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Non-attached members

Non-attached members, also known as non-inscrits in , are Members of the (MEPs) who do not belong to any of the formally recognized political groups within the institution. These MEPs typically represent national parties or independents whose ideological positions or strategic choices prevent affiliation with groups that require at least 23 members from seven or more member states sharing political affinities. Unlike grouped MEPs, non-attached members operate individually or in loose coordination, with their parliamentary rights—such as speaking time, committee assignments, and budget allocations for political activities—governed by specific rules set by the Parliament's Bureau. They receive dedicated funding for information and political activities, administered separately from group budgets, but lack collective influence in key bodies like the Conference of Presidents, where they hold one non-voting seat. In the 10th European Parliament (2024–2029), approximately 30 MEPs are non-attached, comprising a heterogeneous mix drawn from diverse national contexts, including smaller or non-mainstream parties across the ideological spectrum. This status allows flexibility but limits procedural advantages, such as enhanced agenda-setting power afforded to larger groups.

Definition and Terminology

Non-attached members, formally designated as such in the 's organizational rules, are Members of the (MEPs) who choose not to join or are ineligible for any of the Parliament's cross-national political groups. These individuals operate independently of group structures, which are formed based on shared political affinities and require a minimum of 23 MEPs from at least seven member states to establish. The status ensures that MEPs cannot simultaneously belong to multiple groups, preserving the integrity of group-based parliamentary organization. The terminology originates from the "non-inscrits," literally meaning "non-registered" or "non-enrolled," and is commonly abbreviated as in official parliamentary records and proceedings. This designation highlights their lack of inscription into a political group, contrasting with the structured affiliations that dominate parliamentary activities, such as committee assignments and plenary debates. Non-attached status does not imply formal independence from national parties, as MEPs may still align with domestic political entities while forgoing European group membership.

Formation Rules for Political Groups

Political groups in the are established pursuant to Rule 32 of the Parliament's Rules of Procedure, which permits Members of the (MEPs) to organize into groups based solely on shared political affinities, explicitly prohibiting formations grounded in parties, offices, or considerations. This requirement ensures that groups reflect ideological coherence rather than parochial or procedural alignments, fostering transnational parliamentary cooperation. To qualify as a political group, a minimum threshold of 23 is required, drawn from at least one-quarter of the Member States—currently seven out of 27—ensuring broad geographic representation across the . from the same national party cannot form or dominate a group independently, and no may simultaneously belong to more than one group, as stipulated in Rule 33, which underscores the exclusive nature of group membership to prevent overlapping allegiances. These numerical and compositional criteria, adjusted downward from 25 following the elections to account for the reduced size post-Brexit, aim to balance inclusivity with viability for effective group functioning. Formation occurs primarily during the constitutive session at the start of each parliamentary term, typically within one month of the 's opening after European elections, though groups may also reconstitute following significant membership changes, such as expulsions or withdrawals, provided the deadlines and criteria are met. Declarations of group formation must be submitted to the President of the , who verifies compliance with the rules before granting official recognition, including entitlements to resources like funding, staff, and representation. MEPs unable or unwilling to join an existing group or meet these thresholds for a new one default to non-attached status, highlighting how stringent formation rules inherently delineate the boundaries of group affiliation.
CriterionRequirement
Minimum MEPs23
Minimum Member States represented7 (one-quarter of 27 EU states)
Basis of formationPolitical affinity only; no national, technical, or office-based groups
Membership exclusivityOne group per MEP; no dual affiliations
TimingWithin one month of term start or relevant membership changes

