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Terra Formars

Terra Formars is a Japanese manga series written by Yu Sasuga and illustrated by Kenichi Tachibana, focusing on humanity's disastrous attempts to terraform Mars in the 26th century amid severe overpopulation on Earth.^[1] In the story, scientists seed Mars with cockroaches to aid terraforming, but these insects evolve over centuries into highly intelligent, humanoid monsters called Terraformars, leading to the failure of early manned missions.^[2] To combat this threat and seek a cure for the deadly A.E. virus ravaging Earth—believed to be linked to cockroach biology—U-NASA dispatches teams of criminals surgically enhanced with animal DNA, granting them superhuman abilities for brutal survival battles against the Terraformars. The series began serialization in Shueisha's Miracle Jump magazine on January 13, 2011, before transferring to Weekly Young Jump on April 26, 2012, and ran irregularly until December 2018, compiling into 22 tankōbon volumes before entering an indefinite hiatus due to Sasuga's health issues.^[3] It resumed in April 2024, leading to the release of a 23rd volume in July 2024, before entering another hiatus on April 10, 2025. As of November 2025, the series remains on hiatus, with announcements indicating plans to resume before the end of the year.^[4] In North America, Viz Media licensed the series for English release starting in 2014 under their VIZ Signature imprint.^[1] Terra Formars has spawned several adaptations, including two anime television series produced by David Production— the first in 2014 and Terra Formars: Revenge in 2016—along with an original video animation in 2018.^[5] A live-action film directed by Takashi Miike was released in 2016, featuring practical effects for the grotesque Terraformars.^[6] The franchise is noted for its graphic violence, body horror elements, and exploration of human evolution and survival in extreme environments.^[2]

Overview

Premise

In the late 21st century, humanity launched an international terraforming project to make Mars habitable amid Earth's escalating overpopulation crisis. Scientists released genetically engineered moss to produce oxygen and thicken the atmosphere, accompanied by cockroaches tasked with consuming the moss, fertilizing the soil, and accelerating the ecosystem's development. This initiative aimed to transform the barren planet into a viable colony for human expansion over the following centuries.^[7]^[2] Unforeseen by the project team, the cockroaches underwent rapid evolution into intelligent, humanoid creatures dubbed Terraformars, triggered by prolonged exposure to the moss and their inherent genetic resilience. These beings developed bipedal forms resembling muscular humans with cockroach features, exhibiting exceptional strength, speed, regenerative abilities, and coordinated social structures that far surpassed typical insect behavior. The accidental transformation turned Mars from a prospective haven into a deadly battleground, where the Terraformars aggressively defend their territory against intruders.^[2]^[8] To confront this existential threat and obtain biological samples from the Terraformars to develop a cure for the A.E. virus—a deadly disease ravaging Earth believed to be linked to cockroach biology—world governments established a covert genetic enhancement program, modifying human participants with insect-derived DNA to bolster their combat capabilities. These enhancements confer superhuman strength, agility, and specialized traits—such as venomous stings or armored exoskeletons—directly tied to the chosen insect model, enabling expedition teams to engage the Terraformars on more equal footing during high-stakes missions to the red planet.^[2]^[7] The title Terra Formars derives from "terraforming," referencing the planetary alteration project, combined with "Formica," the Latin term for ant, applied ironically to the evolved cockroach antagonists that exhibit ant-like societal organization.^[8]

Setting

In the late 26th century, Earth grapples with extreme overpopulation and dwindling resources, conditions that have pushed humanity to the brink and necessitated aggressive expansion into space.^[1] To address this crisis, the United Nations Aeronautics and Space Agency (U-NASA) was established in the 21st century to coordinate global efforts in planetary colonization.^[2] The agency's primary initiative involves terraforming Mars as a viable new home for billions, a project rooted in the need to alleviate Earth's unsustainable population pressures.^[7] Over five centuries of terraforming have transformed Mars into a more habitable world, featuring an oxygen-rich atmosphere generated through the strategic seeding of moss and cockroaches, which helped warm the planet and facilitate atmospheric changes.^[8] The planet's reduced gravity, approximately 38% of Earth's, aids mobility but poses unique challenges for human adaptation. Vast underground hives serve as the primary habitats for the evolved cockroaches, now known as Terraformars, while scattered human outposts, including the central U-NASA base, provide footholds for ongoing operations and research.^[7] Key technological advancements underpin these endeavors, including interstellar travel aboard massive vessels like the Annex I and Annex II ships, designed for transporting crews and equipment to Mars.^[9] The M.O. Operation, or Mosaic Organ Operation, enables human enhancements by integrating insect DNA to boost physical capabilities and resilience in the Martian environment, with a survival rate of about 36%.^[10] Efforts to counter the Terraformars include experimental viruses aimed at altering cockroach physiology to induce cephalization and reduce their threat level. The narrative timeline commences in 2577 with the first manned mission to Mars, incorporating flashbacks to the 21st-century origins of the terraforming project.^[9]

