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Renegade

A renegade is an individual who deserts a prior , , cause, or group, often turning actively hostile toward it and aligning with an opposing side, thereby embodying or . The term carries a connotation of disloyalty and rejection of established norms, distinguishing it from mere rebels who challenge from within rather than defect entirely. Originating in the late 16th century from Spanish renegado, itself derived from renegatus—the past participle of renegare ("to deny again," from Latin re- "back" + negare "to deny")—the word initially denoted religious apostates, particularly who converted to under rule or during encounters with . By the 17th century, its usage expanded in English to encompass political or military deserters, as seen in accounts of turncoats during colonial conflicts or European wars. Historically, renegades have shaped conflicts through their intimate knowledge of former allies, enabling espionage, piracy, or guerrilla tactics; notable examples include Roman Emperor Carausius, who defected to rule Britain independently in the 3rd century, and 19th-century filibuster William Walker, who seized Nicaraguan territory after abandoning U.S. military norms. In modern contexts, the label applies to figures like defectors from ideological movements, underscoring causal patterns where personal ambition or ideological shifts precipitate broader disruptions, though empirical records emphasize the term's enduring association with treachery over heroism.

Definition and etymology

Primary meaning

A renegade is defined as a person who deserts one , cause, or in favor of another, typically becoming antagonistic toward the original affiliation. This defection often involves a deliberate rejection of prior commitments, manifesting in contexts such as military , where individuals abandon their unit or command; political or ideological shifts, where to a party or is repudiated; or religious , entailing of doctrinal beliefs. The term implies not mere departure but active opposition, distinguishing it from neutral disaffiliation. Etymologically, "renegade" entered English in the late from renegado, itself derived from renegatus, the past participle of renegare ("to deny again"), combining re- (again) and negare (to deny). The earliest documented uses in English date to around 1580–1611, initially denoting religious apostates who denied their former . Historically, the word specifically referenced Christians who converted to , particularly during encounters with forces or in North African communities, where such shifts were viewed as betrayals facilitated by , , or . The of "renegade" has remained predominantly , evoking or disloyalty from the perspective of the abandoned group, as the act undermines collective cohesion and . Causally, this negativity stems from the evolutionary and social imperatives favoring group solidarity against internal , which historically posed risks to survival in tribal or ideological conflicts. In individualistic modern interpretations, however, the term can be recast positively as emblematic of personal or to perceived authoritarian overreach, though this reframing often overlooks the original empirical context of opportunistic rather than principled .

Historical usage

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, "renegade" frequently denoted Christians who apostatized to , particularly captives who converted while enslaved in and joined Barbary fleets as captains or advisors. These converts, leveraging their knowledge of and , bolstered Ottoman-aligned operations, which captured an estimated 1 to 1.25 million for enslavement between 1500 and 1800, inflicting severe economic disruption on Mediterranean trade routes and coastal communities from to . Their strategic defections prioritized personal gain over loyalty, enabling corsairs to adapt Christian vessel designs for faster galleys and prolonging low-intensity warfare by undermining mutual defense pacts among powers, as seen in intensified raids during the Anglo-Dutch wars when English renegades like Simon Dancer commanded squadrons preying on home fleets. By the nineteenth century, the term extended to military deserters whose absences eroded unit effectiveness, as evidenced in the where over 200,000 Union soldiers deserted between 1861 and 1865, often after collecting enlistment bounties or fleeing grueling campaigns. This mass defection strained Northern logistics and morale, contributing to manpower shortages that delayed offensives like those in the Overland Campaign, with consequences including 147 executions—far fewer than the scale warranted—to deter further erosion of discipline, though many deserters evaded capture by re-enlisting under aliases. Unlike opportunistic , these acts stemmed from immediate hardships but similarly weakened alliances by fostering internal distrust and prolonging the conflict through reduced combat readiness. In the twentieth century, saw "renegade" applied to collaborators who defected to forces, such as the roughly 50 British and Dominion prisoners who joined the Waffen-SS's in 1943–1945, providing intelligence that aided German and minor efforts against Allied POW camps. Broader collaboration across occupied Europe involved tens of thousands, including administrative aides and who facilitated deportations and resource extraction, leading to post-war tribunals like those in , where underground courts prosecuted 17,000 suspects and executed 3,500 for enabling Nazi occupations. Such betrayals causally extended enemy control by disrupting resistance networks and local economies, resulting in eroded post-conflict social cohesion as trials exposed how individual defections amplified occupation efficiencies and delayed liberation.