Role and Limitations in the European Parliament

Procedural Rights and Participation

Non-attached members, also known as non-inscrits (), retain core procedural rights as individual Members of the (MEPs), including the ability to vote on all legislative and non-legislative matters without restriction, submit written questions to institutions under Rule 144, and participate in pursuant to Rule 143. They may also table amendments in committee proceedings as per Rule 224 and deliver personal statements during plenary sessions under Rule 180. However, unlike MEPs affiliated with political groups, non-attached members lack collective mechanisms for amplifying their input, requiring them to secure individual support from other MEPs to advance motions or amendments effectively. In plenary debates, speaking time for non-attached members is allocated separately after distributions to political groups, calculated proportionally to their overall numbers and often doubled to accommodate linguistic and procedural diversity among them, as outlined in Rule 178. This allocation ensures minimal representation but remains subordinate to group priorities, resulting in fewer opportunities compared to grouped MEPs, who benefit from coordinated slots. Non-attached members may request extraordinary plenary debates or sessions if at least 36 of them support the initiative, per Rules 168 and 142, though this threshold is rarely met given their typical small numbers—fewer than 50 in most terms. They also hold a non-voting representative position in the Conference of Presidents, allowing observation but not decision-making influence under Rule 26. Regarding committee participation, non-attached members can be appointed to standing committees and delegations via nominations under Rules 216 and 229, and they receive access to proceedings and documents on par with other MEPs. Nevertheless, they are excluded from coordinators' meetings, which shape agendas and assignments, and rarely secure chair or vice-chair positions, which are reserved primarily for political groups. This limits their strategic input, as they cannot nominate or participate in fact-finding missions or oral questioning of the as routinely as group members do. The of the determines their specific parliamentary status and rights under Rule 31, ensuring baseline equity but reinforcing group advantages in and influence.

Funding, Resources, and Influence

Non-attached members receive collective financial support from the European Parliament's budget (item 400, totaling €67.5 million in ) for a shared and political and information activities, administered via direct payments or reimbursements by the Parliament's without independent management or carry-over of unused funds. This contrasts with political groups, which receive proportional allocations based on membership size as of 1 January each year, manage funds autonomously, and may carry over up to 50% of unused amounts. The non-attached secretariat is funded directly by the but permits no employment of additional contractual from this budget, unlike political groups, which establish secretariats scaled to membership and hire such personnel. Individual non-attached members retain equal access to per-MEP budgets for accredited parliamentary (up to €30,769 monthly in for expenses) and allowances, such as the €350 daily subsistence . However, the absence of group-scale resources constrains administrative and operational capacity. These limitations curtail non-attached members' , as political groups superior and for enhanced coordination, , events, and , securing advantages in roles, rapporteurships, and speaking time allocations. Non-attached members lack formal coordinators in committees and must rely on individual efforts or alliances, reducing their procedural and impact on legislative outcomes despite retaining basic rights like tabling amendments. Audited statements of non-attached expenditures are published by the , ensuring transparency but underscoring their dependent status.

Reasons for Non-Attachment

Ideological and Political Factors

Non-attached members frequently arise from ideological incompatibilities with the European Parliament's established political groups, which mandate a shared political among members as per Rule 33 of the EP's Rules of . This requirement ensures groups coalesce around coherent positions on core issues like EU integration, , and social matters, leaving MEPs whose views diverge significantly—often toward more extreme , , or minority ideological stances—unable or unwilling to join. For example, parties prioritizing uncompromised national sovereignty may reject group affiliation to avoid diluting their positions through transnational negotiations, as group membership implies acceptance of collective policy lines that could conflict with domestic mandates. Eurosceptic MEPs, in particular, often remain non-attached when their opposition to supranational authority exceeds the boundaries of groups like the Identity and Democracy (ID) or European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR), which tolerate limited reformism but enforce internal cohesion on integration-related votes. Data from voting analyses show non-inscrits exhibiting lower cohesion with mainstream groups, reflecting ideological outliers such as radical anti-federalism or resistance to EU fiscal transfers, which hinder alignment despite numerical thresholds for group formation (at least 23 MEPs from seven member states). In the 2019–2024 term, for instance, non-attached MEPs included representatives from parties like Hungary's Fidesz during its initial post-election period, driven by tensions over rule-of-law conditions and migration policies that clashed with ECR demands for moderated nationalism. Political factors compound these ideological rifts, as national party platforms emphasizing , economic , or non-interventionist foreign policies (e.g., skepticism toward or EU sanctions on ) create mismatches with groups' pro-EU leanings or compromise-oriented agendas. Empirical studies confirm compatibility as the dominant driver of affiliations, with non-attached status persisting for MEPs whose left-right or GAL-TAN (Green/Alternative-Libertarian vs. Traditional-Authoritarian-Nationalist) positions fall outside group medians, prioritizing ideological purity over procedural advantages like enhanced speaking time or funding. This dynamic has grown with rising fragmentation, as smaller or regionally focused parties—such as certain far-left or extreme-right factions—lack the ideological overlap needed for viable alliances, opting instead for independence to preserve voter-aligned stances unfiltered by group discipline.

