include pathogen clearance, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species ...<|separator|>
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Advances in the study of macrophage polarization in inflammatory ...
Oct 12, 2023 · It is widely accepted that M1-type macrophages produce cytokines that promote inflammation, while M2-type macrophages produce cytokines that ...Missing: peer- | Show results with:peer-
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Matrix Protein 1 (M1) of Influenza A Virus: Structural and Functional ...
Sep 9, 2025 · The M1 protein not only interacts with host cells but also regulates viral morphogenesis, thereby influencing viral transmissibility and ...
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Full-length three-dimensional structure of the influenza A virus M1 ...
Sep 30, 2020 · Underneath the viral envelope of influenza virus, matrix protein 1 (M1) forms an oligomeric layer critical for particle stability and pH- ...
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Molecular patterns of matrix protein 1 (M1): A strong ... - PNAS
Mar 4, 2025 · The matrix protein M1, a key structural component of the virion, plays a crucial role in maintaining the viral structure and lifecycle. To ...
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Broad Spectrum Anti-Influenza Agents by Inhibiting Self-Association ...
Aug 30, 2016 · The M1 protein forms a three-dimensional layer underneath the lipid bilayer of the virion serving as a bridge to connect the membrane proteins ...
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What are influenza virus M1 inhibitors and how do they work?
Jun 25, 2024 · One of the primary mechanisms by which M1 inhibitors work is by disrupting the assembly and budding of new viral particles. During the ...
[59]
Conformational triggers associated with influenza matrix protein 1 ...
The matrix protein 1 (M1) is the most abundant and most highly conserved protein of the influenza A virus (6, 7) making it a compelling antiviral target. M1 is ...
[60]
Influenza A M2 recruits M1 to the plasma membrane - Cell Press
One of the most abundant proteins in IAV particles is the matrix protein 1 (M1), which is essential for the virus structural stability. M1 organizes virion ...
[61]
BMW M1 (E26) (1978-1981) Photos, engines & full specs
The BMW M1 (E26) was produced 1978-1981, with a 3.5L 6-cylinder engine, 277 hp, 243 lb-ft torque, 163 mph top speed, and 5.9s 0-62 mph. Only 453 units were ...
[62]
BMW M1: History, Design, Specifications - MotorTrend
Jun 25, 2020 · The BMW M1's engine is a 3.5-liter straight-six produced by BMW and making around 274 hp in street trim and over 400 hp in race tune.
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1978 - 1981 BMW M1 - Supercars.net
The BMW M1, a high-performance mid-engined coupe with a 3.5L straight-six engine, was produced from 1978-1981, with 277 bhp and 0-100 km/h in under 6 seconds.
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from Procar to icon - BMW M1
The BMW M1, a 1978 technical pioneer, was the first BMW Motorsport design, with a 6-cylinder engine, 277 hp, and 265 km/h top speed. 460 were built.
[65]
BMW M1 (1979) - pictures, information & specs - NetCarShow.com
Even this was very little compared with the racing version: Developing 470 hp, the ProCar racing version had a top speed well over 300 km/h or 190 mph. And it ...
[66]
Vehicle category - Wikipedia
Category M: used for the carriage of passengers. Category M1: no more than eight seats in addition to the driver seat (mainly, cars) · Category N: used for the ...
[67]
https://www.beachesofnormandy.com/articles/The_M1_Garand_rifle/?id=7497fe4b7a
[68]
The M1 Garand rifle | Newsletter Archive | History Tours
The 15-year project eventually gave birth to the Semiautomatic, Caliber .30, M1 Rifle, commonly known as the M1 Garand, America's premier rifle in World War II.
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Ex Historiam - M1 Garand - Recoil Magazine
Aug 9, 2016 · The M1 in Popular Culture. The M1 rifle has been seen in countless movies, TV shows and video games. Its first recorded use in a movie was in ...
[70]
https://manlymovie.net/2015/09/in-movies-m1-abrams.html
[71]
In Movies: Fake M1 Abrams - ManlyMovie
Sep 21, 2015 · Most of the time when you see an M1 Abrams in a movie, it's not the real deal. These are highly expensive pieces of machinery with one tank requiring an entire ...
[72]
COD WWII: Road To Gold (M1 Garand) - YouTube
Nov 9, 2017 · COD WWII: Road To Gold (M1 Garand) · Comments.Missing: featuring | Show results with:featuring
[73]
M1 Tank Platoon II - GOG.com
In stock Rating 3.7 (11) M1 Tank platoon II gives you command of a platoon of four M1A2 Abrams tanks and their crew. You make all the important decisions; including firing your tank's ...
[74]
Old Gamers Never Die: An Overview of 'M1 Tank Platoon'
May 22, 2022 · As the name suggests, M1 Tank Platoon is both a user-friendly vehicle simulator and a small-unit tactical level command simulation. At the core, ...
[75]
About Us - M1
Since the launch of commercial services in 1997, we have achieved many firsts – becoming one of the first operators to be awarded one of Singapore's two ...
[76]
The highs and lows of M1: From bright beginnings to delisting ... - CNA
Aug 11, 2025 · SINGAPORE: When M1 launched in 1997, the telco's popularity grew quickly – within a month, it had captured 10 per cent of the market share ...
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M1 - 2025 Company Profile, Funding & Competitors - Tracxn
Aug 11, 2025 · M1 is an acquired company based in Singapore (Singapore), founded in 1997. It operates as a Mobile and fixed communication services provider ...
[78]
M1 FINANCE LLC - BrokerCheck - finra
A brokerage firm, also called a broker-dealer, is in the business of buying and selling securities – stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and certain other investment ...
[79]
M1's Mission: Empower financial well being - M1 Finance
Earn 5.00% APY on cash accounts, invest commission-free, and manage loans with M1's all-in-one financial platform. Join now and start growing your wealth!
[80]
M1 Holdings - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding
M1 is a personal finance platform made for the modern era, uniting individual perspective with automated ease. Hundreds of thousands of investors have taken ...
[81]
Why I founded M1 Finance
Mar 27, 2017 · M1 is a company out to change how the world manages money, allowing people from all walks of life to build and easily manage wealth.
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Frederick County, VA M1 Light Industrial District - eCode360
The intent of this district is to provide for a variety of light manufacturing, commercial office and heavy commercial uses in well-planned industrial settings.
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Residential Uses in M1-1D Through M1-5D Districts | UpCodes
Explore a searchable database of US construction and building code. Code regulations are consolidated by state and city for easier navigation.
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Chapter 2 - Use Regulations - Zoning Resolution - NYC.gov
In order to carry out the purposes and provisions of this Resolution, the uses within buildings or other structures as well as the open uses of zoning lots, ...