People

Notable real individuals

William Walker (1824–1860) was an physician, , and who led private military expeditions into , declaring himself on July 12, 1856, after seizing control with a force of about 60 men, intending to expand U.S. influence and . His regime allied with Cornelius Vanderbilt's shipping interests initially but collapsed amid local resistance and Vanderbilt's opposition, forcing Walker's surrender in May 1857; he was later captured and executed by Honduran authorities on September 12, 1860, following another failed filibustering attempt. Roman von Ungern-Sternberg (1886–1921), a Russian aristocrat and cavalry officer known as the "Mad Baron," deserted Bolshevik forces during the and in late 1920 conquered from Chinese Republican troops, reinstating the Mongol theocratic ruler on February 21, 1921, while imposing harsh anti-communist and antisemitic policies that resulted in thousands of executions. His independent warlord state lasted months before defeat by Red Army-backed Mongolian forces, leading to his trial and near Novonikolaevsk on September 15, 1921. Douglas MacArthur (1880–1964), a U.S. Army general, during the Korean War in 1950 publicly advocated expanding operations into , including bombing bases and potentially using atomic weapons, defying President Harry 's limited war strategy to avoid broader conflict. This , detailed in letters and statements, prompted to relieve him of command on April 11, 1951, ending his active military career amid congressional hearings that affirmed civilian control but highlighted MacArthur's strategic successes earlier in the Pacific Theater and Inchon landing. Viktor Belenko (1951–2023), a lieutenant in the Soviet Air Defense Forces, defected on September 6, 1976, by piloting a MiG-25P interceptor from Vladivostok to Hakodate Airport in Japan, allowing U.S. and Japanese experts to dismantle and analyze the aircraft over 67 days, revealing its steel construction vulnerabilities and high-altitude capabilities that debunked Western fears of Mach 3+ supremacy. The incident, costing the USSR an estimated $2–4 billion in lost technology secrets, spurred design adjustments in U.S. fighters like the F-15 and strained Soviet-Japanese relations, with Belenko granted asylum in the U.S. where he consulted on aerospace matters until his death.

Fictional characters

In the Star Wars franchise, Han Solo exemplifies the renegade archetype as a former Imperial Navy deserter turned smuggler who joins the Rebel Alliance, rebelling against the Galactic Empire's authoritarian control starting in the 1977 film Star Wars. His narrative role emphasizes self-reliance and anti-authority defiance, appealing through tropes of rugged individualism amid interstellar conflict, as Solo assembles the Renegade Squadron—a unit of pirates and fringers—to conduct guerrilla operations against Imperial forces during the Galactic Civil War. This portrayal inverts the term's historical connotations of betrayal by framing defection as heroic necessity, grounded in the franchise's extended universe materials depicting Solo's evasion of bounties and opportunistic alliances. In DC Comics, Dick Grayson, known as Nightwing, adopts the alias Renegade in the 2004 storyline Nightwing: Renegade to infiltrate Lex Luthor's villain team while training 's daughter, (Ravager), as part of an undercover effort to dismantle criminal networks from within. Created by writers and with artist Scott McDaniel, the identity serves a tactical function, allowing Grayson to pose as a mercenary operative amid Blüdhaven's underworld threats, including alliances with figures like . This heroic use of the "renegade" moniker highlights narrative inversion, where the character feigns villainy to uphold justice, contrasting villainous portrayals in other media while relying on Grayson's established backstory as the original Robin for credibility in espionage plots. Other media feature renegade figures in varied roles, such as in the Adult Swim series Xavier: Renegade Angel (2007–2009), a delusional faun-like shaman wandering dimensions with chaotic, self-deluded quests that parody spiritual seekers. Villainous examples include the Master Renegade in Transformers lore, a scientist inventing weapons like the during ancient Cybertronian wars, embodying technological betrayal for destructive ends. These depictions often repurpose the renegade for , prioritizing plot-driven over historical fidelity to defection's risks, with heroic variants dominating to align with audience preferences for sympathetic outsiders.

