Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Swede

Swede most commonly refers to a root vegetable or a native or inhabitant of Sweden (see Human-related uses). The swede (vegetable), also known as rutabaga or Swedish turnip, is a root vegetable classified as Brassica napus (Napobrassica Group), formed by a natural hybrid of turnip (Brassica rapa) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea).^[1] It is characterized by its round shape, purple-green skin, and creamy yellow-orange flesh, which provides a mildly sweet, earthy flavor when cooked.^[2] Originating likely in Scandinavia or Russia and first cultivated in Sweden during the 17th century, the swede is a hardy biennial plant valued for its nutritional content, including notable levels of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, making it a staple in cooler climates.^[3]^[4]

History and Cultivation

Swedes were introduced to Scotland in the 18th century, where they became known as "neeps" and are traditionally paired with haggis on Burns Night.^[3] The vegetable thrives in temperate regions with well-drained soil, maturing in 90–120 days, and is harvested in autumn and winter, with peak season from September to February in the UK.^[2] It is propagated from seeds sown in spring or early summer, and its leaves can also be eaten as greens, though the root is the primary edible part.^[1] Globally, production is significant in northern Europe and North America, where it serves both as a human food and livestock fodder due to its high yield and cold tolerance.^[5] (See Vegetable § History and cultivation for more details.)

Nutritional Profile and Health Benefits

A 100-gram serving of cooked swede provides approximately 37 calories, with notable amounts of vitamin C (20 mg, about 22% of the DV to support immune function and cell protection) and vitamin B6 (aiding nervous system health and reducing fatigue).^[6]^[3] It is also a source of dietary fiber for digestive health, potassium for blood pressure regulation, and glucosinolates, which may offer anti-cancer properties common to cruciferous vegetables.^[4] Low in fat and carbohydrates compared to starchy roots like potatoes, swede is suitable for low-calorie diets and has a high glycemic index (72), though its low glycemic load due to modest carbohydrate content.^[7]^[5]

Culinary Uses

Swede is versatile in cooking, typically prepared by peeling and boiling (12–15 minutes), roasting (40–55 minutes at 200°C), or steaming to retain its texture, as overcooking can cause it to become mushy.^[2] Common dishes include mashed swede (often mixed with potatoes or carrots for creaminess), hearty stews, soups, and pies, with its natural sweetness enhancing roasts seasoned with garlic, herbs, or spices.^[3] In raw form, it can be grated into salads for a crisp addition, though its flavor is milder when young and smaller in size.^[1] Storage in a cool, dark place or refrigerator extends its shelf life up to two weeks, making it ideal for seasonal winter meals.^[2] (See Vegetable for varieties and detailed preparation.)

As a demonym

A Swede is a native, inhabitant, or citizen of Sweden. The term derives from Middle Low German Swede, meaning "Swede-people," which traces back to Proto-Germanic swihô or Sweoniz, denoting "kinsman" or "kindred," referring to the early Germanic tribes in the region.^[8] Its earliest English attestation appears in Old English as Swēon, a plural form for the inhabitants of Sweden, evolving into the modern demonym by the 16th century.^[9] Swedes form a North Germanic ethnic group primarily native to Sweden, sharing a common ancestry, cultural heritage, historical narrative, and the Swedish language, an East North Germanic tongue. As of 2025, ethnic Swedes number approximately 8.8 million worldwide, with about 8.5 million residing in Sweden (comprising roughly 80% of the 10.6 million total population) and significant communities including Finland's Swedish-speaking minority (around 290,000) and various diaspora populations in North America, Australia, and Europe.^[10]^[11] Globally, Swedes are often perceived through cultural stereotypes emphasizing national traits like political neutrality, technological innovation, and a robust social welfare system. Sweden's policy of armed neutrality, maintained from 1814 until its NATO accession in 2024, has cemented an image of the country as a peaceful mediator in international conflicts.^[12] This aligns with associations of Swedish innovation, exemplified by globally recognized companies such as IKEA for affordable, minimalist design and Volvo for automotive safety advancements like the three-point seatbelt.^[13] Additionally, Sweden's comprehensive welfare state—featuring universal healthcare, generous parental leave, and income redistribution—reinforces perceptions of Swedes as egalitarian and socially progressive, though these views can sometimes oversimplify the nation's diverse modern identity.^[14]