Characters

Human characters

The human characters in Terra Formars consist of U-NASA operatives, scientists, and civilians involved in the colonization and defense efforts on Mars, many of whom undergo the M.O. Operation—a genetic modification procedure that integrates animal DNA to bestow insect- or crustacean-inspired abilities for survival against environmental and biological threats. These enhancements are nationality-specific in later missions, reflecting diverse team compositions from Japan, the United States, Europe, and Asia, with over 50 named individuals grouped into squads like the First Platoon and Annex I teams.^[5] The high mortality rate among these characters, particularly in initial expeditions where many perish early, underscores the perilous stakes of the interplanetary conflict.^[7] Shōkichi Komachi serves as the central protagonist, a former Japanese delinquent haunted by a deep-seated phobia of cockroaches stemming from a traumatic childhood incident. Recruited for his street-hardened toughness and adaptability, Komachi receives M.O. enhancements derived from the Japanese giant hornet, granting him stinger attacks, venom injection, and enhanced strength and speed.^[11] His reluctant heroism drives much of the narrative, evolving from fear-driven avoidance to determined leadership within the First Platoon.^[12] Key team members in Komachi's squad include Ichirō Hiruma, the leader enhanced with traits from the sleeping chironomid midge larvae, providing cryptobiosis for revival and regeneration after dehydration, making him a tactical frontline commander despite his stern demeanor.^[13] Michelle K. Davis, an American operative, possesses blast ant-based abilities that enable her to cause internal explosions in foes via stings.^[14] Akari Hizamaru contributes with silk moth enhancements, allowing him to produce durable threads for web-based traps, mobility, and restraint tactics, complementing the team's close-combat specialists.^[15] Supporting cast expands beyond the core squad to include U-NASA administrators like the enigmatic North American officials overseeing mission logistics, family members such as Komachi's sister who motivate personal stakes, and international rivals in subsequent arcs—exemplified by German characters enhanced with rhinoceros beetle traits for immense lifting power and armored resilience.^[16] These figures highlight themes of global cooperation and individual sacrifice, with squad dynamics often strained by cultural differences and the irreversible toll of genetic alterations.^[7]

Terraformars

The Terraformars are the central antagonistic species in Terra Formars, consisting of evolved, humanoid cockroaches that have become the dominant lifeform on Mars. Originating from cockroaches dispatched to the planet in the 21st century (circa 2077) as part of humanity's initial terraforming efforts, these insects were intended to decompose organic matter like moss and algae to facilitate atmospheric changes.^[2] By the year 2599, their population had exploded to exceed billions, driven by rapid reproduction and adaptation to the Martian environment.^[17] This unchecked growth transformed them into highly intelligent beings whose cognitive abilities rival those of humans, enabling coordinated strategies and technological mimicry despite their inability to speak.^[7] Physically, Terraformars possess a humanoid body structure derived from cockroach morphology, standing roughly human-sized with enhanced musculature that grants superhuman speed, strength, and durability. Their exoskeletons provide natural armor, while appendages allow for powerful strikes capable of dismembering opponents. Adaptive biology enables them to evolve mid-combat, incorporating traits from defeated foes or environmental factors to counter threats, such as developing resistance to human weapons or toxins. Standard Terraformars function as foot soldiers, exhibiting relentless aggression and pack hunting tactics.^[18] They lack verbal communication but convey intent through pheromones and gestures, fostering a hive-mind efficiency in battles against human incursions.^[2] Terraformar society mirrors a militarized hive structure, organized around a strict hierarchy that emphasizes collective survival and expansion. At the apex is the Roach God, a supreme leader that directs overarching strategies from pyramid-like strongholds on Mars. Subordinate ranks include elite guards and specialized evolved forms, which may integrate organic weapons—such as blade-like limbs or projectile glands—or chitinous armor for defensive roles. This social order evolved from basic insect instincts but has advanced to emulate human organizational models, including division of labor for scouting, combat, and reproduction.^[7] Evolution is accelerated through exposure to engineered viruses, allowing rapid genetic assimilation of beneficial traits from consumed organisms, which has propelled their dominance over the planet. In conflicts with humans, this adaptability manifests as tactical ambushes and resource denial, underscoring their role as formidable invaders.^[17]

Production

Creation and serialization

Terra Formars is a Japanese manga series written by Yū Sasuga and illustrated by Kenichi Tachibana.^[2] The series began serialization in the January 13, 2011, issue of Shueisha's Miracle Jump magazine, running until the December 13, 2011, issue. Following the magazine's discontinuation, it transferred to Weekly Young Jump starting with the April 26, 2012, issue. The manga has faced multiple hiatuses throughout its run, primarily due to health issues affecting writer Yū Sasuga. It entered a hiatus after the March 2, 2017, issue, resuming in April 2018, before pausing indefinitely in December 2018 after the release of its 22nd volume, which included over 200 chapters at that point.^[19] Serialization resumed on April 4, 2024, in Weekly Young Jump following a five-year break, but entered another hiatus on April 10, 2025, with a planned return by the end of 2025.^[20]^[3] As of late 2025, the series remains ongoing, with 23 tankōbon volumes published.^[3]

Art style and influences

The artwork in Terra Formars, provided by Kenichi Tachibana, is distinguished by its highly detailed and grotesque illustrations that vividly portray extreme violence and intricate anatomical structures, especially in the humanoid cockroach antagonists known as Terraformars. These designs meticulously render insect physiology, such as segmented exoskeletons and compound eyes, blended with anthropomorphic forms to create a visceral sense of horror and realism during brutal combat scenes.^[21] Tachibana's style employs dynamic panel layouts to convey kinetic energy in action sequences, where insect motifs dominate to heighten the tension of human-insect confrontations.^[22] The series draws stylistic influences from science fiction classics like Starship Troopers, mirroring its core concept of interstellar warfare against evolved insectoid enemies, which informs the manga's premise of cockroach evolution on Mars.^[23] Additionally, elements of horror manga are evident in the emphasis on body horror and gore, amplifying the terror through exaggerated depictions of mutilation and mutation. Tachibana and writer Yu Sasuga incorporate real entomology for authenticity, basing Terraformar adaptations on actual cockroach biology, such as their resilience and sensory adaptations, researched through libraries and expert sources to ground the fantastical elements.^[24] Sasuga's writing style fuses traditional shōnen battle tropes with pseudo-scientific rationales for character abilities, derived from insect traits, while underscoring underdog themes as under-equipped humans face overwhelming odds. This approach creates a narrative rhythm of intense fights interspersed with explanatory asides on biology and strategy. The cover art evolves alongside the storyline, depicting characters with progressively battle-worn designs that reflect their growth and injuries, and color pages in the original Weekly Young Jump serialization intensify the gore, using vivid reds and shadows to make violent moments more striking.^[25]^[26]