Expulsions, Withdrawals, and Strategic Decisions

Expulsions from political groups in the often stem from violations of group statutes, including policy divergences or involvement in scandals that undermine collective values. For instance, on October 17, 2025, the Socialists and Democrats (S&D) group expelled the three MEPs from Slovakia's Smer-SD party, citing a breach of core values related to positions perceived as insufficiently supportive of amid its conflict with . The expelled MEPs, including Ľubica Janíková and others from the delegation, transitioned to non-attached status, with Smer-SD spokesperson Monika Beňová criticizing the decision as punishing a preference for "peace above war." Similarly, on March 4, 2025, S&D suspended two MEPs amid investigations tied to the Qatargate , relocating them to the non-attached ranks pending immunity proceedings requested by Belgian prosecutors. Voluntary withdrawals occur when MEPs or delegations deem group membership incompatible with their ideological commitments, prioritizing autonomy over collective resources. The (KKE) MEPs withdrew from left-wing groups following the 2014 European elections, rejecting alignments that conflicted with their stances on , policies, and EU foreign interventions. In July 2024, Czechia’s (KSČM) MEPs exited The Left group for analogous reasons, including opposition to group positions on and environmental regulations, viewing continued as a compromise of programmatic integrity. These exits reflect a calculated assessment that non-attached status preserves doctrinal purity despite forfeiting group funding and procedural advantages. Strategic decisions to forgo or abandon group attachment frequently arise among MEPs from parties emphasizing national sovereignty or rejecting supranational compromises. Romanian MEP , elected in 2024, declined overtures from potential groups, citing imposed conditions on issues like LGBTIQ rights as unacceptable dilutions of her positions; she stated, “I wasn’t looking for a group, they were looking for me, and they put conditions on it ... they want to be politically correct.” Such choices enable MEPs to evade mandatory group voting cohesion under of the Parliament's Rules of , allowing freer alignment with national mandates or personal convictions, though at the cost of diminished influence in committee assignments and plenary debates. This approach is common among sovereignist or extremist factions wary of the ideological concessions required for group formation thresholds of 23 MEPs from at least seven member states.

Historical Evolution

Inception in Early Directly Elected Parliaments (1979–1994)

The first direct elections to the European Parliament on 7–10 June 1979 marked the inception of non-attached membership in the context of universal suffrage, with 410 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) elected from nine member states. Of these, 400 joined one of seven political groups, while 10 MEPs (2.44%) remained non-attached, or non-inscrits. These non-attached MEPs included representatives from smaller or ideologically distinct national parties, such as certain regionalists or independents, who did not align with existing groups due to insufficient compatible partners or principled opposition to transnational affiliations. Non-attached status conferred limited procedural rights compared to group members, including reduced access to speaking time in plenary, committee assignments prioritized for groups, and no collective funding for staff or activities, though individual MEPs retained personal allowances. At the time, Parliament's rules permitted political groups to form with a minimum of nine MEPs sharing political affinities and representing at least three nationalities, without stringent multinational distribution requirements. This low threshold facilitated the creation of smaller groups like the Group for the Technical Coordination and Defence of Independent Groups and Members (, 11 seats), which absorbed potential independents such as Gaullists and other non-mainstream conservatives, and the Group of European Progressive Democrats (DEP, 22 seats). Consequently, non-attachment was rare, as MEPs from fringe ideologies—often far-right, communist dissidents, or nationalists—could coalesce into technical or affinity-based groups rather than remain isolated. The system's emphasis on voluntary political alignment, rooted in the Parliament's pre-1979 practices, prioritized cohesion for influence but left non-attached MEPs as marginal actors, comprising under 5% of seats. In the subsequent 1984–1989 term, following elections on 14–17 June 1984, the expanded slightly to 434 MEPs with Greece's full integration, yet non-attached members dwindled to 7 (1.61%), reflecting further group consolidation amid eight formations, including the Group of the European Right (16 seats) for nationalists. The 1989–1994 term saw enlargement to 12 states and 518 MEPs after and Portugal's accession, with non-attached rising modestly to 12 (2.32%), still below 5%, as 10 groups emerged to accommodate diverse post-Cold War ideologies. Throughout this period, non-attachment persisted primarily among MEPs whose national parties lacked transnational equivalents or rejected compromise, underscoring the early 's dynamics of limited fragmentation before stricter group-formation rules (raising thresholds to 23 MEPs from one-third of states by ) incentivized affiliation.

