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Roundup

Roundup is a glyphosate-based herbicide developed by Monsanto and first introduced to the market in 1974 as a non-selective, systemic broad-spectrum weed killer that inhibits the shikimate pathway enzyme essential for plant amino acid synthesis.^[1]^[2] Widely adopted in agriculture, forestry, and non-crop areas, its efficacy surged after the 1996 commercialization of glyphosate-resistant genetically modified crops, enabling simplified weed management and no-till farming practices that reduce soil erosion and improve water retention.^[3]^[4] By the 2010s, glyphosate formulations like Roundup accounted for the majority of herbicide use in major U.S. crops such as corn and soybeans, with global applications exceeding 1.8 million tons annually by 2014 due to its cost-effectiveness and environmental breakdown relative to alternatives.^[3] Despite these agricultural benefits, Roundup has faced significant scrutiny over potential human health and ecological effects, including claims of carcinogenicity; the International Agency for Research on Cancer deemed glyphosate "probably carcinogenic" in 2015 based on limited mechanistic and animal evidence, prompting thousands of lawsuits alleging non-Hodgkin lymphoma causation, whereas the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's evaluations, incorporating over twice as many carcinogenicity studies, have consistently found it "not likely to be carcinogenic to humans" at typical exposure levels, attributing differences to IARC's hazard-focused approach versus risk assessments that include real-world use patterns.^[3]^[5]^[6] Regulatory affirmations by bodies like the EPA and European Food Safety Authority emphasize glyphosate's low toxicity profile when labels are followed, though concerns persist about formulation adjuvants, weed resistance, and indirect environmental phosphorus cycling from overuse.^[3]^[7]

General meaning

Gathering and collection

The term "roundup" refers to the act of systematically gathering or collecting dispersed animals, people, or items into a centralized group, often for inspection, counting, or processing. As a noun derived from the verb phrase "round up," it first appeared in general English around the 1610s to denote collecting into a mass, with specific application to livestock by 1847 and the cattle-drive sense of the noun by 1869. This usage emerged in 19th-century American English amid the expansion of open-range ranching in the Western United States.^[8] In ranching, roundups primarily involve assembling cattle or other livestock scattered across large pastures, a practice central to the cattle industry during the post-Civil War era. Cowboys on horseback would encircle herds, driving them to a central corral for branding, castration, veterinary checks, and selection for market or drives; these events occurred biannually in spring and fall to manage seasonal grazing and reproduction.^[9] In the 1870s, as the range cattle industry boomed, roundups preceded major trail drives like those along the Chisholm Trail, where millions of Texas Longhorns—estimated at 27 million head driven northward from the 1860s to 1880s—were gathered for shipment to railheads in Kansas.^[10] Pre-industrial methods relied on human and horse labor, often requiring teams of 10–20 cowboys to cover hundreds of square miles over days or weeks, limited by terrain and weather.^[11] Modern ranching has shifted toward mechanized and aerial techniques for greater scale and speed, particularly on vast operations managing thousands of head. Helicopters, adopted since the mid-20th century, enable pilots to herd cattle by hovering low and directing movement from above, reducing gathering time by up to 90% compared to horseback methods and minimizing ground crew needs from dozens to a handful.^[12] This efficiency supports operations like those in the American West or Australia, where aerial roundups cover remote deserts or forests, lowering labor costs and stress on animals while allowing year-round monitoring via integrated technologies such as GPS collars.^[13] Empirical comparisons show traditional roundups processed herds at rates of 100–500 head per day per crew, versus modern aerial methods handling 1,000–5,000 head in hours, though they require skilled pilots and fuel investments.^[14] Beyond livestock, "roundup" extends to human contexts, such as law enforcement operations to apprehend suspects en masse, a tactic known as a "dragnet" and prevalent in early American urban policing from the late 19th century onward.^[15] Historical examples include coordinated sweeps during Prohibition-era raids in the 1920s, where police gathered dozens of individuals in single operations for questioning or arrest.^[15] In event organization, it denotes compiling or assembling participants or items, as in community gatherings or news summaries, though rooted in the same principle of aggregation for efficiency.^[16]

Herbicide

History and development

Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, was discovered as a herbicide by Monsanto chemist John E. Franz in 1970 during research into phosphorus-containing compounds for potential agricultural applications.^[17] Monsanto filed patents for its herbicidal use in 1971, with U.S. Patent 3,799,758 granted on March 26, 1974, covering N-phosphonomethylglycine (glyphosate) formulations.^[18] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency registered glyphosate for use that same year, enabling initial commercialization as Roundup, a non-selective, broad-spectrum herbicide effective against annual and perennial weeds.^[19] Early adoption focused on pre-plant and post-emergence applications in non-crop areas, orchards, and fallow fields, with significant U.S. sales beginning in 1976.^[20] The herbicide's efficacy and relatively low cost drove rapid market penetration, particularly after Monsanto's patent expiration in 2000 allowed generic production. A pivotal development occurred in 1996 with the introduction of Roundup Ready soybeans, genetically modified to tolerate glyphosate, allowing post-emergence spraying without crop damage and facilitating simplified weed management.^[21] This integration spurred widespread adoption of no-till farming practices, which minimize soil disturbance to reduce erosion—studies indicate glyphosate-enabled no-till systems can cut soil loss by up to 90% compared to conventional tillage while preserving soil carbon.^[22] By the mid-2000s, Roundup Ready crops expanded to corn, cotton, and other staples, amplifying glyphosate use; global applications exceeded 8 billion kilograms (approximately 18 billion pounds) cumulatively by the 2010s, with annual volumes reaching hundreds of millions of kilograms.^[23] In 2018, Bayer acquired Monsanto for $63 billion, consolidating control over glyphosate production and seed technologies, which further entrenched Roundup's market dominance amid rising demand from conservation tillage and resistant crop systems.^[24] This merger built on decades of innovation that transformed weed control from labor-intensive mechanical methods to chemical precision, though it also intensified scrutiny over long-term dependency on a single herbicide mode of action.^[25]