Ancient tribe

The Swedes, known in Old Norse as Svear and in Latin sources as Suiones, formed a North Germanic tribal confederation centered in the region of Uppland and surrounding areas of central Sweden during the Migration Period, roughly from the 4th to 6th centuries CE. This group is first attested in Roman ethnographic accounts, where the Suiones are described as a seafaring people dwelling along the Baltic coast, distinguished by their naval prowess, centralized monarchy, and disciplined society that emphasized wealth and restricted access to arms to prevent internal strife. The tribe's territory, often referred to as Svealand or "land of the Swedes," encompassed fertile lands around Lake Mälaren, supporting a semi-agrarian economy with strong maritime trade links to the Baltic world. Early medieval texts, such as those by Jordanes in the 6th century, further echo these descriptions, portraying the Suiones as part of the broader Scandinavian tribal mosaic amid the upheavals of Germanic migrations.^[15]^[16] Archaeological evidence from the subsequent Vendel Period (c. 550–790 CE) illuminates the Svear's social complexity and emerging state structures, with elite burial sites at Vendel and Valsgärde in Uppland revealing a warrior aristocracy through richly furnished boat graves containing weapons, imported luxuries like Byzantine silks and garnet jewelry, and ceremonial helmets indicative of high-status individuals. These mounds, often reused across generations, suggest a hierarchical society transitioning from tribal alliances to proto-kingship, with runic inscriptions on artifacts—such as the early futhark runes on bracteates—attesting to linguistic and cultural continuity among the Svear. The presence of horse gear and ship fittings in these burials underscores the tribe's equestrian and naval capabilities, linking them to broader North Sea networks and foreshadowing Viking Age expansions. Such finds, excavated since the 19th century, provide tangible links to the Svear's role in early Swedish ethnogenesis, distinct from southern Scandinavian influences.^[17]^[18] During the Viking Age (c. 790–1100 CE), the Svear played a pivotal role in the consolidation of power, evolving from a loose confederation into a core component of the emerging medieval Kingdom of Sweden, particularly under King Olof Skötkonung (r. c. 995–1022), the first documented ruler to govern both the Svear and the southern Geats (Götar). Olof's reign marked a key transition, with his minting of Sweden's earliest coins at Sigtuna and his baptism around 1008 symbolizing the integration of Christian influences while maintaining pagan traditions among the tribes. Historical accounts from Adam of Bremen describe Olof's authority extending over Uppland's assemblies (things), facilitating raids and trade that bolstered Svear influence across the Baltic. By the 12th century, this tribal nucleus had contributed to a unified Swedish realm, with Uppsala emerging as a ceremonial center.^[19]^[20] The Svear were distinct from the related Geats, who inhabited Götaland in southern Sweden and maintained separate polities with their own laws and assemblies until unification under shared monarchs like Olof Skötkonung. While the Geats featured prominently in Anglo-Saxon literature like Beowulf as a heroic southern tribe, the Svear represented the northern core, with their name deriving from Proto-Germanic roots meaning "one's own people." Post-unification in the 11th–12th centuries, the term "Swedes" gradually expanded to denote the entire population of the kingdom, subsuming Geatish identity into a broader national ethnonym by the late medieval period. This evolution reflected political amalgamation rather than cultural assimilation, as evidenced by persistent regional differences in law codes until the 13th century.^[21]^[22]