Arts and entertainment

Literature

Renegade serves as the title for multiple novels in young adult and historical fiction genres, frequently centering on protagonists who defy established orders, explore betrayal, or navigate survival amid oppression. In the dystopian young adult series by Kerry Wilkinson, Renegade (2015) is the second installment of the Silver Blackthorn trilogy, following Reckoning (2014). The plot tracks protagonist Silver Blackthorn, a teenage fugitive accused of treason after aiding the escape of other "Offerings"—youth selected for sacrifice—from Windsor Castle under a despotic regime. On the run with companions, she prioritizes reuniting with her family while evading capture, highlighting resistance against systemic control and the psychological toll of rebellion. The book received a 3.9 out of 5 rating on Goodreads from 444 user reviews, with praise for its fast-paced action but some criticism for formulaic character arcs in the genre. Historical fiction examples include Robyn Young's Renegade (2012), the second volume in the Insurrection Trilogy depicting Robert the Bruce's 14th-century campaign for the . Set against betrayals, battles, and papal intrigues starting from Bruce's in 1300, the narrative details his alliances and compromises in pursuing from English rule, drawing on primary medieval for authenticity. It earned a 4.2 out of 5 rating from over 1,000 reviews, lauded for vivid reconstructions of divided loyalties yet noted by some historians for dramatizing speculative motivations over documented incentives in feudal defections. Similarly, Jack Whyte's The Renegade: A Tale of (2013), part of the Guardians series, chronicles Bruce's early struggles and heroism in border conflicts, emphasizing tactical ingenuity and personal resolve amid 13th-14th century turmoil. The work integrates verifiable events like Bruce's 1306 with fictionalized inner conflicts, achieving commercial success through detailed battle depictions but facing critique for romanticizing ideological purity over pragmatic power dynamics evidenced in contemporary chronicles. Ted Dekker's fantasy novel Renegade (2009), third in The Lost Books series—a to his Circle saga—follows Billos, one of the "" Forest Guard, who forsakes his oaths to access forbidden Books of History, triggering consequences and tests of . Rooted in allegorical Christian themes, it sold strongly within inspirational markets, with readers appreciating explorations of willful defection's fallout, though detractors argue it oversimplifies causal drivers like ambition as mere spiritual lapses rather than innate self-interest.

Music

"Renegade" and its plural variant "Renegades" serve as titles for multiple songs and albums in rock, , and alternative genres. The "Renegade" by , written and performed by guitarist , was released on the band's album on September 1, 1978, and as a single in early 1979, peaking at number 16 on the chart. Jay-Z's "Renegade", featuring on the final verse, appeared on the album , released September 11, 2001, and is recognized for its dense lyrical interplay between the artists. "Renegades" by , issued as a on March 3, 2015, from their debut VHS, achieved commercial success partly through licensing for vehicle advertisements. Among , Thin Lizzy's Renegade, their eleventh studio release, came out on November 15, 1981, marking the first full credit for keyboardist and featuring guitarist . Rage Against the Machine's Renegades, a covers collection spanning artists from to , was released December 5, 2000, as the band's final studio album before their initial 2000 disbandment.

Albums

Thin Lizzy's Renegade, released on November 15, 1981, marked the band's eleventh studio album and the second to feature guitarist . The album peaked at number 38 on the and number 157 on the , reflecting modest commercial success amid internal tensions and lineup changes. Key tracks included "Hollywood (Down on Your Luck)," released as a single in February 1982, and "," noted for its heavy riffing and lyrical depth. Charlie Daniels Band's Renegade, issued in 1991 as their final album for , debuted at number 139 on the in May 1991. Blending with southern influences, it featured tracks like the title song and "Talk to Me Fiddle," emphasizing Daniels' -driven style, though it lacked the chart dominance of earlier hits like "The Devil Went Down to Georgia." The release underscored a shift toward harder rock edges but achieved limited sales traction compared to Daniels' 1970s peaks. HammerFall's Renegade, the power metal band's third studio album, was released on October 9, 2000, via . It topped the Swedish albums chart, marking the group's first number-one there, and the title track reached number 17 on Sweden's singles chart. Standout songs included "Templars of Steel" and "Keep the Flame Burning," which highlighted the band's epic, guitar-heavy sound and contributed to sustained metal scene momentum without significant breakthrough.

