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Microsoft Paint

Microsoft Paint is a simple developed by and included as a standard application with every version of the Microsoft Windows operating system since Windows 1.0, which was released in November 1985. Designed for basic image creation and editing, it provides tools such as a , , , , shapes, text insertion, and fill options, allowing users to , paint, and manipulate images using a mouse, stylus, or touchscreen. Originally adapted from ZSoft Corporation's PC Paintbrush software, it debuted as a tool but gained color support with Windows 3.0 in 1990, evolving into an accessible entry point for and quick edits for generations of users. Over its nearly four decades, Microsoft Paint has remained notable for its straightforward interface and minimal resource requirements, making it a staple for casual sketching, creation, and educational purposes despite competition from more advanced software like . Key updates include a ribbon interface in (2009), and enhanced tools such as crop, resize, and rotate in later versions. In 2017, Microsoft initially planned to deprecate the classic version in favor of for the Windows 10 Fall Creators Update, sparking widespread backlash from users who valued its simplicity; the company reversed the decision, retaining and updating the original app as a free download. The modern iteration, refreshed for , incorporates AI-powered enhancements like Image Creator (powered by for generating images from text prompts), Background Removal, Layers, and transparency support (added in 2023), while maintaining compatibility with formats including , , , and . As of September 2025, further updates include project file support for saving multi-layer edits and adjustable stroke transparency. These additions, including support for devices like the Microsoft Surface Pen, have expanded its utility for creative tasks without compromising its core accessibility. Despite its basic origins, Paint's enduring popularity underscores its role as an iconic piece of software that democratized digital drawing for non-professionals worldwide.

Overview

Description and purpose

Microsoft Paint is a simple that has been included with every version of Microsoft Windows since its debut in 1985 with Windows 1.0. Designed for basic image creation and manipulation, it allows users to work with images composed of individual pixels, enabling straightforward drawing and editing tasks without the complexity of professional software. The program's primary purposes include producing quick sketches and doodles, conducting basic photo editing such as cropping and resizing, creating simple memes through text overlays and basic alterations, and serving as an accessible educational tool for introducing digital drawing concepts to beginners. Its intuitive interface makes it suitable for casual users, from children learning basic to hobbyists experimenting with visual ideas. Over time, Microsoft Paint has evolved from a minimal utility into a more capable app with enhancements like improved tools and integrations, yet it has consistently preserved its hallmark simplicity to remain approachable for non-experts. At its core, the editor relies on bitmap-based techniques for pixel-level manipulation, differing from editors that define images through scalable mathematical equations rather than fixed grids.

Availability and platform integration

Microsoft Paint has been bundled as a default application with every version of the Windows operating system since its introduction in in 1985, continuing through to the latest releases including Windows 11. This longstanding inclusion underscores its role as a core utility for basic , preinstalled on new Windows devices to ensure immediate accessibility without additional downloads. In modern Windows versions such as (version 22H2 build 19045.3758 and later) and , Paint is distributed through the , allowing users to optionally uninstall it via Settings > Apps > Installed apps and reinstall it as needed. This Store-based model enables independent updates separate from the operating system, enhancing flexibility while maintaining its status as an optional but readily available feature. Paint integrates seamlessly with other Windows tools, such as the , where captured screenshots can be directly edited by selecting "Edit with Paint" from the Snipping Tool interface. It also supports the Photos app by allowing users to open and edit images from photo collections, and contributes to File Explorer's preview functionality for supported formats like , , , and through system-level image handling. Although Microsoft Paint remains exclusive to Windows ecosystems with no official versions for non-Windows platforms, third-party emulations and apps inspired by it are available for web browsers, , and devices, providing limited cross-platform access to similar functionality. In terms of deprecation, the classic application has never been fully retired despite a 2017 announcement suggesting its phase-out; instead, it was preserved following user feedback and continues to receive updates. That year, introduced as a short-lived 3D-enhanced alternative bundled with the Fall Creators Update, but it failed to gain widespread adoption and was deprecated in 2024, with removal from the effective November 4, 2024. Existing installations of Paint 3D will function without further support, while the original Paint has seen a revival with new features like layers and AI tools.