Vegetable

Description and varieties

The swede, scientifically classified as Brassica napus subsp. napobrassica, is a biennial root vegetable in the Brassicaceae family, resulting from a natural hybrid between the turnip (Brassica rapa) and wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea).^[23]^[24] It features a globe-shaped taproot with purple-tinged skin on the upper portion transitioning to pale yellow or cream below, enclosing firm yellow-orange flesh.^[23]^[25] Mature roots typically measure 3-6 inches in diameter and weigh 1-2 pounds, harvested when they reach optimal size to avoid toughness.^[23]^[25] Swedes offer a milder, sweeter flavor profile compared to turnips, attributed to their higher sugar content, which imparts an earthy yet less pungent taste.^[23]^[26] Nutritionally, a typical serving (about 140 grams of cooked swede) provides approximately 30% of the daily value for vitamin C, along with dietary fiber for digestive health and antioxidants such as glucosinolates, which contribute to anti-inflammatory effects.^[27]^[28] Common cultivars include 'American Purple Top', a standard North American variety producing large, globe-shaped roots with deep purple crowns and good storage qualities; 'Marian', a European selection noted for resistance to clubroot disease and uniform growth; and 'Laurentian' (or Improved Laurentian), a Canadian heirloom with smooth, nearly neckless roots featuring a purple crown over cream-yellow bases, prized for its tenderness and extended shelf life.^[25]^[29] These varieties vary in root size (e.g., 4-6 inches for 'American Purple Top'), skin coloration intensity, and resilience to storage conditions, with 'Laurentian' often excelling in cold climates.^[25]^[30] In sensory terms, raw swede has a firm, crisp texture suitable for slicing, while cooking softens it to a creamy consistency with enhanced sweetness.^[4] Unlike the smaller, whiter-fleshed turnip with its sharper bite, swede's larger size and sweeter profile make it versatile for roasting or mashing.^[23]^[26]

History and cultivation

The swede (Brassica napus var. napobrassica), also known as rutabaga, originated from a natural hybridization between Brassica rapa (turnip) and Brassica oleracea (cabbage), which likely occurred thousands of years ago in the wild before human cultivation.^[31] First documented as a cultivated crop in continental Europe during the 17th century, it gained prominence in Sweden, earning the common name "swede" or "Swedish turnip" due to its early association with that region.^[32] The vegetable spread to Scotland around 1781 via imports from Sweden, where it was rapidly adopted as a hardy field crop, and reached North America in the early 1800s through European immigrants, particularly in northern regions suitable for its growth.^[33] ^[34] Historically used primarily as livestock fodder in Europe due to its high yield and storage qualities, the swede transitioned to significant human consumption following the Industrial Revolution, when labor shortages and nutritional needs elevated its role in diets across Scandinavia and Britain.^[35] In the United States and Canada, the name "rutabaga" derives from the Swedish term "rotabagge," meaning "root bag" or "baggy root," reflecting its bulbous shape, while in Scotland it is commonly called "neep," a diminutive of the older term for turnip.^[36] ^[37] Swedes require cool climates for optimal growth, with daytime temperatures of 50-70°F (10-21°C) and nights not exceeding 60°F (15.5°C) to prevent bolting and ensure root development; they tolerate light frost, which can improve flavor, but sustained heat above 80°F (27°C) leads to poor quality.^[35] They perform best in well-drained, loamy soils enriched with compost or manure, maintaining a pH range of 6.0-7.5 to minimize issues like clubroot; acidic soils below pH 6.0 increase disease susceptibility, so lime application may be necessary.^[35] ^[38] Planting is typically done in early spring or midsummer, with seeds sown ½ inch deep and 2 inches apart in rows 14-18 inches wide, then thinned to 6 inches for spacing; a balanced fertilizer like 10-10-10 is applied at planting and again after four weeks to support steady growth.^[35] Maturity requires 90-100 days, with harvest in fall when roots reach 4-5 inches in diameter for storage varieties; midsummer planting aligns with a post-frost harvest to avoid woody texture.^[35] ^[39] Pest management focuses on common threats like flea beetles, which damage young leaves, and cabbage root maggots, which bore into roots; floating row covers or insecticidal soaps provide effective control without residues.^[35] Diseases such as clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, and powdery mildew are prevalent in brassicas, necessitating crop rotation every 3-4 years, good drainage, and selection of resistant varieties to limit spread.^[35] ^[38] Global production centers on northern temperate regions, with major producers including Canada, the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom; for example, Canada produced around 140,000 metric tons in 2023.^[40]^[41] Since the 20th century, breeding programs in Scandinavia and Scotland have emphasized disease resistance—particularly to clubroot and root flies—along with improved yield and storage life, resulting in cultivars like those combining tolerance to Delia radicum and Plasmodiophora brassicae.^[42]