Composition and mechanism of action

Roundup herbicide formulations contain glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), typically formulated as the isopropylamine salt, as the primary active ingredient at concentrations ranging from 41% to 50% by weight in many products.^[19] These formulations include inert ingredients, notably surfactants such as polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), which enhance efficacy by facilitating penetration through plant cuticles and improving adhesion to leaf surfaces.^[19]^[26] Glyphosate inhibits the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), a key component of the shikimate pathway responsible for synthesizing essential aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) in plants.^[27] This pathway is absent in animals, conferring selectivity to glyphosate as a herbicide that targets plant metabolism without directly affecting animal physiology via the same mechanism.^[28] By competitively binding to EPSPS and preventing the incorporation of phosphoenolpyruvate into shikimate-3-phosphate, glyphosate disrupts downstream protein, lignin, and secondary metabolite production, ultimately leading to cessation of growth and plant death.^[29] Upon foliar application, glyphosate is absorbed primarily through leaves and green stems within hours, with uptake enhanced by surfactants like POEA.^[19] It is then translocated systemically via the phloem to meristematic tissues, roots, and other sites of active growth, where it accumulates and exerts its inhibitory effects.^[19] Empirical studies demonstrate that this process results in chlorosis and necrosis visible within 2-4 days, with complete mortality of susceptible weeds typically occurring in 7-14 days, varying by plant species, environmental conditions, and application rate.^[19] In response to ongoing litigation, Bayer discontinued glyphosate-based formulations for residential consumer products in the U.S. market by 2024, introducing an "Exclusive Formula" line relying on alternative active ingredients such as diquat, fluazifop, imazapic, and triclopyr, while agricultural and professional-use variants continue to feature glyphosate.^[30] These changes do not alter the core biochemical mechanism for glyphosate-containing products but reflect formulation adjustments to address non-efficacy concerns.^[30]

Agricultural uses and economic impact

Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, is primarily applied in agriculture as a non-selective herbicide for broad-spectrum weed control. It is commonly used for pre-plant burndown treatments to eliminate existing vegetation before seeding crops such as corn and soybeans, allowing for timely planting without mechanical interference.^[31] In glyphosate-tolerant genetically modified (GM) crops, including over 90% of U.S. soybeans and corn acres planted with herbicide-tolerant varieties by the mid-2020s, it enables post-emergence applications during the growing season, targeting weeds while sparing the crop.^[21] This flexibility has facilitated the adoption of conservation tillage practices, reducing soil erosion and fuel use by minimizing plowing.^[23] Economically, glyphosate has driven significant productivity gains by simplifying weed management and lowering input costs. In the U.S., its integration with GM crops has contributed to yield increases of 10-30% in major row crops through effective weed suppression, while cutting labor and machinery expenses associated with alternative methods like tillage or multiple herbicide passes. Globally, the herbicide's role in enabling no-till and reduced-till systems has been estimated to save farmers billions annually in operational costs, with U.S. Department of Agriculture analyses highlighting its value in maintaining high output amid rising input prices.^[32] These benefits have supported expanded cultivation of staple crops, bolstering food supply stability and export competitiveness, though dependence on a single mode of action has prompted shifts toward diversified strategies.^[33] Advancements in precision agriculture have enhanced glyphosate's efficiency by enabling targeted applications that minimize off-target use and environmental drift. Drone-based systems, equipped with multispectral imaging, allow for spot-spraying on weed-infested areas within fields, reducing overall herbicide volume by up to 90% compared to broadcast methods in some trials.^[34] This technology integrates with global positioning systems for variable-rate application in GM row crops, preserving glyphosate's utility while addressing overuse concerns.^[35] Weed resistance to glyphosate, documented in over 50 species globally by 2025, poses a key challenge, with more than 30 resistant species affecting U.S. cropland and leading to yield losses of 20-50% in unmanaged fields.^[36] Resistance arises from repeated exclusive reliance, amplifying selection pressure, but integrated pest management (IPM) mitigates this through crop rotation, cover cropping, and residual herbicides alongside glyphosate.^[37] Such approaches restore efficacy, with extension services reporting sustained control when tillage or mechanical methods supplement chemical use, balancing economic gains against evolving pest dynamics.^[38]

Safety evaluations and regulatory approvals

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has conducted multiple reviews of glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, concluding in its 2020 assessment that it is "not likely to be carcinogenic to humans" based on evaluations of animal carcinogenicity studies, genotoxicity data, and human epidemiology showing no consistent evidence of cancer risk.^[3] This determination aligns with prior EPA findings from 2017 and emphasizes that glyphosate does not meet criteria for carcinogenicity classification under agency guidelines, drawing from chronic rodent studies where tumors observed were not dose-dependent or biologically plausible for humans.^[3] The Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), known as JMPR, evaluated glyphosate in 2016 and established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0–1 mg/kg body weight, affirming that dietary exposures at labeled application rates pose no appreciable health risk to consumers, supported by toxicology data indicating low acute and chronic toxicity. JMPR's review incorporated over 100 studies on absorption, metabolism, and long-term effects, concluding insufficient evidence for genotoxic or carcinogenic potential relevant to human exposure levels from approved uses.^[39] In the European Union, glyphosate's approval was renewed in 2017 for five years following assessments by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which found no critical areas of concern for human health when used as labeled, and extended in 2023 for ten years until December 2033, subject to restrictions on non-agricultural uses and requirements for further data on certain metabolites.^[40] These renewals relied on harmonized risk assessments privileging empirical data from mammalian chronic toxicity studies, where no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) ranged from 100–1,000 mg/kg/day across species, far exceeding typical human exposures.^[41] Occupational exposure for applicators, such as farmers, is estimated at margins of safety exceeding 1,000-fold below these NOAELs, with dermal and inhalation doses typically under 0.01 mg/kg body weight per application when using protective equipment.^[3] Regulatory approvals also incorporate environmental safety evaluations, with glyphosate's soil half-life varying from 2 to 197 days depending on microbial activity, temperature, and soil type, averaging around 30–47 days in field conditions, which supports its classification as having low persistence risk.^[42] United States Geological Survey (USGS) monitoring data indicate minimal groundwater contamination, with detections below 1 µg/L in most aquifers, reflecting low leaching potential due to strong soil adsorption and lack of bioaccumulation in non-target organisms.^[43] These factors underpin approvals emphasizing labeled use to minimize off-site movement.^[3]