History

Origins and early development (1984–1995)

Microsoft Paint originated as a simple graphics editor designed to complement the graphical user interface of early Windows systems, drawing inspiration from Apple's released in 1984. Developed under the leadership of Microsoft engineer Dan McCabe, it was adapted from ZSoft Corporation's PC Paintbrush software, which had been created for systems in 1984. This adaptation aimed to provide Windows users with a basic tool for creating and editing images, positioning it as a direct competitor to while leveraging existing PC graphics technology. The program debuted as "Paint" with the release of Windows 1.0 on November 20, 1985. In its initial form, it supported only bitmaps at a 1-bit , limiting output to graphics suitable for the era's low-resolution displays, typically 640x480 pixels or less. Core features included freehand drawing with a pencil tool, a tool for coloring areas, and basic geometric shapes such as lines, rectangles, and ellipses, all accessed via a rudimentary integrated into the Windows environment. These tools emphasized simplicity, allowing users to sketch directly with the mouse cursor on a blank , though the program's capabilities were constrained by the host operating system's monochrome limitations. As Windows evolved, Paint underwent refinements while retaining its foundational design. With in 1990, it was renamed "PC Paintbrush" to reflect its roots in ZSoft's original software, introducing a more intuitive interface with tiled windows and enhanced menu options. This version expanded support for color, aligning with VGA hardware standards. By in 1992, the color palette grew to 16 colors, enabling basic polychromatic editing and dithering patterns to simulate shades within the limited . The name was simplified to "" during this period, streamlining its identity ahead of further changes. Approaching 1995, Paint remained a lightweight accessory focused on accessibility rather than advanced functionality, with file saving in the native .MSP format for bitmaps. Its early iterations laid the groundwork for a tool that prioritized ease of use for non-professionals, evolving modestly to match hardware improvements without overcomplicating the core monochrome-to-color transition.

Windows 95 to XP era (1995–2006)

With the release of in 1995, Microsoft Paint underwent a significant from its previous name, "Paintbrush," to "Microsoft Paint," accompanied by a file and a redesigned featuring a "" style consistent with the operating system's aesthetic. This version integrated seamlessly with the 32-bit architecture of , marking a shift from the 16-bit limitations of earlier iterations and enabling better performance on the burgeoning consumer PC market. The update also introduced a Color dialog, allowing users to define and save personalized color palettes directly within the application, enhancing accessibility for basic tasks. In (1998), further refinements focused on efficiency, including toolbar reorganization to streamline and improved support for 256-color palettes, which aligned with the era's expanding display capabilities and facilitated more vibrant creations without requiring external software. and XP (2001) built on this foundation with targeted enhancements, such as alpha channel transparency preview for selections, enabling users to create images with see-through elements that preserved underlying layers during editing. The text also saw improvements, incorporating better integration with fonts for sharper, scalable typography suitable for annotations and simple graphics. Performance optimizations across these versions extended canvas capabilities to handle higher resolutions and larger working areas, supporting up to 64K x 64K pixels to accommodate the growing needs of digital hobbyists and early web designers. During this period, Microsoft Paint's simplicity and ubiquity—bolstered by Windows 95's massive adoption—fostered its rise as a staple for screenshot editing and meme creation in the nascent internet era, where its pixelated aesthetic became emblematic of participatory online culture, influencing formats like Rage Comics on platforms such as 4chan.