Fictional characters

In television series

In the HBO comedy series Our Flag Means Death (2022–2023), the character known as The Swede is portrayed by Nat Faxon as a bumbling and overly optimistic Swedish pirate aboard Captain Blackbeard's ship, the Revenge.^[43] As a member of the eclectic crew, he is ranked among the funniest due to his lack of intelligence and humorous predicaments such as contracting scurvy.^[44] The character's arc emphasizes themes of identity and the search for belonging, as he navigates life among societal outcasts, evolving from a peripheral figure to one who finds unexpected connections within the crew.^[45] Another prominent television portrayal is Thor "The Swede" Gundersen in the AMC Western drama Hell on Wheels (2011–2016), played by Christopher Heyerdahl. Gundersen functions as a ruthless foreman for the Union Pacific Railroad during the post-Civil War era, enforcing order in the lawless railroad camps of 1860s America.^[46] His backstory reveals a traumatic history as a Norwegian immigrant who served in the Union Army, endured imprisonment at Andersonville, and suffered the devastating loss of his family to a Sioux attack, which fuels his complex motivations.^[47] Through his evolving relationship with protagonist Cullen Bohannon, the character explores redemption, unwavering loyalty to authority figures like Thomas Durant, and the cultural alienation of Scandinavian immigrants in the American West.^[48] These depictions of "Swede" characters in American television often embody broader tropes of Scandinavian figures as either stoically reserved or comically exaggerated, drawing on historical stereotypes of Swedish and Nordic reserve, neutrality, and cultural otherness in media representations.^[49] Such portrayals reflect lingering influences from immigrant dialects and cultural perceptions in U.S. entertainment, where Scandinavian characters serve as foils for exploring identity and adaptation in diverse settings.^[49]

In film and literature

In American literature and film, fictional characters referred to as "the Swede" frequently embody archetypes drawn from Scandinavian immigrant stereotypes, portraying them as stoic outsiders navigating the harsh American frontier or urban underbelly. A foundational example appears in Stephen Crane's short story "The Blue Hotel" (1898), set in a remote Nebraska town during a snowstorm. The Swede, an unnamed Eastern traveler, checks into Pat Scully's hotel with a group of mismatched guests, including a cowboy and a gambler. His growing paranoia—fueled by dime novel tales of Western violence—leads him to accuse Scully's son of cheating at cards, sparking a brawl that spills into a saloon where the Swede is fatally stabbed by a gambler. This narrative arc underscores themes of xenophobia, cultural clash, and the destructive power of unfounded fear, with the Swede serving as a tragic catalyst for the story's exploration of human isolation in the expanding American West. Ernest Hemingway's "The Killers" (1927), adapted into Robert Siodmak's 1946 film noir, presents Ole "the Swede" Anderson as a resigned, enigmatic figure whose passive demeanor highlights existential fatalism. In the story, the Swede, a washed-up heavyweight boxer hiding in a small Illinois town, learns from two hitmen that he is marked for death due to a past double-cross in a fixed fight; he accepts his end without resistance, lying in bed awaiting it. The film expands this into a flashback-driven plot, with Burt Lancaster's portrayal emphasizing the Swede's entanglement in a robbery scheme involving a seductive femme fatale, culminating in his execution in an alley. Both versions use the character to exemplify Hemingway's "grace under pressure," contrasting the Swede's quiet defeatism with the killers' ruthless efficiency and critiquing the moral voids of post-immigrant American life. In Philip Roth's novel American Pastoral (1997), the protagonist Seymour Irving "the Swede" Levov is a successful Jewish-American businessman and former athlete nicknamed for his blond, Nordic looks despite his heritage. Narrated through the lens of writer Nathan Zuckerman, the story chronicles the Swede's idealized life unraveling due to his daughter Merry's radical activism and bombing, exploring the illusion of the American Dream, assimilation, and generational conflict in post-World War II America. Ewan McGregor's portrayal in the 2016 film adaptation emphasizes the Swede's stoic facade masking inner turmoil. In pulp western novels, the Swede emerges as a tough, laconic gunslinger or laborer archetype, reflecting the physical prowess associated with Scandinavian settlers in ranching and mining communities. Max Brand's "Destry Rides Again" (1930), adapted into George Marshall's 1939 film starring James Stewart, features the Swede as a minor but illustrative town figure—a hardened resident sidelined by illness yet entangled in the central conflict of revenge against corrupt outlaws. Destry, the mild-mannered protagonist seeking justice for his father's murder, interacts with the Swede amid saloon shootouts and land disputes, portraying him as a reliable ally shaped by frontier hardships and immigrant resilience. This depiction draws on real-life stereotypes of Swedes as strong, uncomplaining workers in the American West, adding gritty authenticity to the genre's tales of lawlessness and redemption. The "Swede" character type evolved alongside waves of Scandinavian immigration from the mid-19th century onward, transitioning from dependable sidekicks in dime novels—symbolizing honest agrarian labor and loyalty in tales of pioneer expansion—to more ambivalent anti-heroes in mid-20th-century films. Early portrayals in 19th-century popular fiction emphasized reliability and physical endurance, aligning with Nordic settlers' roles in Midwest farming and Western rail-building, as seen in works romanticizing assimilation. Post-World War II adaptations, influenced by noir and social realism, infused the archetype with isolation, moral ambiguity, and subtle alienation, mirroring anxieties over cultural integration amid declining immigration and rising nativism. This shift highlights how literature and film used the Swede to probe broader themes of identity and belonging in the American narrative.^[50]^[51]