Health controversies and scientific debates

In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a branch of the World Health Organization, classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A), citing limited evidence of associations with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in humans from occupational exposure studies and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals.^[44] This classification relied primarily on case-control studies with relative risks around 1.4 for high-exposure groups, but excluded or underweighted prospective cohort data available at the time.^[45] Critics have noted that IARC's process involved editing drafts to downplay findings of non-carcinogenicity, potentially reflecting selective emphasis on mechanistic and animal data over human epidemiology.^[46] Contrasting with IARC, large-scale prospective cohort studies, such as the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) involving over 54,000 pesticide applicators followed for more than 20 years, found no statistically significant association between glyphosate exposure and NHL incidence, with hazard ratios near or below 1.0 even for the highest exposure quartiles (adjusted HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.80-1.50).^[47] Updated meta-analyses incorporating AHS data and other cohorts, including over 300,000 participants, similarly report no overall elevated NHL risk from glyphosate (pooled RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.95-1.12), with relative risks often under 1.1 in high-quality epidemiological assessments.^[48]^[49] These findings align with evaluations by agencies like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which concluded glyphosate is "not likely to be carcinogenic to humans" based on comprehensive reviews prioritizing human data over limited mechanistic evidence.^[3] Claims of other health effects, such as microbiome disruption or endocrine interference, stem largely from in vitro or high-dose animal models but lack replication in human studies at environmentally relevant exposure levels (typically below 1-2 mg/kg/day for applicators). For instance, while glyphosate inhibits certain bacterial enzymes like EPSPS in lab settings, in vivo rodent studies at doses exceeding human equivalents show transient shifts without consistent links to disease outcomes like inflammation or metabolic disorder.^[50] Endocrine effects, including altered hormone signaling observed in cell cultures or rodents at concentrations 100-1000 times above typical human exposure, do not translate to epidemiological signals of reproductive or thyroid disruption in occupationally exposed populations.^[51] Formulation-specific concerns arise from surfactants like polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA) in Roundup products, which exhibit higher acute toxicity to aquatic organisms and amphibians than glyphosate alone, with LC50 values 10-100 times lower in some assays.^[52] Human poisoning cases involving high ingestion (e.g., >100 mL) highlight surfactant contributions to gastrointestinal and renal effects, though glyphosate itself shows low acute mammalian toxicity (oral LD50 >5000 mg/kg).^[53] Prior to glyphosate's introduction in 1974, herbicides like paraquat and atrazine posed greater risks due to higher persistence and neurotoxicity, with glyphosate enabling reduced overall pesticide volumes and substitution for more hazardous alternatives.^[54] Despite minority reports of genotoxicity or developmental effects from select lab studies, causal links remain unsubstantiated in human cohorts, underscoring the primacy of epidemiological null findings over preliminary mechanistic hypotheses.

Litigation and legal outcomes

Litigation against Monsanto (acquired by Bayer in 2018) over Roundup escalated following the International Agency for Research on Cancer's (IARC) 2015 classification of glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic to humans," prompting thousands of U.S. plaintiffs to allege that the herbicide caused non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and that the company failed to warn of risks.^[55] These failure-to-warn claims under state law have formed the core of suits, despite ongoing EPA approvals affirming glyphosate's safety for use.^[55] The first bellwether trial, Dewayne Johnson v. Monsanto Co. in California state court, resulted in a June 2018 jury verdict awarding the plaintiff $39 million in compensatory damages and $250 million in punitive damages, totaling $289 million, for failing to warn of cancer risks from Roundup exposure while working as a school groundskeeper.^[56] The award was later reduced by the trial court to $78 million, a decision upheld on appeal in 2020, though the liability finding stood, setting a precedent that fueled subsequent filings exceeding 192,000 claims by mid-2025.^[57]^[58] Bayer has resolved approximately 131,000 claims through settlements or ineligibility determinations as of July 2025, committing about $11 billion overall, including a 2020 master settlement framework for up to 125,000 cases and additional reserves of $1.37 billion announced in July 2025 to address remaining litigation expected to conclude by 2026.^[55]^[59] Roughly 61,000 claims persist, primarily in multidistrict litigation, with Bayer maintaining a favorable trial record of about 70% defense wins where cases reach juries.^[55]^[60] In 2025, appellate courts have reinforced defenses in key cases, such as the Illinois First District Appellate Court's September 18 upholding of a 2023 trial verdict for Monsanto in Evard v. Monsanto Co., rejecting claims of causation from Roundup exposure in a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma suit due to insufficient evidence linking the product to the illness.^[55]^[61] Appeals in other verdicts have frequently cited lacks in general or specific causation, contrasting with plaintiff jury awards that diverge from EPA assessments deeming glyphosate unlikely carcinogenic at labeled exposures.^[55] Legislative responses have emerged in at least 11 states by 2025 to curb suits via Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) preemption, which bars state requirements exceeding federal labeling standards; enacted laws in Georgia (effective July 2025) and North Dakota (August 2025), alongside bills in Florida, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Wyoming, aim to dismiss failure-to-warn claims preempted by EPA-approved labels.^[62]^[63] A pending U.S. Supreme Court review of circuit splits on FIFRA preemption could further limit ongoing claims if it affirms federal supremacy over divergent state tort liabilities.^[55]

Livestock and ranching

Practices and techniques

Livestock roundups involve systematically gathering scattered cattle from rangelands into centralized pens or corrals for tasks such as branding, castration, vaccination, weaning, or preparation for market shipment.^[64] Traditional techniques rely on horseback riders who fan out across pastures to locate herds, encircle them using coordinated driving, and direct them toward temporary wings or funnels leading to holding facilities, minimizing stress and scatter.^[64] In larger operations on open ranges, these methods ensure efficient collection without excessive dispersal. Modern practices incorporate all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) for faster traversal of rough terrain and helicopters for aerial scouting or herding over vast areas, particularly in remote western rangelands where cattle may roam miles from headquarters.^[65] Helicopters enable rapid location and gentle pushing of herds, reducing physical strain on ground crews while covering distances impractical on foot or horseback alone.^[65] Roundups typically occur seasonally, with spring gatherings around May for branding newborn calves before turning herds onto summer pastures, and fall events in September for weaning and culling prior to winter feeding.^[66] ^[67] On U.S. public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), which authorize grazing for approximately 1.5 million cattle across 155 million acres, these operations align with permit conditions to prevent overgrazing and maintain allotment health standards.^[68] ^[69] Advancements like GPS-enabled collars and tags have streamlined operations by providing real-time herd location data, enabling smaller teams to monitor and direct livestock remotely and reducing labor requirements from historical levels of 10 or more cowboys per major drive—sufficient for herds of 3,000 head—to as few as 2-5 workers in tech-assisted scenarios.^[70] ^[71] This shift lowers costs associated with large crews while improving precision in grazing management and loss prevention.^[71]