Growth Amid Party Fragmentation (1994–2014)

During the fourth term (1994–1999), the number of non-attached members rose to 27, comprising 4.8% of the total 567 MEPs, compared to 12 (2.3%) in the prior term. This increase stemmed partly from the dissolution of the Technical Group of the European Right following the 1994 elections, leaving its members without affiliation, alongside the inability of smaller nationalist and regionalist parties to meet group formation thresholds or integrate into emerging alliances like the new Union for Europe of the Nations (UEN). The fifth term (1999–2004) saw relative stability, with non-attached members holding steady at 26 seats out of 626 MEPs (4.2%), as some independents joined groups like the Europe of Democracies and Diversities (EDD) or Independence/Democracy (IND/DEM) after its formation in 2004. However, underlying fragmentation persisted, driven by the proliferation of national parties emphasizing , regionalism, and opposition to further post-Maastricht and treaties, which hindered cohesive transnational grouping. The 2004 enlargement dramatically amplified this trend by adding 154 MEPs from ten new Central and Eastern member states, introducing post-communist successor parties, agrarian movements, and nationalists whose platforms often diverged from Western-dominated groups. In the sixth term (2004–2009), non-attached membership averaged around 29 out of 732–785 MEPs (approximately 3.7–4%), but fluctuated higher—reaching up to 44 at points—due to failed group formations and internal splits, such as those in IND/DEM. Many Eastern MEPs from parties like Poland's Self-Defence or Latvia's remained unattached, as ideological mismatches and insufficient numbers from seven states prevented new groups, while mainstream alliances like the EPP and PES selectively admitted members to preserve cohesion. The seventh term (2009–2014) continued this pattern amid the , with non-attached numbers starting at around 30–35 out of 736–754 MEPs and peaking above 40 following 2009 election gains by eurosceptic and radical parties, including the UK's (three seats) and France's National Front (initially unattached before smaller formations). The 2007 addition of 34 MEPs from and further diversified the chamber, but similar integration barriers persisted for outliers like ethnic minority or anti-EU parties. Overall, this era's growth reflected causal factors including electoral volatility, stricter post-enlargement group rules (requiring 25 MEPs from one-quarter of states), and deliberate exclusions by established groups wary of reputational risks from associating with non-mainstream ideologies. In the 8th (2014–2019), non-attached members initially numbered 52, representing 6.92% of seats following the constitutive session after the May 2014 elections. This figure temporarily surged to around 100 in October 2014 amid flux in group formations, as several Eurosceptic delegations, including France's National Front, awaited or debated alliances before the Europe of Nations and Freedoms (ENF) group coalesced in June 2015 with 36 members focused on national sovereignty and anti-federalism. The non-attached cohort included Eurosceptic outliers such as Greece's (2 MEPs) and independents from and the , reflecting fragmentation among right-wing nationalists unable or unwilling to meet the 25-MEP, seven-country threshold for groups due to ideological divergences or insufficient transnational coordination. Overall Eurosceptic representation reached 29% of the Parliament (221 MEPs), driven by gains in the wake of the and migration pressures, though most consolidated into the Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (EFDD) and ENF groups, leaving non-attached as a residual for purist or isolated skeptics. The 9th European Parliament (2019–2024) saw non-attached members stabilize at 57 seats (approximately 8%) in the July 2019 constitutive session, fluctuating to around 50 by term's end amid expulsions and withdrawals. Composition featured Eurosceptic parties like Bulgaria's (Volya) and Romania's for the Union of Romanians, alongside independents and those ousted from groups, such as certain () affiliates post-internal disputes. Eurosceptic MEPs comprised about 31% overall when including non-attached, bolstered by post-Brexit nationalism and policy critiques, yet improved organization into (, successor to ENF) and () limited non-attached growth by absorbing moderate skeptics, confining the category to harder-line or domestically focused elements resistant to group compromises. Post-2014 dynamics highlight persistent Eurosceptic trends in non-attached ranks despite group consolidations, with numbers hovering at 7–8% of seats as ideological rigidity and variances hinder full integration. Temporary spikes, like the peak, underscore causal factors including election-driven surges (e.g., 's "Eurosceptic earthquake" yielding anti-EU gains in , , and ) and procedural hurdles, where failure to align across seven states strands delegations. This fragmentation reflects deeper causal realism in Eurosceptic politics—prioritizing over diluted alliances—yet non-attached status curtails procedural rights, incentivizing eventual grouping while sustaining dissent against EU integration, as evidenced by consistent representation of anti-federalist voices amid rising . By 2024, such trends amplified rightward shifts, with non-attached serving as a for unaccommodated skepticism amid broader parliamentary polarization.