Other uses

As a surname

Swede is a rare surname of Scandinavian origin, derived from the Old Norse term svíþr, meaning "Swede" or referring to a person from Sweden. It was often adopted or anglicized by immigrants during the 19th and 20th centuries and is possibly related to patronymic names like Svensson (meaning "son of Sven"), though it primarily denotes Swedish origin directly.^[52]^[53]^[54] Globally, the surname occurs in approximately 1 in 7.4 million people, ranking as the 367,445th most common surname worldwide, with the highest incidence in Asia (53% of bearers, primarily in Israel) and North America (27%, primarily in the United States), based on recent distributional data. It lacks significant noble or ancient lineages, differing from more prevalent Swedish patronymics like Andersson or Johansson, and is primarily found in English-speaking regions due to migration patterns from Scandinavia.^[55] Notable individuals associated with the name include Robert Fort Hanson (1933–2002), an American professional wrestler better known by his ring name Swede Hanson, who gained recognition for his tag-team partnerships in the National Wrestling Alliance circuits during the 1960s and 1970s. The surname's rarity means few prominent bearers are documented, though it occasionally appears in sports contexts as a nickname rather than a formal family name.^[56]

In sports and nicknames

In North American sports, "Swede" has long served as an informal nickname for athletes of Swedish descent or those perceived to embody Scandinavian traits, often highlighting their heritage amid immigrant communities. One prominent example is Börje Salming (1951–2022), a Hockey Hall of Famer who earned the moniker "the Swede" during his trailblazing NHL career. Salming joined the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1973 as one of the first Europeans to play in the league, where he faced anti-immigrant bias, including taunts of "Chicken Swede" that stereotyped Scandinavian players as soft and unready for the NHL's physicality.^[57]^[58]^[59] Over 16 seasons with the Maple Leafs (1973–1989), Salming amassed 148 goals and 620 assists for 768 points, setting franchise records for defensemen in those categories while appearing in three NHL All-Star Games and earning six postseason All-Star nods. His toughness—demonstrated in fights and enduring injuries like a severe facial cut requiring 200 stitches—shattered prejudices, paving the way for future European stars and earning him induction into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1996 as the first European-trained inductee.^[57]^[58]^[60] Another athlete nicknamed "Swede" was Harvey Wade Halbrook (1933–1988), a 7-foot-3-inch center who played briefly in the NBA for the Syracuse Nationals (now Philadelphia 76ers) from 1960 to 1962, appearing in 143 games with averages of 5.5 points and 6.6 rebounds per game. Though Halbrook's ancestry was German and Dutch rather than Swedish, his nickname reflected broader 20th-century patterns where fair-haired, tall immigrants from Northern Europe were labeled "Swede" in sports like basketball and baseball, symbolizing the integration of Scandinavian-descended players into American professional leagues.^[61]^[62] By the 1980s, as Scandinavian talent surged in hockey and baseball—fueled by increased immigration and scouting—"Swede" evolved from a potentially derogatory label into an affectionate term that celebrated players' heritage and skill, humanizing foreign athletes in a diversifying North American sports landscape.^[59]^[63]