Windows Vista to 8 era (2007–2012)

With the release of Windows Vista in 2007, Microsoft Paint saw modest enhancements aimed at improving precision in editing tasks. The application introduced an expanded zoom capability, allowing users to magnify images up to 800% for finer control over details such as pixel-level adjustments. These changes built on the color depth expansions from the Windows XP era but prioritized usability over major overhauls. Windows 7, launched in 2009, brought further refinements with a focus on stability and . Minor fixes addressed issues like occasional crashes during file operations and improved rendering consistency. Paint gained better compatibility with the new , including support for thumbnail previews that displayed live glimpses of open canvases when hovering over the icon. File handling saw significant progress with the addition of native support as the default save format, offering superior to the default of prior versions. Saving as also introduced a quality slider in the export dialog, allowing users to balance and fidelity. In (2012), Paint adapted to the growing prevalence of touch-enabled tablets by incorporating touch-friendly interface adjustments and stylus input compatibility. This era marked a shift toward minimal core development for Paint, as Microsoft directed resources toward professional-grade alternatives such as , which had emerged as a robust, free successor with layers and advanced effects since its initial in 2004. Overall, these updates refined Paint as a lightweight utility amid Windows' evolution toward modern, touch-centric interfaces.

Windows 10 era (2015–2020)

With the launch of on July 29, 2015, Paint remained a core component as the classic desktop application for simple editing, retaining its familiar interface and tools from previous versions. In 2017, sought to evolve the application by introducing as part of the Creators Update, released on April 11, positioning it as a modern successor with capabilities, including tools for adding stickers and converting 2D images to 3D models. was installed alongside the traditional Paint, allowing users to choose between the two, though initially promoted the new app as the future direction. However, in July 2017, Microsoft listed the classic Paint among deprecated features for future updates, signaling plans to phase it out in favor of due to the latter's advanced features. This announcement sparked significant user backlash, with many expressing attachment to Paint's simplicity and criticizing 's added complexity for basic tasks. In response, Microsoft reversed course, confirming that Paint would not be removed and would instead become a free standalone download from the , ensuring its continued availability. By 2018, the classic Paint was reaffirmed as the default image editor, while Paint 3D served as an optional alternative amid ongoing user preference for the original's straightforward design. That year, the Windows 10 April 2018 Update enhanced usability across apps, including Paint, by introducing an accessible emoji panel (activated via Windows key + .) for inserting emojis directly into drawings and text. Throughout the late 2010s, Paint received minor refinements for compatibility and performance, such as improved support for high-DPI displays introduced in earlier updates. In 2020, marking 35 years since its debut in 1985, acknowledged Paint's enduring legacy, highlighting its role in generations of user creativity.

Windows 11 and modern updates (2021–present)

With the release of in 2021, Paint underwent a visual and performance refresh to align with the operating system's , incorporating material for translucent, wallpaper-adaptive backgrounds in its user interface to enhance aesthetic integration and responsiveness. The app also gained native support for ARM64 architecture, allowing it to run efficiently on devices like the Pro X without , improving battery life and speed for lightweight editing tasks. In 2023, Paint received significant feature expansions through previews and stable updates, including full support for layers and , enabling users to stack and edit multiple non-destructive elements on the canvas similar to professional tools. This was complemented by an AI-powered background removal tool, which uses to isolate subjects and erase backgrounds in a single click, streamlining photo editing workflows. Later that year, the introduction of Paint Cocreator integrated OpenAI's DALL-E 3 model, allowing users to generate images from text prompts directly within the app, fostering creative experimentation while maintaining the tool's accessibility. In August 2024, Microsoft deprecated , removing it from the on November 4, 2024, while continuing to support the classic Paint app. Building on this momentum, 2024 and 2025 brought further professional-grade enhancements, such as intelligent auto-enhance for automatic adjustments to exposure, , and sharpness, powered by to refine images with minimal user input. In September 2025, Microsoft rolled out support for project files in a native .paint format, akin to Photoshop's , which preserves layers, transparency, and edits for non-destructive workflows, allowing seamless resumption of complex projects. These updates also included generative fill capabilities, enabling -assisted expansion or modification of image elements, rolled out via version 24H2. Microsoft has positioned Paint as an evolving "modern " for casual and semi-professional use, emphasizing integrations that augment rather than complicate its core simplicity, with ongoing previews signaling continued refinements through 2025 and beyond.