Composition by Parliamentary Term

10th European Parliament (2024–2029)

The 10th , elected from 6 to 9 June 2024 and convened on 16 July 2024, features 30 non-attached members (Non-Inscrits), comprising 4% of the total 720 MEPs. These independents represent 12 member states and encompass ideological diversity, including far-left parties rejecting group affiliations, nationalist formations excluded from right-wing alliances, and minor or satirical outfits lacking sufficient scale for group formation. Unlike the immediate post-election period, where provisional non-attachments exceeded 40 due to ongoing group negotiations, the figure stabilized at 30 by late July 2024 following the establishment of new groups like Europe of Sovereign Nations (ESN) and Patriots for Europe, which absorbed many initially unaligned eurosceptics. Prominent national contingents include five MEPs from Slovakia's (Smer-SD), a party aligned with Fico's , which prioritizes national and has critiqued EU sanctions on , precluding S&D membership. contributes five non-attached MEPs: three from the (KKE), which historically declines GUE/NGL affiliation to preserve ideological purity, and two from the right-wing Democratic Patriotic Movement NIKI. Germany's single representative, from the satirical , reflects niche protest politics, while Denmark's two from the underscore nationalist reservations about broader ECR integration. Smaller presences include independents or minor parties from , Czechia, , , , , and . Non-attached status limits these MEPs' procedural influence, as they lack group funding, dedicated staff, and voting coordination, though they retain full and plenary participation rights.762337) By 2025, the cohort remained at 30, with no significant shifts reported beyond routine substitutions for vacancies, reflecting the term's early solidification of group boundaries amid heightened fragmentation from rising sovereignist and leftist dissent.760403_EN.pdf) This highlights the Parliament's for accommodating outliers, preventing by groups while constraining their collective leverage.

9th European Parliament (2019–2024)