References

[1]
Swede | alimentarium
Swede is a root vegetable, a cross between kale and turnip, with a sweet, fragrant flavor, and a high vitamin C content. Its color becomes more vivid when ...
[2]
Swede - Good Food
Swede, also known as rutabaga or neeps, is a root vegetable. Find out how to select, store, prepare and cook swede, and when it's in season.<|control11|><|separator|>
[3]
[PDF] 4 Facts About Swede - Nutrition Scotland
Swede, also called Swedish turnip or neeps, is a purple-green root vegetable with orangey-yellow, sweet flesh. It's a source of vitamin B6 and is in season ...
[4]
7 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Rutabagas - Healthline
Jul 10, 2019 · Rutabaga is a root vegetable that belongs to the Brassica genus of plants, whose members are informally known as cruciferous vegetables.
[5]
Swedes - Tuwīti tānapu - Vegetables.co.nz
Swedes are a hybrid of turnip and cabbage, with a sweet flavor, purple top, cream bottom, and are a good source of vitamin C and fiber.
[6]
Swede - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Etymology. From Middle Low German Swêde, from a Germanic word akin to Old Norse Svíþjóð, Old English Swēoþēod (“Sweden”, literally “Swede nation”), itself from ...
[7]
swede - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
Middle Dutch or Middle Low German; cognate with German Schwede; compare Old English Swēon (plural), Old Norse Svēar, Svīar, Medieval Latin Suiōnes; 1580–90.<|control11|><|separator|>
[8]
Sweden - The World Factbook - CIA
Sep 29, 2025 · This is the population pyramid for Sweden. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex. Dependency ratios · Median age. comparison ranking: ...Country Factsheet · View Details · View 5 photos · Travel Facts
[9]
Population statistics - SCB
At the end of 2025, 10 592 700 people were registered in Sweden, which was an increase of 5 000 people since the beginning of the year.Missing: diaspora | Show results with:diaspora
[10]
Connecting with Your Swedish Ancestry - FamilySearch
Nov 12, 2018 · If you have Swedish heritage, you're not alone—over 14 million people worldwide are Swedish or have Swedish ancestry. There are online Swedish ...
[11]
Sweden: a history of neutrality ends after 200 years
May 26, 2022 · Sweden's neutrality began after a disastrous loss of territory to Russia during the Napoleonic wars in 1812, and this security policy later ...
[12]
10 Swedish brands and innovations - Sweden.se
Jul 1, 2025 · IKEA furniture. Home furnishing ... Among the more famous Swedish brands and innovations, we find Volvo – as iconic as Swedish meatballs.
[13]
The welfare state | Informationsverige.se
It describes what a welfare state is and how Swedish politicians introduced reforms to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor.
[14]
https://www.informationsverige.se/en/om-sverige/att-komma-till-sverige/valfardsstaten.html
[15]
The Suiones of Tacitus - jstor
THE SUIONES OF TACITUS. Cap. 44 of the Germania of Tacitus is devoted to the Suiones or Swedes. The chapter reads as follows: 1. Suionum hinc civitates ipso ...
[16]
(PDF) Elite Burials with Bohemian Garnets in Vendel Period Sweden
This paper is a short note on two elite burilas from present day Sweden. Dated to the Vendel period, i.e. the equivalent of the Merovingian period in ...
[17]
Abandon Ship! Digging out the Dead from the Vendel Boat-Graves
Feb 16, 2015 · Evidence is presented that the main parts of the burials, notably the human bones, were systematically dug out of nearly every grave and removed from the site.
[18]
[PDF] St. Birgitta and Medieval Swedish Politics A Dissertation Submit
Germania in the first century has widely been believed to be the first reference of the Svear. ... two separate peoples and kingdoms, the Svear and Götar. For the ...Missing: Migration | Show results with:Migration
[19]
[PDF] 'King of Sweden, the Götar and the Wends'... What about the Finns?
3 The first king for which there is concrete evidence is Olof Skötkonung who reigned from the late tenth to early eleventh century.4 At that time, Sweden ...
[20]
[PDF] Personal Names on Swedish Viking Age Runestones
observed among various tribes during the Migration Period, such as the Vandals, Burgundians, ... tribal name Svear, one of the two main tribal ancestors of ...
[21]
Swedish History - Sweden Travel Guide - Eupedia