Media adaptations

Manga

The manga Terra Formars, written by Yū Sasuga and illustrated by Kenichi Tachibana, began serialization in the inaugural issue of Shueisha's seinen anthology magazine Miracle Jump on January 11, 2011. Following the magazine's discontinuation after its December 2011 issue, the series transferred to Shueisha's Weekly Young Jump starting with issue 22-23 on April 26, 2012, a move prompted by its rapid rise in popularity among readers. Serialization proceeded irregularly thereafter, with a major hiatus from December 2018 to April 2024 due to Sasuga's health concerns, a brief resumption in Weekly Young Jump that April, and another hiatus beginning April 2025, with a planned return later in 2025. As of November 2025, the main series comprises 23 tankōbon volumes published by Shueisha, collecting over 220 chapters divided into major story arcs including the Annex 1 arc (chapters 1–32), the U-NASA Earth arc (chapters 33–84), and the Annex 2 arc (chapters 85–ongoing). The series has been released in digital formats through Shueisha's platforms and Viz Media's apps, alongside standard tankōbon editions. In North America, Viz Media licensed the manga for English release, debuting the first volume on July 15, 2014, with subsequent volumes following a quarterly schedule; the 23rd volume is slated for November 18, 2025. By 2019, the manga had sold over 20 million copies in circulation in Japan, reflecting its commercial success during the peak serialization period, with cumulative print runs reaching 10 million copies by February 2015 alone. The franchise has spawned multiple spin-off manga, expanding on side stories and characters outside the main narrative. Notable examples include Terra Formars Gaiden: Asimov (2015), written by Kenichi Fujiwara and illustrated by Boichi, which focuses on the backstory of Sylvester Asimov and ran for five chapters in Shueisha's Grand Jump from November 2015 to March 2016. Another is Terra Formars Gaiden: Rain Hard (2014–2015), illustrated by Satoshi Kimura, detailing Adolf Reinhard's origins across five chapters in Shueisha's Ultra Jump from October 2014 to February 2015. Additional spin-offs encompass gag comedies like Terraho-kun (2016) in Weekly Young Jump and action-oriented side stories such as Terrafo Police (2014), reimagining elements of the core premise in police procedural formats on Shueisha's Tonari no Young Jump website.

Anime

An anime adaptation of Terra Formars was produced by Liden Films, with the first original video animation (OVA) released in 2014 to cover the preceding Bugs 2 arc from the manga.^[27] This two-episode OVA, directed by Hiroshi Hamasaki with series composition by Shogo Yasukawa, served as a prologue to the main television series and introduced key elements of the story's universe, including the initial failed mission to Mars.^[27] The primary television adaptation consists of two seasons. The first season aired from September 26 to December 19, 2014, comprising 13 episodes that adapt the Annex 1 arc, focusing on the U.N.'s mission to Mars to combat the Terraformars and develop a vaccine for the A.E. virus.^[5] Directed by Hiroshi Hamasaki, with music composed by Shūsei Murai, the season was produced by Liden Films and emphasized intense action sequences and the manga's gore elements while streamlining some narrative details for television pacing.^[5] Notable voice actors include Hidenobu Kiuchi as Shōkichi Komachi, Shizuka Itō as Michelle K. Davis, and Kaito Ishikawa as Marcos E. Garcia.^[28] The second season, titled Terra Formars: Revenge, aired from April 1 to June 24, 2016, also spanning 13 episodes and continuing the adaptation into the Annex 2 arc, where survivors from the previous mission join a new expedition.^[29] Directed by Michio Fukuda, with series composition by Naruhisa Arakawa and music by Takafumi Wada, this season was a collaboration between Liden Films and TYO Animations.^[29] It retained the core plot from the manga but incorporated some original scenes and adjustments to enhance dramatic tension and episode flow, diverging slightly in character development and battle resolutions to fit the runtime.^[30] The returning voice cast was joined by additional performers, such as Yoshimasa Hosoya for new roles, maintaining continuity in performances.^[28] In 2018, a two-episode OVA titled Terra Formars: Earth Arc (also known as Revenge OVA) was released, bundled with the manga's 21st and 22nd volumes from August 17 to November 19. Produced by Liden Films, it adapts the Earth arc where Terraformars reach Earth, featuring returning voice actors and focusing on the ensuing battles. Both seasons premiered on Tokyo MX and other Japanese networks, with simulcast streaming available on Crunchyroll for international audiences, allowing near-real-time access outside Japan.^[31] The anime's visual style highlighted the manga's dynamic fight choreography and grotesque designs, though it toned down some explicit violence for broadcast standards compared to the source material.^[5]