Features

User interface and

Paint's features a central workspace where users create and raster images, surrounded by a at the top that organizes tools and commands into tabs such as and View for efficient access. The left-side toolbox panel provides quick selection of drawing instruments, including the , , , and selection tools, while the bottom section houses a color palette allowing users to choose from preset colors or input custom values using , RGB, or formats. This layout, introduced in later versions, emphasizes simplicity and intuitiveness, enabling seamless interaction between the workspace and controls without cluttering the drawing area. Navigation within Paint relies on tools like the zoom slider located in the lower-right corner of the interface, which allows users to magnify the canvas up to 200% or reduce it for an overview, facilitating precise editing on detailed areas. Panning is achieved by holding the spacebar and dragging the mouse or using scroll bars when the canvas exceeds the window size, providing fluid movement across larger images. For alignment, gridlines can be toggled via the View tab to display a non-printing overlay that aids in positioning elements, though Paint lacks automatic snap-to-grid functionality and relies on manual alignment with the visible grid. Accessibility in Paint integrates Windows system features, including high-contrast mode, which enhances visibility by applying bold outlines and simplified colors across the interface when enabled through system settings. Keyboard shortcuts further support efficient navigation, such as Ctrl+Z to undo actions, Ctrl+A to select all, and Ctrl+O to open files, allowing users to perform common tasks without relying solely on mouse input. These elements ensure broader , particularly for users with motor or visual impairments. The interface has evolved significantly since its origins in Windows 1.0 (1985), where it used basic icon-only menus and pull-down options without a structured toolbar, prioritizing minimalism on limited hardware. The ribbon toolbar was introduced in the Windows 7 version (2009), replacing traditional menus with tabbed panels to consolidate tools and reduce clicks, a design carried forward to Windows 10. In Windows 11 (2021 onward), the UI received a Fluent Design refresh with rounded corners, acrylic effects, and a searchable command bar in some tabs for quicker feature discovery, marking a shift toward modern, adaptive layouts. Customization options in recent versions include theme switching between light and dark modes directly within Paint's settings menu, independent of or synced with Windows system preferences, to match user environments and reduce . The workspace supports resizing by dragging window edges, automatically adjusting the canvas view while maintaining tool accessibility, though the remains fixed in height for consistency.

Basic drawing and painting tools

Microsoft Paint's basic drawing and painting tools enable users to create simple artwork and edit images using intuitive controls accessed from the . The tool facilitates freehand drawing with single-pixel precision, suitable for detailed line work on the canvas. Recent updates introduced a size slider for the , allowing adjustable thickness with preview on the canvas for more controlled application. The brush tool supports varied stroke styles, including calligraphic, watercolor, and oil effects, with configurable sizes to simulate different techniques. Like the , the brush now features an enhanced size slider offering a broader range of options and canvas preview, improving usability for freehand creation. Freehand drawing with the or benefits from implicit smoothing when zoomed in, reducing for straighter lines without dedicated stabilization settings. Shape tools provide geometric drawing capabilities, including straight lines, curves, rectangles, polygons, and ellipses, each selectable from the shapes dropdown in the . These tools operate in outline mode for bordered edges or filled mode for solid interiors, with line thickness adjustable via the size reference box to ensure consistent appearance. Curves can be refined by clicking additional points after initial placement, allowing for smooth, multi-segment arcs. The fill tool, represented by a paint bucket , executes to replace colors within enclosed areas, using the for left-click actions or for right-click to avoid overwriting adjacent regions. The eraser tool selectively removes pixels, restoring them to the background or , and supports variable sizes via a dedicated slider for precise or broad erasure, with preview functionality in updated versions. Text insertion allows adding alphanumeric content via the text tool, where users click to create a bounding box and select from available fonts, sizes, bold/italic styles, and colors in the font dialog. While direct rotation is unavailable, text can be oriented by selecting and skewing the area in the resize menu for angular placement. No toggle exists, preserving the app's crisp, pixel-based rendering. Paint maintains an undo/redo stack for reversing or reapplying actions via Ctrl+Z and Ctrl+Y, supporting multiple steps to facilitate iterative editing without permanent loss. In modern Windows 11 versions, the stack is accessible through the toolbar icons or keyboard shortcuts, though no dedicated history panel displays thumbnails of prior states.