The traditional date for the foundation of the kingdom is often given as 1021, when Olof Skötkonung is said to have ruled over both groups, though this process ...
[22]
Brassica napus Napobrassica Group (Russian turnip, Rutabaga ...
The Napobrassica Group is referred to as rutabaga in the United States and is in the Brassicaceae family. The genus name Brassica is Latin for cabbage. ...Missing: subsp. | Show results with:subsp.
[23]
Rutabaga - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Rutabaga, also known as swede (Brassica napus var. napobrassica), is defined as a root crop grown primarily for animal fodder and human consumption, ...<|separator|>
[24]
Rutabaga (Swede) and Turnip - OSU Horticulture Department
Feb 15, 2010 · VARIETIES (approximately 60-80 days). Rutabaga. Improved Laurentian (fresh market), American Purple Top (fresh market and processing). For ...
[25]
What's the Difference Between Turnips and Rutabagas?
Jan 23, 2024 · In terms of their flavor, rutabagas are slightly sweeter-tasting than turnips whereas turnips have a slightly more radishy flavor. The most ...
[26]
The Phytochemical Screening and Biological Properties of Brassica ...
Rutabaga, also known as swede and scientifically classified as Brassica napus napobrassica, is a biennial edible root vegetable that belongs to the Brassica ...
[27]
[PDF] Rutabagas - Washington State University
Current varieties: American Purple Top, American Yel- low, Doon Major (Fig. 1), Helenor, Joan, Laurentian, Major. Plus (Fig. 2), Marian, Winton. Seed sources: ...<|separator|>
[28]
Reviving the Heirloom Rutabaga | Extension | West Virginia University
Apr 1, 2024 · Many heirloom varieties of rutabaga were grown, including Marian, Navone, American Purple Top Yellow, Nadmorska, Laurentian and Wilhelmsburger.Missing: common | Show results with:common
[29]
New study revises origins of the humble rutabaga
Jul 1, 2019 · The new study challenges the idea that rutabaga came from a cabbage and turnip cross, showing a more complex origin with no separate origins ...
[30]
https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/news/2024/04/01/heirloom-rutabaga
[31]
The Food Timeline--vegetables
The rutabaga is said by Sinclair, in the account of the system of husbandry in Scotland, to have been introduced into Scotland about 1781-2, and a quotation in ...<|separator|>
[32]
All About Rutabagas - Recette Magazine - Suvie
Jun 25, 2021 · Rutabagas first arrived in England via Germany in 1750 and they first arrived in Scotland by way of Sweden in 1781. In North America ...Missing: introduction | Show results with:introduction
[33]
How to Grow Rutabagas: Planting, Care & Harvest Guide
Sow seeds when the soil reaches 40ºF. Optimum soil temperatures are 40º to 60º F. Plant seeds 1/2 of an inch deep, 2 inches apart, in rows 14 to 18 inches apart ...
[34]
Rutabagas Information and Facts - Specialty Produce
Geography/History ... Rutabagas were created by Swiss botanist Gaspard Bauhin during the seventeenth century, through a cross between a cabbage and a turnip. The ...
[35]
What's a Rutabaga? - The Land Connection
Dec 5, 2019 · The name “rutabaga” comes from the Swedish word rotabagge, which means “baggy root.” Rutabagas are also commonly referred to as Swedes, Neeps, ...
[36]
How to grow swedes | RHS Vegetables
Swedes grow best in an open, sunny site with moist but free-draining, fertile soil. Dig in plenty of garden compost or well-rotted manure, ideally well ahead of ...Missing: climate | Show results with:climate
[37]
https://www.thelandconnection.org/blog/whats-a-rutabaga/
[38]
Rutabaga production and top producing countries - Tridge
In 2023, China was the largest producer of Rutabaga, followed by India, Russia, South Korea, Ukraine, Japan, Indonesia, Vietnam, Kenya, Turkiye.Missing: swede 2024
[39]
Brassica napus var. napobrassica (swede) | CABI Compendium
Swede is a cool-season frost-tolerant biennial crop that is grown as an annual crop because flower stalk development reduces yields and root quality.
[40]
Nat Faxon as The Swede - Our Flag Means Death - IMDb
Our Flag Means Death (TV Series 2022–2023) - Nat Faxon as The Swede.
[41]
Our Flag Means Death: The Main Characters, Ranked By Funniness
Apr 3, 2022 · The Swede (Nat Faxon) While not exactly one of Our Flag Means Death's most intelligent characters, The Swede is easily one of the funniest ...