Historical and cultural significance

Cattle roundups emerged in the mid-19th century American West, particularly in Texas and Montana, as essential practices for gathering semi-feral herds descended from Spanish longhorns and early colonial stock for branding, castration, and preparation for market drives.^[72] In Texas, where vast unclaimed herds roamed after the Civil War, roundups enabled ranchers to consolidate cattle for trailing northward along routes like the Great Western Trail, which spanned over 2,000 miles across nine states starting in the 1870s.^[73] Montana ranching, beginning in the 1850s in western valleys, incorporated similar techniques by the 1860s, with the first Texas-to-Montana drive in 1866 supplying mining camps and expanding beef production northward.^[74] These operations were pivotal to frontier economics, funneling an estimated six million head to railheads for eastern markets, where beef prices fetched up to ten times Texas values, spurring town growth in places like Abilene and Dodge City.^[75]^[76] Roundups also fostered cultural icons, evolving into public spectacles that celebrated ranching skills. Events like Cheyenne Frontier Days, founded in 1897 in Wyoming, originated from informal cowboy roundups and featured bronco busting, steer roping, and pony races as demonstrations of frontier prowess.^[77] These gatherings romanticized the cowboy archetype, embedding roundup traditions in American identity through rodeo competitions that persist today.^[78] By the post-1950s era, traditional roundups waned in the U.S. due to barbed-wire fencing enclosing ranges from the 1880s onward and truck hauling supplanting horse drives by the 1970s, shifting to more mechanized herd management.^[79]^[80] However, analogous mustering practices endure in Australia, where vast outback stations rely on historical droving methods for gathering mobs on properties exceeding millions of acres, as seen in epic 19th- and early 20th-century treks like the 2.5-year drive to the Kimberley region.^[81]

Military and law enforcement

Military operations

Operation Roundup was the codename for a proposed Allied invasion of German-occupied northern France scheduled for spring 1943 during World War II. The plan, developed in early 1942 primarily under U.S. initiative, aimed to establish a major second front in Western Europe by landing approximately 48 divisions—30 American and 18 British—across the Channel from Britain. It formed the middle phase of a three-stage strategic offensive against Nazi Germany, preceded by the buildup of U.S. forces in the United Kingdom under Operation Bolero and followed by a push into Germany.^[82] Approved by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 1, 1942, the operation reflected American pressure, led by Army Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall, for an early direct assault on Fortress Europe to relieve Soviet burdens on the Eastern Front. However, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and his Chiefs of Staff harbored significant reservations, citing inadequate landing craft, air superiority deficits, and risks of high casualties against fortified Atlantic Wall defenses. These concerns, coupled with logistical constraints, prompted Churchill to advocate for peripheral strategies, ultimately swaying Roosevelt toward Operation Torch—the November 1942 invasion of North Africa—instead.^[83]^[84]^[85] By mid-1942, Anglo-American divergences escalated at conferences like the July Anglo-American Chiefs of Staff meeting, where Roundup's timeline was questioned amid competing demands for Mediterranean operations. The plan was formally deferred at the Casablanca Conference in January 1943, with resources redirected to the larger, more feasible Operation Overlord executed on June 6, 1944. Despite its cancellation, Roundup's deliberations shaped Allied command structures, force deployments, and the eventual D-Day strategy, highlighting tensions between U.S. advocates for bold continental invasion and British preferences for incremental attrition. Declassified documents reveal it influenced postwar analyses of "Germany First" prioritization, underscoring how early feasibility assessments averted potential disasters.^[84]^[85] Subsequent military operations bearing the name "Roundup" have typically denoted targeted advances or clearances rather than grand invasions. In Iraq's Diyala Province, Operation Marne Roundup, launched December 15, 2007, by Multi-National Division-Center forces, aimed to disrupt al-Qaeda in Iraq networks through joint U.S.-Iraqi raids and seizures of insurgent safe houses, resulting in over 100 enemy combatants killed or detained. Similarly, in 2018, a U.S.-led Coalition operation named Roundup in eastern Syria involved dozens of airstrikes and ground maneuvers to dismantle Islamic State remnants, accelerating the group's territorial collapse in the region. These later uses emphasize operational consolidation over strategic overhauls, distinct from the WWII plan's scale.^[86]^[87] No major military campaigns have directly incorporated the herbicide Roundup (glyphosate-based) under that operational name, though Vietnam War defoliation efforts from 1962–1971 parallel chemical vegetation control concepts; these relied on agents like Agent Orange, spraying nearly 19 million gallons without glyphosate involvement.^[88]

Law enforcement applications

In law enforcement, a roundup refers to a coordinated, large-scale operation involving multiple agencies to apprehend suspects, fugitives, or members of criminal networks, often in urban settings to disrupt organized crime or fugitive activity. These operations typically involve pre-planned raids, surveillance, and simultaneous arrests to minimize resistance and flight risks, drawing on shared intelligence from federal, state, and local entities. Historical precedents include the FBI's intensified efforts in the 1930s under Director J. Edgar Hoover to combat Depression-era gangsters, such as coordinated pursuits leading to the capture of figures like John Dillinger in 1934 and the dismantling of gangs through warrant-based arrests across multiple jurisdictions.^[89] Empirical data from the FBI highlights the effectiveness of modern multi-agency roundups in reducing fugitive populations and violent crime. For instance, in Operation No Escape, a 2025 collaboration between the FBI and U.S. Marshals Service, authorities apprehended 177 fugitives over six weeks, including 28 violent offenders wanted for homicide and sexual assault, demonstrating high capture rates in targeted sweeps. Similarly, a FBI Pittsburgh-led operation in October 2025 resulted in 19 arrests of violent fugitives during a five-day effort, contributing to broader metrics where such initiatives have cleared thousands from wanted lists annually, correlating with localized drops in recidivism and outstanding warrants. In Connecticut's segment of Operation No Escape, 84 fugitives were taken into custody by August 2025, underscoring the operational success in high-density urban areas.^[90]^[91]^[92] Post-9/11 counterterrorism roundups exemplify application against perceived threats, with the FBI's PENTTBOM investigation leading to over 1,000 arrests in the initial sweeps for immigration and terrorism-related violations, though many lacked direct terror links and faced scrutiny for low conviction rates on substantive charges. These operations prioritized rapid detention based on intelligence tips, reducing immediate risks but prompting debates over efficacy, as only a fraction resulted in terrorism convictions per Justice Department data.^[93] Legally, roundups must adhere to Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable seizures, requiring particularized probable cause for each arrest—either via judicial warrants or warrantless if supported by exigent circumstances or public observation. Courts have upheld mass operations where individualized suspicion exists, as in probable cause for felonies allowing warrantless arrests, but critiques highlight overreach risks in dragnet-style sweeps without warrants, potentially violating particularity requirements and leading to suppressed evidence. Balanced against this, success metrics show crime reductions, such as plummeting murder rates in areas post-fugitive apprehensions, justifying procedural rigor over blanket prohibitions.^[94]^[95]^[96]