Selection and editing capabilities

Microsoft Paint provides several tools for selecting portions of an image, enabling users to isolate areas for further manipulation without affecting the rest of the canvas. The primary selection options include the rectangular select tool, which allows users to drag a straight-edged box around a defined area for precise, geometric selections, and the free-form select tool (also known as lasso), which permits irregular, hand-drawn boundaries to capture non-uniform shapes. These selections create a movable, editable marquee that outlines the chosen region, supporting operations like dragging to reposition within the canvas. Once a selection is made, users can perform standard editing actions such as to remove, duplicate, or relocate the selected content. Cutting or copying places the content on the , while pasting inserts it as a floating object that can be dragged, resized, or combined with the existing ; in modern versions, pasted selections retain their original position relative to the if not moved. Additional transformations include , available in 90-degree increments clockwise or counterclockwise via the Image menu, and flipping, which mirrors the selection horizontally or vertically to create symmetrical effects or correct orientations. Resizing a selection is handled through the Resize dialog (accessed via Ctrl+W or right-click), where users can scale by percentage or pixels while optionally checking "Maintain " to prevent distortion by linking horizontal and vertical dimensions proportionally. The tool in Microsoft Paint facilitates trimming the image to a selected area, effectively discarding content outside the for a focused . Users first create a rectangular or free-form selection, then click the Crop button in the to apply the change instantly; this method supports freehand cropping via the but does not offer predefined fixed ratios, though the selection preview provides a live view of the intended boundaries before confirmation. For transparency handling, pasting supports alpha channels from imported files, allowing semi-transparent or fully transparent elements to overlay without a solid , which is particularly useful when combining images with layered . Distinguishing between canvas and image resizing offers flexibility in composition. Resizing the expands or contracts the overall workspace without altering the content, achieved by dragging the lower-right corner when no selection is active or via > Attributes to specify exact dimensions in pixels, adding around the unchanged artwork. In contrast, resizing the itself scales the pixels of the entire content (or selected portion), potentially introducing artifacts if is not preserved, with no built-in warnings but user-controlled options to maintain proportions. This separation enables non-destructive adjustments, such as enlarging the for adding borders or elements while keeping the core intact.

Color management and palettes

Microsoft Paint provides users with a straightforward tool, represented by an eyedropper icon, allowing them to sample colors directly from the or an imported image for precise matching. This tool enables quick selection of existing hues, facilitating consistent color application across drawings. Additionally, the Edit Colors dialog, accessible via the Colors menu or by double-clicking a color square, offers RGB sliders for fine-tuning custom colors, along with numerical input for , , and values ranging from 0 to 255. Users can define and add these custom colors to the palette, which persists for the current session and supports saving up to 24 custom slots alongside the default set. The application's palette consists of a standard 48-color , comprising 24 predefined basic colors derived from the Windows system palette—such as primary hues, grays, and pastels—and 24 slots for user-defined custom colors. While Paint operates in a full 24-bit color mode for editing, enabling over 16 million colors, it historically supported modes with up to 256 colors for compatibility with legacy formats, applying dithering algorithms to approximate gradients or smooth transitions when reducing . This dithering simulates intermediate shades by mixing adjacent palette colors in a patterned manner, though it can introduce visual artifacts like banding in complex gradients. Paint does not natively include web-safe palette options, but users can manually select from the 216 web-safe colors using the RGB sliders for cross-browser compatibility. Transparency in Microsoft Paint is handled through a single via the Transparent selection option, which treats one designated color—typically the background—as see-through when copying or pasting selections. Prior to recent updates, this limited support meant no per-pixel alpha channel, but saving in format preserved basic by rendering the indexed transparent color as clear. In September 2023, enhanced these capabilities with full layer support and per-pixel alpha for files, allowing multiple transparent elements and non-destructive editing without flattening to a single color index. For color replacement, Paint lacks a dedicated but employs a using the eraser with the secondary color set to the desired replacement hue; when erasing the target color (set as the primary), it swaps instances across the . This method, effective for uniform color swaps, relies on the application's color handling rather than advanced selection algorithms.