In the 9th , convened following the elections of 23–26 May 2019, non-attached members (known as non-inscrits or ) initially numbered 57 out of 751 MEPs, representing about 7.6% of the assembly. This figure was inflated by the 29 MEPs elected on the UK's Party list, who declined to join any recognized political group, alongside smaller contingents from national parties unwilling or unable to meet group formation thresholds, such as independents and minor far-right or Eurosceptic representatives. The UK's departure from the on 31 January 2020 led to the automatic vacation of all 73 British seats, including the Brexit Party's, reducing the Parliament to 705 MEPs and sharply contracting the NI cohort to around 28 by early 2020. Subsequent fluctuations arose from internal group dynamics, expulsions, and strategic withdrawals. A pivotal shift occurred in March 2021, when Hungary's alliance, holding 13 seats, ended its contested affiliation with the (EPP) group—following a in over rule-of-law disputes—and transitioned to non-attached status, citing irreconcilable differences on migration and EU federalism. This influx made the largest single-party bloc within NI, comprising over 40% of its members at the time and shifting the overall NI profile toward nationalist-conservative orientations. Additional joiners included independents like (expelled from The Left in 2023 amid internal party conflicts) and (removed from the S&D group on 9 December 2022 following her arrest in a probe involving Qatargate). Other sporadic additions stemmed from national-level defections, such as Slovak or MEPs distancing from mainstream groups, though NI remained ideologically heterogeneous, encompassing residual Eurosceptics, sanctioned extremists, and unaffiliated . By mid-term, stabilized at 40–45 members, reflecting a net increase from post-Brexit lows despite occasional movements, such as MEPs briefly in before some aligned with Greens/EFA in 2019. The group's composition leaned rightward, with dominating alongside figures like Greece's (a former affiliate, stripped of immunity in 2020) and scattered representatives from parties like Germany's or Slovakia's Smer. Non-inscrits lacked group privileges, including funding, dedicated staff, and agenda-setting powers, limiting their procedural influence; they received minimal speaking time (proportional to size) and could not initiate reports or amendments independently. Nonetheless, individual NI MEPs participated in committees and plenary debates, often amplifying dissent on issues like EU fiscal policy and . As the term progressed toward its July 2024 conclusion, grew to 50 members out of 720 MEPs (post-reallocations), equivalent to 6.9%, amid rising fragmentation from populist and conservative factions unable or unwilling to integrate into groups like ECR or . This expansion underscored broader trends of Eurosceptic detachment, with serving as a repository for MEPs facing group expulsions or pursuing independent platforms, though their lack of cohesion curtailed collective impact. Key data on evolution:
PeriodApproximate NI SizeKey Drivers
July 2019 (post-constitutive session)57 Party dominance; initial independents
Feb–Mar 2020 (post-)28Loss of seats
Apr 2021~40 influx (13 MEPs)
Dec 2022–Apr 45–50Expulsions (e.g., Kaili); minor defections
This term highlighted NI's role as a category for politically marginalized or strategically autonomous MEPs, contributing to parliamentary but reinforcing perceptions of institutional inefficiency due to their procedural disadvantages.

8th European Parliament (2014–2019)

In the constitutive session following the 2014 European Parliament elections, the non-attached members (NI) comprised 52 MEPs, representing 6.92% of the total 751 seats. These members originated primarily from Eurosceptic, nationalist, and independent parties across several member states, reflecting a surge in support for such forces amid economic discontent and concerns post-2008 . Unlike affiliated groups, NI members lacked collective speaking time, funding, and procedural privileges, operating individually or through alliances, which limited their institutional influence despite numerical presence. The initial NI composition was distributed as follows:
CountryNI Seats
Austria4
Belgium1
France23
Germany2
Greece5
Hungary3
Italy5
Netherlands4
Poland4
United Kingdom1
Total52
France's delegation, dominated by the National Front (FN, later renamed National Rally), formed the largest bloc, advocating sovereignty-focused policies and opposition to EU federalism. Other significant contributors included the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ), Dutch Party for Freedom (PVV), Greek Golden Dawn, Hungarian Jobbik, and Polish Congress of the New Right, parties often characterized by anti-immigration stances and criticism of EU supranationalism, though varying in ideological purity and willingness to cooperate transnationally. A pivotal development occurred on 15 June 2015, when 36 MEPs—primarily from the French FN, Dutch PVV, Austrian FPÖ, Italian , and Belgian —departed NI status to establish the (ENF) group, meeting the threshold of 25 MEPs from at least seven states. This reduced NI numbers to approximately 16, enhancing the former NI members' procedural rights while leaving behind outliers like Greece's (three MEPs convicted of during the term but retaining seats until 2019) and Germany's NPD representative, who remained isolated due to labels or insufficient alliances. ENF's formation underscored NI's transient nature for viable parties, as group affiliation provided resources unavailable to independents, though ENF itself faced internal tensions over leader Marine Le Pen's pro-EU exit rhetoric versus others' confederal preferences. Throughout the term, fluctuated between 14 and 20 members, influenced by mid-term (2017, adding one defector before group shifts), expulsions (e.g., UKIP's Janice Atkinson joining ENF then ), and voluntary withdrawals or deaths prompting by-elections. By the term's end in 2019, stood at 20 seats, concentrated in (five, including independents), (two), and smaller contingents from , , , , and , often comprising residual far-right, communist holdouts, or unaffiliated regionalists unable to meet group criteria amid ideological incompatibilities. These members contributed to debates on , fiscal , and , frequently dissenting from majority pro-integration positions, though their lack of cohesion curtailed legislative impact compared to structured groups.