Songs

"Renegade" by , released in 1978 as the closing track on the band's album , achieved a peak position of number 16 on the in June 1979, remaining on the chart for 19 weeks. The song's narrative centers on an outlaw's desperate flight from across frozen landscapes, ending in his capture and hanging, evoking classic archetypes of defiant bandits in who challenge authority at fatal cost. Its dramatic structure, featuring Tommy Shaw's lead vocals and a spoken-word introduction by , contributed to its enduring use in media, including a prominent feature in a 2023 episode of the television series Billions, which propelled it to number one on Billboard's Top TV Songs chart. "Renegade," a collaboration between and released in 2001 on 's album , originated as an -produced beat intended for his duo with Royce da 5'9", before adapted it with alternating verses that dissect raw experiences of , betrayal, and uncompromised authenticity in against commercial pressures. 's verse, in particular, employs stark metaphors of defection from sanitized norms, contrasting street-hardened realism with industry expectations, which critics have hailed for its technical density and unflinching portrayal of personal demons. The track, while not released as a traditional , garnered acclaim for elevating —certified diamond by the RIAA—and influencing subsequent posse cuts through its emphasis on lyrical sparring over polished production. Other songs titled "Renegade" include Michael Martin Murphey's 1976 country-folk entry, which reached number 39 on the and explored themes of wandering independence. More recently, Big Red Machine's 2021 version featuring debuted at number 73 on the , blending with introspective lyrics on relational rebellion, amassing over 10 million streams by 2023.

Television and film

Renegade is an television series that aired in first-run from September 19, 1992, to April 4, 1997, spanning five seasons and 110 episodes. The program stars as Reno Raines, a framed for murdering his partner's wife by corrupt officer Donald "Dutch" Dixon, leading Raines to custody and operate as a . He teams with Bobby Sixkiller, a Native played by , to capture fugitives while evading capture and seeking evidence of his innocence. The series emphasized justice, with Raines using and moral dilemmas to resolve cases outside formal legal channels. As a syndicated akin to , Renegade sustained five seasons due to consistent international and domestic clearance rather than network competition, though it garnered an IMDb user rating of 6.0/10 from 6,230 votes reflecting formulaic storytelling and repetitive chase elements. Episode ratings trended downward, starting at an average of 79.1 for season 1 and dropping to 50.6 for season 5, correlating with viewer fatigue from predictable plots that prioritized action over nuanced explorations of framing evidence or defection logistics. In cinema, Renegade (2004), alternatively titled , is a directed by Jan Kounen, featuring as Lieutenant Michael , a officer investigating mystical rituals and personal traumas in post-Civil . The adaptation of Jean-Michel Charlier and Jean Giraud's comic blends historical frontier conflicts with hallucinatory sequences, earning mixed reception for its stylistic ambitions amid pacing critiques. Another entry, (1987), an Italian Western directed by Enzo Barboni, stars as a Luke warm navigating bounty hunting and family protection in a lawless American setting. The film highlights rogue individualism against corrupt sheriffs, typical of Euro-Western tropes emphasizing and gunplay over historical accuracy.

Games

Video games

Renegade, released in arcades on September 1986 by , is a single-player featuring side-scrolling action. The protagonist navigates urban environments, defeating successive waves of knife- and chain-wielding gang members using punches, kicks, and throws before battling a boss in a vehicular confrontation. Ports appeared on the in (as Nekketsu Koha: ) in 1987 and internationally in 1988, with further adaptations for platforms including the Commodore 64, , and Atari ST through 1988. This title laid foundational mechanics for Technos' franchise, emphasizing street brawling and progression through enemy hierarchies, though it received mixed reception for repetitive gameplay and limited controls.

Tabletop games

Renegade Game Studios, established in January 2014 by founders Jay Cormier and in , , functions as a publisher specializing in board, card, and role-playing games. The company has expanded through licensing agreements, releasing titles such as the Vampire: The Masquerade role-playing supplements and Power Rangers Roleplaying Game in 2021, alongside original designs like Omen: A Reign of War (2017). In 2023, it published : Downfall of Númenor, a adapting J.R.R. Tolkien's Second Age lore with deck-building and scenario-based play for 1-5 players. Empirical metrics indicate sustained growth, with annual revenue reportedly exceeding $10 million by 2022 driven by successes and retail distribution. A notable recent initiative involves the 2024 relaunch of , the modular miniatures skirmish game originally by , featuring updated sculpts, terrain, and unit expansions like Age of Annihilation. By early 2025, Renegade introduced digital tools and community-voted content via the Heroscape Origins set, boosting engagement with over 50,000 units sold in initial waves per retailer data, prioritizing balanced army-building over prior editions' expansions.