Live-action film

Terra Formars is a 2016 Japanese live-action science fiction action film directed by Takashi Miike, adapting the early arcs of the manga series by Yū Sasuga and Kenichi Tachibana.^[6] The film was released in Japan on April 29, 2016, by Warner Bros. Japan, with a runtime of 109 minutes.^[6] It stars Hideaki Itō as Shokichi Komachi, Emi Takei as Nanao Akita, Shun Oguri as Micott, and Takayuki Yamada as Yasuhiro, alongside supporting roles by Rinko Kikuchi, Rila Fukushima, and Kane Kosugi.^[6] The screenplay was written by Kazuki Nakashima, known for his work on Miike's previous films.^[32] The plot centers on a 26th-century mission to Mars, where humanity has attempted to terraform the planet using cockroaches and algae, only for the insects to evolve into intelligent, humanoid Terraformars. A team of recruits, including criminals and volunteers, undergoes genetic modifications based on insect abilities to combat the creatures during the U-NASA Annex 1 expedition.^[6] The adaptation condenses the manga's initial Annex missions into a single narrative, emphasizing high-stakes action sequences and the team's survival struggles while streamlining character backstories for cinematic pacing.^[33] Unlike the source material's episodic structure, the film focuses on collective team dynamics over individual fights, resulting in a more streamlined but less expansive exploration of the lore.^[34] Production involved extensive visual effects, with heavy reliance on CGI to depict the Terraformars' designs and the intense martial arts-inspired combat scenes.^[35] Filming took place in Japan and Iceland, the latter providing Martian landscapes, and was handled by OLM Inc. for animation elements and Imagica for post-production.^[32] The effects team aimed to capture the manga's grotesque insect-human hybrids, though some sequences blend practical stunts with digital enhancements for the transformation and battle visuals.^[36] The film received mixed reviews, with praise for its ambitious action choreography and faithful tone to the manga's over-the-top violence, but criticism for uneven CGI quality and simplistic plotting.^[35] On Rotten Tomatoes, it holds a 50% approval rating based on limited critic scores, noted for appealing to fans of genre sci-fi despite technical shortcomings.^[37] Commercially, it grossed $5.5 million at the Japanese box office, performing modestly for a manga adaptation.

Other media

The Terra Formars franchise has expanded into light novels that delve into side stories and character backstories beyond the main manga. The series "Terra Formars: Lost Mission," written by Akira Higashiyama and published by Shueisha's Dash X Bunko imprint, began serialization in 2014 and consists of multiple volumes focusing on additional missions to Mars and the human crews' struggles against the Terraformars. Similarly, "Terra Formars: The Outer Mission," authored by Kenichi Fujiwara, launched in 2015 and explores outer expeditions, providing deeper insights into supporting characters' motivations and psychological depths not fully covered in the manga. These novels enhance the universe by emphasizing themes of survival and human evolution in isolation. In terms of video games, Terra Formars received an action-adventure title titled Terra Formars: Akaki Hoshi no Gekitou (Fierce Battle on the Crimson Planet), developed and published by FuRyu Corporation for the Nintendo 3DS, released on April 2, 2015, in Japan. The game features playable characters from the series, such as Shokichi Komachi, engaging in melee combat against swarms of Terraformars on Mars, with mechanics centered on bug-hybrid abilities and mission-based progression.^[38] No major mobile game tie-ins were produced, though the franchise lacks significant Western-developed video games, limiting its interactive media primarily to Japanese platforms. A Western adaptation exists in the form of a dice-based board game published by Japanime Games in 2016, where players lead teams to exterminate cockroach-like foes on Mars using strategy cards and dice rolls.^[39] Additional media includes audio dramas bundled with the anime Blu-ray/DVD releases. The first original drama CD, featuring voice actors from the anime cast portraying pre-mission interactions among the crew, was included with the limited edition of Volume 1 on December 24, 2014.^[40] Subsequent volumes contained mini drama CDs up to Volume 6, expanding on interpersonal dynamics and tactical preparations. Merchandise for the series prominently includes collectible figures, such as the figma Terra Formar non-scale action figure released by Max Factory in 2014, depicting the iconic cockroach antagonist with posable limbs for dynamic display. Good Smile Company produced Nendoroid figures of characters like Michelle K. Davis in 2016, emphasizing chibi-style designs with interchangeable faces and accessories to capture M.O. surgery transformations. These items, along with apparel and replicas, contribute to the franchise's appeal among collectors by highlighting its grotesque yet detailed creature designs.