File formats and export options

Microsoft Paint's native file format is the proprietary MSP (Microsoft Paint) bitmap, which was used in early versions of the application for and 2.x, supporting only monochrome images with . This format has limited use today, as it was deprecated starting with in favor of more standard formats, and modern versions of Paint no longer save in MSP. The application supports opening and saving in several common raster image formats, including for uncompressed bitmaps, for compressed images with a default quality setting that applies moderate compression without user-adjustable controls, for lossless compression with alpha support added in (2007), and for simple graphics, though animated GIFs are imported as static single frames only. Additional formats like and HEIC are supported in versions with appropriate system extensions, but Paint prioritizes , , , and as core options. Export options in Paint include printing via the File menu or Ctrl+P, copying selections or the entire canvas to the clipboard with Ctrl+C for pasting into other applications, and sharing images directly to compatible Windows apps through the system's share functionality. A web-based version of Paint introduced in 2022 via allows direct uploads to cloud services like during export. Saving mechanics have evolved, with recent updates introducing support for project files. In 2025, added for files with the extension, users to layered edits and non-destructive modifications for later resumption, similar to tools but limited to Paint's . Limitations include no native import or export for formats like or layered files like , as Paint is designed for raster editing only, and maximum file sizes are constrained by available system , often resulting in errors for images exceeding several gigabytes depending on hardware.

Advanced and AI-enhanced features

In recent updates to Microsoft Paint for , layers functionality was introduced in September 2023 as part of the 23H2 update, allowing users to work with multiple overlapping layers for more complex compositions while supporting and non-destructive editing. This feature enables adjustable opacity for each layer, facilitating precise control over image elements without permanently altering underlying content. Although blending modes are not explicitly supported, the layer system integrates seamlessly with existing tools for , marking a significant from Paint's traditional single-layer approach. AI-powered tools have further expanded Paint's capabilities, beginning with background removal in September 2023, which uses to automatically isolate subjects and erase backgrounds in a single click, producing smooth cutouts suitable for quick edits or overlays. Later that year, Image Creator was integrated, leveraging OpenAI's model to generate diverse images from text prompts directly within the app, enabling users to create original artwork or inspirations without external tools. As of October 2025, additional features include Restyle for applying artistic styles to images and tools to create short animations from static images on Copilot+ PCs. To support layered workflows, introduced project files in September 2025, using the .paint format to save multi-layer compositions in an editable state, akin to professional formats like , allowing users to resume work without flattening the image. This non-destructive saving preserves opacity settings, layer order, and transparency, streamlining processes. Additional precision tools include and protractor guides, which provide and angular alignment aids for accurate line drawing, enhancing geometric tasks in both mouse and touch modes. Stencil mode allows tracing predefined shapes for consistent outlines, while ink-to-shape conversion refines freehand sketches into clean vectors, particularly useful on touch-enabled devices for converting rough drawings into polished forms. Cocreator, an integration available as of early 2025, combines user sketches with text prompts to generate enhanced illustrations collaboratively in , requiring a and NPU-equipped hardware for optimal performance.

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