Media and journalism

News summaries and formats

News roundups in journalism consist of curated summaries compiling key events from multiple sources into concise briefs, often structured chronologically or thematically to provide an overview of daily developments.^[97] This format prioritizes brevity and relevance, typically limiting each item to essential facts such as dates, locations, and outcomes, while avoiding in-depth analysis reserved for standalone reports.^[98] In television news, roundups originated with the expansion of scheduled broadcasts in the 1950s, evolving from radio summaries to visual formats that condensed global and national headlines into 15-30 minute segments. The BBC aired its first televised news bulletin on November 5, 1954, establishing a model of impartial aggregation that influenced subsequent networks by focusing on factual recaps without editorializing.^[99] CNN, launching on June 1, 1980, as the first 24-hour cable news channel, integrated roundups into its continuous cycle, with sister service Headline News emphasizing headline-style summaries updated hourly to cover breaking events efficiently.^[100] These practices reduced viewer time investment while maintaining broad coverage, adapting to live reporting demands during events like elections or crises.^[101] The digital era shifted aggregation toward algorithmic curation, exemplified by Google News, which launched on September 22, 2002, and initially drew from 4,000 sources to cluster similar stories and personalize feeds based on user queries and reading history.^[102] Unlike manual TV editing, these platforms employ machine learning to process vast volumes—over 25,000 publishers by 2014—filtering duplicates and prioritizing recency to handle information overload.^[103] Economic analyses indicate that such aggregators lower barriers to news access, increasing overall consumption by directing traffic to originals while minimizing redundancy through topic-based grouping.^[97]^[104] Studies on aggregator impacts highlight their role in enhancing efficiency, with evidence showing they boost attention allocation to diverse topics by summarizing snippets that encourage deeper engagement, thereby sustaining reader interest amid fragmented media landscapes.^[98] For instance, aggregator use correlates with higher selective exposure to varied content, countering echo chambers by surfacing cross-source perspectives in compact formats.^[105] This mechanism supports retention by streamlining discovery, as users spend less time scanning disparate outlets for comprehensive updates.^[106]

Arts and entertainment

Film

The Roundup is a South Korean action crime film series centered on Detective Ma Seok-do, portrayed by Ma Dong-seok, who leads efforts to apprehend violent criminals through coordinated police operations. The franchise began with the precursor The Outlaws in 2017 and continued with The Roundup in 2022, which depicts Ma traveling to Vietnam to extradite a suspect amid murders of Korean tourists by a serial killer, blending brutal action sequences with comedic elements. This installment grossed nearly $100 million at the Korean box office, becoming the highest-earning film of 2022 there with over 13 million admissions. Subsequent entries, The Roundup: No Way Out (2023) and The Roundup: Punishment (2024), follow Ma investigating drug trafficking and online gambling rings, respectively, maintaining the series' focus on high-stakes captures while incorporating international elements like Vietnamese and Japanese antagonists. Critical reception has been positive for its visceral fight choreography, with The Roundup holding a 96% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 26 reviews praising its energetic pacing despite formulaic plotting.^[107]^[108]^[109] Earlier films titled The Round-Up employ the term in historical contexts of mass apprehensions. Miklós Jancsó's 1966 Hungarian drama The Round-Up portrays Austrian forces interning suspected Hungarian partisans in a remote camp following the failed 1848 revolution, using long takes and minimal dialogue to explore coercion and betrayal among prisoners. The film received acclaim for its innovative cinematography and political depth, earning a 7.5/10 average user rating on IMDb from over 3,600 votes and recognition as a landmark in Eastern European cinema.^[110] In a World War II setting, the 2010 French film La Rafle (The Roundup), directed by Roselyne Bosch, dramatizes the 1942 Vel' d'Hiv Roundup in Paris, where French police arrested over 13,000 Jews under Nazi orders, focusing on child survivor Jo Weisman amid the chaos of internment and deportation. It garnered mixed reviews, with a 57% Rotten Tomatoes score from 35 critics noting its earnest intent but uneven execution in conveying historical horror.^[111]^[112] Western films often literalize "roundup" as cattle herding or outlaw pursuits. The 1920 silent comedy The Round-Up, directed by George Melford and starring Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle as an inept sheriff, follows his bumbling efforts to capture desperados in a frontier town, incorporating slapstick amid ranching motifs. It holds a 6.1/10 IMDb rating from 244 users, valued today for preserving early Hollywood humor and Arbuckle's pre-scandal popularity. Similarly, Lesley Selander's 1941 B-Western The Round Up features Richard Dix as a rancher thwarting outlaws at a wedding, emphasizing themes of frontier justice and livestock protection, with modest contemporary reception reflected in its 6.1/10 IMDb score. Short films like the 1920 British Pathé newsreel Cattle Roundup document real-life American cattle drives, capturing cowboys corralling herds in open ranges, providing empirical footage of early 20th-century ranching practices without narrative embellishment.^[113]^[114]^[115]