Themes and analysis

Scientific elements

The Terra Formars series incorporates pseudo-scientific elements inspired by real entomology and planetary science, particularly in its depiction of human enhancements and the evolutionary processes on Mars. The terraforming process begins with the introduction of moss to generate oxygen through photosynthesis, a concept grounded in proposals for biological atmospheric modification on Mars. Recent research has demonstrated that certain desert mosses, such as Syntrichia caninervis, can survive extreme conditions including high radiation, desiccation, and low pressure, potentially aiding in oxygen production and soil stabilization on the Martian surface.^[41] Cockroaches are deployed to distribute the moss, leveraging their real-world adaptability; these insects exhibit remarkable resilience, capable of surviving radiation doses up to 10,000 rads—10 times the approximate lethal dose for humans (around 1,000 rads)—due to their slow cell division rates, which reduce susceptibility to DNA damage from ionizing radiation.^[42] In the narrative, cockroaches evolve into intelligent humanoid forms via a fictional cephalization virus that accelerates brain development, transforming their primitive nervous systems into advanced cognitive structures while altering Mars' habitability through increased atmospheric oxygen and temperature from the moss proliferation.^[43] Human characters undergo "Bugs Surgery," a procedure integrating insect DNA to grant superhuman abilities, drawing directly from documented entomological traits for plausibility. For instance, enhancements mimicking the bullet ant (Paraponera clavata) confer immense strength and a venomous sting rated 4+ on the Schmidt sting pain index—the highest level—caused by poneratoxin, a neurotoxin that disrupts sodium channels in nerves, inducing prolonged, bone-deep agony lasting up to 24 hours.^[44] Similarly, abilities based on the praying mantis involve raptorial strikes reaching speeds of 60 milliseconds, enabled by specialized foreleg musculature and hydraulic mechanisms that allow explosive extension, as observed in high-speed analyses of mantis predation.^[45] These integrations emphasize conceptual fidelity to insect physiology, where ants lift up to 50 times their body weight via efficient muscle leverage, and mantises achieve precision through neural feedback loops, though the series extrapolates them to human scales without biological feasibility.^[46] Combat sequences on Mars exploit the planet's low gravity (approximately 0.38 times Earth's), which alters physics by reducing weight and inertial forces, enabling combatants to achieve greater jump heights (up to 2.6 times higher than on Earth) and extended trajectories for attacks.^[47] However, this environment diminishes traction and maximum acceleration due to lower ground reaction forces, potentially slowing sprint speeds and complicating close-quarters maneuvers compared to Earth-based fights; cockroach-inspired movements, scaled from real speeds of 1.5 m/s (equivalent to 50 body lengths per second), would appear even more agile in reduced gravity, amplifying their threat in zero-atmosphere vacuums where momentum persists longer.^[48] The narrative's appendices, often termed "bug files," detail such adaptations—like cockroach radiation tolerance—to bridge fictional enhancements with verifiable entomological data, underscoring the series' reliance on scientific realism for its action-oriented pseudobiology.^[49] The manga Terra Formars has been critiqued for its portrayal of nationalism through character abilities that draw on ethnic and national stereotypes, often associating specific countries with particular insect powers, which has led to debates about underlying xenophobia in the narrative. For instance, characters from different nations are granted abilities inspired by cultural tropes, such as martial arts for Chinese characters or sumo for Japanese ones, reinforcing stereotypes that some interpreters see as promoting a form of cultural essentialism. This approach has sparked discussions on how the series reflects or critiques Japanese nationalism, with the human teams organized by country, highlighting inter-national rivalries amid a common threat.^[50] The themes of evolution and survival in Terra Formars emphasize adaptation, portraying humans as evolving in ways that mirror the cockroaches' brutality, suggesting a Darwinian struggle where humanity's primal instincts emerge under pressure. The cockroaches' evolution into humanoid forms serves as a metaphor for humanity's own insect-like tendencies, such as swarming behavior and relentless aggression, blurring the line between predator and prey. This parallel underscores a commentary on survival of the fittest, where human society devolves into base instincts during crises.^[51] Terraforming Mars in the story acts as a metaphor for human hubris, illustrating environmental disregard through the unintended consequences of altering an alien ecosystem, leading to the cockroaches' uprising as a backlash against colonial overreach. The initial mission to seed Mars with cockroaches and moss for oxygenation symbolizes humanity's arrogant assumption of dominance over nature, resulting in a hostile environment that punishes such overconfidence. This narrative arc critiques real-world environmental exploitation and space colonization ambitions as extensions of imperialistic mindsets.^[8]

Reception

Critical reviews

Critics have praised the manga for its dynamic fight sequences and detailed artwork, which effectively convey the intensity of battles against the humanoid cockroaches known as Terraformars. The innovative concept of humans enhanced with insect-derived powers, such as enhanced strength or exoskeletons, has been highlighted as a fresh take on sci-fi action, blending horror elements with strategic combat.^[52]^[53] However, the series has faced criticism for repetitive battle structures, where fights often follow similar patterns of power reveals and sacrifices without significant variation. Characters are frequently described as underdeveloped, serving primarily as vehicles for action rather than having meaningful arcs or emotional depth. Pacing issues become more pronounced in later arcs, with prolonged flashbacks and extended combat slowing the narrative momentum.^[35]^[54]^[55] The anime adaptation received commendation for its animation quality, particularly in depicting fluid and visceral fight choreography that enhances the manga's action. Anime News Network users rated the first season an average of 6.5 out of 10, appreciating the mature visual style despite some inconsistencies.^[5]^[56] The 2016 live-action film, directed by Takashi Miike, was lauded for its visual effects in rendering the Terraformars and spaceship environments, creating an immersive sci-fi atmosphere. Yet, it was faulted for its cheesy dialogue and over-the-top tone, which undermined the tension in otherwise ambitious action set pieces.^[57]^[35] In Western reviews, the series' heavy reliance on gore has elicited mixed responses, with some appreciating the unflinching brutality as integral to the horror theme, while others found it gratuitous and detracting from the plot. The manga earned a nomination for the 6th Manga Taishō award in 2013, recognizing its impact in the sci-fi genre.^[58]^[59]^[52]

Commercial success

The manga series has achieved significant commercial success, with over 22 million copies in circulation worldwide across its 23 volumes as of July 2024.^[60] Several volumes topped Japan's Oricon weekly manga charts, including volume 8, which sold 299,947 copies in its debut week in February 2014. This strong print performance contributed to the franchise's overall market presence, though no major serialization updates occurred after the manga's indefinite hiatus in late 2018 until a brief resumption in 2024; digital sales have remained steady into 2025.^[20] The 2014 anime adaptation's first season saw modest physical media sales, with Blu-ray volumes averaging approximately 5,000 units per episode in Japan.^[61] It gained broader accessibility through wide streaming distribution, including on Crunchyroll, which helped expand its international audience. The 2016 live-action film grossed about 1 billion yen at the Japanese box office, equivalent to roughly US$9.7 million, providing a moderate return despite not meeting sequel expectations.^[62] Merchandise tied to the film and broader franchise, such as figures and apparel, further boosted overall revenue streams.^[63]