Earlier Terms (2009–2014 and Prior)

In the 7th (2009–2014), non-attached members totaled 27 at the constitutive session following the June 2009 elections, representing 3.67% of the 736 seats. This number varied during the term, with assessments indicating up to 31 non-attached by mid-term, often due to shifts from dissolved micro-groups or individual departures. Prominent figures included eurosceptic independents such as Austrian Hans-Peter Martin, who focused on anti-corruption scrutiny of EU institutions, and members of France's Front National, which lacked sufficient allies to form or join a viable group after the collapse of prior far-right alliances. Non-attached status limited these ' access to group funding, speaking time, and committee roles, though they retained individual voting rights and could propose amendments independently. The preceding 6th (2004–2009) featured 29 non-attached members out of 732 seats, or 3.96%, at its July 2004 constitutive session. This cohort included seven MEPs from France's Front National, led by until early 2007, as well as Austrian independents from Hans-Peter Martin's List, emphasizing and opposition to perceived . Le Pen, serving as non-attached from 2004 to 2007, exemplified the ideological isolation of nationalist representatives unable to meet the threshold for group formation—requiring at least 23 MEPs from seven member states—following the dissolution of the Europe of Democracies and Diversities group in 2004. In terms prior to 2004, non-attached membership consistently comprised less than 5% of seats at the start of each term, serving primarily as a default for MEPs from small nationalist, eurosceptic, or ideologically fringe parties. For instance, the 5th Parliament (1999–2004) and 4th (1994–1999) saw Front National holding nine seats as non-attached in the latter, reflecting persistent challenges in building cross-national alliances amid mutual distrust among far-right factions. Earlier assemblies, from the 3rd Parliament (1989–1994) onward, mirrored this pattern, with isolated MEPs from parties like Italy's Alleanza Nazionale contributing to low but stable numbers, underscoring the non-attached category's role as a residual space outside formalized group structures established since the 1979 direct elections.

Controversies and Debates

Allegations of Foreign Influence and Extremism

Non-attached members of the European Parliament have faced allegations of susceptibility to foreign influence, particularly from Russia, due to their lack of affiliation with established political groups, which proponents of the claims argue reduces internal oversight and accountability. In a 2024 resolution, the European Parliament highlighted Russian disinformation campaigns targeting the EU elections, noting that Eurosceptic and far-right actors—some of whom operate as non-attached—amplify Kremlin narratives on issues like Ukraine and migration. Similarly, investigations into pro-Russian media outlets like Voice of Europe revealed payments to European politicians, including those with far-right ties who have sat as non-attached MEPs, prompting concerns over undisclosed foreign funding influencing parliamentary debates. These allegations intensified following the 2024 EU elections, where non-attached seats included MEPs from parties accused of pro-Russian leanings, such as Bulgaria's Revival party, whose leaders have echoed Moscow's positions on the conflict. A September 2024 European Parliament report expressed alarm over Russian interference in Bulgarian politics, linking it to electoral gains by such parties and their representatives' non-attached status, which allegedly allows them to evade group sanctions. Critics, including parliamentary groups, contend this dynamic enables foreign actors to exploit isolated MEPs for dissemination, as evidenced by voting patterns where non-attached members disproportionately opposed EU sanctions against —42% against in key 2022-2023 votes compared to 5% in centrist groups. However, such claims often originate from institutions and aligned media, which exhibit systemic biases against non-mainstream voices, potentially inflating perceptions of influence without direct causal proof in many cases. On extremism, non-attached members have been criticized for including representatives from parties officially classified or suspected of right-wing , bypassing group formation rules that exclude such entities from mainstream alliances. For instance, Germany's (AfD) MEPs, who joined the non-attached after expulsion from the Patriots for Europe group in 2024 over a involving an AfD candidate's pro-Nazi remarks, hail from a party whose was deemed extremist by a German court in May 2024 and whose overall activities are under federal surveillance for right-wing radicalism. This placement in NI has fueled accusations that the category serves as a haven for extremists, with one in five documented MEP from 2019-2024 linked to non-attached members, including and ties to radical networks. Proponents argue this undermines parliamentary decorum, citing instances like former NI MEP Georgios Epitideios of Greece's , a convicted neo-Nazi group, who served until 2019 amid unaddressed concerns. Yet, these allegations reflect practices by centrist groups, which reject cooperation with non-conforming parties, potentially conflating policy dissent with absent individualized evidence of violence or illegality.