Music

"Roundup Lullaby," a cowboy folk song with lyrics by South Dakota poet Badger Clark first published in 1924, depicts the nighttime calm after a cattle drive, evoking the ranching era's rhythms with lines about weary cowboys and grazing herds under the stars.^[116] Set to music by various artists, it was recorded by Bing Crosby in the mid-20th century as part of his western-themed repertoire, preserving oral traditions of frontier life where roundups centralized herding practices essential to 19th-century American cattle operations.^[117] The song's enduring appeal in folk circles ties to its authentic portrayal of ranching hardships, performed by cowboy singers like Don Edwards to maintain cultural memory of seasonal livestock gatherings.^[118] In 1962, Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops Orchestra released the album Pops Roundup, featuring orchestral arrangements of cowboy and western folk tunes such as "Home on the Range" and "Red River Valley," which indirectly reference roundup logistics through themes of open-range herding.^[119] This instrumental collection, issued by RCA Victor, introduced classical audiences to ranching-inspired melodies, drawing from 19th-century folk sources that romanticized the cattleman's annual drives across the Great Plains, where crews of 20-50 men managed thousands of head.^[120] The 1999 song "Woody's Roundup," composed by Randy Newman and performed by the cowboy trio Riders in the Sky for Disney-Pixar's Toy Story 2, blends yodeling and twangy guitar in a playful homage to 1950s television westerns, name-checking characters like yodeling cowgirl Jessie amid fictional cattle herding antics. Riders in the Sky, formed in 1971 and known for preserving cowboy music traditions, infused the track with authentic western swing elements rooted in rodeo culture, amassing over 3 million YouTube views by evoking roundup camaraderie.^[121] Later, bluegrass band The Rarely Herd issued Roundup, Volume One in 2007, compiling original and traditional tunes like "Preachin' Up a Storm" that echo Appalachian influences on frontier folk, connecting to broader ranching narratives through acoustic instrumentation.^[122] A 2025 country release, "Roundup (At the Rodeo)" by Hank Rainbow, captures modern interpretations of livestock events with upbeat rhythms suited to arena performances, released via Terrabyte Music and aligning with contemporary rodeo anthems that sustain ranching heritage amid evolving agricultural practices.^[123] These works collectively underscore "Roundup" as a motif in American music, from folk ballads documenting empirical herding economics—where roundups optimized breeding and market timing—to stylized tributes reinforcing cultural realism over mythologized frontiers.

Other media

In Western literature, the cattle roundup serves as a recurring motif symbolizing the rigors of frontier ranching life. Owen Wister's seminal novel The Virginian (1902) includes detailed scenes of cowboys riding southward to gather stray cattle, highlighting tensions among the crew during the process.^[124] ^[125] Anthologies such as Roundup of Western Literature: An Anthology for Young Readers, edited by Oren Arnold, compile excerpts from such works to illustrate the roundup's role in shaping cowboy archetypes.^[126] Television Westerns frequently portrayed roundups to evoke the seasonal demands of cattle management. The series Gunsmoke, which aired from 1955 to 1975 and drew audiences averaging 20-40 million viewers per episode in its peak years, featured the episode "The Round Up" (Season 2, Episode 4, September 29, 1956), where Dodge City merchants anticipate disorder from arriving cowboys celebrating the end of a roundup.^[127] ^[128] In Bonanza (1959-1973), ranch operations on the Ponderosa often incorporated roundup sequences amid family dramas, as seen in episodes involving herd gathering before drives, reflecting the show's emphasis on sustainable cattle ranching.^[129] These depictions prioritized dramatic conflicts over technical accuracy, drawing from literary traditions while adapting for episodic formats.^[130]

Other uses

Technology and software

Roundup is an open-source issue-tracking system designed for managing bugs, tasks, and projects through customizable workflows.^[131] Written primarily in Python, it supports command-line, web, email, REST, and XML-RPC interfaces, enabling flexible integration into development environments.^[132] The system organizes issues into classes with properties such as description, priority, status, and assigned users, allowing administrators to define schemas via Python scripts for tailored tracking needs like agile development or customer support.^[133] Key features include detectors—Python-based rules that trigger actions on issue changes, such as notifications or status updates—and support for multiple databases like SQLite or anydbm for storage.^[134] Installation requires Python 3.7 or later, with no external libraries beyond the standard library, facilitating straightforward deployment on Unix-like systems or via containers like Docker.^[135]^[136] Roundup's design emphasizes simplicity and extensibility, originating from a 2000 Python tracker competition where its prototype won for usability and modularity.^[137] In terms of adoption, the project maintains active development, with version 2.5.0 released in July 2025, and mirrors on platforms like GitHub and SourceForge for community contributions.^[132] It has been deployed for software bug tracking, help desks, and fleet maintenance, though specific usage metrics vary by self-hosted instances rather than centralized analytics.^[138] Other tools bearing the name, such as niche data collectors for utilities, exist but lack the broad applicability of the core tracker.^[139]

Events and competitions

The Pendleton Round-Up, an annual PRCA-sanctioned rodeo held in Pendleton, Oregon, during the second full week of September, features competitive events including bareback riding, steer wrestling, and saddle bronc riding, drawing up to 50,000 spectators across multiple performances in an arena seating 17,000 that frequently sells out.^[140]^[141] Established in 1910, the event generated record attendance and concession sales in fiscal year 2021-22, contributing to financial surpluses for the community-owned association.^[142] Similarly, the Red Bluff Round-Up in Red Bluff, California, billed as the largest three-day rodeo in the United States, occurs in late April and includes PRCA competitions with an estimated annual economic impact exceeding $5 million through visitor spending on lodging, dining, and local services.^[143]^[144] In recent years, the event has driven up to $8.5 million in local revenue and attracted over 40,000 attendees, supporting scholarships and community programs.^[145]^[146] Other notable rodeo-style competitions include the Dodge City Roundup Rodeo in Kansas, a six-day PRCA event from late July to early August during Dodge City Days, offering payouts over $399,000 and recognized as North America's top rodeo in 2018 by USA Today.^[147]^[148]^[149] In Canada, the Northwest Round Up & Exhibition in Swan River, Manitoba, held the last weekend of July, combines rodeo contests with agricultural fairs, attracting regional visitors from Manitoba and Saskatchewan for ranch skills demonstrations and livestock judging.^[150] Beyond traditional rodeos, the Roundup & Best Bites Competition, part of Houston's Rodeo Uncorked! series in February, hosts a culinary contest with over 450 wines and gourmet bites, raising funds for youth scholarships through the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo Foundation.^[151] In technology, the H-Town Roundup in Houston, Texas, spanning March 24-28 in 2025, convenes entrepreneurs and investors for panels on climatetech, energy innovation, and startups, marking its fifth year with workshops and networking to foster regional tech growth.^[152]^[153]