Controversies

The manga and anime adaptation of Terra Formars have faced significant criticism for perceived racist stereotypes in character designs and portrayals, particularly the depiction of the humanoid cockroaches (Terraformars) with dark skin, exaggerated lips, and white eyes, which some reviewers likened to offensive caricatures of Black people.^[8] Additionally, the multinational human cast often embodies national clichés, such as American characters emphasizing individualism and freedom in exaggerated manners, contributing to accusations of cultural insensitivity across various ethnic groups, including Chinese characters portrayed as antagonistic with stereotypical traits tied to their origins.^[64] These elements drew backlash, especially in international audiences, with some online discussions in China highlighting the series' negative representation of Chinese roles as fueling nationalism-themed concerns in the story.^[8] The series' graphic violence and gore have also sparked debates, as the content features brutal dismemberments, blood-soaked battles, and insect-human hybrid carnage, earning mature ratings like TV-MA in the United States.^[65] The 2014 anime adaptation underwent heavy censorship for Japanese broadcast television, with black bars and pixelation obscuring wounds and fatalities, which critics and fans argued diminished the intended impact and made episodes visually distracting.^[66] Uncensored versions were later released on home video and streaming platforms like Crunchyroll, but the initial alterations fueled discussions on whether such edits glorified or sanitized the brutality.^[67] Production issues have led to other controversies, primarily multiple hiatuses in the manga serialization due to writer Yū Sasuga's ongoing health problems, first noted in 2017 and extending indefinitely from 2019 until a brief return in 2024.^[3] The most recent pause began in April 2025, with initial plans for resumption in summer delayed to fall and further to later in 2025, as announced on November 6, 2025; this has frustrated fans and raised concerns about the series' completion amid creator well-being.^[20]^[3] No major new controversies emerged in 2024 or 2025 beyond these production delays.