Video and games

Renegade is a developed by and published by , where players control a vigilante character named Mr. K combating street gangs in urban environments starting from a subway platform. The game features side-scrolling action with mechanics against multiple enemies, establishing early conventions for the genre through its focus on progression through levels of increasing difficulty and boss encounters. Ports to platforms like the followed, emphasizing direct physical confrontations over ranged weapons, which contributed to its influence despite criticisms of repetitive and imprecise controls in home versions. A sequel, Renegade III: The Final Chapter, released in 1989 for systems including the Amiga, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum, shifts to a scrolling beat 'em up format with a narrative involving the protagonist rescuing his girlfriend from alien abduction, incorporating platforming elements and rebellion against extraterrestrial threats. This installment expands on predecessor mechanics by adding vertical scrolling and power-ups, but reviews noted limited replayability due to linear level design and lack of varied enemy AI, with Amiga versions praised for smoother graphics yet hampered by hardware constraints. Digital immersion in these titles provides fast-paced, reactive combat suited to arcade reflexes, contrasting with modern expectations for branching narratives or multiplayer. In tabletop gaming, Renegade refers to a 2017 deck-building board game designed by Noah Sterling for 1-5 players, involving asymmetric hacking of five corporate networks through card acquisition and strategic plays to achieve secret objectives. Players build decks to navigate firewalls and deploy programs, emphasizing long-term planning and player interaction over real-time action, with physical components like custom cards enhancing tactile strategy absent in video counterparts. Renegade Game Studios, the distributor, has supported related titles with expansions, though core replayability derives from variable setups and modular network layouts, earning commendations for depth in eurogame circles despite occasional critiques of balance in solo modes. Physical formats foster deliberate decision-making and social deduction, differing from video games' immediate feedback loops, with community reports highlighting higher longevity through repeated plays without digital fatigue.

Vehicles and military

Aircraft

The Murphy Renegade is a family of Canadian two-seat tandem biplane kit aircraft manufactured by Murphy Aircraft, designed for sport flying and aerobatics. The prototype Renegade II achieved its first flight in May 1985, featuring conventional landing gear and options for engines such as the 64 hp Rotax 582 or 80 hp Rotax 912. Specifications include an empty weight of approximately 400 pounds (181 kg), maximum takeoff weight of 950 pounds (431 kg), stall speed of 31 knots (57 km/h), cruise speed of 70-80 knots (130 km/h), and never-exceed speed of 104 knots (193 km/h); the aircraft offers a rate of climb of 900 feet per minute and a range of 215-259 nautical miles with 14 gallons of fuel capacity. Its biplane configuration provides structural simplicity and aerobatic capability, with wings tested to +10/-6 g ultimate loads, though production emphasized quick assembly and cost-effectiveness over high-performance competition use. The , produced by since 1982, is a six-seat amphibious with a high-wing design, fixed , and retractable hull steps for water operations. Powered by a 250 hp Lycoming IO-540 piston engine, it features a stretched for increased cabin space compared to earlier Lake models, with a of 38.4 feet (11.7 m), of 28.4 feet (8.7 m), and height of 10 feet (3 m). includes a cruise speed of 118 knots (219 km/h), of 3,140 pounds (1,424 kg), and useful load supporting roles such as transport or light . Over 100 units have been built, with operational indicating reliability in environments but occasional challenges related to in amphibious hulls. The Renegade Falcon LS is a two-seat low-wing (LSA) marketed by Renegade Light Sport, originating from the Corvus Phantom design introduced around 2007. It employs for a airframe powered by a 123 hp Lycoming IO-233-LSA four-cylinder with electronic ignition, achieving a maximum continuous speed of 120 knots (222 km/h) and cruise at 112 knots (207 km/h) at 75% power. Empty weight is about 826 pounds (375 kg), yielding a useful load of 484 pounds (219 kg) and 30 gallons of fuel capacity, suitable for recreational flying under LSA regulations limiting to 1,320 pounds (599 kg) and stall speed to 51 knots (94 km/h). The model's adoption of a certified Lycoming differentiates it from Rotax-powered contemporaries, offering familiarity for pilots but with higher operating costs due to consumption. In unmanned systems, developed the Renegade UAV as a variant of its platform under funding, serving as a for autonomous flight controls linked to the A160 program. First demonstrated in flight tests by May 2005, it incorporated software-enabled control () for maneuvers like aggressive banking and recovery without pilot input, validating technologies for vertical takeoff and landing in unmanned operations. The platform emphasized endurance and autonomy over payload capacity, with successful integration of university-developed algorithms for real-time adaptation to failures, though it remained a without entering production service.