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[PDF] The Impact of Aggregators on Internet News Consumption
One might therefore suspect that aggregator-augmented browsing lowers the cost for consuming breaking news compared to traditional news browsing. Most ...
[98]
[PDF] “Economics of News Aggregators"
Apr 2, 2018 · Dellarocas et al. (2016) study how readers allocate their attention between a news aggregator and the original articles it links to. They run ...
[99]
BBC News | History Timeline
First televised news bulletin. In 1954, BBC News aired its first televised news bulletin, bringing the latest headlines and updates to viewers in their homes.
[100]
Defining moments from 40 years of CNN
May 31, 2020 · CNN made its debut as the first 24-hour news channel on June 1, 1980. Since then the network has covered wars, natural disasters, politics and pop culture.
[101]
The birth of cable news - The Spokesman-Review
Jun 1, 2020 · How cable TV news has evolved since 1980. June 1, 1980. CNN launches. Nov. 30, 1981. Financial News Network launches. Jan. 1, 1982.
[102]
Google News turns 10 - The Keyword
Sep 22, 2012 · Google News launched on September 22, 2002—exactly a decade ago. ... Google News broke new ground in news aggregation by gathering links ...
[103]
Google News, a Free News Aggregator, Begins - History of Information
In 2014 Google News watched more than 4500 worldwide news sources, aggregating content from more than 25,000 publishers.
[104]
[PDF] What Do News Aggregators Do? Evidence from Google News in ...
Sep 30, 2016 · 1 This paper examines two recent events of disputes of Google News in Spain and Germany that prove useful to understand the role and impact of ...
[105]
Effects of News Factors on Users' News Attention and Selective ...
May 3, 2021 · This article investigates how news factors (eg, conflict, power elite) influence users' news attention and selective exposure on the news aggregator website ...
[106]
[PDF] What Do News Aggregators Do? Evidence from Google News in ...
1 This paper examines two recent events of disputes of Google News in Spain and Germany that prove useful to understand the role and impact of news aggregators ...<|separator|>
[107]
K-Movie to launch 'The Roundup 5' starring Don Lee at ACFM | News
Sep 9, 2025 · Sequel The Roundup became the top grossing film at the Korean box office in 2022 with takings of nearly $100m from 13 million admissions – ...
[108]
The Roundup (2022) | Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 96% (26) “The Roundup” is an action-packed sequel to the 2017 film “The Outlaws.” Often times brutal and very bloody, the movie also has its share of slapstick comedy ...Missing: title | Show results with:title
[109]
The Roundup (2022) - IMDb
Rating 7/10 (14,565) Followed by Ma Seok-do, who heads to a foreign country to extradite a suspect. However, he discovers additional murder cases and learns about a killer.The Roundup · Official Trailer · Parents guide · Plot
[110]
The Round-Up (1966) - IMDb
Rating 7.5/10 (3,614) In post-Kossuth Hungary, the army jails suspected partisans in an isolated fort to root out the guerilla, using perfidious coercion.Missing: Polish | Show results with:Polish
[111]
The Round Up - Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 57% (35) A well-meaning but inexpertly dramatized account of the roundup of 13,000 Parisian Jews in the summer of 1942. Content collapsed. Rotten score. Rated: 2.5/5 ...
[112]
A Nazi Roundup, Chaotically Evoked In 'La Rafle' - NPR
Nov 20, 2012 · La Rafle ("the roundup") chronicles the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup of July 1942, in which roughly 13,000 Jews living in Paris (4,501 of them children) ...
[113]
The Round-up (1920) - IMDb
Rating 6.1/10 (244) The Round-up: Directed by George Melford. With Roscoe 'Fatty' Arbuckle, Mabel Julienne Scott, Irving Cummings, Tom Forman. An overweight sheriff does his ...Missing: titled | Show results with:titled
[114]
The Round Up (1941) - IMDb
Rating 6.1/10 (53) Release date · April 4, 1941 (United States) ; Also known as. The Roundup ; Filming locations · Lone Pine, California, USA ; Production company · Harry Sherman ...Missing: historical | Show results with:historical
[115]
Cattle Roundup Aka Great Cattle Round-Up (1920) - YouTube
Apr 13, 2014 · ... FILM ID:206.32 A VIDEO FROM BRITISH PATHÉ. EXPLORE OUR ONLINE ... Cattle Roundup Aka Great Cattle Round-Up (1920). 514 views · 11 years ...
[116]
"Roundup Lullaby" by Badger Clark
"Roundup Lullaby" has been sung by folks including Katie Lee, Don Edwards, Bing Crosby, Sue Harris, and others. As a song, it's also been called "Cowboy ...Missing: folk | Show results with:folk
[117]
Roundup Lullaby - YouTube
Aug 11, 2021 · Provided to YouTube by SongCast, Inc. Roundup Lullaby · Bing Crosby The Jazzin' Bing Crosby ℗ 1970, Bing Crosby Released on: 2021-08-11 ...
[118]
Don Edwards sings this traditional cowboy song that has ... - Facebook
Jun 9, 2025 · Don, accompanied by Rich O'Brien, performs "I'd Like to Be in Texas for the Roundup in the Spring" during the 10th National Cowboy Poetry ...
[119]
1962 RCA BOSTON POPS ROUNDUP FIEDLER COWBOY ... - eBay
In stock $5.82 delivery1962 RCA BOSTON POPS ROUNDUP FIEDLER COWBOY WILD WESTERN FOLK SONGS RECORD ALBUM ; Series · Living Stereo – ; Format · Vinyl, LP, Album, Stereo ; Country · US.
[120]
Pops Roundup - Album by Arthur Fiedler | Spotify
Listen to Pops Roundup on Spotify · album · Arthur Fiedler · 1993 · 18 songs.
[121]
Woody's Roundup (from Toy Story 2) - YouTube
Oct 20, 2011 · Woody's Roundup (from Toy Story 2). 3.8M views · 14 years ago ...more ... The Lion King - Be Prepared Song (Official Video from "The ...
[122]
Roundup, Volume One - Album by The Rarely Herd - Apple Music
Apr 16, 2007 · Roundup, Volume One ; 1. Preachin' Up a Storm · 2:32 ; 2. Simon Crutchfield's Grave · 3:12 ; 3. The Last Time (You'll See Jenny) · 3:33 ; 4. The ...
[123]
Hank Rainbow - Roundup (At the Rodeo) [Official Music Video]
Sep 12, 2025 · Hank Rainbow - Roundup (At the Rodeo) Get the song: https://trbyte.music/Rodeo Welcome to the official channel of TerrabyteMusic!