Critiques of the Non-Attachment System

The non-attachment system in the has been critiqued for creating structural inequalities in resources and influence between grouped and non-attached Members of the (MEPs). Non-attached MEPs receive for secretariat and communications support at 60% of the per-MEP allocation available to grouped members, but they are excluded from the additional 40% of distributed proportionally to group size, limiting their capacity for ing and operational activities. Political groups, by contrast, benefit from higher collective for and parliamentary work, which amplifies their organizational advantages and disadvantages independents in competing for influence. Procedural limitations further exacerbate these disparities, rendering non-attached MEPs less effective in legislative processes. They are typically barred from participating in fact-finding missions, cannot pose oral questions to the or Council during plenary debates, and receive speaking time only after allocations to groups, often resulting in curtailed visibility. Tabling amendments or motions is also more arduous, as it requires individual signatures rather than group-backed proposals, hindering their ability to shape outcomes. Independent MEPs have described the system as inadequately designed for non-grouped politicians, leading to frequent overlooking in parliamentary proceedings. Critics argue that these mechanisms marginalize non-attached members in core decision-making, particularly informal trilogues dominated by larger groups, reducing them to roles of mere rather than substantive input. This exclusion fosters perceptions of the non-attached category as a repository for politically isolated or expelled MEPs, such as those from parties like or deemed too extreme for group membership due to issues like allegations or , potentially eroding overall institutional credibility without adequate oversight. Such dynamics have prompted calls for reforms to enhance , resource equity, and inclusion in oversight processes, though implementation remains limited.

Contributions to Pluralism and Dissent

Non-attached members contribute to pluralism in the European Parliament by representing political ideologies and national interests that do not conform to the ideological thresholds required for formal group membership, such as the minimum of 23 MEPs from at least seven member states. This status allows parties with radical eurosceptic, nationalist, or communist positions—often excluded from larger groups due to policy incompatibilities—to maintain distinct voices without diluting their platforms to secure group affiliation. For instance, in the 2024–2029 term, the 32 non-attached MEPs include representatives from Hungary's Fidesz, Germany's AfD, Romania's SOS Romania, and Greece's Communist Party (KKE), reflecting a spectrum of dissent against mainstream federalist policies on migration, EU integration, and fiscal transfers. Their independent status fosters dissent by enabling voting and advocacy unencumbered by group disciplinary mechanisms, permitting challenges to consensus-driven legislation in areas like foreign policy and rule-of-law enforcement. MEPs, after departing the in 2021 amid disputes over judicial reforms, have used non-attached positions to oppose EU sanctions and funding conditions, amplifying Hungarian sovereignty arguments in plenary debates. Similarly, members, expelled from the group in July 2024 following internal controversies, continue to critique EU enlargement and green policies without group coordination, as seen in their rejection of the 2024 aid package. Such actions introduce alternative causal analyses, questioning the efficacy of supranational interventions based on national democratic mandates. Despite these contributions, non-attached members' dissent is structurally constrained, receiving only individual funding equivalent to about 60% of group-affiliated ' resources and limited speaking time in debates, which reduces their visibility and amendment tabling capacity. They lack access to group-led fact-finding missions and prioritized oral questions to the , diminishing practical influence compared to the seven recognized groups that control agenda-setting and committee leadership. Nonetheless, outliers like Cyprus's , a non-attached MEP, have leveraged to disseminate parliamentary proceedings, fostering public scrutiny and indirect pluralism by bypassing institutional filters. This dynamic underscores how non-attached status preserves ideological diversity amid growing fragmentation, with their numbers rising from 52 in the 2019–2024 term to potential tipping-point leverage in close votes.

References

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    The political groups - European Parliament
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