References

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Terra Formars, Vol. 1 | Book by Yu Sasuga, Ken-ichi Tachibana
$$12.99 4–8 day delivery 30-day returnsHumanity's attempt to terraform and colonize Mars goes horribly wrong. In the late 26th century, overpopulation on Earth is reaching the breaking point, ...Missing: synopsis | Show results with:synopsis
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Terraformars (manga) - Anime News Network
Plot Summary: With Earth quickly becoming uninhabitable due to a swelling population, humans develop a project to terraform Mars, one that involves leaving ...
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https://www.crunchyroll.com/news/latest/2024/3/27/terra-formars-manga-returns-to-serialization-in-young-jump
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Terraformars (TV) - Anime News Network
Plot Summary: Twenty years ago, Shokichi Komachi was part of the Bugs 2 mission to Mars that discovered Terra Formars, human-cockroach hybrids that resulted ...
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Terra Formars (2016) - IMDb
Rating 4.7/10 (3,639) To colonize Mars, 21st century scientists seed the planet with algae and cockroaches. 500 years later, the first manned mission to Mars loses contact with ...Missing: adaptations | Show results with:adaptations
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The Official Website for Terra Formars - VIZ
Terra Formars. Humanity's attempt to terraform and colonize Mars goes horribly wrong. Created by Yu Sasuga and Ken-ichi Tachibana | More ...
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Terra Formars GN 1 - Review - Anime News Network
Aug 19, 2014 · With a severe overpopulation crisis threatening the Earth, scientists decided to make an attempt to terraform Mars, hoping to allow humanity ...
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News Terra Formars Promo Video Previews Annex 1 Story
Sep 26, 2014 · The story of the original manga begins in the year 2577, hundreds of years after scientists sent cockroaches and mold to terraform Mars. However ...Missing: synopsis | Show results with:synopsis<|control11|><|separator|>
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The Fall 2014 Anime Preview Guide - TERRAFORMARS
Oct 2, 2014 · In order to combat this virus, Akari and ninety-nine other newly conscripted operatives will have to journey to Mars and collect virus samples, ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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CHARACTER -TVアニメ『テラフォーマーズリベンジ』公式サイト-
中国・アジア第四班 · 劉翊武（リュウ・イーウ） · 西春麗（シイ・チュンリー） · 爆到嵐（バオ・ツーラン） · ジェット · ボルジギーン・ドルヂバーキ · 紅（ホン） ...
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News Terra Formars TV Anime's 5th Character Ad Focuses on Akari ...
Sep 24, 2014 · Yoshimasa Hosoya as Akari Hizamaru · Hidenobu Kiuchi as Shōkichi Komachi · Shizuka Itou as Michelle · Kaito Ishikawa as Marcos · KENN as Alex · Ai ...
[13]
News Viz Media Reveals English Dub Cast for Terraformars Anime
Jul 1, 2017 · Christopher Niosi as Akari Hizamaru · Erica Lindbeck as Michelle K. · Cherami Leigh as Kanako Sanjo · Cristina Vee as Eva Frost · Robbie Daymond as ...
[14]
テラフォーマーズ特設ページ - 週刊ヤングジャンプ公式サイト
2024.7.18 マンガ. 『テラフォーマーズ』のあらすじはコチラ ; 2018.11.20 その他. テラフォの名シーンのセリフを自由に吹き替え！『テラフォでヒトコト！』 ; 2018.11.19 更新 ...Special · Terraformars · Release · StoryMissing: synopsis | Show results with:synopsis
[15]
Terra Formars - Ken-ichi Tachibana / Yu Sasuga - Manga Plus
After humanity's first manned mission to the Red Planet was lost, a second expedition arrives. The explorers prepare to exterminate the cockroaches.
[16]
Watch Terra Formars
### Summary of Terra Formars Series
[17]
Terraformars Manga Goes Back on Indefinite Hiatus After 3 Weeks
Nov 28, 2018 · Sasuga and Tachibana launched the Terraformars manga in 2011. Shueisha shipped the manga's 22nd volume on November 9 with a bundled anime DVD.
[18]
News Terraformars Manga Goes on Hiatus Until Summer
Apr 9, 2025 · Kenichi Tachibana and Yū Sasuga 's Terraformars manga will go back on hiatus, and will return with its next chapter this summer.
[19]
Aliens and Animal Men: Should You Be Reading 'Terra Formars'?
Aug 12, 2015 · Terra Formars is a manga series by Yu Sasuga and Kenichi Tachibana about modified humans fighting off humanoid cockroach aliens on Mars.
[20]
Comic Review: Terra Formars Vol. 1 - NerdSpan
Jul 1, 2014 · “Kenichi Tachibana's crisp and kinetic artwork is the perfect vehicle for Yu Sasuga's sci-fi action drama that will grab TERRA FORMARS ...Missing: Starship Troopers style
[21]
TERRA FORMARS Arrow Blu-ray Review - Film Pulse
Apr 4, 2019 · Based on a popular manga by Yu Sasuga, the concept of Terra Formars ... It plays like Miike's version of Starship Troopers, where ...
[22]
https://nerdspan.com/comic-review-terra-formars-vol-1/
[23]
Terra Formars Vol. 18 (Story by Yu Sasuga, Art by Ken-Ichi ...
Jul 22, 2017 · In 2011, writer Yu Sasuga and artist Kenichi Tachibana would create “Terra Formars”, a manga series that would become a major hit in Japan.
[24]
Top 10 Terra Formars Manga Covers - The Hergula
Apr 28, 2025 · Terra Formars is a standout manga series created by Yu Sasuga and Kenichi Tachibana, known for its wild sci-fi premise and intense visuals.Missing: Hiroki influences
[25]
Terraformars (OAV) - Anime News Network
Plot Summary: With Earth quickly becoming uninhabitable due to a swelling population, humans develop a project to terraform Mars, one that involves leaving ...
[26]
https://www.thehergula.com/top-10-terra-formars-manga-covers/
[27]
Terraformars Revenge (TV) - Anime News Network
Plot Summary: 2620 A.D. In order to find a vaccine for the virus from Mars with a death rate of 100% called the Alien Engine Virus, Hizamaru and the crew went ...
[28]
Terra Formars: Revenge - Reviews - MyAnimeList.net
Season 2 's plot is straight-forward, right to the point, and focuses more on drama and having "goals" rather than having the main & supporting characters get ...<|separator|>
[29]
https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=17793
[30]
Terraformars (live-action movie) - Anime News Network
Plot Summary: With Earth quickly becoming uninhabitable due to a swelling population, humans develop a project to terraform Mars, one that involves leaving ...
[31]
Terra Formars (2016) - Moria Reviews
Nov 18, 2019 · A crew of astronauts who are sent to Mars to eliminate evolved cockroaches and are given insect-based genetic mutations that in effect give them superpowers.<|control11|><|separator|>
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REVIEW: Terra Formars (2016) - FictionMachine.
Mar 29, 2017 · Terra Formars is a 2016 live-action adaptation of Yu Sasuga and Kenichi Tachibana's popular science fiction manga.<|control11|><|separator|>
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'TerraFormars': Film Review - The Hollywood Reporter
May 17, 2016 · ... Yu Sasuga and Kenichi Tachibana's popular 2011 manga ... uniforms to the” lost” first missions of Sunshine and Event Horizon and the bug hunts of ...
[34]
Terra Formars (2016) - User reviews - IMDb
Sure, "Terra Formars" was a watchable movie, but it was hardly among Takashi Miike's best work, not even by a long shot.
[35]