Automobiles and recreational vehicles

The is a produced by under its division, debuting at the 2014 Motor Show and entering production for the 2015 model year. It incorporates Jeep's signature off-road features, including available Selec-Terrain traction management systems and Trailhawk variants with increased ground clearance (up to 8.7 inches), skid plates, and all-terrain tires, enabling it to handle moderate trails better than many competitors in its class. However, real-world fuel economy draws criticism, with EPA ratings for 2023 non-Trailhawk models at 23 mpg city/29 highway and Trailhawk at 22/27, often falling short in owner reports due to the vehicle's 1.3-liter turbocharged engine and curb weight exceeding 3,000 pounds. U.S. sales peaked early in its lifecycle but have since declined sharply, totaling 9,149 units in and dropping to 2,677 in 2024 amid broader market shifts toward larger SUVs and . has signaled a successor, with reports indicating a redesigned Renegade slated for 2027-2028 featuring or fully electric powertrains, potentially on a new platform to improve efficiency and competitiveness, though details remain speculative pending official confirmation. Renegade RV, a division of , manufactures luxury Class C and Super C motorhomes, emphasizing premium construction on heavy-duty like Freightliner S2RV. The series, introduced around 2017, includes models such as the 36SB (39 feet, layout) and 38RW (41 feet, rear wardrobe), built with composite sidewalls, heated underbellies, and high-end finishes for durability in extended travel. Owners praise the build quality for its solidity and minimal defects compared to mass-market rivals, with manufacturer support noted as responsive for issues, though some critique the premium pricing (starting over $500,000) relative to perceived value in non-structural components.

Other uses

Businesses and organizations

is a publisher founded in 2014 in , , by industry veteran Scott Gaeta. The company specializes in board games, card games, and role-playing games, emphasizing high-quality production and memorable player experiences through strategic licensing partnerships, such as expanded collaborations with announced in 2022. In 2025, Renegade continued its growth with reveal streams showcasing new product lines and modules, including updates to established franchises. Renegade Gold Inc., a Canadian mineral exploration company incorporated in 2005 and renamed from Trillium Gold Mines in July 2023, focuses on gold and critical minerals in the Red Lake and greenstone belts of . Headquartered in , the firm expanded its Red Lake land package to 94,000 hectares on October 3, 2025, via acquisitions of the BobJo and Keystone properties, alongside a share consolidation to support further development. This move positions Renegade Gold to capitalize on high-grade gold potential in a prolific . Renegade Products USA, established in 1997 in Anaheim, California, manufactures detailing and polishing products for automotive, marine, and firearms applications. The company has grown by offering private-label programs and specialized compounds, enabling customization for professional detailers and enabling expansion into bulk and small-scale sales channels post-2020. With an emphasis on innovative formulations outperforming competitors, Renegade Products generates approximately $4 million in annual revenue.

Miscellaneous applications

The renegade row is a compound bodyweight and resistance exercise performed in a high plank position with dumbbells, involving alternating rows of each arm while maintaining core stability to prevent hip rotation. It primarily targets the latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, trapezius, and rear deltoids for upper back strength, while engaging the core muscles—including the transverse abdominis and obliques—for anti-rotational stability and overall postural control. Biomechanical analyses highlight its efficacy in mimicking functional pulling movements, enhancing scapular retraction and shoulder girdle stability under dynamic load, which supports injury prevention in athletic contexts like grappling. The exercise gained prominence in strength training protocols during the 2010s as part of functional fitness trends, often incorporated into CrossFit-style workouts for its full-body demand. In tabletop role-playing games, "renegade" refers to independent wraiths in White Wolf Publishing's Wraith: The Oblivion (1994), who reject the hierarchical society of the and pursue personal agendas outside the established order of the dead. These characters embody themes of rebellion against bureaucratic tyranny and the struggle for autonomy in a supernatural underworld, as detailed in the 1996 sourcebook Renegades, which expands on their mechanics, lore, and narrative roles. A Renegade American Pale Ale (6% ABV) was collaboratively brewed in September 2025 by Dublin's Hope Beer and Pittsburgh's Tortured Souls Brewing to commemorate the Pittsburgh Steelers' NFL game against the Minnesota Vikings at Croke Park, Ireland, on September 28. The beer's name draws from the Steelers' entrance theme song, blending American hop profiles with Irish brewing techniques for a limited-release product aimed at fans in both markets. Renegade Hotels, a select-service platform launched by Rebel Hotel Company in June 2025, expanded to 10 operating properties by October 2025, focusing on branded midscale with performance-driven operations in markets like . This growth, achieved within four months of debut, emphasizes investor-aligned revenue strategies and guest experiences tailored to modern travelers, with initial conversions including Fairfield Inn & Suites and Comfort Suites properties.

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