[124]
The Virginian Chapters 17 18 Summary - Course Hero
The men ride southward from the railroad and round up stray cattle. There's tension between the Virginian and Trampas who is one of his subordinates.
[125]
https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-virginian-owen-wister/1100467871
[126]
https://www.thriftbooks.com/w/roundup-of-western-literature--an-anthology-for-young-readers/10339528/
[127]
"Gunsmoke" The Round Up (TV Episode 1956) - IMDb
The Roundup. A old friend of Matt hears about cowboys soon to arrive for a trail end party which means shooting and causing mayhem on Front Street and offers ...Full cast & crewPlotUser reviewsTrivia
[128]
Watch Gunsmoke Season 2 Episode 4 | Pluto TV
The Roundup ... Dodge City merchants celebrate the end of a round-up and unite against any acts of violence. S2E4 26 min.
[129]
Bonanza - The Trail Gang | Full Episode | 4K | English | Western Series
Sep 13, 2025 · Bonanza - The Trail Gang - About to set out on a cattle drive, Ben hires a young drifter named Sam Jackson as one of his drovers.
[130]
Old Western TV Shows - Cowboys and Indians Magazine
Jul 18, 2022 · Here is our list – compiled by polling readers, critics and C&I staffers – of the 20 Best Old Western TV Shows. · Gunsmoke (1955-1975) · Bonanza ( ...Missing: roundup | Show results with:roundup
[131]
Roundup Issue Tracker - Roundup 2.5.0 documentation
Roundup is an issue-tracking system that boasts a user-friendly interface and easy installation process. It offers a range of interfaces, including command-line ...
[132]
roundup - PyPI
Jul 12, 2025 · Roundup is a simple-to-use and install issue-tracking system with command-line, web and e-mail interfaces. It is based on the winning design ...
[133]
Roundup: an Issue-Tracking System for Knowledge Workers
Roundup is an issue-tracking system called which will manage a number of issues (with properties such as “description”, “priority”, and so on)
[134]
Developing Roundup - Roundup 2.5.0 documentation
Roundup doesn't require any external libraries. Installing Python 3 and its core libraries is enough to get Roundup running. The easiest way to work with ...
[135]
Installing Roundup - Roundup 2.5.0 documentation
Roundup requires Python 3.7 or newer with a functioning anydbm or sqlite module. The version installed by most vendors should work if it meets the version ...
[136]
rounduptracker/roundup - Docker Image
The Roundup Issue Tracker is a very flexible and simple-to-use issue-tracking system with command-line, web, REST, XML-RPC, and e-mail interfaces.
[137]
https://sourceforge.net/projects/roundup/
[138]
roundup-tracker/roundup: Mirror of http://hg.code.sf.net/p ... - GitHub
Roundup is a tool for creating issue trackers. This includes: bug trackers, help desk, agile development trackers, customer issue tracking, fleet maintenance ...
[139]
Roundup Data Collector Software - Maverick Utility Services
Roundup Data Collector Software is a proprietary Maverick interactive common platform that facilitates the paperless collection of data in real time.
[140]
PENDLETON ROUND-UP
Stay up to date with the latest roundup news, events, & more! Email. Sign up. Sponsors.General Schedule · 2018 Round-Up Results · Competitive Events · About Us
[141]
Pendleton Round-Up - The Oregon Encyclopedia
Apr 5, 2023 · Each September, as many as 50,000 spectators crowd into Pendleton to watch the four-day, community-owned and staged event. Operated from the ...Missing: attendance figures<|separator|>
[142]
Pendleton Round-Up posts a record year in 2022 | La Grande ...
Mar 10, 2023 · The Round-Up Association for fiscal year 2021-22 cleared almost $500,000 and set records for attendance and concession sales. PENDLETON — ...Missing: figures | Show results with:figures
[143]
Red Bluff Round-Up
The 103RD annual Red Bluff Round-Up, the largest 3-day rodeo in the country, runs April 19-21, 2024. Entertainment for the whole family.Events · Tickets · 2025 Rodeo Results · Event Map
[144]
About - Red Bluff Round-Up
The rodeo's economic impact is estimated to be more than $5 million annually ... off, car show, parade, and Western lifestyle tutorials in local ...
[145]
Red Bluff Round-Up expected to bring in $8.5M for local economy
Apr 14, 2022 · About $8.5 million dollars are brought into the community because of the rodeo, officials said. And by the end of the weekend, more than 40,000 ...Missing: impact | Show results with:impact
[146]
Red Bluff Round-Up looks to surpass success of 2021
Mar 25, 2022 · The economic impact was more than $8.1 million. Organizers are on track to match or surpass that figure this year. “Our little county has ...
[147]
Dodge City Roundup Rodeo
Dodge City Roundup Rodeo, July 29 - Aug. 3 - a 6-day PRCA rodeo and Xtreme Bulls held during the annual Dodge City Days festival.
[148]
Dodge City Roundup Rodeo Crowns New Champions, Shakes Up ...
Aug 7, 2025 · With more than $399,530 in total payout, this Prairie Circuit rodeo has the potential to significantly impact the PRCA standings. With less than ...
[149]
Dodge City Round Up Rodeo (@dodgecityroundup) - Instagram
2018 voted #1 RODEO in North America by USA TODAY'S 10 BEST. 608 S 14th Ave, Dodge City, Kansas 67801 dodgecityroundup.org
[150]
Northwest Round Up & Exhibition: Home
The Swan River premier outdoor fair and rodeo runs the last weekend of July every summer and draws visitors from all over Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and beyond.About Us · Contact Us · Schedules · Gate Passes<|separator|>
[151]
Roundup & Best Bites Competition | Houston Livestock Show and ...
Rodeo Uncorked! Roundup & Best Bites Competition is one of the largest gourmet food and wine events in the world with more than 450 award-winning wines and ...
[152]
H-Town Roundup 2025 - Greentown Labs
From March 24–28, 2025, H-Town Roundup will celebrate five years of innovation, entrepreneurship, and collaboration with FIVE incredible days packed with ...
[153]
H-Town Roundup 2025 - Houston Exponential
H-Town Roundup 2025 is from March 24–28, 2025, with talks, networking, and a showcase of the Houston tech and startup ecosystem.