Terra Formars | Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 50% (4) Terra Formars is a very impressive adaptation, evidently directed to fans of sci-fi action, with all the good and the bad the notion entails.
[36]
News Terraformars Manga Gets 3DS Game by FuRyu Next Spring
In the game, player control Shōkichi and the other humans as they fight the Terraformar swarms on Mars. The game will cost 5,980 yen (about US ...
[37]
Terra Formars | Board Game - BoardGameGeek
In stock Rating 2.8 (80) In Terra Formars, based on the Terra Formars anime series, players take the role of the egotistical heroes sent to Mars to cleanse the humanoid cockroaches ...
[38]
Terraformars TV BDs/DVDs to Have English Subs in Japan - News ...
The limited first pressing of the first Blu-ray/DVD volume will also include an original drama CD Vol. 1 and a random drawing form to attend an event. Viz ...
[39]
We could terraform Mars with desert moss — but does that ... - Space
Jul 3, 2024 · A desert moss could be the key to terraforming Mars, according to a recent study published by Chinese scientists.Missing: cockroaches | Show results with:cockroaches<|control11|><|separator|>
[40]
Can Cockroaches Survive a Nuclear Bomb? Myths vs. Science
The world may be inherited by flour beetles, but cockroaches would still likely outlive humans after a radioactive fallout. Insects like the cockroach are ...
[41]
Would cockroaches really survive a nuclear apocalypse? - Pursuit
Feb 14, 2019 · US TV series Mythbusters tested the cockroach survival theory in 2012 when they exposed cockroaches to radioactive material. The roaches ...
[42]
Bullet ant | Description, Sting, Natural History, Range, & Facts
The sting of the bullet ant is rated the maximum 4+ on the Schmidt sting pain index, developed by American chemist and entomologist Justin O. Schmidt to ...
[43]
High-speed video shows every second of a praying mantis's lethal ...
May 20, 2020 · They found that the speed of the strikes varied greatly, with some taking just 60 milliseconds (a millisecond is one-thousandth of a second), ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
[44]
Ant-Man is only tapping into a portion of the real superpowers of ants
Mar 2, 2023 · Ants are well known for their super-strength, with some workers being able to carry up to 50 times their own body weight. Since ants – like ...
[45]
Would you run faster on Mars? - Physics Stack Exchange
May 5, 2022 · Third, Mars has less gravity, giving less traction, resulting in a lower maximum acceleration force. On a loose surface, you can dig in and push ...Missing: combat | Show results with:combat
[46]
Cockroaches traverse crevices, crawl rapidly in confined spaces ...
Cockroaches use rigid, jointed exoskeletons to run rapidly at speeds approaching 1.5 m⋅s−1 (31), climb up walls (11, 32), race along ceilings (33), and swing ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
[47]
Cockroaches and radiation - ABC Science
Feb 23, 2006 · Well, if you want to have a mean radiation-resistant insectoid villain, a cockroach fits the bill better than a fruit fly. Cockroaches would ...
[48]
Terra Formars is an Obscenely Racist Manga and Anime Series ...
Mar 17, 2015 · The plot for this series is the age old “humanity screwed up the Earth” story. Centuries ago (which is the 21st century as this is a sci-fi ...
[49]
The Souls of Roach Folk (1/2). On Terra Formars, fascism, and the…
Dec 2, 2019 · Terra Formars, as a manga, and as an ill-fated anime adaptation (and worse live-action movie), has been flagged by many people, especially ...
[50]
Terra Formars Vol. 1 Review - AIPT
Jul 15, 2014 · Terra Formars Vol. 1 is a brutal as hell, gore-a-rific, in-your-face violent story and it does it with style. It's a great start to this new series.Missing: synopsis | Show results with:synopsis
[51]
Terra Formars Manga Review - UWAnime Wordpress
May 22, 2017 · Terra Formars is a great Horror, Sci-fi, Seinin filled with tons of fantastic artwork and gore. Much like how Attack on Titan's creepy faced Titans scare ...
[52]
Manga Review: Terra Formars Volume One
Jul 15, 2014 · After finishing this volume, I found the characters to be rather underdeveloped, the story was made unnecessarily confusing, and there was ...
[53]
Terra Formars - Reviews - MyAnimeList.net
Terraformars, an anime about a bunch of genetically modified humans with animal powers that get sent to Mars to exterminate a race of hyper evolved humanoid ...
[54]
Review/discussion about: Terra Formars : r/anime - Reddit
Dec 20, 2014 · Terra Formars starts with a man named Akari, whose fighting prowess has given him the opportunity to join a select group of people aimed at finding a cure to a ...Terra Formars Manga is it really good? - RedditTerra formars the worst manga i ever read : r/terraformars - RedditMore results from www.reddit.com
[55]
[Fantasia Review] Terra Formars - The Film Stage
Aug 4, 2016 · It's the tail end of the twenty-first century and Earth has nearly overstayed its welcome with dwindling resources and over-population.
[56]
News 11 Titles Nominated for 6th Manga Taisho Awards
Jan 21, 2013 · A Bride's Story was one of the nominees in 2011. Update: Ore Monogatari!! , Terra Formars , Ningen Karimen-chū, Hi Score Girl , Bokura no ...
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Terra Formars Anime Review | Funcurve
May 16, 2015 · Terra Formars quickly flies through its basic premise: virus from Mars with a 100% mortality rate, giant alien cockroaches are the source.Missing: manga | Show results with:manga
[58]
Terra Formars Manga Returns from Hiatus After Over 5 Years in ...
Mar 27, 2024 · The manga originally began serialization in January 2011 in Shueisha's Miracle Jump magazine and later moved to Weekly Young Jump in 2012. It ...Missing: history publisher
[59]
2014 TV anime sales rankings update (Love Live 82k, Gochiusa 8k ...
Jun 24, 2014 · 2014 TV anime sales rankings update (Love Live 82k, Gochiusa 8k, Isshukan Friends 5k starts). Source: Oricon ... Bluray, DVD, Archival disk sales.Oricon's Top 10 Best-Selling Anime of 2021 in Japan - RedditJapan Top 10 Weekly Anime Blu-ray and DVD Sales Ranking: Oct. 10More results from www.reddit.com
[60]
https://animecorner.me/terra-formars-manga-returns-from-hiatus-after-over-5-years-in-april-2024/
[61]
Top-Selling Media Franchises in Japan: 2015 - Anime News Network
Dec 29, 2015 · News. Top-Selling Media Franchises in Japan: 2015 ; 21, 2,266,159,097, Terra Formars ; 22, 2,255,751,479, Magi ...
[62]
TERRAFORMARS REVENGE - The Spring 2016 Anime Preview ...
Apr 1, 2016 · TERRAFORMARS REVENGE is based on a manga and can be found streaming on Crunchyroll, Fridays at 1:05 PM EST. How was the first episode? Jacob ...
[63]
Top 15 Anime With The Worst Censorship - CBR
Mar 25, 2023 · TerraforMARS followed the brutal war between humans and monstrous humanoid cockroaches living on Mars, so some cuts on broadcast television were ...
[64]
News Crunchyroll to Stream Uncensored Terraformars Anime
Oct 11, 2014 · " The service has been streaming the same censored version that broadcast stations in Japan have been airing (with obscured scenes of violence) ...
[65]
News Crunchyroll Schedules More of Uncensored Terraformars
Dec 26, 2014 · Crunchyroll Schedules More of Uncensored Terraformars ... The website is currently streaming the censored version of the entire series.