[42]
Let's Unpack the Season 2 Finale of 'Our Flag Means Death'
Oct 26, 2023 · It turns out Spanish Jackie poisoned the brandy—but don't worry, the Swede, who's been acting as poison tester, is apparently immune. If ...<|separator|>
[43]
Christopher Heyerdahl Talks HELL ON WHEELS and THE ... - Collider
Nov 28, 2011 · On the AMC Western drama Hell on Wheels, actor Christopher Heyerdahl plays Thor Gundersen, also known as The Swede, who is Thomas Durant's ...
[44]
Hell on Wheels Q&A - Christopher Heyerdahl (The Swede) | AMC Talk
Aug 23, 2015 · The interesting thing about Thor Gundersen is that he will do anything to survive. During his time in Andersonville, I think there was a ...<|separator|>
[45]
Hell on Wheels Q&A – Christopher Heyerdahl (The Swede) | AMC Talk
Jun 12, 2016 · Christopher Heyerdahl, who plays the Swede on AMC's Hell on Wheels, talks about finally revealing his character's backstory and his unlikely brotherhood with ...
[46]
Scandinavian-American English over time: Stereotypes and ...
This paper is a historical sociolinguistic study of spoken Scandinavian-American English, its representation over time, and its relationship with contemporary ...
[47]
Swedish Immigrants in the American Ethno-Racial Hierarchies - jstor
and also point to how the Swedes quickly adopted American stereotypes of other immigrant groups, in this case, the Irish. Religion, notably Catholicism ...
[48]
Edward A. Abramson, The Immigrant Experience in American ...
It is largely in the twentieth century that fiction of literary distinction describing Scandinavian-American settlement in America has been created.
[49]
Swede - Surname Origins & Meanings - Last Names - MyHeritage
The name is derived from the Old Norse word svíþr, which means Swede or Swedish person, and it was used to denote individuals from Sweden or those ...Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
[50]
Swede last name popularity, history, and meaning
The surname SWEDE has its origins in medieval Scandinavia, specifically in the regions that are now known as Sweden. The name is derived from the Old Norse word ...
[51]
Swedish-American Surnames - Jamestown Swedes
May 7, 2020 · Our local surnames of this category include Alstrom, Ahlstrom, Berglund, Bergstrom, Bloomquist, Dahlgren, Ecklof, Eckholm, Eckstrom, Ecklund, Fagerstrom, ...
[52]
Swede Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
This last name is the 367,445th most frequently held surname at a global level It is held by around 1 in 7,436,271 people. This surname is mostly found in Asia, ...Missing: 2024 | Show results with:2024
[53]
Swede Hanson - Pro Wrestling Wiki - Fandom
Robert Fort Hanson (March 27, 1933–February 19, 2002) was an American professional wrestler best known by his ring name Swede Hanson. He spent much of his ...
[54]
1 - NHL.com
No information is available for this page. · Learn why
[55]
Borje Salming, NHL's First Star From Sweden, Dies at 71
Nov 27, 2022 · Borje Salming, N.H.L.'s First Star From Sweden, Dies at 71. A Hall of Fame defenseman for the Toronto Maple Leafs, he led the way for other ...
[56]
'He's too good': How Börje Salming made hockey history in Toronto
Aug 18, 2022 · Salming would, after all, become the first European-born NHLer to play 1,000 games in the league and the first NHLer born and trained in Europe ...
[57]
How Borje Salming won the hearts of Maple Leafs teammates, fans
Nov 24, 2022 · ... chicken Swede” were a nightly occurrence. Not surprisingly, the team that targeted Salming the most was the Philadelphia Flyers. Toronto and ...
[58]
Swede Halbrook Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft Status and more
Harvey Wade Halbrook ; Position: Center ▫ Shoots: Right ; Born: January 30, 1933 in Dresden, Tennessee us ; Died: April 5, 1988 ; College: Oregon State.
[59]
A MATTER OF SIZE - Sports Illustrated Vault | SI.com
Somewhere in his relatively short life 22-year-old Wade Halbrook of Oregon State College picked up the nickname "Swede." The sobriquet befits him ill—his ...Missing: NBA | Show results with:NBA
[60]
THE SWEDISH INVASION - Sports Illustrated Vault | SI.com
Oct 18, 1976 · ... Salming's nickname. Listening to the roar. Canada Captain Bobby ... the Swede had contracted the "Philly Flu." One frustrated WHA coach ...